Akukacaci ukuthi kungani le cobra yabizwa ngokuthi yasebukhosini. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yobukhulu obukhulu (i-4-6 m), ehlukanisa phakathi nesizinda sezinye i-cobras noma ngenxa yomkhuba wokuzidla wokudla ezinye izinyoka, ukuhlekisa ngamagundane amancane, izinyoni namaxoxo.

Uyakwazi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi ukucindezela izimbambo zesifuba ukuze umzimba ongaphezulu uphenduke uhlobo lwe-hood. Lokhu kugxilwa kwentamo kugxila ngenxa yokugoqwa kwesikhumba ezinhlangothini zayo. Kukhona indawo encane eyisicaba engenhla kwekhanda lenyoka, amehlo mancane, ngokuvamile amnyama.

Wanikezwa igama elithi "cobra" ngamaPutukezi afika eNdiya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Kuqala, babiza i-eyeglass cobra ngokuthi "inyoka egqokeni" ("cobra de capello"). Ngemuva kwalokho isiteketiso salahlekelwa yingxenye yaso yesibili futhi sanikezwa bonke abamele imindeni.

Habitat

AmaCobras ahlala kuphela ku-Old World - e-Afrika (ngaphesheya kwezwekazi), eCentral naseNingizimu Asia (eNdiya, ePakistan, eSri Lanka). Lezi zilwane zingama-thermophilic futhi azenzeki lapho iqhwa liwela ebusika, okuhlukile yiCobral Asia cobra, ebangeni layo enyakatho ifinyelela eTurkmenistan, Tajikistan nase-Uzbekistan. Izindawo zalezi zinyoka ziyahlukahluka, kodwa-ke, izindawo eziyomile zin ngokunambitheka kwazo.

Isimo esijwayelekile se-cobra yi-shrubbery, ugwadule kanye nogwadule, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zitholakala ehlathini, ngasogwini lomfula, kepha lezi zinyoka zigwenywa ezindaweni ezinomswakama omkhulu. Ezintabeni, ama-cobras atholakala aze afike ku-1500-2400 m.

Njengazo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo ze-cobra, bahlala bodwa, kepha ama-cobras amaNdiya nawasebukhosini yiwona ahlukile kulo mthetho.

Incazelo ye-King Cobra

Phakathi kwabo, abasebenza nge-herpetologists babiza inyoka hannah, kusuka egameni layo lesi-Latin i-Ophiophagus hannah, bese uhlukanisa okukhamba kube ngamaqembu amabili akhethekile aqhelelene:

• izwekazi / Chinese - ngemivimbo ebanzi nephethini ngisho nasemzimbeni wonke,
• isiqhingi / i-indonesian - Abantu abangabodwa be-monophonic abanezindawo ezibomvu ezingalingani umphimbo kanye nemivimbo egqamile (emincane) edlulele.

Owesifazane ne-cobra

Ngokuya kombala wenyoka esencane, sekuvele ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili okungezazo: abancane beqembu lase-Indonesia bakhombisa imivimbo egqamile evala ngezihlangu zesisu emzimbeni womzimba. Kuliqiniso, kukhona nombala ophakathi nendawo ngenxa yemingcele esusiwe phakathi kwezinhlobo. Umbala wesikali emhlane uncike endaweni lapho uhlala khona futhi ungaba ophuzi, onsundu, luhlaza okotshani nomnyama. Isikali esingaphansi kwesimo esivamile ngokuvamile silula futhi sinombala omuncu.

I-King cobra iyakwazi "ukukhula". Kuzwakale umsindo onjengeqhubu ukhipha umqala lapho inyoka ithukuthele. Ithuluzi "lokubhonga" elijulile ngama-diversiculum ama-tracheal azwakala kumaza amade. Indida, kepha enye inyoka ebabayo ibhekwa njengenyoka eluhlaza, evame ukuwa etafuleni likaHana lokudlela.

Indlela yokuphila

Ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile, “indlovukazi” ayithandi ukubonwa. Ukhetha ukuhlala emihumeni emnyama noma emiseleni, eningi ehlathini. Futhi bagibela izihlahla ngokuphelele futhi babhukuda kahle, kodwa nokho bakhetha ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi kubanjwa inyamazane noma ukulandela isitha, inyoka ingahamba ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuphunyuka enyokeni ngokundiza awemkhulu kangako.Izizathu ulaka olunjalo uyofunda kancane aphansi. Muva nje, kuye kwaba nomkhuba wokufudusa ama-cobras we-king eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu, futhi kunencazelo yalokhu.

Okokuqala, imvamisa le ndawo yenzeka ngenkathi yezimvula futhi, okwesibili, ukwabiwa kabanzi kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo emazweni ase-Asia kuholela ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi, okuyindawo yemvelo yalezi zinyoka. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ama-cobras avame ukubonwa ezindaweni ezihlwanyelwe lapho kuhlala khona ama-rodents amaningi, futhi lapho kunamagundane khona, kukhona nezinyoka ezincane - ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-cobra yasebukhosini.

Umsoco

Izimfezi sidla amagundane amancane, izinyoni (passerines nezidleke, isibonelo, izimbuzi), izibankwa, amaxoxo, Toads, izinyoka ezincane, amaqanda. IKing cobra idla izirhubuluzi kuphela, futhi izibankwa zidla kakhulu, futhi zivame ukuzingela ezinye izinyoka. Izisulu zalo zivame ukuba yizinhlobo ezinobuthi kakhulu nezihlobo ezisondele kakhulu zama-cobras - ama-kraits kanye nama-aspid. AmaCobras abulala inyamazane yawo ngokuluma, afake ubuthi obunamandla emzimbeni wakhe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi obunesihluku zivame ukusiluma amazinyo abo ku isisulu futhi musa ngokushesha ukuyikhulula, sengathi ukuhlafuna ngalokho lunikeze isingeniso kakhulu ngempumelelo ushevu.

Inkosi uCobra Poison

IKing cobra iyakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwethi ubuthi ngenkathi ihlasela, ivale izindunduma zezindlala ezinobuthi ngokuhlangana kwezicubu zomzimba. Inani lobuthi obudliwe buya ngosayizi womuntu ohlukunyezwayo futhi imvamisa cishe li-oda lokuphakama okuphezulu kunethamo elibulalayo. Ubuthi neurotoxin ngokwayo engathathi isinyathelo phezu inyoka uqobo, futhi engakutholi anobuthi lapho ibadla yisisulu oye seyonakaliswe ke. Imvamisa, emizameni yokwesabisa umuntu, inyoka iyaluma “kube munye” ngaphandle kokufaka ubuthi.

Umndeni kaCobra noMerkat

Ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-cobra idinga ubuthi ngokuyinhloko ekuzingeleni, futhi ukulahleka ngengozi noma ngokungadingekile kobuthi kungathandeki. Inkosi cobra Isihlungu kunomphumela ikakhulukazi Neurotoxic. Ubuthi bobuthi buvimba izivumelwano zemisipha, obangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula, ukuboshwa kokuphefumula nokufa. Amandla ayo nevolumu (kuze kufike ku-7 ml) kwanele ukubangela ukufa komuntu emizuzwini eyi-15 ngemuva kokulunywa okugcwele kokuqala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amathuba okufa angadlula i-75%. Kodwa, ikhumbula zonke izici ukuziphatha cobra bobukhosi, ngokuvamile, 10% kuphela Ukulunywa abe yingozi kubantu. Kodwa-ke, kube nezimo lapho ngisho nezindlovu zaseNdiya zifa amahora amathathu kuya amane ngemuva kokulunywa yinkosi, uma ukulunywa kufakwe ekugcineni kwesiqu sesiqu noma eminweni (okuwukuphela kwezitho zomzimba wendlovu ezisengozini yokulunywa yinyoka eNdiya, eNdiya, ukufa okuvela ngokulunywa yinyosi yasebukhosini akuvamile, ukuthi minyaka yonke kusukela ukulunywa yizinyoka ezinobuthi ezweni kubulala abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-50.

Ukufuya ama-cobras

Izimfezi ukuzalela kanye ngonyaka. Ngokuya endaweni yesimo sezulu lapho bahlala khona, isikhathi sokuzala kwabo singaqala kokubili entwasahlobo nasezinyangeni zobusika. Isibonelo, isikhathi se-king cobra mating siqala ngoJanuwari-uFebhuwari. Abesilisa balwela owesimame, kepha kepha musani ukuluma. A cobra owesilisa ungadla ngisho besifazane uma eseke avundiswa othile phambi kwakhe. Ukuhlaselwa kwesandulelo kwandulelwa wukuthandana, lapho owesilisa eqiniseka ukuthi lowesifazane ngeke adle nabo (ne-cobra yasebukhosini).

Ukuphindaphinda izidalwa kuhlala ihora. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-1-3, iningi lama-cobras (ovipositing) lizalela amaqanda, inani lawo liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo futhi lingalingana nezingcezu eziyi-8 noma ezingama-80. eyodwa kuphela zinhlobo, cobra collared, kungokwalabo izilwane bukhoma esindayo. Uletha kuze kube ngama-60 ama-cubs bukhoma ngesikhathi.

Ama-cobras ama-oviparous abeka amaqanda awo esidlekeni samaqabunga namagatsha (ama-cobras amaNdiya nawasebukhosini) akhiwe yibo, emigodini, emifantwini ephakathi kwamatshe. Ububanzi besidleke senkosi cobra bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5, inyoka iyakha egqumeni ukuze amanzi emvula angachithi busiki. Amazinga adingekayo sokuthuthukisa izingane at 24-26 degrees Celsius isekelwa ivolumu elilungile amahlamvu ezibolile.

Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-cobras, insikazi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa, imvamisa kuvikela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo ize ibambe. Ngokushesha ngaphambi ukubonakala izingane, abazali ukukhasa kude nabo ukuze emva eside indlala isiteleka bona adle nabo. Amawundlu avele avele afana ngokuphelele nabamele uhlobo nohlobo, futhi anobuthi. Indawo esongelwa yi-cobra iyinto evusa inzalo, futhi izinyoka ezivele eqandeni amaqanda lapho zibona ingozi, njengoba nje kwenza abantu abadala. Ngosuku lokuqala, izingane zidla izinsalela amaqanda izikhupha, walondoloza ngemva ukuchamisela.

Izitha zemvelo

Naphezu kobuthi obunamandla, ama-cobras nawo anezitha. Izinyoka ezinkulu, ukuqapha izibankwa kungahlasela izilwane ezincane, nama-mongooses nezinyamazane kubantu abadala. Nakuba lezi zilwane akudingeki amasosha omzimba esingokwemvelo cobra Isihlungu, bona deftly inyoka ukunakwa nge lunges zamanga yibo abaphethe ukuthatha umzuzwana bese inflict kokulunywa ebulalayo phezu ngemuva ekhanda. I-cobra ebanjwe endleleni ye-mongoose noma i-meerkat ayinathuba lokusindiswa. Ukuvikela, ama-cobras anamadivayisi amaningi.

Cobra futhi mongoose

Okokuqala, le rack edumile, eyenza indima yesiginali. Yize i-cobra, isinyusele i-hood, iyingozi kakhulu ngokubona komuntu, eqinisweni, ukuziphatha okunjalo kuvumela ukugwema umhlangano ongalindelekile nenyoka futhi ukugweme. Cobra yena, engekho akufezi nje ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela. Okwesibili, uma ubamba noma ucasule i-cobra, ayiqhubeki nokuhlasela. Imvamisa ezimweni ezinjalo, i-reptile ixhumanisa izindlela ezengeziwe zokwesabisa - imisindo ephakeme nezinsimbi zamanga, lapho inyoka ingasebenzisi amazinyo anobuthi. Futhi kuphela uma lokho kungasizi, kungaba ukuthi ukuluma. I-Collared cobra ithathwa njengomunye "wabalingisi" abakhulu kakhulu bezinyoka zomhlaba. Uma kwenzeka ingozi (uma ukukhafulela ubuthi kungasizanga) uphendukela phansi bese, evula umlomo, ngobuhlakani sengathi ufile.

