I-Alligator nengwenya ziphakathi kwezakhamizi zakudala zomhlaba wethu. Mdala kakhulu kunama-dinosaurs. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ngokusho kososayensi, zavela eMhlabeni eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-200 edlule. Ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukubukeka kwalezi ezihubhisayo akukashintshi. Kuze kube manje, lo mndeni wezilwane ezifuywayo unezinhlobo ezingama-20.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kubantu abaningi abahlali, zonke izidalwa "zisebusweni bunye": bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi ingwenya ihluke kanjani kwimbokodo. Uma ungomunye wabo, futhi unentshisekelo kulo mbuzo, khona-ke le ndatshana ingeyakho.
Zonke izimbungulu nezingwenya, kanye nezihlobo zazo - ama-gavials kanye nama-caimans, angabasesigcini seCrocodylia. Bahlukaniswa ngesimo somzimba we-fusiform, isithwebuli esivikelekile sezihlangu ezingama-horny, imihlathi emikhulu enamandla anamazinyo amaningi. Zonke izingwenya zihlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Lezi ezihubhayo zivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe yimindeni emithathu, yize kunezinhlobo ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, izingwenya, i-alligator ne-cayman ziyimindeni eyinhloko, kanti i-Indian gavial iyinhlangano ehlukile. Naphezu kokufana kwangaphandle, izinhlobo zezinto ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu. Gweba wena: ubude bomzimba kubantu abahlukile buyahlukahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-7. Njengoba ubona, ukusakazeka kubalulekile.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengwenya ne-alligator?
Naphezu kokuthandwa kwayo, lo mbuzo awulungile ngokuphelele. Kungaba okulungile ngokwengeziwe ukukufaka ku-paratrase it kancane: i-alligators ihluke kanjani kwezinye izingwenya? Lokhu kwakhiwa kuyiqiniso ngokwengeziwe, ngoba ama-alligator aluhlobo oluhlukile lokudalwa kwengwenya. Ngemuva kokuthola umbuzo, sekuyisikhathi sokudlulela ekuqhathanisheni kwalaba bantu abahlukumeza abanye. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umehluko awukhona kuphela ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle, kodwa futhi ezimeni lapho i-alligator kanye nengwenya ihlala khona. Umehluko phakathi kwezidalwa ezishiwo ubalulekile impela. Umehluko omkhulu ukwakheka kwekhanda. Ngalesiisekelo kulula ukubona umehluko. Ubuso be-alligator buyindilinga eyengeziwe, ngesimo saso sifana nhlamvu lwegama lesiNgisi elithi "U". Futhi ingwenya ibukhali futhi iyafana nhlamvu "V". Umehluko olandelayo osobala “ukuluma” okuhlukile kwemihlathi lapho ivala. Ku-alligator, umhlathi ongaphezulu ubanzi kakhulu kunaphansi. Lokhu kuholela ekuvaleni okuphelele kwephansi lapho kuvalwa. Futhi izingwenya zibona amazinyo emihlathi yomibili. Ama-fangs aphansi avelele ikakhulukazi. Umehluko wesithathu umbala wesikhumba. Ezingubeni, umzimba wonke umbozwe amabala amnyama amnyama asebenza “njengezinzwa zokuhamba”. Yebo, yebo, kungosizo lwesici sokuhleleka kwabo lapho bathatha khona ukunyakaza kokukhiqiza. Kuma-alligators, “izinzwa” zitholakala kuphela eduze kwesiqalo. Isibonakaliso esilandelayo singasebenza njengempendulo kumbuzo wesibili odumile: "Ngubani more - ingwenya noma i-alligator?" Ubude bomzimba bokugcina bumfushane ngokwejwayelekile kunobabanye babameleli bokudonswa okucatshangelwe.
Habitat
Siyaqhubeka nokubheka ukuthi ingwenya ihluke kanjani ku-alligator. I-Habitat yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, futhi hhayi kuphela ngokuqhathanisa le mindeni (kodwa ngaphezulu kwalokho kamuva). Ngakho-ke, ama-alligator ajwayelekile kuphela emanzini ahlanzekile e-China naseNyakatho Melika, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ungabona izingwenya kuphela kanye nama-caimans. Ama-Crocodiles, ngendlela, angahlala emanzini amasha nosawoti. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banezindlala ezikhethekile emilonyeni yabo abasusa usawoti owedlulele.
