Isayizi ukusuka undlunkulu kuya kwenkanyezi (ubude bomzimba kufika ku-20 cm, isisindo kufika ku-25 g). Ikhanda, i-goiter nesifuba kubomvu okukhanyayo, emuva, umsila namaphiko kunombala obomvu onsomi, isisu sikhanya pink. Izinsikazi nezinyoni ezincane zinombala onsundu, isisu sikhanye kunasemhlane. Isigaxa esiqinile soqhwane.
Ihlala izikhala ezivulekile ezinamachibi esihlahla sokwehla, imiphetho yamahlathi, imifula yezikhukhula kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zotshani obude. Ulungisa izindawo ezinamahlumela aminyene ama-shrubby. Isidleke sihlela ukuphakama kokukhula komuntu (kwesinye isikhathi kube phansi) kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-3 m, emagatsheni ezihlahla zezihlahla. Isidleke esidala inkomishi esivulekile siqukethe isiqu esomile futhi sakhiwe ngotshani, izimpande noboya. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-3-6, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onama-brown-abamnyama, futhi ifakwa kubo izinsuku eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-14. Owesilisa uyondla yena namachwane, njengoba insikazi ihlala nawo isonto lokuqala ngemuva kokuqokwa.
Idla ekudleni kwesitshalo - imbewu yezitshalo ze-herbaceous nezinama-bush, amajikijolo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi idla izinambuzane.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amalensi akhipha ubukhona bawo ngengoma ekhishwa ngabelungu, edluliswa ngokuthi "saw twist" (nge-infrogative inconation) noma ethi "tiyu-ty-tu".
Ukuchazwa kwenyoni
Uhlobo lwensimbi luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-22 zezinyoni zomndeni ezihlutshiwe. Zonke zihlukaniswa ngokuhlabelela okukhanyayo okudumisayo nezinsalela ezihlangene zabesilisa. Amagilebhisi abizwa nangokuthi "ondlunkulu obomvu", ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokufana ngosayizi. Abadala bavame ukuba nesisindo esingama-80 g, ubude bomzimba bufika ku-18 cm, amaphiko, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe amasentimitha angama-20-25. Izinsikazi zincane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Umbala wezinwele ezilingana nezinswelaboya zesilisa ucebile ngokukhohlakala: ikhanda nentambo yempepho iphenduka ukukhanya okukhanyayo emuva nesisu, futhi amaphiko nomsila onsundu. Kepha izinsikazi nezilwane ezincane ziziqhayisa ngobuhle obunjalo, maye, azikwazi. Zonke izimpaphe zazo zipendiwe kumnqumo nge-tint brownish. Izinsimbi zesilisa zithola izingubo zazo zasebukhosini kuphela ngemuva kwe-molt yesibili.
I-lentt enkulu ye-lentil
Izinyoni zabantu abadala azikho ngaphambi kuka-Agasti. Izinyoni ezincane zithola iplamu ebomvu ngemuva kokuqhuma kwekwindla. Ngemuva kokuqothula kwekwindla, amaplamu kumalobi amakhulu athola ithoni ejulile necebile. Entwasahlobo, umbala wepeni uyaqaqamba futhi ubenempilo.
Lapho zigcinwa ekudingisweni, ukuguqulwa kwezimpaphe kumalenzi aqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi bese kuphela ngoSepthemba.
Incazelo Nezici
Inyoni engu-lens esesithombeni ibukeka njengondlunkulu onezimpaphe ezipeyintiwe. Empeleni igama lakhe lesibili undlunkulu obomvu. Ngempela, ngosayizi usondele kakhulu kulokhu okunezinwele, futhi futhi ungowokuhleleka kwama-Passerines. Kepha umbala uhlukile kakhulu. Uhlobo lwakudala: ubulili obuqine ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ubukeka buhle kakhulu, ungumbusi.
Umbala we-plumage uphelele nge-tint ebomvu, ukholoni wefriji esifubeni ume kahle kakhulu. Isifuba nesisu zibomvana ngombala opinki, ngaphansi kwezingalo nangaphansi kwesiqaqa sezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ziyabonakala. Ngezansi kwe-nape, umbala uba mnyama kancane, udlulela emuva nasemaphikweni asesimweni somthunzi we-chocolate onomphetho wobisi oluzungeze imiphetho. Lapho ikhula idala, umbala okhanyayo 'wembatho' yayo: umthunzi wedada eliqhakaza kancane kancane ugcwala “ijusi” le-cherry noma le-raspberry.
Kulezi zinyoni ezincane umehluko phakathi kobulili obuqinile nobuthakathaka umakwe ngokucacile. Izinsimbi zensikazi azinakho kukhanya kangako ezingubeni zazo. Ukubukeka kwakhe kunesizotha kakhulu. Ingubo ngombala onsundu ngombala nge-nondescript swamp hue, izimpaphe ze-ocher esiswini.
Kunamakhanye akhanyayo emaphikweni. Intsha isondele ngombala kwabesifazane, umbala kuphela omfushane futhi omnyama. Bathola ingubo enhle ngokushintsha izimpaphe kabili, ngamanye amagama, ngemuva kwe-molt yesibili. Umzimba wenyoni ubushubile, ikhanda lihle. Uqhwaku lincane, kepha lukhulu futhi luqinile, lubunjiwe kancane ngesimo.
Imibala yeleyili yabesilisa nabesifazane ihlukile komunye nomunye
Umsila ungamamitha ayi-7 ubude ngokufiphala okungashisi, amaphiko nawo amafushane, aze afike ku-8-9 cm. Le nyoni inesisindo esingu-75-83 g. Abantu besilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Ukucula kukaLentil i-sonorous, ivumelanayo futhi iyanelisa endlebeni yomculo, yona le nyoni ihlonishwa ngokufanele yibo bonke abathanda izinhlobo zezingoma.