Herpetologists cabangela le nyoka ukuba umnandi kakhulu futhi okungavamile, kodwa ukweluleka Wabasaqalayo ukucabanga kayikhulu ngaphambi kokuqala ke ekhaya. Ubunzima obukhulu bubekwe ekujwayeleni i-cobra yasebukhosini ekudleni okusha: ngeke umondle ngezinyoka, ama-pythons nokuqapha izibankwa.

Inketho enkulu yesabelomali (amagundane) igcwele ubunzima obunye:

• • • nge nokunwetshiwe rat yokudla, isibindi okunamafutha kungenzeka,
    • Ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, amagundane njengokuphakelayo kuthinta kabi imisebenzi yenyoka yokuzala.

Ukushintsha umsoco wecobra ngamagundane kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngesikhathi silwane lokuqala, zingabantu izinyoka zinikwa ithungwe namagundane, elokhu enciphisa inani inyoka inyama. Indlela yesibili ifaka ukugeza isidumbu somugqa kusuka kunephunga bese usigcoba ngocezu lwenyoka. Amagundane awafakwa njengokuphakelayo. izinyoka Adult badinga terrarium nge ubude okungenani 1.2 m Uma cobra likhulu -. kufike ku 3 amamitha (izinsana kufanele amathangi ngokwanele nge ubude 30-40 cm).

Okwe-terrarium okudingeka uyilungiselele:

• • • i-driftwood / amagatsha (ikakhulukazi izinyoka ezincane),
    • ungumthandi elikhulu (obunesihluku uphuze kakhulu)
    • substrate kuya phansi (i-sphagnum, coconut noma iphephandaba).

Gcina izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium lingakapheli + ama-22 + 27 degrees. Khumbula ukuthi inkosi obunesihluku kakhulu othanda umswakama: nomswakama akufanele iwe ngezansi 60-70%. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandelela lezi zinkomba ngesikhathi sokuphamba kwezilwanyana. Futhi ungakhohlwa ngokuqapha ngokweqile phakathi nakho konke ukukhohlakala nenkosi cobra: gqoka amagilavu ​​uyigcine kude.

Cobra esikweni

Kuyajabulisa ukuthi isimo senhlonipho kuma-cobras sakhiwa ngokuqondile lapho kuhlala khona izidalwa ezikhulukazi nezinobuthi - eNdiya, eGibhithe. Iqiniso ngukuthi izakhamizi zala mazwe, zihlanganyela ngokuzithandela insimu ejwayelekile nama-cobras, zifunde kahle amasiko wazo futhi ziyazi ukuthi lezi zinyoka zibikezela, zizolile, ngakho-ke aziyona ingozi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakukhona umsebenzi engavamile a nomthwebuli inyoka. Yathunjwa izibukeli ezifihlayo ezazikwazi ukuphatha izinyoka ukuze ukusabela kwazo okuziphendukayo kungaphenduki ulaka.Ama-cobras ayegqokwa obhasikidi noma emjondolo, evula lapho u-caster eqala ukudlala ipayipi futhi inyoka yabonakala iphuma iyodansa umculo.

Eqinisweni, ama-cobras, njengazo zonke izinyoka, awezithulu, kepha asabela ekushintsheni kwepayipi okulinganiselwe futhi alandelele lesi "sitha" ngokubukeka, ngaphandle kubukeka njengomdanso. Ngokuphatha ngekhono, abasebenza ngezipelingi babehlisa isithunzi senyoka kangangokuba bazivumela ukuthi baqabule inyoka, izingcweti ezingenekhono zazincamela ukungazibeki engcupheni futhi zisuse amazinyo anobuthi ku-cobra. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinkolelo zabantu abaningi, ukukhipha izinyo kwakungejwayelekile. Okokuqala, i-cobra encishwe ubuthi ayikwazi ukubamba nje kuphela, kepha futhi nokugaya inyamazane yayo, okusho ukuthi ihloselwe ukubulawa yindlala kancane. Ukushintsha izinyoka njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuwumsebenzi owengeziwe wabangasebenzi kahle basemgwaqweni. Okwesibili, izibukeli zingacela kumnikazi ukuthi akhombise amazinyo anobuthi be-cobra bese kuthi okhohlisayo abhekane nokudingiswa okuyihloni nokuntuleka kwemali. Kuphela ama-cobras amaNdiya nawaseGibhithe kuphela afunda ukulambisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eNdiya, ama-cobras ayevame ukuhlala emathempelini, ngokungafani nezindawo zokuhlala, akekho owazixosha lapha. UCobras akagcinanga ngokuqonda okwenziwe samuntu futhi futhi waba yindaba yokukhonza, kodwa futhi wenza umsebenzi oyimfihlo wonogada. Amasela wasebusuku, ejaha ingcebo, wayenamathuba onke amnyama ukulunywa yinyoka. Umlando futhi wazi nezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokusebenzisa “ama-cobras. Imvamisa babejikijelwa ekhaya labantu abangavumelani nabo ababefuna ukubhekana nabo ngaphandle komphakathi nokuqulwa kwecala. Kuyaziwa ngokweqiniso ukuthi ngosizo lwe-cobra, iNdlovukazi edume yaseGibhithe uCleopatra washaya impilo yakhe. Namuhla, ama-cobras asabeka ingozi ebantwini. Kuliqiniso, le ngozi ayibangelwa kangako yizinyoka ngokwazo ngokwanda kwezinye izifunda - cishe azikho izindawo emvelweni lapho izingcobras zingafihla khona kubantu.

I-Cobra kumaskandi weTutankhamun

Umakhelwane onjalo uvame ukuguquka ube "yizingxabano", minyaka yonke kusuka ekulimeni kwama-cobras eNdiya (kuye ngezinga elincane e-Afrika), kuze kufe abantu abayinkulungwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokumelene nobuthi be-cobras, kukhona i-antidote eyenziwe kuma-snariums. I-Cobra venom nayo iyindwangu ebalulekile eluhlaza okwenziwa kuyo inqwaba yemithi. Kulokhu, izinyoka ziyabanjwa futhi "zibiliswe ubisi", umuntu oyedwa angakhipha izingxenye eziningi zetyhefu, kepha ubudala bayo abude isikhathi sokudingiswa, ngakho-ke lezi zilwanyana ezidliwayo zidinga ukuvikelwa. Ngakho-ke, i-cobra ese-Central Asia ibhalwe ku-International Red Book.

Ngokucacile imikhuba yama-cobras kanye nobudlelwano bawo nama-mongooses kuchazwe nguRudyard Kipling endabeni "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi".

Incazelo Nezici

Isimo ezolile inyoka ye-cobra hhayi okuphawuleka kakhulu. Imvamisa inemibala ethambile, ikakhulukazi i-tawny, grey and brown-brown. Kuliqiniso, kukhona okuhlukile. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-cobra ebomvu eshayayo ngumbala wesitini esishisiwe, kanti i-cobra yaseNingizimu Afrika icishe ibomvu.

Umzimba walezi zinyoka unomsipha, kepha awugqinsi, ikhanda lilincane. Amazinyo angaphambili anobuthi, isiteshi sobuthi sidlula kubo, sinokuvula ekugcineni kwezinsimbi. Ngemuva kwabo kukhona amazinyo angenabo ubuthi.

Kuwo wonke umzimba, kusukela ekhanda kuye emsileni, kukhona imichilo eshintshashintshayo, njengezindandatho zebhande. I-cobra yase-India ebukekayo, ngasendleleni, kwesinye isikhathi iba nebala elilodwa ku-hood. Ngemuva kwalokho ibizwa ngokuthi i-monocle (i-monocle iyinto engilazi eyodwa yokulungiswa kombono).

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-cobras zibhukuda futhi zigibela izihlahla.

Ukuvikela izitha, ama-cobras anezimpawu ezithile eziyisixwayiso. Lesi yisimo esidumile, izingoma zakhe kanye namanga angamanga. Abaphuthumi ekuhlaseleni umuntu, uma lokhu kungenasidingo. Ukuphula i-hood nokujikisa, i-reptile ayilungele ukuhlasela, kepha kunalokho izama ukuxwayisa. Uma usongo lungadlula, uyaluma.

Cobra esithombeni ku-Intanethi, kuvame ukuboniswa ngesikhathi sokufika kwesixwayiso okunjalo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi uyazivumela ukuthathwa izithombe. Kodwa musa ukuthathwa kakhulu! Ungakukhohlwa lokho inyoka enobuthi, umuntu angathi - ubuthi obulalayo.

Imvamisa, izingxabano ziba njalo ngenxa yokuthi umuntu, enwebisa indawo ahlala kuyo, uhlasela insimu yenyoka. Akukho ndawo angacasha kuyo. Lokhu yimbangela yokushayisana. Minyaka yonke eNdiya, cishe abantu abayinkulungwane bafa ngokulunywa yilezi zidalwa. E-Afrika, kuncane okuncane.

ICobra ingahlasela isuka kude ngemitha

Umbono owemukelwa ngokujwayelekile walezi ezihubhayo ususelwa ekujwayeleni ngama-cobras amangalisayo, asebukhosini nasekholini. Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziyi-16 zalezi zinyoka ziyaziwa, zihlanganiswe yizimpawu ezijwayelekile - ingozi ephezulu kanye nekhono lokukhulisa i- "hood".

Izihlobo zabo zifaka ezinye izidalwa ezinobuthi - ama-aspid, izengezo, ama-mambas, ama-kraits (ezihuquzelayo ezinobuthi ezivela emndenini we-aspid), ama-taipans (ezihuquzelayo ezivela kwabaswele, ubuthi babo cishe bunobuthi obuphindwe kaningi kune-cobra ubuthi) nabanye. Zonke izinhlobo zama-cobras azincane ngobukhulu. Enye yezinto ezincane kunazo zonke i-Angolan cobra, efinyelela ku-1.5 m ubude.

Okukhulu kakhulu kubhekwa njenge-cobra yasebukhosini noma i-hamadriad. Ubukhulu bayo buyamangalisa - 4.8-5,5 m. Kepha ngokungafani nezinyoka ezinkulu ezinobuthi - ama-boas nama-pythons, akubukeki kukhulu. Kunalokho iyamamatheka futhi iyasebenza ngempela. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-16 kg. I-Cobra ingahlukaniswa ngombandela hhayi ngendawo yokuhlala, kepha ngezici zayo ezihlukanisayo.

1. Ama-cobras ama-Shchobovye, njengazo zonke lezi zinto ezilandelayo, ahlobana nama-cobras ama-acid. Azinayo i-hood enkulu kakhulu, kepha isihlangu somhlathi siyanwetshwa, ukuze zikwazi ukugaya umhlaba ngifuna inyamazane.

2. Ama-cobras wamanzi abizwa kanjalo ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yasemanzini esezingeni eliphansi. Mhlawumbe yibona kuphela abadla izinhlanzi. Bahlala e-Afrika.

3. Ama-cobras anemibala, umbala ompunga, eduze kwekhanda elimnyama, njengekhola. Umehluko wabo omkhulu ukuthi emhlathini ongenhla awekho amanye amazinyo ngemuva kobuthi. Futhi ikhophi lase-Afrika.

4. INkosi uCobra okumangalisa kakhulu kulezi zinyoka. Izimpilo eNdiya, Indonesia, Philippines nasePakistan. Phakathi kwama-cobras kubhekwa njengesibindi eside, ingaphila iminyaka engama-30. Kuyo yonke impilo, ukuthola ukukhula.

5. Ama-cobras amahlathi noma ama-cobras esihlahla, njengoba igama lisho, ahlala ezihlahleni ezisehlathini ze-Equatorial Africa. Zivelela ngamehlo amakhulu amakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa namanye ama-cobras, kepha zinamachaphaza namazinyo amancanyana.

