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INetherlands yaba ukubonga okudumile ngokufinyeleleka okuhlukahlukene kakhulu ekupendweni, ekwakheni umkhumbi, kubuciko bezinto zasengadini ezihlabahlose. Futhi balibonga kakhulu leli lizwe ngokudla imifino, kwaba amatilosi endawo afunda ukupheka izinhlanzi ukuze lufanele idili lobukhosi. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha isikhathi eside i-herring yathathwa njengenhlanzi enyanyekayo kunazo zonke.

U-Ode kumakhambi

Othile uzothi: “Cabanga nje, nami nginenhlanzi e-herring. Simnandi, angiphiki, kepha akukho lutho olukhethekile ”- futhi kuzoba okungalungile impela. IHering ingumthombo omuhle kakhulu wamavithamini A, D no-B12, ocebile ngama-acid amaningi abalulekile namafutha ezempilo. Ngeshwa, umzimba wethu awukwazi ukuzikhiqiza ngokuzimela, futhi lama-asidi kufanele abekhona ekudleni kwabo bonke abazama ukuhola impilo enempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho i-herring enamafutha kakhulu yaseNorway iqukethe amakhalori angaphansi kakhulu kunokhalo olunamafutha aphansi, kanti izinzuzo zama-acid e-Omega-3 acid aqukethe kule nhlanzi ziningi izikhathi ezinkulu. Lawa ma-asidi akhulisa ukuzivikela komzimba ezifweni ezahlukahlukene ezingalapheki, athuthukisa isimo sesikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho, futhi futhi anesibopho sokukhula nokukhula kwamaseli omzimba (ngenxa yalokho, ama-asidi we-Omega-3 ayinto ebalulekile ekukhuleni okugcwele kwezingane zethu).

Ingqondo yomuntu ngamaphesenti angama-60, kanti ama-omega-3 fatty acids okungenani amaphesenti angama-30. Lezi acid ezifanayo zivimbela ukukhula kwe-atherossteosis ne-cholesterol ephansi yegazi.

IHering (igama lesiLatini elithi "clupea") yinhlanzi yomndeni we-herring, ekhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-50 futhi isondelene ngokusondelana ne-herring, amahlumela nezinhlumela. Uhlobo lwe-herring luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zezinhlanzi ezisatshalaliswa olwandle olunomsindo nokubanda, futhi ngokwengxenye endaweni eshisayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zemanzini zasolwandle futhi azingene emanzini acwebile, ezinye zingezenhlanzi ezifudukayo futhi zingena imifula lapho zidalwa khona. Ukudla kwabo kwenziwa ngezilwane ezincane ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ama-crustaceans amancane (iningi lama-Copepods), kepha izinhlanzi ezincane nazo zingena esiswini sazo. IHering ibonakala ichitha ingxenye yempilo yayo ekujuleni okukhulu. Ukuqhekeka kwayo kwenzeka unyaka wonke nasezindaweni ezihlukene ngezikhathi ezihlukile. I-herring enkudlwana iqhuma ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-130 ukuya kwangama-220, i-herring encane isondele ogwini, kwesinye isikhathi amamitha ayi-2 ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi, futhi imvamisa ezindaweni ezingaphansi kolwandle. Ukuze iqhume, i-herring iqoqwa ezikoleni ezinkulu, kwesinye isikhathi iba mnene kangangokuba ingcindezi evela ezinhlanzini ezingaphansi ibuthela phezulu emanzini.

Ngokumangazayo, eminyakeni engamakhulu ayisithupha edlule, iningi labantu alikwazanga ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi i-herring yayilungele ukudla. Ukuhogela okungapheli kawoyela wezinhlanzi kanye nokufutheka kwakhona akuzange kushiye nelinye ithuba lokuthi le nhlanzi idliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-herring ingenye yezinhlanzi ezikhuluphele kakhulu, ngakho-ke icatshangwa ngokushesha kakhulu, ngenxa yalokhu kufanele icutshungulwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokubanjwa. Ukusuka lapha, okusha, kusuka esikebheni, i-herring kudliwa kuphela emadolobheni asogwini. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi i-herring yande kangaka?