Lezi zinyoni ziyingxenye yomndeni wama-Finches, okuyi-subuamam ye-carduelis. Ukucula kwe-Melodious kuyisici sabo esikhulu, kutholakala cishe kubo bonke abamele. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zelensi (futhi kukhona ezingama-22) zinomehluko othile ngombala nosayizi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingahlukaniswa ngendawo yokuhlala:
- Imililo - ejwayelekile ngopende, okuyisibonelo sakudala kunazo zonke,
Izinhlobo ezintathu zihlala eNyakatho Melika:
- Izindali zaseMexico - Ukwakheka kwalolu hlobo kufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10. Isici sakho konke kungumsila oqondile ekugcineni (ngaphandle kwesikhuni emaphethelweni) nomlomo obunjwe ngesigaxa obunjwe phansi esisekelweni. Udwetshwe nge-burgundy ngombala obomvu, amaphiko amile, i-terracotta ngephethini emhlophe,
- Izinsimbi ezibomvu - ngemuva kwekhanda kukhona "i-yarmolka ebomvu", konke okunye kusondele kuma-lentil ejwayelekile,
- Owezinwele ezihlosiwe - Umzimba uphuzi, amaphiko apendwe abomvu ngemivimbo emhlophe, ngasemaphethelweni wombala we-chocolate, uqhwaku luphinde lube nezingxenye zezimpaphe ezikhanyayo,
Zonke ezinye izifaniso yizakhamizi zase-Eshiya:
- Amalethini apinki - hhayi inyoni efudukayo. Ihlala eCentral Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan) kanye naseTien Shan.
- Ama-lentunis kaJuniper noma upinki omncane (obekade ebheka okuphakathi kwawo), wabelana ngendawo nesihlobo esedlule. Ijazi lowesilisa elinombala we-sitrobheli lihlotshiswe ngamamaki wesiliva ezihlathini nasebunzini. Abesifazane abasebasha nabesifazane banezimpaphe ezinombala wekhofi ezinemiphetho enokhilimu. Lolu hlobo lukhulu kunosayizi “undlunkulu”, futhi lunomsila omude.
- I-lent (iSinayi) lens - izimpaphe zabesilisa zibomvu okwe-carmine futhi zipinki, izinsikazi nabantu abasha banezinsiba eziphuzi ezikhanyayo, esimnyama kancane emhlane. Kubhekwa njengesinye sezimpawu zeJordani.
- Amalethi amakhulu - ngempela, mkhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zomzimba, umzimba ungaphezu kwama-20 cm, amaphiko angamasentimitha ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu.Ekusondele ngosayizi hhayi kundlunkulu, kepha kuya kwesikhumba esimnyama noma esimnyama. I-plumage is fluffy, izimpaphe zinde. Isendlalelo esivamile se-plumage sibomvu ngokubomvu, sinamabala aluhlaza okotshani ngoparele. Ekhanda kukhona i-crest encane. Kubandakanya ama-subspecies amathathu - iCaucasian, iMongolia neCentral Asia. Kusuka kumagama ongaqonda ukuthi ahlala kuphi.
Lalela izwi lezikhulu ezinkulu
- Izinsimbi ezibomvu ezibomvu - uhlala eHimalaya, abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngobuningi bombala obomvu obuthuntu obomvu.
- I-reel ebomvu (amatshe amadwala) - uhlala phezulu kakhulu, aze afike ku-3000 m, ezintabeni zaphakathi kwe-Asia. Iduna elingenhla komsila linezimpaphe ze-raspberry kanye nensipho ebomvu ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ithoni eyinhloko ingwevu yesiliva. Izinsikazi, njengasosonke isikhathi, azinhle kakhulu - izimpaphe zazo zingwevu omnyama, nokukhanya okuluhlaza endaweni yomsila.
- Amabhele waseSiberia - kuyacaca ukuthi uhlala eSiberia, ezingxenyeni zalo ezisempumalanga neziphakathi. Kulesi zinhlobo, izinsikazi zidwetshwe ngombala opinki, kanti nezamadoda, kunjalo, eziqhakaza ngisho nangokwedlulele, umbala omnyama we-fuchsia obomvu (pink pink nge-lilac hue). Zinephethini le-motley ezimpondweni ezimnyama nasemuva, ekhanda kanye nasezimpaphe ze-goiter zesibhakabhaka sasekuseni (zipinki ezipinki),
- Ama-Belt amathathu - Ihlala emahlathini aphakamile akhanyayo entshonalanga yeChina. Umbala ucebile futhi uqhakazile kunokuba wamukelwe njengejwayelekile.
- I-lentea ye-Beaver, isici esiyingqayizivele imicu ekhanyayo esesimo “samashiya” ngaphezu kwamehlo. Ihlala eHimalaya, emngceleni we-Afghanistan nePakistan, entshonalanga neChina. Ilungiselela izindawo ezisezintabeni, kusuka ku-2400 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zelensi yeplamu zifana kakhulu.
- I-lentils ebomvu enewayini (amagilebhisi asukuma). Ihlala emahlathini apholile nasempumalanga yeNepal neChina. Umbala ungachazwa ngempela ngokuthi "umbala wama-Cahors aminyene." Ezimpondweni kukhona umthunzi we “wayini enesinamoni”, namazwibela amhlophe anjengezimbali zikakhukhunathi.
- I-Alpine lentils - wakhetha ukuhlaliswa kweTibet kanye neHimalaya. Okukhulu kunezihlobo zabo eziphansi. I-Plumage isondele kwelejwayelekile.
- AmaLenticular Lentils - izimpaphe ezibomvu-zegazi zabesilisa "besilisa", zihlala ezintabeni zaseHimalayan.