6. Desert cobra - inyoka enendaba. Ibizwa ngokuthi "inyoka kaCleopatra." Indlovukazi yayisebenzisa ekufeni kwayo, ngenxa yesenzo esisheshayo sobuthi balenyoka. Simnyama, sicwebezela, simbozwe esikalini esincane, sihlala eGibhithe kanye namazwe ase-Middle East. UmGibhithe i-cobra emnyama - inyoka enobuthi ngokweqile. Ubuhlungu baso busebenza ngokushesha ukwedlula ubuthi bephimpi wasebukhosini. Kungakapheli nemizuzu eyi-15, ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwezitho zokuphefumula.

7. Ukhafulela cobras usebenzisa indlela engajwayelekile yokubulala isisulu. Azilumi, kepha zikhafulela, zidubula ngokoqobo ubuthi lapho zibanjwa. "Ilebuli" yazo kunazo zonke ibhekwa njenge-Indian spitting cobra. I-cobra yase-Collared yase-Afrika nayo inaleli khono. Isiteshi esinobuthi kulaba bantu abakhamba sinomphumela ongaphambili wezinyo.

Bahluza izindlala zabo ezinobuthi, futhi uketshezi olunobuthi luyakhutshwa njengephampu. Inyoka idutshulwe kaningi, njengomshini ozenzakalelayo. Ngasikhathi sinye singakhiqiza isibhamu esingu-28! Ingafinyelela ibanga le-2 m, futhi ishaye ilitshe ngosayizi wohlamvu lwemali lwejubili. Lokhu akwenzeki ngengozi. Akwanele ukufafaza umzimba wohlukunyezwa. Izimpawu ezihuquzelayo esweni. Isisulu siphulukana nekhono lokuzulazula, sesivele siphelile.

Cobra - incazelo nesithombe. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-cobra?

Ubude be-cobra buya ngeminyaka yesilwane sokuphilayo. Lezi zinyoka zikhula yonke impilo yazo, futhi isikhathi eside lapho sezikhona, iba nkulu.

Kusukela kumarekhodi aqoshiwe kuyaziwa ukuthi i-cobra encane kunazo zonke yiMozambikhi (lat. Najamossambica), ubude obujwayelekile besilwane esidala esiphilayo yi-0.9-11.05 m, nobude obude bufika ku-1.54 m. I-cobra enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yinkosi (lat. Ophiophagus hannah), efinyelela usayizi omkhulu wamamitha angama-5.85 nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-12.

Ngakwesobunxele kukhona i-cobra yaseMozambiki, ngakwesokudla kukhona i-cobra yasebukhosini. Ababhali besithombe (ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla): UBernard DUPONT, CC BY-SA 2.0, uMichael Allen Smith, CC BY-SA 2.0

Esimweni esizolile, ama-cobras kunzima ukuwahlukanisa kwezinye izinyoka.Ngokucasulwa, bathatha ukuma okubonakalayo: baphakamise imizimba yabo ephezulu ngaphezu komhlaba, bandise izigaba zomlomo wesibeletho kanye nengxenye, zidala ukukhohlisa kwevolumu.

Ngenxa yemisipha yokuqina, amabanga ama-8 wezimbambo ezihuquzelayo ayanda futhi akha lokho okubizwa nge-hood, okuhlukanisa ama-cobras kwezinye izinyoka. By indlela, sibonga hood ukuthi cobras ukuxosha isitha.

Umbala we-cobras uyasebenza. Izinhlobo zasogwadule zinesihlabathi ophuzi, ama-Woody anombala oluhlaza okotshani, izakhamizi zezindawo ezigcwele izitshalo zixubekile. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho kutholakala khona izitshalo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, kuvela izinhlobo ezigqamile: i-coral cobra (lat. I-aspidelaps lubricus) kanye nokubhoboza obomvu okwenziwe cobra (lat. Naja pallida) Inyoka Ebabazekayo (lat. Naja naja) ihlotshiswe ngemibuthano ekhanyayo ohlangothini lwe-dorsal lomzimba ophezulu. Isici esibonakalayo sama-cobras ubukhona bemivimbo emnyama noma engaphezulu edluliselwa ngobumnyama, ebonakalayo enamandla entanyeni.

Ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla: ama-coral cobra (lat. Aspidelaps lubricus), obomvu amathe cobra (lat. Naja pallida), inyoka yombukeli (lat. Naja naja). Ababhali besithombe (ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla): Ryanvanhuyssteen, CC BY-SA 3.0, Pogrebnoj-Alexandroff, CC BY 2.5, Jayendra Chiplunkar, CC BY-SA 3.0

Ikhanda le-cobra liyindilinga ngaphambili, liyisicaba kusuka phezulu, limbozwe ngezihlangu ezingekho emathangeni. Ngaphandle kwentamo, ingena kahle emzimbeni. Isikali esingemuva kwesidalwa esihlelekile, futhi uhlangothi lwe-ventral lumbozwe ngezihlangu zokukhanya ezikhuliswe kakhulu.

Amehlo e-cobra amnyama, mancane futhi awazibandakanyi, embozwe ngefilimu elivele obala elakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwamajwabu amehlo. Vikelwe kahle othulini nasekulahlekelweni ngumswakama, kepha ngenxa yalokhu kuhlanganiswa, umbono we-cobra awucaci kahle. Ifilimu lamehlo liphuma nesikhumba ngesikhathi sokuncibilika.

Ezinyoka zasemini, ezinjengama-cobras, imbobo yamehlo inesimo esiyindilinga.

Umhlathi ongenhla wenyoka uhlomile ngobukhulu obanele (6 mm ezinhlotsheni zaseCentral Asia), amazinyo abukhali, anoshevu. Amazinyo e-cobra awekho mude ngokwanele, futhi ngenxa yalokho okuhuqayo kuyaphoqelelwa ukuwabamba ngokuqinile ukukhipha ukuluma okuningi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokwesakhiwo sezinto ezinobuthi, abamele umndeni we-aspid bangabanye bezinyoka ze-prothoracic (protoglyph). Amazinyo abo anobuthi angaphambi komhlathi omncane omncane, kubonakala ukuthi "umthungo" ungaphandle kwangaphandle, kanti ubuthi abuphumi eceleni kwasesitolo buvela ngaphandle, kepha ngaphakathi izinyo lesiteshi esinobuthi. Amazinyo ahlala enyakaza emhlathini. Ngenxa yendawo yazo elula nezitho zokukhiqiza ubuthi eziphelele, ukulunywa kwe-cobra kuyabulala.

Ngemuva kwalezinyo, izinyoka ezinobuthi zinezinye ezithatha indawo yazo ezinkulu lapho zilimele. Ingqikithi yamazinyo ama-3-5 wamazinyo atholakale emhlathini ongenhla we-cobras. Zinobukhali, zacile, zigobekile emuva futhi azihloselwe ukudwengula nokuhlafuna. I-Cobras iginya isisulu sonke.

Isitho somqondo, esibaluleke kakhulu izinyoka, sihlaziya ngamakhemikhali (isitho sikaJacobson, esinemigodi emibili kululwelwesi lwesikhumba esiphakeme) sihlanganiswa nolimi. Ulimi olude, olunqenqemeni, nolugobekile lwe-cobra luyaphuma, luthuthumele emoyeni noma luzizwe izinto eduze kwalo, bese liphinda lufihle esihlangeni somhlathi ongaphezulu oholela entweni kaJacobson. Ngakho-ke isilwane sihlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuyo yonke into eseduze noma kude, sikhomba inyamazane, noma ngabe ingxenye encane yezinto zayo ikhona emoyeni. Lesi sitho sizwela kakhulu, ngosizo lwayo inyoka ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile ithola isisulu, umlingani wokulinganisa noma imithombo yamanzi.

Ama-cobras anomqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga. Amakhala abo asohlangothini olungaphambili lwesigebhezi. Azinandlebe yangaphandle, futhi ngomqondo wokuthi sesijwayele, ama-cobras awazizwa, ngoba awaboni ukunyakaza komoya. Kepha ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwendlebe yangaphakathi, bacosha ngisho nokudlidliza okuncane komhlaba. Izinyoka aziphenduli ukukhala kwendoda, kodwa siqaphele ngokuphelele isitembu sayo.

I-Cobras molt isuka kane kuye kayi-6 ngonyaka ikhule yonke impilo yabo. Ukuhlanza kuthatha izinsuku eziyishumi.Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoka zifihla ezindaweni zokukhosela, ngoba imizimba yazo iba sengozini.

Ahlala kuphi ama-cobras?

Izinyoka ezine "hood" yizakhamizi ze-Old World (i-Asia, i-Afrika). Ziyi-thermophilic kakhulu futhi azikwazi ukubakhona lapho iqhwa likhona. Okuhlukile yi-Central Asia cobra: enyakatho, indawo ehlala kuyo ifaka phakathi ingxenye yeTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan neTajikistan. E-Afrika, ama-cobras atholakala ezweni lonke. ICobras ibuye ihlale eSouth, West, East kanye ne-Asia Ephakathi, ePhilippine naseSunda Islands. Bathanda izindawo ezomile: amasoseji, ogwadule, ogwadule. Okungatholakali kakhulu emahlathini ashisayo, ezintabeni kuya ekuphakameni kwama-2400 m., Ezigodini zemifula. E-Russia, ama-cobras awahlali.

Ama-cobras ayizinyoka ezihamba nendlwana, angakwazi ukukhamba ngezihlahla nokubhukuda. Ziyasebenza ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku, kodwa ogwadule azikho ebusuku. Ijubane elijwayelekile le-cobra lingama-6 km ngehora. Ngeke akwazi ukuthola umuntu obalekayo, kepha lesi yisitatimende sokuzikhohlisa, ngoba ama-cobras akakaze akhathaze abantu. Indoda ingabamba inyoka kalula.

Ngabe i-cobra idlani?

Ama-cobras amaningi adla izinyamazane, adla ama-amphibians (amasele, ubuhlalu), izinyoni (umhlaba odla ama-passerines amancane, izimbuzi), ezihuqayo (kaningi kunezinye izinyoka, izinyoni ezivame kakhulu), izilwane ezincelisayo (izinduku), izinhlanzi. Bangadla amaqanda wezinyoni. Ezinye izinhlobo azilahli i-carrion.