Izwe eliphayona ngalolu hlobo lokudla kwasolwandle yiHolland. Futhi ukusungulwa kwendlela yokuhlanza inhlanzi, lapho kuzogcina ukunambitheka kwayo futhi kulahlekelwe konke ukushiyeka kwayo okumbalwa, kungokomdobi olula wasedolobhaneni laseBierflit eDutch Flanders, uWillem Jacob Beikeltson, owayebizwa nje ngokuthi u-Beckel. Kwakunguye, eminyakeni engaphezulu kwamakhulu ayisithupha eyedlule ngeminyaka yama-80 yekhulu le-14, waqhamuka nalokhu okulandelayo: ngemuva kokudoba, inhlanzi enesisindo esingama-gramu angama-50 kuye kwangama-70 yafakwa amathumbu, kwasuswa amakhethini, kwasala ama-pancreas kuwo, futhi afakwa emiphongolweni kuhlanzekile, kufafazwe izingqimba zikasawoti. Ukufaka izinzwa ukunambitheka kwayo okungafaniyo ngosuku olulandelayo futhi ngalokhu kwelashwa kungagcinwa iminyaka. Kuze kube namuhla, i-herring enhle kakhulu yamaDashi kuwo wonke amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu ibizwa ngokuthi "i-beckling" (ukuhlonipha iBeikelzon) futhi ihluke ngokunambitheka kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezilandelwayo zikapula, enezimpande ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukile (kepha konke kuyindlela efanayo) kwamanye amazwe futhi ihambisane nezindlela ezahlukile zasendaweni izinhlobo ze-herring - iScotland, isiNorway, isi-Icelandic. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe ngo-1397, amaDashi abonga ambeka isikhumbuzo. Namuhla ithuna lalomdobi olula liyindawo “yokuhamba” kwabantu abaningi. Abantu ahamba nabo nabavakashi abaningi bayamvakashela, bemkhokhela umuntu onikeze umhlaba iresiphi eyingqayizivele ye-esiphundu enjalo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye elula.

Ngakho-ke, indlela ye-herring herring, ehlongozwa yiBeikelzon, yayikhazimulisa ngokushesha ekuqaleni kulo lonke elaseHolland, naseYurophu yonkana. Ngo-1390, umgqomo wokuqala onesifo se-herring enosawoti washaya etafuleni labaseDenmark abajwayelekile. Futhi maduze iHolland ihlomisa “umkhumbi” wayo iYurophu. I-Hiding isiphenduke impahla engamanzi kakhulu. Kepha yafika eRussia ngekhulu le-15, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 yayithengiwe izinkulungwane zemiphongolo, futhi kakade ngekhulu le-17. IHering ibe ngesinye sezitsha eziphambili (kanye namazambane abilisiwe) etafuleni labantu baseRussia.

IHering ayikaze ithiwa ngobumnandi obuhle kakhulu - abantu abavamile, amatilosi, abadobi kanye nabantu abampofu bakhona bakujabulele. Kamuva, njenge- "isidlo sabantu", i-herring yathutha futhi yaya ematafuleni ama-elite, ayenikezwe ngama-sturgeon nama-oysters. Babonge futhi bathandana ne-herring emazweni ahlukahlukene, hhayi eHolland kuphela, kodwa nasePoland, eNgilandi, eRussia, njll.