- Amaleti akaliwe - Amalobolo amaningi ane amabala ansundu, apinki futhi abomvu amabala, kulolu hlobo zinaka kakhulu. Ukuphila endaweni ye-Indo-Malaan (indawo yaseNingizimu neNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia)
- Amalobolo akhokhiswe kancane - umlomo ubenciphile kunowommeleli ojwayelekile, ibele limnyama. Ihlala enyakatho yeNdiya neChina.
- Lentil Blanford - umbala wezimpaphe usondele kwe-classical, uhlala eNdiya, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan.
- Amathambo weRoborovsky - Umdanso we-tapet waseTibetan, indawo yokuhlala - India, China, Nepal, izindawo zezintaba,
Imililo
Isikhathi sokuzalela ezinkweleni ezinkulu siqala engxenyeni yesibili kaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Ukuhlangana kwezinyoni kuvezwa ngokunyakaza okungafani nalokhu. Owesilisa ucindezela ngokucophelela i-ekhanda kuye ekhanda, wehlise amaphiko awo, welulele umsila wawo bese ujika ngapha nangapha, ushaya amaphiko awo.
Ngesikhathi sokwethula, konke ukunyakaza kwabesilisa kuhambisana nokucula okukhulu.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izindawo ezinakekela izingane ngokuyinhloko ziPhakathi ne-Asia Ephakathi, kubandakanya iSiberia ne-Urals, kanye neMpumalanga Yurophu nezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Imvamisa ubabona esifundeni se-Anadyr, esiqhingini iSakhalin naseKamchatka. Ngokugqashuka kweSoviet Union yangaphambili, enezinwele zitholakala cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kweMoldova neTranscarpathia. Inezindawo eziningi zaseNdiya, China, Afghanistan, Iran, neCaucasus.
Lezi zinyoni zindizela ubusika ziye eningizimu ye-Asia. Kepha phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezingandelani ndawo ebusika futhi zihlala endaweni yazo. Lezi zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifudumele. Bayakwazi ukundiza amabanga amade, naphezu kosayizi babo abathobekile. Ungazibona zingazelele eMalta, noma eSweden, nasenyakatho neHolland.
Imvamisa ifuduka imihlambi emincane. Babuthanela ubusika ukusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, babuye sekwephuzile, ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Ukuze uthole isidleke, khetha izihlahla eziwugqinsi emhlanjini noma ezindaweni ezigcwele ihlathi. Ungahlangana nenyoni enjalo emaphethelweni omfula, emlonyeni womfula, emathuneni ashiywe noma ezingadini ezindala. Abanye bahlala phezulu ezintabeni.
Kuhlala ama-Lentils lapho kukhona amahlamvu aminyene namanzi. Bahlala bavaliwe impela. Okwamanje lapho becela isidlo kuphela bacula, bakhulume, futhi sonke isikhathi sokugcina basitheke kakhulu. Ukuhamba ebusika kwenzeka ngokungacabangi, ngoba imihlambi yabo ayiningi.
Indiza iyashesha futhi ibushelelezi. Emhlabathini zihamba ngamamaki amancane. Ngobuhlakani kakhulu futhi ushukumisela ngokushesha emathangeni aminyene, unamathele emagatsheni ngezinselo zawo, weqa futhi wagxuma. Kulabo abazozitholela lezi zinyoni, sincoma ukuthi baqale bazenzele igumbi (ikheji noma i-aviary) ngendwangu enombala okhanyayo, banamahloni kakhulu.
Amahora wosuku kufanele okungenani abe ngamahora ayishumi, ngakho-ke iseli kumele linqunywe kude kakhulu nefasitela. Futhi ebusika udinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Imvamisa ziqukethe inyoni eyodwa noma i-pair yazo. Kepha kufanele zigcinwe zodwa kwezinye izinyoni, zingalwa futhi zixabane nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ngemuva kokujwayela indawo entsha, bangazalela ekudingisweni.
Spread in nature
Izinhlobo zelensi zibhebhetheke kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo eziseYurophu. Futhi, le nyoni itholakala eNyakatho Melika. Izindawo ezivame ukwakhiwa izidleke zazo yizikhala ezivulekile: izimbila namahlathi akhanyayo akhiwe eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Le nyoni ifihla emathangeni hhayi aminyene, lapho kuzwakala khona ukucula kwayo okuzwakalayo okuzwakalayo.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, amaleyili achitha impilo yawo ezindaweni ezigcwele izihlahla nezihlahla. Ngokuvamile, zitholakala emifuleni yezikhukhula ezinemifino enezitshalo ezincane.
Ukucula Kwezinyoni ukushaya ukuzwa komuntu ngomculo wakhe nekhono lokuguqula ngendlela ephakeme imisindo. Imisindo abayenzayo iyasikhumbuza okuthile kwe- "tyu-viti," "wena-viti-saw," nokunye.
Lalela ukulalela kwenyoni yelensi
Ziphila impilo yansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi ezisegatsheni zezihlahla nezihlahla, ngaleyondlela zibalekela izinyamazane ezizizingelayo. Izitha eziphambili zalezi zinyoni zingamawele, izinduku, amakati nezinyoka.
Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinyoni ziyafuduka futhi ebusika zithutha ziye esifundeni eseningizimu sendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ezinye izinhlobo (ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zezinkulisa zaseningizimu) ziyaxazululeka.
Umsoco
Imenyu yemifino iyisisekelo sokudla kwabo. Zigibela imbewu emincane yemidumba kanye nesambulela, kanye nama-buttercups kanye ne-sedges. Ababelethi bondla amachwane ngembewu yokhula lwe-clove. Njengamaprotheni, izinyoni zisebenzisa izinambuzane ezincane. Imvamisa lezi yizimbungulu ezincane, amacimbi kanye nama-aphid.