Ukuhlukaniswa kweCobra

Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingama-37 zezinyoka ezingakhulisa intamo ngesimo se-hood. Bonke bangabomndeni Aspida, kepha ngohlobo lwayo oluhlukile. Okulandelayo ukuhlukaniswa kwama-cobras ngokuya nge-site reptile-database.org (lango-03/22/2018):

Umndeni wama-Aspids (lat. Elapidae)

• IGenus Collar cobras (lat. IHemachatus)
  • Thayipha i-Collar cobra (lat. IHemachatus haemachatus)
• IGenus Scarabidae cobras (lat. Aspidelaps)
  • Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezicucu zaseNingizimu Afrika (lat. I-aspidelaps lubricus)
  • Izinhlobo Cobra ejwayelekile (lat. Aspidelaps scutatus)
• IGenus King Cobras (lat. I-Ophiophagus)
  • Bheka iKing Cobra (Hamadriad) (lat. Ophiophagus hannah)
• IGenus Forest cobras, noma izinkuni cobras (lat. I-Pseudohaje)
  • Izinhlobo zemvelo zohlobo lwe-cobra (lat. Pseudohaje golide)
  • Izinhlobo Western cobra, noma umuthi omnyama cobra (lat. I-Pseudohajei-nigra)
• Uhlobo lweGenert Desert Cobras (lat. I-Walterinnesia)
  • Bheka i-cobra yasogwadule yaseGibhithe (lat. I-Walterinnesia aegyptia)
  • Buka Walterinnesia morgani
• Uhlobo lweCobra (noma i-Real Cobra) (lat. Naja)
  • Izinhlobo Angolan cobra (lat. Naja anchietae)
  • Izinhlobo Ringed cobra (lat. Naja annulata)
  • Izinhlobo Ezimthende cobra waseGibhithe (lat. Najaannulifera)
  • Izinhlobo Arabian cobra (lat. Najai-arabica)
  • Izinhlobo Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezicijela amathe cobra (lat. Naja ashei)
  • Izinhlobo Chinese cobra (lat. Naja atra)
  • Bheka Amanzi cobra Christie (lat. Naja christyi)
  • Thayipha i-cobra yaseGibhithe (lat. Naja haje)
  • Bheka iMonocle Cobra (lat. Naja kaouthia)
  • Izinhlobo Mobi cobra, Westful cobra cobra (lat. Naja katiensis)
  • Bheka uMandalay ekhipha cobra (lat. Najamandalayensis)
  • Izinhlobo Ezimnyama nezimhlophe cobra (lat. Naja melanoleuca)
  • Bheka i-cobra yaseMozambiki (lat. Naja mossambica)
  • Buka Naja multifasciata
  • Bheka i-cobra yaseNdiya, inyoka yombukwane (lat. Naja naja)
  • Izinhlobo Western cpra cobra (lat. INaja nigricincta)
  • Thayipha i-cobra yaseCape (lat. Naja nivea)
  • Izinhlobo Cobra-ezinenhliziyo emnyama (lat. Naja nigricollis)
  • Izinhlobo uNubian akhafulela cobra (lat. Naja nubiae)
  • Izinhlobo Asia Central cobra (lat. Naja oxiana)
  • Izinhlobo Red cobra, noma red cobra (lat. Naja pallida)
  • Buka Naja peroescobari
  • Thayipha i-cobra ye-Philippine (lat. Naja philippinensis)
  • Izinhlobo Andaman cobra (lat. Naja sagittifera)
  • Izinhlobo South Philippine cobra, Samara cobra, noma Petros cobra (lat. Naja samarensis)
  • Izinhlobo Senegalese cobra (lat. Najasenegalensis)
  • Izinhlobo Siamese cobra, Indochinese ikhafulela cobra (lat. Naja siamensis)
  • Bheka Ukuphonsa i-cobra yaseNdiya (lat. Naja sputatrix)
  • Thayipha i-Sumatran cobra (lat. Naja sumatrana)

Izinhlobo zama-cobras, amagama nezithombe

• King cobra (hamadriad) (lat.Ophiophagus hannah) - Le inyoka enkulu enobuthi emhlabeni. Iningi labaphembeleli bemvelo bakholelwa ukuthi umqondo wenkosi cobra ufaka imininingwane ethile engaphansi, ngoba lesi silo esidlangileleni sisakazeke kakhulu. Inyoka ihlala eSoutheast naseNingizimu Asia. Kuhlala i-India eningizimu ye-Himalayas, eningizimu yeChina kuya eHainan, eBhutan, e-Indonesia, eMyanmar, eNepal, eBangistan, eCambodia, ePakistan, eSingapore, eLaos, eThailand, eVietnam, eMalawi, nasePhilippines. Kutholakala emahlathini anamakha aminyene kanye nesembozo sotshani, okuvamisile ukwehla cishe lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Ubukhulu benkosi endala cobra ingamamitha ayi-3-4, umuntu ngamunye ukhula abe ngamamitha angama-5.85 ubude. Isisindo esijwayelekile senkosi cobra singamakhilogremu ayi-6, kepha abantu abakhulu bangaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-12.Inyoka endala inomzimba omnqumo omnyama noma onsundu onamakhandlela akhanyayo noma agudluzayo, umsila usuka kumnqumo omnyama uye kumnyama. Abantu abasha bavame ukuba nsundu noma babe mnyama ngombala omhlophe noma ophuzi ophuzi. Isisu senyoka ukhilimu okhanyayo noma ophuzi. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-cobra yasebukhosini siyizengezo ezi-6 ezengeziwe engxenyeni ye-occipital yekhanda, ehlukile ngombala.

Inkosi cobra ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi emhlabathini, yize igibela ngempumelelo izihlahla futhi ibhukuda ngobuhlakani. Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, imvamisa ukuzingela uhlobo lwayo, idla izinyoka ezinobuthi futhi ezingezona ezinobuthi (i-cobras, i-boig, i-kraits, i-kufiy, i-pythons, izinyoka), kwesinye isikhathi i-cobra idla amawundlu ayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela zoshintsho lungadliwa yisibungu.

Lolu hlobo lwe-ovipositor. Ekuqaleni, insikazi yakhela “isidleke”, ikha amaqabunga kanye namagatsha abe yinqwaba phambi komzimba wayo. Lapho ubeka amaqanda awamboze ngamahlamvu avuthayo avela phezulu. Uqobo lwayo lubekwa eduzane, luqapha ngentshiseko inzalo yesikhathi esizayo kunoma ngubani, ongazi, afune ukusondela kuye. Kwesinye isikhathi ubaba naye ubamba iqhaza esivikelweni. Amacube azalwa enobukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-50, anesikhumba esikhanyayo, kungathi aboshwe ngentambo irayisi nomhlophe.

Isihlungu senkosi cobra sinamandla kakhulu: nezindlovu ziyafa ngokuluma kwaso. Umuntu olunywe yinkosi i-cobra angafa kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30. Isilwane esijabulisayo sixwayisa ngentshiseko izitha ezisondela kuye, zikhipha ukubhoboza umsipha, zisebenzise i- “cobra pose”, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zikhuphuka imitha eli-1 ngaphezulu kwamanye ama-cobras futhi zingahambi ziluhlangothini (ngokunenkani). Uma umuntu obonile ukuthi inyoka ibeka amanzi endaweni yakhe, i-cobra izola bese ibamba. Inyoka ayinasineke futhi ayisizi ngalutho kuphela uma umuntu esondele esidlekeni sayo.

• Inyoka Ebabazekayo (i-Indian cobra) (lat.Naja naja) uhlala emazweni ase-Asia: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan, Southern China.

Ubude benyoka buqhamuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-2 m, isisindo sifinyelela ku-5-6 kg. Unekhanda eliyindilinga ngaphambili, ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwentamo okubonakalayo, liphenduka libe ngumzimba ombozwe izikali ezibushelelezi. I-cobra yaseNdiya ipendwe ngokukhanyayo, yize umbala kanye nephethini yabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezihlukile ingahluka kakhulu. Kukhona abantu abaphuzi-grey, abamnyama nabansundu. Ingxenye yesisu ingaba nsundu ngokuphuzi noma mpunga okhanyayo. Abantu abasha bahlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshashintshashintshashintshi, abaneminyaka yobudala, ekuqaleni bashintshashintsha, bese banyamalala ngokuphelele.

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-Indian cobra iyiphathini emhlophe noma yobisi ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba, olubonakala kuphela lapho kuvulwa i-hood - lezi yizindawo ezinobumba obunjengamehlo noma izibuko. Le divayisi isiza i-cobra ukuthi igweme ukuhlaselwa izisulu ezivela ngemuva.

• I-Central Asia cobra (lat. Naja oxiana) Kutholakala eTajikistan, eTurkmenistan, e-Uzbekistan, e-Iran, e-Afghanistan, eNdiya, ePakistan naseKyrgyzstan. Ifihla phakathi kwamatshe, emiseleni yamagundane, emigodini, phakathi kwezimila ezingandile, ngemifula, emanxiweni ezakhiwo ze-anthropogenic. Lihlala ekujuleni kogwadule owomile.

Lesi sihlahla sobuthi esinobuthi sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,8 ngosayizi futhi sihlukaniswa ukungabikho kwephethini ngesimo sezibuko ohlangothini lwe-dorsal entanyeni .. Umbala wangemuva we-cobra uhluka kusuka kumnyama onsundu kuya ku-beige elula, isisu senyoka siphuzi ngemithende emnyama, emincane futhi ikhanya lapho abantu abasha. Lapho i-reptile ikhula, imivimbo engxenyeni yesisu ithathelwa indawo ngamabala noma amachashazi. Izinhlobo azakhi amaqembu amakhulu, futhi entwasahlobo kusayithi elilodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthola abantu abangaphezu kwama-2-3. Entwasahlobo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ama-cobras ase-Central Asia azingela ntambama. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, zibonakala kuphela ekuseni nakusihlwa okupholile. Ekwindla, zingatholakala kaningi kakhulu, kepha ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku. I-cobra izingela izinyoni, ama-amphibians, izinduku ezincane, izirhubuluzi (izibankwakazi, izintambo zezintambo, i-ef). Udla amaqanda enyoni.Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala entwasahlobo, kuthi ngoJulayi i-cobra ibeke amaqanda ayi-8-12 ama-35 mm ubude. NgoSepthemba, izingane ezinobukhulu obuyi-30 cm ziyavela kubo.

Ubuthi be-Central Asia cobra bunomphumela obizwa ngokuthi yi-neurotoxic. Isilwane, esilunywe yibo, siba yisifo esibulalayo, bese kuvela imfashini kuso, siphefumula ngokushesha. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwamaphaphu. Kepha i-cobra ayivami ukuluma, kuphela lapho ibopha. Ekuqaleni, uhlala ethatha isibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso, imisindo futhi anikeze ohlaseli ithuba lokuhamba. Noma umhlaseli engabuyeli phansi, okokuqala wenza ukuluma okungelona iqiniso - masinyane asishaye bese eshaya isitha ebusweni ngomlomo wakhe uvalwe ngci. Ngakho-ke uvikela amazinyo akhe abalulekile ekuqhekekeni okungenzeka futhi uvikela ubuthi bokukhipha kwangempela.

• Ukhafulela i-cobra yaseNdiya (lat. Naja sputatrix) uhlala e-Indonesia (esiQhingini Esincane Sunda: iJava, iBali, iSulawesi, iLombok, iSumbawa, iFlores, iKomodo, i-Alor, neLomblin).

Unekhanda elibanzi elinesigaqa sentamo, isizalo esifushane esinamakhala amakhulu namehlo amakhulu. Umbala womzimba uqinile - umnyama, mpunga omnyama noma onsundu. I-hood ilula kusuka ohlangothini lwe-ventral. Ubude obujwayelekile benyoka bungama-1,3 m; i-cobra inesisindo esingaphansi kuka-3 kg.

Inyoka iphonsa ubuthi buqonde kulowo ohlaselayo buqamamitha ayi-2, izama ukungena emehlweni akhe. Amazinyo anobuthi be-cobra eshayayo anesakhiwo esithile. Ukuvulwa kwangaphandle komuthi waso lobuhlungu kuqondiswe phambili, hhayi phansi. I-reptile inj injile ubuthi ngokuqina okuqinile kwemisipha ekhethekile. Indiza ishaya ilitshe ngokunembile. Lesi sidalwa esijikelezayo sisebenzisa le ndlela yokuzivikela kuphela ekuzivikeleni ezitheni ezinkulu. Ubuthi be-Cobra obungena emehlweni buye bucasule ukufinyazwa igobolondo langaphandle lamehlo futhi ngale ndlela kumise umhlaseli. Uma ungawagezi amehlo akho ngamanzi, khona-ke kungenzeka ukulahleka okuphelele kombono.

• I-cobra yaseGibhithe, i-gaya, noma i-aspid yeqiniso (lat. Naja haje) uhlala enyakatho ye-Afrika kanye naseNhlonhlweni Yase-Arabia (eY Yemen). Ukuphila ezintabeni, ogwadule, izitebhisi nasezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu.