IHering ibambe indawo ekhethekile emnothweni waseHolland wekhulu le-17. Empeleni, bekungokubonga ukusungulwa kwe-herring herring ukuthi i-Amsterdam yafika endaweni ehamba phambili kwezentengiselwano yokuhwebelana yaseYurophu. "I-Amsterdam yakhelwe emathanjeni e-herring." Uma i-Renaissance ikhulule umoya, khona-ke i-herring ikhululile nomnotho. Impilo esadumile kaJoseph de Bry “Dumisani uHering” (Dresden, 1656) (Bray, Josef de (? - 1664)) ihlelwe ngokuzungeza kabusha inkondlo iculo uJacobi Westerban (Jacobi Westerbani Minne-Dichten, Harlem, 1633). Nayi inguqulo yakhe yangempela:

Mdumiseni herring I-herring enosawoti ihlanzekile, Amafutha, amanoni futhi amade Kakade ngaphandle kwekhanda Sika ngobunono esiswini nasemhlane, Kususwe isikhumba. Kufakwa ngaphakathi Okubomvu noma okuthosiwe ngomlilo, Ungakhohlwa ngomnsalo, Futhi ngaphambi kokuhlwa Ilibangise ilanga lonke Kudliwe ulambile. Ngalesi siqeshana, Usayizi ofanayo nesinkwa sabantu abampofu, Kudliwa isinkwa seRye. Ukwelashwa okuhle UTeriak akakwazi Ukuze ngikufanele ukudunyiswa. Sip, muhle kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, Bred noma Harlem ubhiya Noma kusuka emathaveni eDelft, Uthatha isiphu Ibuye ilingane, ibushelelezi futhi iyashelela, Ukudakwa futhi ekuseni. Futhi uma uzizwa kabi Futhi uvulekile, ukhewula, uyagaya, Angakwenza ube musha futhi uthokoze futhi. Futhi uphilise kusuka ku-Cathars, Okuqhamuka ekhanda Futhi bathuthela esifubeni namazinyo. Futhi kuyasiza ukubhala kahle, Futhi poop ngesikhathi, Futhi imimoya uyayibhuqa Okudinga ukudla neziphuzo. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kube ngenye indlela Lapho umuntu odla herring enosawoti ngentokozo, Ungcono kakhulu kunomuntu omude futhi ophefumulayo Ufisa ukugcwalisa izigqoko zakhe ngeziphuzo.

Njengamanje, i-herring ibanjwa kusetshenziswa i-pelagic trawl, amanetha, izindandatho zokukhala. Ukubanjwa konyaka kwe-herring kufinyelela izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane zezigidi.

Usawoti wamaDashi usawoti obanjwe lapho emikhunjini, lapho kulayishwa khona imigqomo kasawoti. Cishe izinkukhu eziphila bukhoma (okusho ukuthi, amakheshi akhe ayasuswa), zifakwa emiphongolweni bese ziguqulwa ngosawoti. Umkhumbi ubuyela ekhaya kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ukugcwala konke kwemigqomo kugcwele i-herring. AmaScot aletha wonke amahholo e-herring ogwini ngokuvamile ngosuku lokudoba. Lapha, inhlanzi ingena ezindaweni zokusebenzela usawoti, lapho iphekwa khona ngezindlela ezifanayo nezaseDashi. Umehluko obalulekile ngukuthi i-herring ayikhethiwe iphila, nemithambo yegazi ayichithi gazi, njengalapho kukhiwa amacici aphilayo. Kulokhu, i-herring enosawoti iboniswa ubumsulwa nobumnene benyama. Inxusa likaHering eScotland libuye lenziwe ngosawoti owomile ngqo emigqonyeni futhi ngaphandle kwesiqandisini. ENorway, ukuhlohla kuthathelwa indawo ngokususa nje ibhuloho phakathi kwekhanda nesiqu ngaphansi kwama-gills, okungagawulwa. Ngenxa yokuthi esikhathini esiningi ukuloba kwenziwa ngemigwaqo emikhulu evimba yonke imigilingwane (ulwandle) kanye nenhlanzi ingena kubo inesisu esigcwele ukudla, i-Norring herring iphansi kakhulu, ngoba yimbi kakhulu ngekhwalithi.