Amajikijolo, ikakhulukazi ama-bird bird avuthiwe, i-juniper, i-blackberry ne-hawthorn ayithanda kakhulu. Kanye ne-buckthorn, honeysuckle ne-viburnum. Ukwakheka kokudla kuchazwa yindawo yokuhlala nenkathi. Entwasahlobo iyi-efihlekile yezihlahla, amachibi womoyane, bese kufika isikhathi sembewu, izinambuzane.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, ukudla kucishe kube yisitshalo; kusetshenziswa imbewu engamhlanga yomhlanga nomhlanga. By the way, inyoni ibadlela ebusika. Uma amasimu we-oat esondelene nezidleke, izinyoni ziyazihlwitha, zigobela phansi oats.
Ekudingisweni, udinga ukubondla ngezixutshwana ezincane zokusanhlamvu, imbewu yamakhambi nezitshalo abazijwayele, kanye namajikijolo owathandayo. Ungapha imifino nezithelo ezibunjiwe, amakhambi. Kufanele kube khona njalo amanzi okuphuza.
Ubulukhuni bokuqukethwe yikuthi ngenxa yokudla okukhethwe ngendlela engafanele, balahlekelwa izimpaphe, kufinyelela emphethweni, futhi izimpaphe ezintsha zingavele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathambekele ekufutheni ngokweqile, awukwazi ukubaphuza ngokweqile.
Izici Zobusika
Amagilebhisi inyoni ejwayelekile. Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, indiza isuka ezilinganisweni ezisenyakatho iye ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Asia. Uhlala endiza eSiberia, enze umbuthano ongajwayelekile, futhi abuye ngendlela efanayo. Kungakho entwasahlobo, amameyili avela kuphela ngoMeyi, ngokushesha aqale ukudleka.
Izitha zemvelo zomdanso we-tap
Photo: Uhlobo lomdanso wempompi ubukeka kanjani
Ngokumangazayo, izazi zezilwane azikatholakali ukuthi ngubani ngempela oyisitha somdanso omncane wompompi endle. Kunemibono kuphela kuleso sipho. Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu zikholelwa ukuthi i-birdie encane kunezitha ezanele.
Kusindisa inyoni ubuhlakani bayo, ukushesha nethalente lokufihla izidleke zabo. Kunzima kakhulu ukubona isidleke sompompi, kufihlwe endaweni eyisicaba eminyene kakhulu noma esihlahleni esiphansi sezihlahla. Izinyoni azindiza phezulu ezindongeni zazo; ngokusobala, ziyasaba izinyamazane ezinkulu ezinamabala.
Ngokusho kwemicabango eyahlukahlukene, ososayensi babheka izitha zomdanso we-tap njenge:
- amakati ajwayelekile
- abamele umndeni we-marten,
- izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama
Ama-Cunyas akhuphuka izihlahla kahle, ngakho-ke angalimaza isidleke somdanso we-tap, izilwane azijabuleli amachwane nje kuphela angavikeli, kepha namaqanda enyoni. AmaRosette ahlala edolobheni noma eduzane nezinye izindawo zokuhlala abantu angahlushwa amakati ajwayelekile athanda ukuzingela izinyoni. Izinyoni ziba sengozini ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho zibhabhela eduze kwabantu ukuze zizondle, ngoba ebusika zingaba nzima kakhulu izingane.
Vele, umuntu angahlukaniswa njengesitha salezi zinyoni, yena, enza umsebenzi wakhe wezomnotho ongakhathali, angenelela kuma-biotopes wemvelo, ethatha izindawo ezahlukahlukene ngezidingo zakhe, ebalekela izinyoni ezindaweni angahlalwa kuzo, anqume amahlathi futhi athinte kabi isimo semvelo sonke, okuthinta kabi impilo yezinyoni.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ngemuva kokuqala ubusika, babuyela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Futhi masinyane qala ukwakha isidleke. I-Lentil bird monogamous, imibhangqwana yakhelwe isikhathi eside. Baqinisile komunye nomunye, insikazi igcina eduze kwesoka layo. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yesimo sayo sokungqubuzana, owesilisa isikhathi ngasinye kufanele avikele zombili uzungu nolwakhe.
Ngesibindi nangokuzithoba uxosha okhethiwe kanye nensimu yabanye abantu. Ngalesi sikhathi, umngane wenza isidleke. Indoda isempini, unkosikazi uqinisa ezwa umndeni. Isidleke sakhiwa ukusuka kwesigamu semitha kuya kumamitha amabili ngaphezu komhlaba. Imvamisa indawo lapho kukhethwa khona ezinye izinyoni.
Isibonelo, bangahlelela indawo yokwenziwa kwezihlahla ezihlanganayo zamagatsha amancane we-alder (“imishanelo yabathakathi”), noma phakathi kwesiqu esikhulu. Yakhiwe kusuka kumacembe, utshani, utshani, amahlumela ama-curly, izimpande nokunye okokusebenza kokusetshenziswa. Isakhiwo esinobubanzi obungafika ku-16 cm sibukeka singelutho, sithutha, iziphetho zeziqu ezinkulu zinamathela ezinkombeni ezihlukile.
Ilayishwe ngesitshalo i-fuzz noma i-moss. Akukho zimpaphe esidlekeni, kwehluka kanjani ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni. Isikhathi esidlekelwa ngaso sibonisa “amakhonsathi” amaningi abesilisa, ngalesi sikhathi bayakhuluma futhi bacule kakhulu, bendiza besuka egatsheni baye kwelinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho esezophula isigubhu, umculi ulungiselela izimpaphe - ukhipha izimpaphe, aphakamise i-crest, ahlale esihlahleni, anikeze isifuba sakhe - bese kuthululwa ingoma ye-sonorous. Izwi lezililo Okwamanje, iyabubula futhi icwazimula ngama-trill; kuyabonakala ukuthi umzali uthokozela ukubuya ebusika, ukudala isidleke esisha kanye nenzalo elindelwe.