I-aspid yangempela ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-2,5 futhi inesisindo esingama-3 kg; “i-” hood ”yayo ngendlela enwetshiwe imfishane kunaleyo cobra yaseNdiya. Umbala wohlangothi lwe-dorsal lwe-cobra uqinile - onsundu omnyama, onsundu ngokubomvu, onsundu grey noma ophuzi okhanyayo, ohlangothini lwesisu lwesikhumba esimnandi. Imivimbo emnyama eminingana ebanzi entanyeni ivele ibonakale lapho inyoka ithatha indawo yokuxwayisa. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisencane ziqhakazile futhi zihlotshiswe ngendandatho ebanzi ephuzi futhi emnyama.

IGaya iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, ama-cobras adla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izirhubuluzi, ama-amphibians nezinyoni. Inyoka ingabhukuda futhi igibele izihlahla.

• I-cobra emnyama (ne-black-neched) cobra (lat. Naja nigricollis) aziwa ngokukwazi ukudubula ngokunembile ubuthi emehlweni omhlaseli. Kukhona inyoka esifundeni esiseningizimu ne-Afrika esishisayo - ukusuka eSenegal kuya eSomalia naseAngola eningizimu-mpumalanga.

Ubude bomzimba bufika kumamitha ama-2, isisindo se-cobra sifinyelela ku-4 kg. Umbala - kusuka onsundu okhanyayo ube nsundu omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ngemivimbo ecwebezelayo. Intamo nomphimbo zimnyama, zivame ngentambo emhlophe eshintshashintshayo.

Esimweni sokucasulwa, i-cobra ingadubula ubuthi kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-28 zilandelana, ikhiphe ingxenye ethile ka-3.7 mg. Ushaya ngqo ilitshe, kepha kwesinye isikhathi udidanisa izinto ezicwebezelayo ngamehlo akhe - amabhulukwe amabhulukwe, ukudayela kwamawashi, njll. Ubuhlungu be-cobra emnyama abubangeli ukuvuvukala, kepha uma bungena emehlweni, buzonikeza ukulahleka kwesikhashana kombono. Befunda inqubo yokuphonsa ubuthi kulolu hlobo lwe-cobra, ososayensi bathola ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwemisipha ekhethekile, umnyango we-trachea we-reptile uvaliwe. Lokhu kunikeza indiza eqondisiwe yejethi, engahanjiswa ngokugeleza komoya.

I-cobra ithungatha izinduku ezincane, izibankwa, izinyamazane nezinyoni. Njengoba ehlala endaweni eshisa kakhulu yeplanethi, umatasa kakhulu ebusuku, ecashe emigodini yezihlahla, emigodini ye-termite, emiseleni yezilwane phakathi nosuku. Lesi isilwane esikhipha umkhovu etsheni: singaba amaqanda ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwangama-20 nge-clutch.

• I-cobra emnyama nomhlophe (lat. Naja melanoleuca) uhlala eCentral nase West Africa: kusuka e-Ethiopia naseSomalia empumalanga kuya eSenegal, eGuinea naseGabon entshonalanga, kusuka eMozambiki, e-Angola, eZambia naseZimbabwe eningizimu kuya eMali, eChad naseNiger enyakatho. Ukuphila ehlathini, i-savannah, ezintabeni kufinyelela kumamitha angama-2800 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ingagibela izihlahla.

Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lomzimba we-cobra yalolu hlobo luphuzi ngemivimbo emnyama namabala angenamikhawulo angeneme ngendlela efanelekile. Abantu abadala banombala onsundu noma onsundu ngensimbi yensimbi egrey nomsila omnyama. Izirhubuluzi ezincane zinombala omnyama ngombala omfishane omfishane. Ubude be-cobra buvame ukufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2, okuvame ukutholakala abantu bamamitha ayi-2,7.

I-reptile ayikhafuleli ubuthi. Ngokwemvelo, inyoka ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-12, kanti ikhoba linempilo eyi-29 yeminyaka. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisebenzayo phakathi nosuku, zidla izinhlanzi, namagundane, ama-amphibians, izinyoni, ziqapha izibankwa nezinye izikhala. Isihlungu saso singesesibili phakathi kwezinyoka zase-Afrika ngemuva kwesihlungu seCape Cobra. Uzalela amaqanda angama-26 emiseleni yezilwane, ezihlahleni ezingenalutho. Amajaha angama-35-40 cm ubude avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-55-70.

• ICape Cobra (lat. Naja nivea) uhlala eLesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Botswana. Incamela amathafa asogwadule, asemaqeleni nasezintabeni, ihlala ezindaweni zokuhlala.

Le inyoka enobuthi, uhlangothi olungaphansi lwentamo yalo luvame ukuhlotshiswa ngentambo emsundu. Umbala we-cobra ungaba ophuzi we-amber, ophuzi okhanyayo, wethusi, onsundu, ithusi, ithafa noma onezinsimbi. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buhluka kusuka ku-1,2 kuye ku-1.5 m, yize kukhona abantu abafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,8 noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kokuphamba inyamazane, i-carrion idla. Iyazingela phakathi nosuku, kepha ngezinsuku ezishisayo iyasebenza kusihlwa futhi ingena ezindlini zabantu ifuna amagundane namagundane. Ubuthi bayo bubhekwa njengobunamandla e-Afrika. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-20.

• I-cobra enamanzi enamanzi (lat. Naja annulata) - Lesi isilwane esinobuthi esinekhanda elincane nomzimba ominyene ongaba ngu-2.7 m ubude nesisindo esingu-3 kg. Ubude obujwayelekile bezilwane zasendle esidala buyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-1.4 no-2.2 m. Uhlangothi lwasemuva lwesilwane esihuquzelayo sakhiwe, lumbozwe ngemicu ekhanyayo. Ukungena ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-25, ubamba izinhlanzi futhi azidle kuphela. Ngokujwayelekile, kudla amaxoxo, ubuhlalu namanye ama-amphibians. Kungaba ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eyi-10.

I-cobra enamanzi enamathambo ihlala eCameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Tanzania, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, Angola. Indawo yokuhlala yenyoka ifaka imifula namachibi, lapho ichitha khona isikhathi sayo esiningi, kanye nezindawo eziseduze: ogwini nezihlahla ezimbozwe ngamabhasi nezihlahla, kanye nama-savannah.

• Collared cobra (lat. IHemachatus haemachatus) bebodwa kuhlobo oluhlukile ngenxa yezici ezithile ezibalulekile zokuhlukanisa. Ngokungafani namanye ama-cobras, akanawo amanye amazinyo ngemuva kwamazinyo anobuthi. Lokhu akuyona inyoka ende, efinyelela kubukhulu obungu-1.5 m, nengxenye emnyama noma emnyama, lapho imichilo ebanzi isakazeka khona. Izinhlobo ezimnyama zokuphindaphindeka zivame ukutholakala, kepha ikhanda kanye nengaphansi kwentamo yalesi zilwanyana ezihuquzelayo zihlala zimnyama ngokuphelele, futhi imichilo emnyama ephuzi nokhrimu itholakala esiswini. Cishe ezinhlotsheni ezimnyama ngokuphelele, kuhlala kukhona indwangu ekhanyayo entanyeni. I-hood yale nyoka enobuthi imincane impela.

UCollared cobra uhlala eSouth Africa (Zimbabwe, Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland). Lapha, ngekhono lakhe lokufafaza ubuthi, wayeqanjwa ngokuthi "ispark slang" - inyoka eshayo.

• I-Monocle Cobra (lat. Naja kaouthia) - Inyoka ebeka iqanda eChina, eCambodia, eMyanmar, eNdiya, eThailand, eLaos, eMalaysia, eBhutan, eBanglandi, eVietnam, kanti futhi kukholakala ukuthi itholakala eNepal. Isilwane esihuquzelayo sesibhukuda ngokuphelele, sihlala emathafeni, emahlathini nasemasimini, nasezintabeni, sinqamula emadlelweni nasezihlathini zerayisi, futhi singahlala eduze namadolobhana nemizana.Isilwane siyasebenza kokubili emini nasebusuku, kepha sikhetha ukuzingela ebusuku.

Ekhanda lenyoka enobuthi kuyisiyingi esisodwa esikhanyayo, futhi hhayi ezimbili, njengezinye izinyoka ezihlasimulisayo. Ubude obujwayelekile bezilwane ezihuquzelayo yi-1,2-1,5 m, ubude obukhulu buyi-2.1 m. Kunabantu abane-cream-grey, ephuzi nombala omnyama. IMonoclean cobra inovalo impela futhi inolaka ngokwemvelo.

• Siamese cobra (lat. Naja siamensis) uhlala endaweni yaseVietnam, iThailand, iCambodia neLaos. Ngokweminye imibiko, iyatholakala naseMyanmar. Izilwane ezifuywayo zihlala ezigodini eziphansi, emagqumeni, emathafeni nasehlathini, kwesinye isikhathi zisondela lapho kuhlala khona umuntu.

Ubukhulu obujwayelekile benyoka enobuthi ngu-1,2-1.3 m, ubukhulu buyi-1,6 m. Ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyabonakala. Empumalanga yeThailand, ama-cambras ama-Siamese angamnqumo ngokulinganayo, aluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu okhanyayo. Maphakathi nezwe kuhlala izakhamuzi ezinombala ohlukile noma odlulayo ngombala omnyama nomhlophe ngesimo sokushintshana kwemivimbo. Entshonalanga yeThailand, lolu hlobo lwe-cobras lumnyama ngombala. Iphethini eku-hood ihlukile kubo. Kungaba imbobo-V noma i-U.

I-Siamese cobra i-ovipositing, isebenza ebusuku.

• I-South Africa Flap Cobra (lat. I-aspidelaps lubricus) - Wokuhlala eningizimu ye-Angola, Namibia kanye nase Cape of South Africa.

Le inyoka enobuthi ephuma ezinsikeni ezisuka ku-0,45 iye ku-0.7 m ubude, nekhanda eliyindilinga, elimbozwe ngaphambili kusuka ngaphezulu ngezihlangu ezinkulu ezingunxantathu. Ikhanda le-cobra libomvu ngemivimbo emnyama emibili, elinye lidlula emakhaleni liye emqheleni, linqwabelana emehlweni, elinye, lidlulile, liwela owokuqala esezingeni lentamo. Umzimba we-cobra upinki, uphuzi noma owolintshi, ohlukaniswe izindandatho ezimnyama eziphambanayo.

I-cobra yaseNingizimu Afrika iyisilwane sasebusuku esihlala emiseleni noma ngaphansi kwamadwala, sikhetha ugwadule oluyindawo nezindawo ezinesihlabathi. Ukudla kweCobra ngama-vertebrates amancane, ikakhulukazi ama-repitles.

Izitha zeCobra ngokwemvelo

Ama-cobras asemasha futhi ajwayele ukudliwa adliwe yizibungu, ukuqwayiza izinyoka. Circaetus gallicus), izingulube zasendle. Ezinye izinyoka futhi zidla izinyamazane, ikakhulukazi, i-cobra yasebukhosini ngokukhethekile kulokhu. Kodwa izitha ezisebenza kakhulu futhi ezingenakufinyeleleka kwama-cobras emvelweni ama-meerkats nama-mongooses. Azinakho ukuzivikela kwangaphakathi ebuhlungu balezi zinyoka, zinqoba kuphela ngenxa yobuchopho babo nengqondo.

Ukulunywa yiCobra: Izimpawu nemiphumela

Ngenxa yobukhulu bamazinyo, ama-cobras ajwayele ukwenza "ukuluma owomile" (ngesikena), bese ubuthi bawo bungangeni emzimbeni womuntu. Ama-cobras wangempela enza ukulunywa okungenamqondo okunjalo ngaphezulu kwamacala angama-50%.

Ubuthi bama-aspid (ama-cobras nawo angawomndeni) unezinto ezinemizwa. Imisa isinali kusuka kuseli yezinzwa kuya emisipha futhi ibonakala ngomphumela oqondile kuseli ngayinye ngazinye. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana ayeka ukuqondana futhi enze umsebenzi wawo.