AmaDashi asadumile emhlabeni wonke ngendlela yawo efanelekile yokwenza i-herring, ngenxa yawo okuyi-gourmet evela kulo lonke elaseYurophu eza eNetherlands. I-herring enhle kakhulu yamaDashi ibizwa ngokuthi ama-maatjes haring - "herring girl" noma "i-herring virgin", okungukuthi, eyodwa engazange iphonse amaqanda ngaphambi kokubanjwa. Ukuzingela ukwakhiwa kwezintombi ezintombikazi kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ngokuqala 'kwenkathi yezinkukhu', egujwa eHolland ngemijaho ekhethekile yokudoba - umkhumbi ongowokuqala ukuletha ukubanjwa kokuqala kokufika ogwini. "Izintombi ezi-herring" ezithengisiwe "emgqonyeni wokuqala" ziyaphuma endalini ngemali enhle kakhulu (umgqomo onjalo namuhla ungaletha ku- $ 60,000). Ungazama i-"herring ye-virgin" entsha kusuka kwamanye amabha kunoma iyiphi ikona ye-Amsterdam noma amanye amadolobha amaDashi. Ngenkathi, kubiza ipeni, bayithengisa kudoti obekwe ekhadibhodi, no-anyanisi, oqoshiwe oqoshiwe, ukhukhamba ophuzi okhanyayo kanye namafutha omnqumo. "I-herring" yangempela yamaDashi inyibilika emlonyeni wakho njenge-ayisikhilimu ethambile.

AmaNorway, abantu basolwandle abanjengoDashi, nabo bayayithanda i-herring. Umlobi waseNorway uMartin Andersen-Nexe wake wathi eNorway kuyisiko ukudla i-herring izikhathi ezingama-21 ngesonto (okungukuthi, kathathu ngosuku). Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso: lapha ungakhonza kalula i-herring ibhulakufesi, ukunambitha ngososo abahlukahlukene nezoso. I-herring yaseNorway idume ngombhalo wayo omkhulu futhi nokuqukethwe kwayo kwamafutha aphelele - e-USSR yangaphambili, yafika emashalofini ngaphansi kwegama eliningi lokungaqondakali le "hola polar". Umlobi waseFrance u-Alexander Dumas ubaba: "ngokuzimela" onguchwepheshe wezokulungisa nokudla gourmet, wayekholelwa ukuthi akubanga nencazelo emnandi kune-Norman herring. Umlobi weGreat Culinary Dictionary futhi oyithanda kakhulu i-herring, uDumas uchaze isigaxa esinenhlonipho ngesifiso sangempela seGallic: “IHering yaziwa yibo bonke. Ngizokusho nokuningi: bambalwa abantu abangamthandi ... Ubusuku nobusuku ungabuka amacici acwazimulayo ngayo yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka, njengedayisi elingashabalali lamaJuda asendulo. Ebusuku - ngokukhanya okwenziwe yi-phosphorescent, futhi ntambama - ngemihlambi yezinyoni ezidla izinhlanzi, zishona ngezikhathi ezithile olwandle olujulile futhi zikhuphukela phezulu zinombani wesiliva emqhonyeni wazo. "

AmaDanes futhi azi okuningi nge-herring, futhi akhonza okuyi-fillet yakhe enobucwebe ewayinini lesithelo - le yi-appetizer efanayo "ye-materia" manje ephekiwe kuzo zonke izindawo zokudlela zomhlaba. Izigxobo zithanda ukudla i-herring ngama-linseed uwoyela, u-anyanisi novodka, iBritane iyithambisa emafutheni wemifino bese uyiphuza nobhiya ...