Ngezinye izikhathi, bahlala be-phlegmatic futhi bakhetha ukuthula. Ehlobo, kwakhiwa i-clutch eyodwa kuphela, lapho amaqanda engekho ngaphezu kwezi-6 enombala othakazelisa kakhulu: Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ngombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala omnyama onsomi, onsomi noma wamalahle wentaba. Ekupheleni okufiphele, lezi zidalwa zakha iphethini efana ne-whisk.
Ubukhulu bamaqanda busuka ku-19 * 13 kuye ku-22 * 16 mm, kuya ngezinhlobo zezinyoni. Owesifazane othile ubabambile, kuthi emva kwesigamu senyanga amachwane aqandusele. Bobabili abazali bondla izingane. Uma ubheka isikhathi, khona-ke ekuqaleni kukaJuni ungathola ukubumbana ngokuphelele, eduze nokuphela kukaJuni, amaphuphu avele ezidlekeni, kuthi kuthi ngemuva maphakathi noJulayi, ukusuka ekhaya labazali kuqala.
Ngendlela, kulula kakhulu ukuthola isidleke, izinyoni ezindala azizinzanga futhi zinamahloni, zindiza zivela endaweni ezinobungozi obusondelene, ziqala ukundiza ngokungahambi kahle phezu kwayo. Kepha ukufika kuye akulula kangako. Kuzofanela silwe ngamathanga nezimbabazane, sibambeke esixhaphozini, size siqiniseke ukuthi amagatsha awalimazi ubuso.
I-Lentil bird Nest eneClutch
Ngemuva kokuba amachwane echithekile, amadlozi aqala ukuphila impilo eshisiwe nenesizotha. Izingoma azizwakali, azama ukuhlala emthunzini. Kunomuzwa wokuthi lonke iholide lokuphila ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo.
Abazali "baphila" izinyanga zasehlobo, vele bezilungiselela ubusika kancane (abantu abafudukayo). Ngalesi sikhathi, izidleke kunzima ukuzithola, kwesinye isikhathi kuphela lapho ungizwa khona ukukhala okukuzayo kwabantu abasha. Imvamisa, ama-lentil aphila iminyaka engama-7-8, futhi ekudingisweni, futhi nokuqukethwe okuhle, aze afike eminyakeni eyi-12.
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo
Sekukonke, uhlobo lwamadola lubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-22.
Izinhlobo zelensi zinezici ezithile zeplamu, kepha, okokuqala, ziyahlukahluka endaweni yazo yokuhlala. Iningi lazo lihlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-Asia. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ama-lentil ejwayelekile angabahlali baseYurophu ngokuphelele. Ama-lentel aseMexico atholakala eNyakatho Melika.
Amalethi amakhulu
Ama-lentiloti amakhulu, ngokwegama lawo, makhulu kunezihlobo zawo: ubude benyoni bungama-20 cm noma ngaphezulu, ubude bephiko bube ngamasentimitha angama-10. Okusho ukuthi, uma izimbumbulu ezivamile zikhulu nje kancanyana kunondlunkulu, khona-ke izimbambo ezinkulu zifana ne-thrush noma inkanyezi. I-plumage ibuye ihluke - i-fluffy futhi ende inamabala esiliva kwimuva elibomvu-pink, i-crest encane iyabonakala ekhanda lenyoni. Izinkampani ezintathu ezingaphansi kwakhe - ama-lenta amakhulu aseCaucasian, aseMongolia naseCentral Asia - ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zase-Asia, ngokusho kwamagama.
Ama-Belt amathathu
Izinsimbi ezinamaboda amathathu zihlala ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga yeChina, emahlathini acwebile acwebile. Amapayipi amnyama futhi acebile ukwedlula awokudla okuvamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona:
- izintwala zenyosi,
- i-lentils ebomvu yewayin,
- i-lentaba ye-alpine,
- lentle enhle
- i-lentel ebomvu ebomvu,
- insimbi ezibomvu,
- insimbi onsomi
- insimbi enamabala,
- amaloyizi amancanyana,
- Blanford Izilokotho
- amalobolo kaRoborovsky,
- lentil edward.
Ukuzalela ekhaya
Ukuze ulondoloze ilensi, udinga ikheji elibanzi, elibekwe endaweni enokhanyayo. Kunconywa ukuqala inyoni eyodwa noma ezimbalwa zazo, kodwa kungcono ukungazigcini ngokuhlangana nezinye izinyoni, ngoba zinokushayisana.
Ekuqaleni, ekhaya, ama-lentes angaba namahloni futhi angakwazi ukuphumula. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ingqamuzana limbozwa ngezicubu ezikhanyayo. Ngemuva kokuba izinyoni zijwayele ikhaya lazo, zingazala amathole.
Kwibhodi elilodwa, ama-lentiladi ngokuvamile anamaqanda afinyelela kwayi-5 anamachashazi ansundu aqhakazile. Izinsikazi ziyazidonsa amasonto amabili, emva kwalokho amantshontsho akhula cishe izinsuku ezingama-20.
Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile esikweletini sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-8, futhi singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-12.
Izindlela Ezinkulu Zokubamba
Amagilebhisi awenzeki emasimini noma emahlathini aminyene. Bathanda izindawo eziseduzane nemifula, amachibi, imifudlana enamahlathi aluhlaza okotshani. Izinyoni zihlala emahlathini aphakemeyo, emithambekeni yelanga enezindawo eziphakemeyo ezinezitshalo eziphakemeyo ezinezimbali eziphakeme, ezinezindawo ezigcwele amatshe, inqwaba yamatshe ne-talus, kanye nezindawo ezincane zamahlathi ama-birch nama-rhododendrons ezinwabuzelayo. Ebusika, izinyoni zidla ezigodini zama-gorges asezintabeni phakathi nemifula egcwele izihlahla.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, ama-lentiloti amakhulu aqonda ngqo ezigodini zemifula yezintaba, ekhetha izihlahlana zamabhishi ezihlabayo.