Nsuku zonke kukhona ukuncipha kwendawo yokuhlala kwalezi ezihubhayo. Le nto ibeka izingwenya emaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Ikhuluma ngeNingizimu Melika kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Emva kwakho konke, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu nokwakhiwa kwemisele kwenza umonakalo ongalawuleki endle. Ngenxa yokuwa kwehlathi, izinga lezulu liyancipha, ngenxa yalokho, lezo zinqolobane lapho izingwebu zitholwe khona ziqala ukoma. Ukuqothulwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo kuyesabisa, hhayi ngoba izinhlobo zonke zizoshabalala, kodwa futhi ngoba nokulingana kwemvelo kwalezi zifunda kuzophazamiseka. Isibonelo, eFlorida, e-Everglades Nature Reserve, ama-alligators adla ngo-carapace obonwe ngezikalo ezinama-bony scales. Lesi sakamuva, njengoba sesilahlekelwe yisitha saso semvelo, singabhubhisa ngesikhathi esifushane yonke imidwebo nemifantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-alligators asiza ezinye izilwane ziphile ngesikhathi sesomiso. Bemba izimbobo, ngaleyo ndlela benze amadala amancane lapho izinhlanzi ziphephela khona, nezincelisayo - izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo - indawo yokunisela.
Imikhuba
Uma ucabanga ngombuzo wokuthi ingwenya ihluke kanjani kune-alligator, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukusiza kodwa ukukhumbula indlela abaziphatha ngayo, futhi ngokunembile, imikhuba yabo. Yisiphi isici esiyokhunjulwa okokuqala lapho kukhulunywa ngalaba bantu abazingelayo? Unembile, ulaka. Kunombono wokuthi i-alligator inegazi elincane kuneengwenya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi konke lokhu kuhlobene. Yize kunjalo, akukho kulokhu okulahliweyo okungeke kukhulule inyamazane emazinyweni abo uma bekwazile ukubamba isisulu. Futhi yize kungekho onesibindi sokubiza izidalwa ze-alligators, noma kunjalo zingama-paws nje aqhathaniswa nezingwenya, ezikhula zibe ngamamitha ayi-7 futhi zibe nesisindo esingaphezu kwethoni. Lezi zilo ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi iNayile, azikhandleli ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu kuphela, kodwa nabantu.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengwenya ne-alligator
Ama-Crocodiles kanye nama-alligator ngezinye zezinto ezidala eziyingozi kakhulu. Imihlathi yabo ingadala ingozi enkulu ebantwini. Ukuhlaselwa okungaphezulu kuka-1000 kwabantu kuyaqoshwa njalo ngonyaka. Ngenxa yendawo yazo ebanzi, ayaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yamakhono abo kanye nesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele somzimba, bakwazile ukusinda ama-dinosaurs, ngoba izinhlobo zazo sezikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-80.
Ama-Crocodiles kanye nama-alligator avela kuma-archosaurs (iqembu lezilwane ezihuquza ngegazi ezifudumele zangaphambi kwegazi). Kuleli qembu, ama-dinosaurs, ama-pterosaurs, njll, nawo athole umsuka. Zombili izingwenya kanye nama-alligator angabokudla okuphezulu kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ukudla kwabo ikakhulukazi kuqukethe inyama entsha. Baphanga wonke umuntu othuthekayo nalabo abangakwazi ukubhekana nabo.
Lapho kukhulunywa nge-alligator, abantu bamele ukubukeka kwengwenya. Ngenxa yokufana kwabo, abaningi abalokothi basole nokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile. Ukuze uvikele iphutha elinjalo, kubalulekile ukunquma uyini umehluko phakathi kwengwenya ne-alligator.
Izici zesakhiwo
Ama-Crocodiles nama-alligator anombala ofanayo womzimba - umnyama, ucishe waba mnyama. Lokhu kungenxa yenqwaba ye-tannic acid emanzini. Umbala ungashintsha ube luhlaza uma kukhula ulwelwe oluningi echibini.
Amakhowe ahlukile kwi-alligator ngezindlela eziningi zangaphandle. Isibonelo, izingwenya ziyaziwa "ngokumamatheka" kwazo. Ngomhlathi uvaliwe ngokuphelele, kufakwa imishayo yesine ngezansi. Isizalo sabo sinesiphetho esibukhali, esifana nencwadi V. Alligators nayo sinesifutho esifushane nesicashile, nemihlathi yaso ifihliwe ngokuphelele.
Futhi, izingwenya zinezindlala ezikhethekile ezisebenzela ukuphambukisa usawoti emzimbeni. Ngenxa yabo, kwavela "izingwenya izinyembezi" ezidumile kwizingwenya. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izindlala ezinjalo zitholakala ezilimini zezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Izingcingo kukhulu kakhulu kune-alligators. Uma ingwenya enkulu ngayinye ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-7, khona-ke i-alligator enkulu kakhulu ifinyelela ku-4 kuphela.