Izindlela zokupheka ze-herring ezidume kakhulu, njengomthetho, zihlukaniswa ngokuthi "ukudla okubandayo", kungaba yi-herring sauce noma i-herring ku-way sauce, futhi kungaba yi-mincemeat noma i-roller grill. IForshmak (enguqulweni yamahhala “ngaphambi kokudla”) ukuziqhenya kwe-cuisine yamaJuda, i-appetizer ebandayo ye-herring ebunjiwe ithelwe itiye noma ubisi, futhi kuxutshwe nesinkwa, amaqanda kanye nama-apula. Kunezindlela eziningi ezinhle zokupheka ze-forshmak emlandweni, futhi, njengenjwayelo, ngamunye wabagcini bayo uqinisekile ukuthi le ndlela yokupheka yiyona ehamba phambili. I-Rolmops iyifa lamasiko amasiko wokudla waseJalimane aseNyakatho, lesi sidlo esimnandi siyisiqeshana esisha (kanti i-herring ingahle ibe isha - ingadingeki okunosawoti), i-herring, ihlanganiswe kahle ikhukhamba eligayiwe futhi iphekwe ngaleli ikhukhamba le-prosaic ku-vodice ebabayo. AmaRolmops akhonzwe nesixha sazo zonke izinhlobo zososo okumnandi noma amazambane abunjiwe.

Abantu baseSoviet, ngendlela, babethanda i-herring uthando oluvutha kakhulu - ngoba kungenye yemikhiqizo embalwa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ngezinye izikhathi yayingathengwa ngokungafanele ezitolo. E-Russia, i-herring igqoke “ijazi” elinguningi, engezwe kuma-vinaigrette, noma kumane kufakwe etafuleni namazambane abilisiwe, ibhotela, ithonsi likaviniga nezindandatho zikakhrisimu, u-anyanisi omubi. Kunzima kumuntu waseRussia, engxenyeni enkulu kakhulu kude nolwandle nolwandle, ukucabanga ukuthi i-herring, kuvela ukuthi empeleni ayinakuba ngosawoti kuphela, kodwa futhi ibe yintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngale ndlela, i-herring ingamangalisa umbono we-gourmet uma, kunjalo, angayipheka kahle. Okokuqala, i-herring kufanele incishiswe kancane - ungazami ukuyifaka emanzini, kungcono ukuyibeka endishini bese uyishiya eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi. Ukusuka herring entsha, ungenza izindlebe ezinhle, ungayigingqa ngfulawa bese gazinga ibhotela, noma ungabhaka ku-rack yocingo.

Ngokuvamile, i-herring enosawoti, enosawoti noma ekhethiwe ingenye yezidlo zentando yeningi futhi ngasikhathi sinye. Ihlala yenza umthamo omuhle. Kanye nesinkwa esimnyama nekhukhamba, i-herring ibhekwa njenge-appetizer yasendulo, futhi namazambane abilisiwe - esinye sezitsha ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Kukhona njalo indawo ye-herring etafuleni lemikhosi.