Ukondla
Njengoba ama-lentil ayizinyoni ezidla okusanhlamvu, kunconywa ukuthi ziphathiswe izitshalo zikakolweni, imbewu yezihlahla namakhambi, izingcezu ezincane zezithelo nemifino, nemifino. Ukwelapha kwangempela ngezinsimbi amajikijolo ama-bird cherry, juniper ne-hawthorn. Futhi, izinyoni zidinga amanzi amaningi okuphuza. Ukuze ugweme ukubukeka kwesisindo ngokweqile kumalenti, kungcono ukubondla kancane.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:
- Olozi luyizinyoni ezijwayelekile ezithandanayo; ngemuva kokubhanqa, insikazi yakhela isidleke ibambe amaqanda, kuthi owesilisa athole yena namathole,
- Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi selobolo siyaziwa - bahlangana kabi nezinye izinyoni ekhaya, futhi ngemvelo abesilisa bahlela ukulwa kwangempela kwendawo,
- ekhaya, amalensi ajwayele ukukhuluphala, njengoba edla kalula, yingakho beluleka izinyoni ezincane,
- Ukuncibilikisa kuwuphawu lwokwenza ama-lentil, ngakho-ke ekhaya kubalulekile ukugcina amahora abo okukhanya kwelanga (okungenani amahora ayi-10 kosuku ngosuku) futhi ulondoloze ukudla okwanele.
Kuyathakazelisa
Ukuthola isidleke selobolo kulula impela - owesilisa uvame ukujabulisa umngane wakhe ngokucula “titivititin”. Ngemisindo ekhumbuza igama elithi "lentil," izinyoni zabizwa ngegama lelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphela ngesikhathi sokunikeza izidalwa kanye nezidleke, ungabona futhi uzwe lezi zinyoni ezibomvu. Ngezinye izikhathi, baphila indlela ethule futhi ethule.
Amagilegwe akhonza i-bird cherry ne-shrimp - emva kwawo kuvame ukundizela emapaki, akha izihlahla kumbhalo wokugcina.
I-Nightingale ebomvu-enenwele - incazelo, indawo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Lentils (avela kwi-Latin Carpodacus) iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo emndenini we-Finch, umyalo wamaPasseriformes. Kuya ngezinhlobo inyoni lensimbi uhlala e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu.
Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningi nokubhaliwe kwalawa chordates, okuyinhloko kunikezwa ngezansi:
- Ama-lentel-red-lentes (avela kwi-Latin Carpodacus cassinii) - indawo yokuhlala yaseNyakatho Melika,
- I-Lentil bird (kusuka eLatin Carpodacus erythrinus noma iCarododus) - indawo yokuhlala iseningizimu ye-Eurasia, uthuthele eningizimu naseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia ebusika,
- Izindunduma zikaJuniper (noma i-juniper) (ezivela eLatin Carpodacus rhodochlamys) - zizinza ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseCentral naseCentral Asia, ezitholakala nasempumalanga mpumalanga ye-Altai. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokubhaliswa:
Esithombeni, ama-lentjuniper
- Amaleyili apinki (avela kwiLatin Carpodacus rhodochlamys grandis) - azinza ezintabeni zaseTien Shan, aze afike emazingeni aphakeme ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-Altai, empumalanga ye-Afghanistan kanye naseHimalaya. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi:
1. I-Carpodacus rhodochlamys rhodochlamys,
2. I-Carpodacus rhodochlamys grandis,
- AmaLentils aseMexico (avela kwiLatin Carpodacus mexicanus noma i-Haemorhous mexicanus) - IHabitat yiNyakatho Melika (iMexico, i-USA kanye neningizimu yeCanada). Kuningi okubhaliselwe.
- Izinsimbi ezi-This-This (kusuka ku-Latin Carpodacus nipalensis),
- Owe-lententular lentils (kusuka ku-Latin Carpodacus eos),
- Amaleyili amahle (avela kwiLatin Carpodacus pulcherrimus) - indawo enkulu yiHimalayas,
- I-Red Finch (evela kwiLatin Carpodacus puniceus noma iPyrrhospiza punicea) iyisidalwa esingandile esihlala eCentral Asia ephezulu ezintabeni,
- Izinsimbi ezi-Purple (ezivela kwi-Latin Carpodacus aimureus) - zihlala ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika,
- I-lentils ebomvu yeayini (kusuka ku-Latin Carpodacus vinaceus),
- Ama-lentel-red-brows (avela kwi-Latin Carpodacus rodochrous) - le nyoni ikhethe izindawo eziphakeme zaseHimalaya njengendawo yayo yokuhlala,
- Amaleyili amathathu-amabhele (kusuka ku-Latin Carpodacus trifasciatus),
- Ama-lentils ahlukaniswe (avela ku-Latin Carpodacus rodopeplus),
- Izinti zentambo (ezivela ku-Latin Carpodacus synoicus),
- U-Lentil Blanford (wase-Latin Carpodacus rubescens),
- Izindledlana zeRoborovsky (ezivela eLatini Carpodacus roborowskii noma Carpodacus Kozlowia roborowskii) - kwendawo yokuhlala - i-alpine Tibet (amamitha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-4 ngaphezulu kwezinga lolwandle),
- Izimbobo Zendondo (kusuka ku-Latin Carpodacus edwardsii),
- Ama-lenteli aseSiberia (avela kwi-Latin Carpodacus roseus) - indawo yokuhlala kwentaba ye-taiga eseMpumalanga kanye ne-Central Siberia,
- Inyoni enkulu yelenti (kusuka eLatin Carpodacus rubicilla) - uhlala ezindaweni ezinkudlwana zaseCentral and Central Asia, iCaucasus ne-Altai. Ine-subspecies:
1. Ama-lento amakhulu e-Caucasian (rubicilla),
2. Ama-lentils amakhulu aseMongolia (i-kobdensis),
3. Amaleyili amakhulu ase-Central Asia (severtzovi),
4. diabolicus,
- I-lenteli ye-Belobrovy (evela ku-Latin Carpodacus thura),
- I-Alpine lentils (evela kwi-Latin Carpodacus rubicilloides) - ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zezintaba ezinjengeTibet neHimalayas,
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni zinamapulangwe afakwe ngaphakathi ezibomvu nangama-pink shades ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, ikakhulukazi ikhanda, intamo kanye nesifuba. Abesilisa bahlala be-motley xaxa maqondana nabesifazane. Umehluko ngombala ngezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ungabonakala kalula isithombe sezinyoni zelenti.