Esizeni seCentral Asia cobra bite, i-edema yendawo ingavela ngemizuzu eyi-10, ifinyelele phezulu ngemuva kosuku noma ezimbili. Izicubu ezizungeze i-lesion ziqala ukuba mnyama, futhi indawo yazo ikhula kancane kancane. I-Necrosis ikhula ngamaphesenti angama-20 wamacala, ikakhulukazi ngokulimala engxenyeni ye-distal (distal) yomlenze.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuluma kwe-cobra yangempela:

• ukozela, okuqala ngokwesilinganiso ngemuva kwehora, kusuka emizuzwini eyi-15 kuye emahoreni angama-5
• kumnyama emehlweni
• ukwanda kwejwabu leso (ptosis)
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Esigabeni esilandelayo, hlakulela:

• ukukhubazeka (i-paresis) yezindebe, izicubu zobuso, ulimi, ipharynx
• ukuphefumula njalo kwe-spasmodic
• profuse saves
• Umuntu olume akakwazi ukuhambisa umhlathi wakhe ophansi, aphendule ikhanda, alale eceleni kwakhe.
• ubuthi bungadala ukwethuka, ukugabha kwegazi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30
• Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwesinye isikhathi ziyabonakala: ukubanda okubandayo, ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukuncipha kwengcindezi. Lezi zimpawu zingabizwa kakhulu kune-neurotoxic.

Ebantwini abangenawo ubuthi, kungabonakala kuphela isifuba nomkhuhlane.

Usizo lokuqala lokulunywa yi-cobra

Uma i-cobra ishubile, akunakwenzeka futhi akunangqondo ukwenza izinto ezilandelayo:

• faka isicelo sokuvakasha
• hlanganisa indawo elimele
• ukumboza ukulunywa kukotini ofakwe kwisisombululo se-potanganum permanganate,
• yenza izintambo
• phuza utshwala.

Usizo lokuqala lokulunywa yi-cobra kufanele lube ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• yehlisa umoya wehlise isisulu,
• qiniseka ukuthi ukulunywa kwakungelona "amanga" (kwakungeyona into ebunjiweyo)
• ncela ubuthi be-cobra enxebeni ngemizuzu yokuqala engama-20 ngemuva kokuluma. Noma kunomonakalo emlonyeni, ubuthi ngeke bube nesikhathi sokungena egazini ngamanani anele, uma lihlala lifafazwa, lingagwinywanga,
• zama ukuthola uhlobo lwenyoka noma ugcine lufile ukuze lukhombe,
• lungisa isikhathi sokuluma,
• phatha amanxeba nge-antiseptic, utshwala, isixazululo sawo, isixazululo esiluhlaza sama-greens noma vele uhlambe ngamanzi anensipho,
• nikeza isisulu isiphuzo esiningi,
• faka ingubo oyinyumba endaweni yokulunywa, thambisa ingxenye ethintekile yomzimba, uyinike isikhundla esiphakeme,
• uma ohlukumezekile ephefumula phezulu, kuyadingeka ukumlungisa, uma kungenjalo uzokwanela,
• ulethe i-cobra ehlaselwe esibhedlela.

Ukwelashwa kokulunywa yinyoka okunobuthi ngodokotela kunezigaba ezi-3 eziphambili:

1. Ukuqalwa kobuhlungu benyoka kusetshenziswa i-monovalent (qhathanisa nesihlungu sohlobo olulodwa lwenyoka) noma i-polyvalent serum (serotherapy).
2. Ukwelashwa kwe-pathogenetic ubuthi be-neurotoxin kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezilwa ne-shock, futhi esimweni sokuphefumula okhubazekile, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi okuphefumula okwenziwe ngokungemthetho.
3. Ukwelashwa okubonakalayo, okuya ngempilo yokulunywa kanye nokwakheka kwesihlungu se-cobra. Lokhu kufaka nokwelashwa kwezibonakaliso zasendaweni (necrosis).

Ukwelashwa kwanoma yikuphi ukulunywa yinyoka kufaka phakathi ukwethulwa kwe-tetanus tetanus.

Ubuthi beCobra nokusetshenziswa kwayo

I-Cobra venom iyi-ketshezi ebizayo esetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, i-biology kanye ne-cosmetology ngezinhloso ezilandelayo:

• Okwenzelwe i-antidote - i-serum ekhishwa ngemuva kokulunywa yizinyoka ezinobuthi.
• Izibungu ze-Neuroparalytic ze-cobras ziyakwazi ukuvimba ukuthinteka kwezinzwa. Le mpahla yabo isetshenziselwa ukungathathi hlangothi okubangelwa izifo.
• Ingxubevange ye-Central Asia cobra venom (najaxin), isisombululo se-sodium chloride ne-novocaine inomphumela we-analgesic.
• Ingxube ye-cobra kanye nobuthi be-viper isetshenziselwa ukumisa ukukhula kwama-tumors abulalayo.
• Into enesenzo se-antithromboplastic yahlukaniswa y Ubuthi begobongo lase-Central Asia.
• I-Cobra venom iphatha ngempumelelo isithuthwane, isifo samathambo esingamahlalakhona, isifuba somoya kanye nenyumoniya, ukuqaqamba kwenhliziyo, ukuvuvukala okuhlangene nemisipha, isifo samathambo, isifo i-Alzheimer's, Parkinson's syndrome kanye ne-schizophrenia.
• Ingxenye ye-cobra venom isetshenziselwa ukucindezela izinto ezinqaba izitho ezitshintshiwe.
• Izakhi zobuthi zisetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwezinto eziphilayo njengezinto zokuhlola ukwenziwa kokuqhutshwa kwezinzwa nokusebenza kolwelwesi lweseli.
• Ubuthi bungezwe emkhiqizweni wokugcwala ongaqobisa isikhashana izicubu zobuso futhi usebenze njengeBotox. Kwenziwe ngesimo ukhilimu.

Inyama yeCobra nokuqina kwayo

Izinyoka zidliwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba, futhi inyama ye-cobra ibhekwa njengemnandi kakhulu kunayo yonke. EMalaysia, eThailand, eChina, eVietnam, eMyanmar, eCambodia, eLaos, izifundo zokuqala nezesibili kuphekwe kuzo. I-Barbecue yenziwe ngayo, ithosiwe, i-stewed futhi ibilisiwe. E-China, badla isikhumba esithosiwe senyoka, baphuze igazi laso elisha, kanti nemifino ye-infusions yokwelashwa ilungiswa kusuka ku-cobra bile. EThailand, iVietnam, iLaos, inyama, igazi, i-bile, ubuthi kanye nokugcotshwa kwecobra kungukudla okwenziwa ngesiko. Kukholelwa ukuthi umuntu obadlile uthatha izimfanelo ze-cobra, ukuhlakanipha, isibindi, amandla nempilo. EThailand, izinyoka zinosawoti, zifakwe emanzini anosawoti, kwenziwa utshwala kuzo.

Isikhumba seCobra nokusebenza kwayo

Isikhumba seCobra siqinile, siqinile, sinesakhiwo nephethini engajwayelekile. Izinto ezenziwe ngalo zinwebekile, zithambile futhi zibushelelezi ngasikhathi sinye.Abaqambi abaholayo emhlabeni jikelele bayayisebenzisa ukudala izesekeli zama-fashionistas: izicathulo, izikhwama, ama-wallet, imichilo yokubuka, imichilo yebhulukwe, izindwangu. Lezi zinto zenziwa futhi uma zenziwa emapulazini ase-Asia, lapho i-cobra yasebukhosini, esivele ingavamisile, ibhujiswa khona ngobuningi.

Ithathwe ku: www.amazon.com

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Cobras zohlobo kanye ngonyaka. Ubusika emazweni ashisayo isikhathi esihle impela sesikhathi sokukhukanywa kwe-Indian cobra. Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zenza uhlelo lwazo. Isibonelo, i-cobra ese-Central Asia ithanda intwasahlobo. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-cobras zibekwa amaqanda. ICollar cobra imi ngaphandle, ine-viviparous, inzalo yayo inezinyoka ezingaba ngu-60.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuzalela, umama okhulelwe ubeka amaqanda. Inani labo liyahlukahluka kuya ngohlobo, ukusuka kwezingu-8 kuye kwezingama-70. Amaqanda abekwa ezindaweni ezifihliwe, emifantwini yamatshe, emfuleni, eziqwini zamaqabunga. Umakhi uqapha ukubumbela.

Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali abanomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu ama-cobras amaNdiya nawasebukhosini, abakha ngokucophelela isidleke senzalo esizayo. Cabanga ukuthi kunzima kanjani kubo ukwenza lokhu ngaphandle kwezimbambo.

Izinyoka zithatha amaqabunga emqubeni eyodwa engaphambili lomzimba, njenge-scoop, zilala phansi zizungeze ukuqapha. Futhi obaba bomndeni ngalesi sikhathi basondele futhi bavikela isidleke. Abazali banempi kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, bangahlasela noma yisiphi isidalwa esiseduze ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ekugcineni, kusuka kumaqanda abekwe futhi agcinwe ngale ndlela yobugovu, kuvela inzalo "yasebukhosini". Izinyoka ezincane zinobuthi, nokho, ngenkathi zizisebenzisa ngenhloni. Cishe ngokushesha bangazingela inyamazane encane, eyabonakala isiseduze. Isibungu noma isilambu kufanelekile kubo. Umbala wazo umiseke kusukela wazalwa.

Ukuthola ukuthi iminyaka emingaki lezi zidalwa zingaphila ngemvelo kunzima kakhulu. Futhi ekudingisweni bangaphila iminyaka eyi-29. Ukuze uthole ubuthi, izinyoka zibanjwa futhi "zifakwe ubisi", ummeleli oyedwa anganikeza i-servings eziningana zetyhefu.

Ngokufanelekile, kungcono ukuthi ubadedele. Kepha esikhathini esiningi baqhubeka ngendlela elula bese beyifaka kwi-birdarium ukuze bayisebenzise isikhathi eside. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inyoka ayihlali isikhathi eside. Sekuvele kukhona umuntu obhalwe ku-Red Book - i-Central Asia cobra.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-cobras

• Ngenxa yokusebenza ngempumelelo kobuthi bayo, i-cobra yaseGibhithe kudala yadonsa ukunaka kwabantu. I-silhouette yakhe yahlobisa umqhele wobuFarao, ngoba wayebhekwa njengophawu lwamandla. Kugwetshwe ukufa izigebengu eGibhithe lasendulo, umusa wawunqunywe njengokubulawa yicobra esikhundleni sokubulawa komphakathi. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, uCleopatra, ukuze agweme ukuhlukunyezwa nokuxhashazwa ngu-Octavian Augustus, esephelelwe yithemba lokuzikhulula, wacela ukumlethela ikhempiya, okuthi ukulunywa nguyise.
• Ukuphalaza i-cobra yi-narthex enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Uma ubuthi bakhe bungalethi umphumela obufunayo, khona-ke ulala ngomhlane wakhe, uvule umlomo wakhe sengathi ufile.
• Ama-Snake Charmers adambisa ama-cobras amaNdiya kanye nawaseGibhithe. Babazi kahle ukuthi bangaziphatha kanjani izinto ezihuquzelayo ukuze ukuzivikela kwabo kungabi yilaka ngqo. Lapho inyoka iphakamisa umzimba ongaphezulu kubhasikidi, u-caster wadlala ipayipi: i-reptile yehlisa isidumbu, ilandela ukuhamba komuntu, hhayi ngokuphendula imisindo yomculo. Abanye abasebenza nge-spellcast bakhiphe amazinyo we-cobra anobuthi, kepha akunangqondo kangako, ngoba amazinyo abukhali asheshe abe namazinyo asebambisene, futhi izindlala ezinobuthi endaweni yamazinyo akhishwe ziqhubeka zikhiqiza ubuthi.
• UJoseph Rudyard Kipling, encwadini yakhe ethi Rikki-tikki-Tavi, uchaze kahle ukusebenzisana nezinhlamvu ze-cobra ne-mongoose.
• I-cobra ingasinda esitelekeni sezindlala izinyanga ezi-3: kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukuvikela amaqanda kuze kube yilapho ibhungu lisesincane kubo.