Izimpawu zangaphandle
Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho amazinyo wengwenya. Ukwakheka komhlathi kulezi ezihuquzelayo kukhulu kangangokuba ngisho nangomlomo ovalekile, amazinyo ahlala ephumile. Ngemisipha evaliwe, izinyo lesine lihlasela ngokukhethekile. Isizungulu sengwenya, noma, njengoba ihlala ibizwa njalo, isigaxa, sinesimo esibi se-V.
Izingwenya ziyizidleke ezinkulu, zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-7 ubude (izingwenya zolwandle). Ama-Crocodiles anezindlala zikasawoti eziklanyelwe ukukhipha usawoti onqwabelene emzimbeni. Kuyathokozela umsebenzi wabo ukuthi kwavela inkulumo ethi “izinyembezi zengwenya” ezinzile.
Habitat
Ama-Crocodiles, maqondana nezinto ezingafani nomsebenzi wezinhlwayi zikasawoti, azivumelanisa nokuphila emanzini anosawoti. Indawo yokuhlala kwezingwenya ibanzi: i-Afrika, i-Asia, i-Australia, neMelika. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo eziyishumi nantathu zezingwenya ziyaziwa.
Kuqala, ama-alligators asatshalaliswa e-Australia, kwaba ngegama lomfula i-Alligator lapho athola khona igama lawo. Namuhla, inani lama-alligator lincane, alijwayelekile njengezingwenya. Ungahlangana nalawa mafutha ngobukhulu bawo womabili amaMelika, kanye naseChina. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zama-alligator: i-Mississippi ne-alligator yesiShayina.
Indlela yokuphila
Ama-Crocodiles adla kunoma yikuphi ukudla akwazi ukukuphathela, kungaba yinhlanzi, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane noma ezinkulu. Amakhowe azingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Bakwenza ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside, kukhona izimo lapho ingwenya ihlala ngaphandle kokudla unyaka nesigamu. Izinga eliphakeme kangako lokusinda latholakala ngenxa yezitolo ezinamafutha, ngoba ukudla okungaphezulu kwama-60% okudliwa yingwenya kuya kungqimba olunamafutha.
Ama-Alligators akhetha ukudla izinhlanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isilwanyana esincane ezincelisayo nazo zingathola kubo ukudla kwasemini. Ama-Alligator amelana namaconsi okushisa futhi asinda ngisho noma i-thermometer yehla ngaphansi kwe-zero. Uma izinga lokushisa libuyela kokujwayelekile, ama-alligators abuyela enkambisweni yawo ejwayelekile (yasebusuku).
Habitat
Ama-Crocodiles angakhululeka cishe kuwo wonke amazwe anesimo sezulu esifudumele. Zitholakala e-Afrika, Japan, Guatemala, Bali nakwamanye amazwe afudumele. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo, ama-alligators awandile emhlabeni jikelele. Ekuqaleni, indawo ababehlala kuyo kwakungu-Australia, okwamanje le nhlobo ingatholakala eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika, kanye nasezindaweni ezithile zase China.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sezingwenya ubukhona bezindlala zodwa. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, izingwenya zajwayelaniswa nokuphila emanzini kasawoti. Bahlala eduze nolwandle futhi bahlala ngokuthula olwandle. Ama-alligators, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla okususa usawoti emzimbeni, aphile kuphela emanzini amasha.
Fingqa
Kuko konke okungenhla, singakwazi ukwahlukanisa izici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisayo zengwenya kusuka ku-alligator:
- Isakhiwo se-snout - ku-ngwenya kuthiwa ingu-V futhi sinesimo esithi "ukumamatheka". Ama-Alligators anehlumela elifushane nelififi,
- Izingcingo kukhulu kunama-alligators,
- Isabelo se-Crocodile sihluke kakhulu,
- Isakhiwo somzimba weengwenya sinezindlala zikasawoti ezikhethekile ezisiza ukususa usawoti omningi emzimbeni,
- Indawo yezingwenya ibanzi kuneyezimbokodo,
- Izingcwethi zishintshwa ukuze ziphile emanzini anosawoti,
- Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo eziyi-13 zezingwenya nama-2 alligators.
Naphezu kwako konke ukungafani kwabo, zombili izingwenya kanye nama-alligators zingabadli abayingozi. Lapho uhlangana nabo, akufanele uzame ukubheka ukuthi ngubani ngempela ophambi kwakho. Okokuqala, nakekela ukuphepha kwakho, bese unaka umhlaseli wakho.