Usayizi walezi zingoma ezincane kakhulu, izinhlobo eziningi zinesidumbu somzimba ngaphandle kondlunkulu. Izinhlobo ezinjengamaleyili amakhulu nelezintaba zikhulu kancane kunezihlobo zawo emndenini, ubude bawo bomzimba bufika ku-20 cm noma ngaphezulu.
I-Macaw parrot
Igama lesi Latin: | I-Carpodacus |
Igama lesiNgisi: | Kuyacaciswa |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Isigaba: | Izinyoni |
Ukuhlonza: | Ama-Passerines |
Umndeni: | Qeda |
Umusa: | Imililo |
Ubude bomzimba: | 18 cm |
Ubude bephiko: | 9 cm |
I-Wingspan: | 20-25 cm |
IMisa: | 80 g |
I-Lentil Range
Imililo - inyoni efudukayo. Ibanga lokusatshalaliswa kwalo libanzi. Lezi ikakhulukazi iSiberia, iCentral ne-Asia Ephakathi, naseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, inyoni itholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo (ngaphandle kweTranscarpathia neMoldova). Imililo ise-Urals, naseShugor, nase-Ust-Tsilma. Imvamisa ungathola inyoni emingceleni yamahlathi asenyakatho, endaweni eyi-Anadyr Territory, eSakhalin naseKamchatka.
AmaLentils ahlala eChina, Afghanistan, Iran naseCaucasus. Ngokujabulisayo, naphezu kwensimu, umuntu angabona ikhefu ebangeni lama-lentil:
- kusuka eTranscarpathia kuya eBessarabia ngasemngceleni we-steppe Ukraine.
- Phakathi kweVolga neDon.
- Ingxenye esempumalanga yezintaba iTien Shan.
Amagilethi awahlali ku:
- E-Asia Ephakathi (ezindaweni zayo eziwugwadule).
- ISoutheast Altai.
- IMongolia.
Ziyakwazi ukundiza amabanga amade. Yize sincane, inyoni iyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Wabonwa emkhakheni weSweden, iMalta, iHolland, njll. Njengezindawo zobusika, uthanda isifunda saseNdiya naseningizimu mpumalanga yeChina. Lokhu kuyayihlukanisa nakweminye imihlobiso, ngoba ngokuyisisekelo lo mndeni ugcwele endaweni yethu.
Lapho kuhlala khona
Le nyoni ebomvu yaqhamuka eSiberia, kodwa ekugcineni yasakazeka emhlabeni wonke, futhi manje inendawo ebanzi ebanzi. Izimpilo eChina naseKorea, ezintabeni zase-Afghanistan, eCaucasus, e-Iran, eCentral nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ensimini yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union, lisatshalaliswa cishe kuzo zonke izindawo, ngaphandle kweMoldova naseTranscarpathia. Kukhona abamele ama-lentilandi eSiberia, izifunda ezisenyakatho (iMurmansk, iMagadan, iSakha-Yakutia), empumalanga yeRussia isatshalaliswa eKamchatka, eChukotka naseSakhalin.
Amagilebhisi akhetha ukuthambeka azungeze futhi axazulule lapho kunomswakama owedlulele. Esikhathini esiningi, ukhetha iziziba zezikhukhula, lapho ihlathi likhula khona kakhulu, kodwa lihlala emaphethelweni ehlathi. Ihlala ibonwa ezakhiweni zasengadini nasemathuneni. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, kuhlala emaphethelweni ehlathi, ezifundeni zezifufula nezamachibi ezikhukhula, emadwaleni.
Izici zamandla
Amagilebhisi ziyinyoni ezijwayelekile eziklolodayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, zondla ngembewu yamakhambi asendle nezihlahla. Bathanda, ngokwesibonelo, imbewu ye-dandelion. Zikhiqiza amajikijolo, kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane. Ekhaya, ukudla akukhona ukukhetha, kepha kuthambekele ekudleni ngokweqile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Ama-lentunis kaJuniper
Kugcwele eKazakhstan, umbala wesidoda uhlukaniswa ngombala we-pink hue onobuhle obunamachaphaza esiliva nasebunzini. Izimpaphe zezinsikazi nezinsikazi zinsundu ngombala omhlophe ogqamile. Ama-lentilamu e-juniper amakhudlwana kunelensi ejwayelekile futhi anomsila omude.
I-reel ebomvu
Inhlobo le yaziwa nangokuthi i-rock lentils, ngoba itholakala kuphela ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseCentral Asia endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000. Owesilisa une-tack purple kanye nekhanda elibomvu elikhanyayo nentamo. Owesifazane uhlukaniswa ngokwesiko ngengubo emfushane emdaka ngethayela eliluhlaza okotshani.
Owesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu
I-dimorphism yezocansi kuma-lentil kukhulunywa kakhulu. Owesilisa angabonakala kalula ngamapayipi abomvu onsomi, akhanya kakhulu ekhanda nasentabeni. Kepha izintokazi zibukeka zinesizotha impela - imibala yazo iyahlukahluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kompunga onsundu.