Ikhaya iKing Cobra (lat.Ophiophagus hannah). Izithombe ngu: Vassil, CC0

Indlela yokuziphatha uma uhlangana ne-cobra

Abahlali bendawo kulezo zindawo lapho kuhlala khona ama-cobras kudala bajwayelana nalaba makhelwane, bafundile isimo sabo esizolile, esincane sokuziphatha okuhle, futhi babelana insimu nabo ngaphandle kokwesaba okuthile. Izivakashi zingathanda ukufisa: babona inyoka - musa ukwenza umsindo, ungazulisi izandla zakho, ungathuthi ikhanda, ungamemezi, izame ukwethusa.

Namanje ngeke akuzwe futhi ngeke alazise ithalente lobuciko. Inyoka ngokwayo ngeke ikujahe ize. Ubuthi bayo yinto enzima yokuqongelela. Ukuchitha kuwe, angahle ashiywe ngaphandle kokuzingela, ngakho-ke uzogwema ukungcola okungadingekile. I-Cobra kulokhu inyoka yezomnotho ikakhulukazi.

Iqongelela ubuthi isikhathi eside kakhulu, bese iyisebenzisa ngamanani amakhulu. Isilwane esijabulisayo uqobo siyozama ukugwema ukuhlaselwa ngokuqondile, kuzoqala ukubhebhetheka, senze ukuhlaselwa kwamanga okungu-10, njengokungathi ukusho ukuthi ukuhlasela okulandelayo kuzoba yingozi. Ngomusa nangokuzithokozisa zama ukushiya le ndima. Qaphela futhi uqaphele, futhi uzogwema imiphumela ebuhlungu.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-Indian cobra

Indian cobra (kusuka kwelesiLatini Naja naja) inyoka enobuthi ephuma emndenini wama-asidi, uhlobo lwama-cobras wangempela. Le inyoka inesiqu esisongela umsila, esingamamitha ayi-1.5-2 ubude, embozwe esikalini.

Njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ze-cobra, umNdiya une-hood evuleka lapho lesi sici sijabulisa. I-hood luhlobo lokukhula komzimba, olwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwezimbambo ngaphansi kwethonya lemisipha ekhethekile.

Iphalethi elinemibala yomzimba we-cobra li-motley impela, kepha eliyinhloko izithunzi zombala ophuzi, onsundu, ovame ukuba nesihlabathi. Eduze kwekhanda kunephethini elihlukile elifana ne-pince-nez noma izingilazi eduze komphetho, kungenxa yokuthi indian cobra isimanga.

Ososayensi bahlukanisa i-cobra yaseNdiya ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa eziphambili:

• blind cobra (from the Latin Naja naja coeca),
• i-monocle cobra (kusuka ku-Latin Naja naja kaouthia),
• ukukhafulela i-cobra yase-India (kusuka Latin Naja naja sputatrix),
• I-Taiwanese cobra (kusuka ku-Latin Naja naja atra),
• I-Central Asia cobra (kusuka kwi-Latin Naja naja oxiana).

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezingaphansi kakhulu. Imvamisa uhlobo lwe-cobra yase-India ekhangayo kuthiwa indian king cobrakepha lo mbono uhluke kancane, mkhulu futhi umehluko, kodwa ngokufana.

I-Photod is a Indian citra cobra

I-cobra yaseNdiya, ngokuya ngezinsizakusebenza, ihlala e-Afrika, cishe kulo lonke elase-Asia futhi, ezwekazini laseNdiya. Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, lezi cobras zidlangile ngobukhulu bamazwe wanamuhla: iTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan neTajikistan - isigcino seCobra yaseCentral Asia uhlala lapha.

Ukhetha izindawo ezihlukile zokuphila ukusuka emahlathini kuya ezintabeni. Esendaweni enamadwala, uhlala emifantwini nasemibekweni ehlukahlukene. E-China, kuvame ukuhlala emasimini erayisi.

Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-indian cobra

Lolu hlobo lwenyoka enobuthi alwesabi nhlobo umuntu futhi luvame ukuhlala eduze kwezindlu zalo noma emasimini alinyelwe ukuvunwa. Imvamisa indian cobra naya ezitholakala ezindlini ezilahliwe, ezihlanzekile.

Lolu hlobo lwe-cobra alusoze lwahlasela abantu uma lungabuboni ubungozi nokuhlukumezeka kubo, luyaluma, lujovele ubuthi, luzivikela kuphela futhi kaningi akusiyona i-cobra uqobo olucasulayo, kepha luyimisindo emibi.

Ukwenza ukuphonsa kokuqala, kubizwa nangokuthi inkohliso, i-cobra yaseNdiya ayakhiqizi ukuluma okunobuthi, kepha kumane nje kwenza ikhanda, kube sengathi isixwayiso sokuthi ukuphonsa okulandelayo kungabulala.

Ukufanekisa yi-cobra yaseNdiya

Ekusebenzeni, uma inyoka ikwazile ukufaka umjovo ngenkathi iluma, khona-ke ukulunywa kunethuba elincane lokusinda. Igram elilodwa lobuthi be-cobra baseNdiya lingabulala izinja ezingaphezulu kwekhulu.

Ukhafulela i-cobra yini okubhalwe phansi kwe-Indian cobra ebizwa ngokuthi imvamisa ayiluma.Indlela yokuvikelwa kwayo isuselwa esakhiweni esikhethekile semisele yamazinyo lapho ubuthi bufakwa khona.

Lezi ziteshi azitholakali phansi kwamazinyo, kodwa endizeni yazo ebheke phezulu futhi lapho kuvela ingozi esimweni somphangi, le nyoka ifafaza ubuthi kuyo, kufinyelela kumamitha amabili, ihlose emehlweni. Uma ubuthi bungena kulolwelwesi lwamehlo, i-cornea iyasha bese isilwane siphulukana nokucaca kombono waso, uma ubuthi bungakahlanzwa masinyane, ubumpumputhe obuqhubekayo bungenzeka.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-cobra yaseNdiya inamazinyo amafushane, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi futhi i-brittle, evame ukuholela ekuqhekekeni nasekuphuleni, kepha okusha kuvela ngokushesha esikhundleni samazinyo alimele.

ENdiya, kunama-cobras amaningi ahlala emadolobheni nabantu. Abantu baqeqesha lolu hlobo lwenyoka besebenzisa imisindo yezinsimbi zomoya, futhi bayajabula ukwenza izethulo ezahlukahlukene ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo.

Kwi-Intanethi ungathola amavidiyo amaningi futhi isithombe se-indian cobra nomuntu odlala ipayipi, wenza lokhu kuvuka phezu komsila, kuvule i-hood futhi, ngokungathi kunjalo, kudansa umculo ozwakalayo.

AmaNdiya anomqondo omuhle ngale nhlobo yezinyoka, azibheka njengengcebo yezwe. Lesi sizwe sinezinkolelo eziningi nama-epics ahambisana ne-Indian cobra. Kwamanye amazwekazi, le ntelezi idume kakhulu.

Enye yezindaba ezidume kakhulu nge-cobra yaseNdiya yindaba yombhali odumile uRudyard Kipling obizwa nge- "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi". Ilandisa ngokushayisana phakathi kwe-mongoose encane esabekayo ne-Indian cobra.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-cobra kancane

Uma bekwazile ukucasula noma bathukuthele inyoka, khona-ke ingahlasela. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi isiza sokukuluma okuvame kakhulu ingalo nomlenze, okukhombisa ilukuluku lokungaphumeleli komuntu. Ukuluma kwanoma iyiphi i-cobra kungabulala uma izinyathelo zingathathwanga. Umehluko kuphela isikhathi sokuvezwa.

Isibonelo, ubuthi begobongo lase-Central Asia lisebenza kumuntu kancane, ukufa akwenzeki ngokushesha, kodwa ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, noma izinsuku ezimbalwa. Futhi inkosi cobra nayo ihola lapha. Ubuthi bayo busebenza isigamu sehora, umuntu angafa. Yini engingayisho uma bekukhona izimo lapho ngisho nendlovu ibulawa ukuluma kwayo!

Ubuthi beCobra - i-neurotoxin enamandla. Imisipha yakho ikhubazeka, inhliziyo yakho iqala ukungaphumeleli, futhi uyaqina. Akunabuhlungu obunamandla, kepha isicanucanu, ukuqaqanjelwa, isiyezi, ukugabha, ukuquleka, ukufeyila kanye nethambo kungenzeka.

Usizo lokuqala lume kanje:

• Beka umuntu ukuze ikhanda lingaphansi kwezinga lomzimba.
• Bheka ngokucophelela zonke izingubo, amathonsi wobuthi angasela kuwo.
• Uma unesirinji kwikhabethe lomuthi noma inhlamvu yerabha, ncela ubuthi enxebeni. Uma ekhemisi lizoba namagilavu ​​ezokwelapha, uwagqoke. Akumele uncele umlomo wakho, akwaziwa ukuthi kuzokuthinta kanjani. Kungaphenduka izisulu ezimbili.
• Hlanza isilonda ngamanzi ahlanzekile, faka ingubo ehlanzekile, eyomile, oyicindezelayo.
• Ubuthi be-Cobra abubangeli izicubu ze-izicubu, ngakho-ke ungafaka isicelo sendawo yokudonsa isigamu sehora ngaphezulu kwendawo yokuluma, khona-ke kufanele isuswe. Ukunaka: ukusetshenziswa komkhosi wokuvakasha akunakwenziwa njalo, ngokulunywa kwezinye izinyoka lokhu kuphambene ngokuphelele!
• Beka u-ice endaweni yokuluma, uma kungenzeka. Cold kuzonciphisa umphumela ubuthi.
• Kungcono ukuthi uqinise umthwalo weligi othintekile, futhi ngokuvamile zama ukuqiniseka ukuthi ohlukunyeziwe uzithuthukisa. Ubuthi busakazeka ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, lapho igazi ligijima kakhulu emzimbeni wonke.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi ukuze ubuthi budalulwe yizinso.

Uma i-cobra ikukhafulela, hlamba ngokushesha amehlo akho kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi uzobona udokotela ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungaboni. Kulezi zinyoka kukhona umuthi obulala ubuthi babo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezingulube zilungiswa kusuka kwibuthi be-cobra ukuze kwenziwe imithi eminingi ebalulekile.

Ngabe iphupho le-cobra liphupha ini

Izinyoka ephusheni ziyenzeka kaningi.Singabantu okushayisanayo ezingabonakali nazo ezakhini zofuzo, futhi unganakile yimuphi izingozi ezweni lethu kuvetwa ngesimo inyoka. Izincwadi eziningi zamaphupho, zisebenzisa lokhu, zizama ukuxwayisa ngezinkinga ezizayo.

Isibonelo, uma uphupha i-cobra emnyama - lungela inkathazo, izinyoka eziningi - linda inhlebo, i-cobra ibhukuda - ikukhanga, isontwe ibe indandatho - isimo esingalindelekile, imiqondo - funa imbangi. Uma adle isisulu - uzobe bakhohliswa, noma wesabe ukweba.

Uma udansa umtshingo - unezifiso ezingafanele. Inyoka indiza isuka kude nawe noma ihamba inyathela - izinkinga zakho zizophela kungekudala. Kunoma ikuphi, zama ukukhumbula ukuthi kwenzekani ku-Abimeleki ngephupho nawe kanye silwane. Yini iphupho lenyoka ye-cobra kungenzeka ukuqonda nokuhlela ngokoqobo.