Yini lentils bacula ngayo
Ukucula ama-lentil kuyinto emnandi kakhulu futhi i-melodic, yokwazisa kwayo otholwa yizihlobo zezingoma. Emaphephandabeni wayo angaqondakali, ibinzana elithi "Vitya libonile" lizwakala kahle, futhi imisindo yengoma ifana negama lenyoni uqobo “che-che-vi-tsa”. Abesilisa abasebenzayo kakhulu bezinkomo bahlabelela phakathi nenkathi yamanje, futhi sonke isikhathi sezinyoni ziziphatha ngokuthula nangokuthula.
I-Nesting nokuzalela
Ama-Lentils ikakhulukazi akhetha indlela yokuphila eyedwa, ahlala ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokudlekwa. Kwenzeka into efana nokuzumeka: abesilisa bagibela phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka esihlahleni, bakhombise ukugqoka kwabo, begqoke izimpaphe ezishintshashintshayo, bacule ngokuzwakalayo futhi isikhathi eside, bezama ukwedlula umphikisi futhi babonise ukwahluka kowesifazane. Kwezinye izikhathi ukuxabana phakathi kwezimbangi kuphakama, kuphetha ngaphandle kokulimaza isitha. Ekugcineni, insikazi ibuka ukusebenza kwethayi elingaphansi noma phansi yenza ukukhetha kwayo.
Ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi ibheka indawo yesidleke, bese bobabili ababambisene bezakhela indlu isizini ezayo. Njengomthetho, indawo yisihlahla noma uhlobo oluthile lwesihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi ingakhetha isitshalo lapho ezinye izinyoni zingahlali khona impela - ngokwesibonelo, esihlahleni sezimbabazane. Indlu yenziwa iphansi kakhulu kusuka emhlabathini, imvamisa - ixhaphozi kanye nebhokisi lomlilo. Isakhiwo esomile ngonyaka odlule, amahlumela otshani, ukhula, okusanhlamvu nezinye izitshalo ezikhula eduze kusebenza njengezinto zokwakha. Ugqoko lwenziwa ngokunakekela ngokunganaki (amabala otshani namahlumela anamathela kuzo zonke izinkomba), kubukeka njengendebe ekala amasentimitha ayi-16-20. Phansi kubekwe phansi okwabo nabanye abantu phansi, izimpaphe, izingcezu zoboya, utshani nezimpande.
Okuwukuphela kwekhontrakthi phakathi kwehlobo kwenzeka ngoJuni (yize eningizimu, izifunda ezifudumele lokhu kungenzeka ngoMeyi). Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-3 kuya kwayi-6 ngegobolondo eliluhlaza okotshani, ifakwe amachashazi amnyama amade angama-18-16 milimitha. Owesifazane ubandakanyeka ekufukameleni, owesilisa, okwamanje, uletha ukudla, avikele isidleke nentombi kuzivakashi ezingamenyiwe nezingoma ezihlabelelayo.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-12-16, amaphuphu ayadonsa, nokucula kuyayeka - wonke amandla anikelwe ukondla izingane. Futhi ekuqaleni kuphela ubaba ohlanganyela ekudleni - umama uthola amandla akhe. Ube eseqala ukunakekela inzalo. Abazali baletha izinambuzane, i-starfish nama-oats njengokudla. Izingane zisondele kubazali bazo izinsuku eziyi-15, bese zithatha iphiko ziqale ukuziphilisa.
Uhlobo lokuhlala
Njengesici esivelayo sokubolekwa ithambekele ekufudukeni isikhathi eside. Kepha abantu abakhethe izidleke ezindaweni eziseningizimu bathambekele kakhudlwana enkambisweni yokuphila.Kunzima ukuthola imingcele eqondile yohlu lokuzalela, ngoba akuyena wonke umuntu odlekayo. Fika sekwephuzile. Imvamisa, ukufuduka kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kanye neshumi leminyaka likaMeyi.
Le nyoni ihlala ihamba ngemihlambi emincane yabantu abangu-10-15. Amalungu abantu afinyelela kwabangu-50 kwesinye isikhathi ayaqapheleka. Kusukela ngo-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ama-lentes aqala ukufuduka ebusika. Imvamisa, iqondiswa ohlangothini oluseningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga kanye ne-Asia.
Kubukeka kanjani
Ingqikithi kunezinhlobo ezine zokukhokha zelensi - Ama-red-cap, ezejwayelekile, apinki kanye nejuniper. Zonke zinokwehluka okuncane ngosayizi nombala. Ukubuka okubanzi usayizi omncane (kungadluli undlunkulu).
Izinsikazi zinombala obomvana, nesisu silula kunasemuva nangeplamu elinsundu. Abantu abasha bafana ngombala nabesifazane. Abesilisa abanombala okhanyayo. Zinomsila, amaphiko nomhlane, futhi ikhanda nesifuba zibomvu ngokugqamile. Isisu sipinki. Kwabanye abamele izinhlobo, isifuba sibuye sipinki. Umbala ogqamile kangaka wenza lezi zinyoni zibonakale.
Habitat
Inyoni ngayinye ayakhethi isimo sezulu esithile kuphela, kodwa futhi nemvelo. Ukukhetha okujwayelekile - izimbiza ezimanzi ngezihlahla. Zitholakala kaningi emithangeni, emathuneni, ezingadini. Emazweni anezintaba, akhetha ukuhlala emaphethelweni amahlathi, izigodi zezihlahla nezihlahla ezigqume izintaba. Izihlahla nezihlahla ezinamahlathi zithandwa kakhulu emahlathini.
Umsoco weLentil siqukethe isizinda sesitshalo. Udla ikakhulukazi imbewu yezitshalo ezinjengebhotela, i-fox sedge, isambulela nezinsimu. Imikhaza iphekwe ngembewu enezithelo. Njengomthombo wamaprotheni, abazali bazitholela izinambuzane ezihlukile. Imvamisa lezi yizimbungulu kanye nezinambuzane ezincane.