Uma ubonisa ukuthi wayeziphethe ube buthaka kunalowo wena, unqobe konke, futhi uma unganqotshwa kuye ephusheni, zama ukungazivezi ukuzibamba ngokuhlala empilweni futhi zokuxazulula izinkinga zakho. Akumangalisi ukuthi wanikezwa isignali yesexwayiso. Sebenzisa okusheshayo.

Umsuka umbono kanye nencazelo

Isidlakela singumndeni wakwa-Aspids. Igama lezinhlobo ngesiLatini lizwakala ngokuthi "isidalwa esidla izinyoka." Okwamanje, iziqinisekiso ukuhlukanisa zenyathi ezimbili - Indonesian futhi Chinese. Ahluke ngombala kanye nokuhleleka kwemivimbo emzimbeni, kanye nosayizi (isiShayina sikhulu kunesi-Indonesia).

Ukubukeka nezici zenyoka

Ngokusho incazelo, le zilwane kuyahluka kakhulu kusuka kwamanye obunesihluku. Izici ezivelele kakhulu yilezi:

• Ikhanda elincane elisicaba.
• hood omkhulu onamandla ohlangothini emphethweni.
• Iminqumo noma nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi enamasongo emzimbeni.
• Cishe umsila "omnyama" omnyama noma omnyama.

I emuva ngokuvamile ambalwa amathoni mnyama ngaphezu esiswini.

Ihlala kuphi inkosi cobra?

Lesi silwane sivela eSoutheast Asia. Kakhulu cobra ezivamile zingatholakala ku:

Isisulu esiyingozi sithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo esinomswakama omningi, sithanda ukushisa, kepha asikubekezeleli ukubanda.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ngo-1937, it ubanjwe Negri Sembilan futhi ibekwe e-zoo yaseLondon, isifanekiso ngobukhulu emlandweni zilwane. Ubude bawo babungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-6.

Ngabe idlani inkosi cobra?

Lesi silwane kuyinto umhlaseli yangempela. I-cobra iyazingela futhi idle uhlobo lwayo. Ukudla kwakhe kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezinjalo zezinyoka ezinobuthi nezingelona ubuthi, njenge:

• abagijimi
• pythons
• kraits
• nezinye izinhlobo obunesihluku.

Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ziginya inzalo yazo. Ukuthola ukudla, inyoka iwela isisulu, inamathele umsila wayo, bese iluma endaweni ebucayi kakhulu ekhanda layo.

Izici waqina futhi yokuphila

Isilwane sikhombisa ngokuziphatha okunolaka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho abesilisa bencintisana ngokuzwana ukuze banake insikazi. Kodwa-ke, umhlaseli akaze ahlasele umuntu kuqala ngaphandle kokuthi enze ukunyakaza ngokuzumayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho behlangana inyoka, kufanele baziphathe ngomoya ophansi, iqhwa futhi ume kungahambi isilwane kuze inyonyoba kude.

Izikhathi ezi-4-5 ngonyaka, inyoka inyibilika, futhi le nqubo ihlala icindezelwa umzimba we reptile. Ama-cobras we-King aphila okuncane kakhulu ekudingisweni, ngakho akuvamile ukuba abekwe kuma-zoo terrariums.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isikhathi sokuphila komuntu ngamunye singafinyelela eminyakeni engama-35 kuya kwengama-37. Inqubo yokukhula kwalezi zinyoka ayimisi kuze kube sekufeni.

Isiqophi: Cobra

Abesilisa bangahlukaniswa kwabesifazane noma ngosayizi. Kunabesilisa abaningi kakhulu. Umlomo ezihuquzelayo ezifana ungakwazi yokwelula ube usayizi omkhulu. Leli thuba livumela isilwane ukuba sidle inyamazane yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Phambi komlomo kukhona izangoma ezibili ezibunjiwe. Kuyinto ngabo ukuthi iziteshi ngobuthi pass. Enye into ehlukile kuma-cobras yi-hood.

I-hood inenhloso eyodwa ecacile - ukwesabisa izimbangi, izitha. Uma inyoka ubonisa futhi hisses menacingly ke abanye isilwane noma umuntu wayesondelene kakhulu.Ukukhombisa kangcono ukulungela ukuluma, isilwane esidliwayo esinanyama singase siqale ukushesha siye esitha. Isiko elinjalo livame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu - inyoka ishiywa yodwa. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi i-cobra kufanele ilwe.

Ihlala kuphi cobra?

Abamele izinhlobo ze-cobra zingama-thermophilic kakhulu. Abakwazi ukuhlala lapho kuneqhwa khona. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okuhlukile. Izinhlobo zase-Central Asia zihlala enyakatho yeTajikistan, iTurkmenistan, ne-Uzbekistan. Lapho, amazinga okushisa asekwindla nasebusika aphansi impela futhi cishe yonke insimu imbozwe yiqhwa.

Indawo enkulu yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinjengamazwe ase-Asia nase-Afrika. E-Afrika, zitholakala yonke indawo, ngaphesheya kwezwe. Ama-Aspids nawo ahlala ePhilippine, eSunda Islands. EYurophu, eRussia, e-Ukraine, abamele le nhlobo abatholakali.

Ezindlini zabo ezihuquzelayo zibeka izidingo eziningi:

• isimo sezulu esifudumele,
• ukutholakala kokudla okufanele
• ukude kusuka emadolobheni, abantu.

AmaCobras akhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile nezingagwadli. Bahlala ogwadule, amasoseji, ugwadule, amahlathi ashisayo. Inani elincane labantu litholakala nasezintabeni. Kodwa-ke, kufinyelela kuphela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu amane. Ngaphezulu kwezirhubuluzayo azikhuphuki.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: UCobras uthanda ukuhlala endle. Ngemuva kwalokho bangaphila iminyaka engaba ngamashumi amabili. Edolobheni, inyoka enobuthi ilele ilinde izingozi eziningi kakhulu.

Emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezihuquzelayo azifihli emithini, ngaphansi kwamatshe. Ziyasebenza impela: ziyakwazi ukubhukuda, ukugibela izihlahla. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukile zama-cobras ezisebenzisa isikhathi esiningi sasemanzini, lapho zizingela khona. Bahlala ikakhulu emifuleni.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Okwamanje, inani lezinhlobo lehla ngokushesha, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zinesimo esisengcupheni. Imbangela evame kakhulu yokubhujiswa ukusetshenziswa kwethiythi yabo ukulungiselela imithi nokulungiselela izimonyo. Futhi, ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi ashisayo kuthinta kabi usayizi wabantu.

Ukuziphatha okuvikelayo

I-cobra ethukile iyaphakamisa umphambili womzimba ize ifike ku-1/3 yobude bayo, inwebise intamo nomzimba osondelene nayo, ikhiphe umsindo omkhulu. Uma umuntu noma isilwane, yize kusixwayisa, sisondele, i-cobra imvamisa kuqala izama ukwethusa isitha futhi ilume kabi, iliphonsa ngakwesobunxele ingxenye yomzimba phambili bese ishaya isitha ngekhanda nomlomo ovaliwe, ngaleyo ndlela ivikela amazinyo anobuthi ekulimaleni okungenzeka. Isici sokuzivikela esivikela isici esizelwe ngokuziphatha futhi izinyoka ezisanda kubanjwa sizibeka kunoma iyiphi ingozi.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

Kusatshalaliswa eTurkmenistan (ngaphandle kwezifunda ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga), eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTajikistan, eningizimu ye-Uzbekistan (enyakatho kuya e-Nura-Tau ridge, ezintabeni zeBel-Tau-Ata kanye nasemahlathini asentshonalanga ogwili lwaseTurkestan), eKyrgyzstan, e-Afghanistan, ePakistan, enyakatho- empumalanga ye-Iran nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeNdiya. Ihlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zobumba nasezintabeni ezidwetshiwe, izintaba eziphansi, izigodi zemifula ezinamathafa asogwini, imifudlana kanye nasemithambekeni phakathi kwamatshe nezihlahlana, imvamisa phakathi kwezakhiwo ezishiywe dengwane, emiseleni yokunisela ezindaweni ezinamanzi, emaphethelweni amasimu nasezivandeni. Imvamisa etholakala ngasogwini lwemifula, ingena naseziwadule ezingenamanzi, lapho inamathela khona emikhondweni yamagciwane atholakala phakathi kwezundunduma nasemithambekeni yawo. Ezintabeni, kusatshalaliswa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ezokuphepha

Emvelweni, inani lama-cobras likhona yonke indawo liphansi, ngakho-ke lingaphansi kokuvikelwa. Ogwadule olunesihlabathi, lesi simo siyathandeka; kwezinye izindawo, isibalo siyehla ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala. Abantu abahlala ezigodini zemifula, eziwugwadule zama piedmont kanye nasezindaweni eziphansi, lapho izindawo ezonakaliswa khona ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezomnotho, basengozini enkulu. Njengenhlobo engandile (isigaba 3) yafakwa ohlwini lwezincwadi ezibomvu ze-USSR (1984), Uzbekistan (1983) neTurkmenistan (1985).Kuvikelwe ezindaweni ezigcinwe eTurkmenistan: iBadkhyz, iRepetek, iKopetdag, iSyunt-Khasardag neHasan-Kuli izingxenye zesigcini saseKrasnovodsky, e-Uzbekistan: e-Aral-Paygambarsky naseKarakulsky, eTajikistan - eTigrovaya Balka. Okwamanje, le zilwane ekunqabeni (isigaba 2) kufakwa ohlwini ku-Red Books Turkmenistan (1999) kanye Uzbekistan (2003) - isigaba 3, isimo NT. Encwadini Ebomvu Yomhlaba Wonke kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-1994, i-cobra ese-Central Asia yabhalwa njengohlobo olusengozini (Endangered). Ukusuka maphakathi nawo-90s kuze kube manje, i-IUCN iyisilwane esinesimo esingachazwanga kuLuhlu Olubomvu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwedatha yanamuhla ngobuningi bayo. Afakwe Isithasiselo II CITES.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isikhathi sokufuya i-cobra singoJanuwari-uFebhuwari, noma entwasahlobo. Ebusika, ama-cobras amaNdiya athanda ukuzala, entwasahlobo - e-Central Asia. Amaqanda abekwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokuzalela: ngo-Ephreli, Meyi, noma ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbili ehlobo. Izinga lokuzala lomelele ngamunye wezinhlobo lihlukile. Ngokwesilinganiso, inani lamaqanda lisukela kwezingu-8 kuya kwezingamashumi ayisikhombisa ngasikhathi.

Amaqanda abekwa ezindaweni ezifihlekile. Imvamisa, lokhu kungamatshe emifino noma emqubeni omncane wamaqabunga awile. Kukhona ama-cobras azala amathole bukhoma ngaso leso sikhathi. Lena inyoka collar. Lesi silwanyana esidanyama siyakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha abantu abangamashumi ayisithupha ngasikhathi. Imashi ivikelwe ngabantu besifazane. Abanye abameleli iqembu hhayi kuphela aqaphe, kodwa futhi ukuhlomisa isidleke ethokomele nenzalo esizayo. Abesilisa nabo bathatha ingxenye esebenzayo. Bahlala nalowo okhethiwe kuze kube ukuqandeka kwenzalo.

Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa izingane ezibizwa amaqanda, abanye abameleli obunesihluku ukukhombisa ukucasuka. Isibonelo, i-Indian, cobra yasebukhosini. Basebenza ngentshiseko nangamandla ngendluzula abantu bangaphandle kude nezidleke. Uma kwenzeka ingozi enkulu, bakwazi ongayilindele ukuhlasela izitha, ngisho nabantu. Ama-kites azalwa ezimele ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni nje, bakha ubuthi obuncane, ngakho-ke abantu abasha badla izinyamazane ezincane. Ngisho ezinye izinambuzane bangaba ukudla kwabo.