Ukubeka i-herring kahle etafuleni kuwubuciko. Isigaxa, esithengwa ngobuningi, noma i-herring enamakhambi enosawoti ngokuvamile siqukethe usawoti owedlulele, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuwucoca kwesinye isikhathi kudinga ukufakwa emanzini. Kulokhu, ubisi luvame ukusetshenziswa, kepha ukwenziwa kwetiye namanzi kufanelekile. Uma ufuna ukumangaza abathandekayo bakho futhi wenze okuthile okungajwayelekile kusuka ku-herring enosawoti, zama ukugcwaliswa okuhlukahlukene nososo, ngokwesibonelo, ngemayonnaise. Futhi ngosawoti ukhilimu omuncu, kuhamba kahle nge-apula eligayiwe - ungakhohlwa ukufaka nje ushukela omncane, ujusi kalamula kanye neparsley. I-Hering ithatha ukunambitheka okukhethekile uma kunambithiwe ngesinaphi. Ngabe unquma kanjani ukuthi inhlanzi enosawoti oyithengile ilungile? I-herring enosawoti ngokugcwele ibonakala ngokuhlanganiswa kombala, inyama eminyene, futhi, ukunambitheka okhethekile okumnandi kuphela. Inqaba enosawoti ihlukanisa phakathi kwe-herring enosawoti (kusuka ku-12-14% usawoti okuqukethwe), usawoti osezingeni eliphakathi (okuqukethwe okuyi-8-12% kasawoti) nosawoti omncane (okuqukethwe kwe-6-8% kasawoti). Amafutha we-Atlantic anosawoti omncane (okungenani ama-12%) i-herring ithathwa njengento yobudlova. Inyama e-zifakwe emanzini anosawoti ivame ukuthamba futhi inencasa kunokuba inosawoti. Izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene ze-spice zinikeza i-piquancy ekhethekile ukunambitheka nephunga. Ngale ndlela, amaDashi ngokwawo adla i-herring ngesinkwa esimhlophe, afafazwe u-anyanisi oqoshiwe, bese ehlanza ubhiya noma isiphuzo esiqinile saseDutch "Zhenever". I-marinade yamaDashi yilapho ushukela, ujusi kalamula, upelepele, izaqathe, i-lavrushka, u-anyanisi kanye nopelepele kufakwa kwi-herring entsha, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukungayivezi kakhulu inhlanzi, usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili zizokwanela i-herring ukufeza ukunambitheka okuhle!

Ekugcineni, ngiletha ukunakekela kwakho izindlela ezimbili ezilula ezivela ku-herring (cishe uyazi izindlela eziningi zokupheka isaladi eyaziwa ngokuthi “herring ngaphansi kwengubo yoboya”!):

Iresiphi Yokuqala:
I-herring e-1, ibhotela le-150 g, ushizi we-2 ukhilimu, izaqathe ezi-3 ezincane. I-peeling herring, ihlukaniswe namathambo, ubilise izaqathe kanye no-peel. Bese udlulisa i-herring, izaqathe, ibhotela, ushizi ku-grinder yenyama noma usike ku-blender u hlanganise kahle. Isisindo sokwenza i-herring singasakazwa kwisinkwa, amaqanda agxishwe ... Unleash umcabango wakho!

Iresiphi yesibili (kwalabo abathanda ukudla okunamafutha):
I-peeling herring, ihlukaniswe namathambo bese usika, usike inani elikhulu le-anyanisi bese ucwilisa ku-apula noma uviniga weviniga ukuze unciphise ukufutheka futhi unikeze ukunambitheka okubabayo. Hlanganisa u-anyanisi ne-herring, engeza isanqante esiphelile eKorea. Isifiso sokudla!

Indawo yokusatshalaliswa nenani lezimboni

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi i-herring yinhlanzi yasolwandle. Iningi leManzini aMnyama, eCaspian, iBaltic kanye nolunye ulwandle oluningi. Ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi kahle. IHering ibanjwa ngisho nasogwini lwaseGreenland.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-herring zizizwa zimnandi emanzini amasha. Inothile kule nhlanzi ebalulekile yezentengiso, ngokwesibonelo, iDanube neDon.

Emazweni amaningi afinyelela olwandle, ukudoba ezimbonini nge-herring kuyinto eza kuqala emnothweni. Ezindaweni zemvelo zale nhlanzi, kutholakala kakhulu imikhumbi yaseRussia neyaseNorway.

Izici zomndeni nezinhlobo

Umndeni we-herring ubanzi impela. Onke amalungu ayo anesakhiwo esifananayo somzimba - amade futhi athambile kusukela emaceleni. Imishini yokwenza i-herring inomhlathi ophansi owandisiwe. Amanoni ngokuvamile anemibala emnyama kunomzimba wesiliva. Ummeleli ojwayelekile womndeni ngumbhedo ojwayelekile.

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zalo mndeni zilinganiselwa ku-188. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nezinye izingosi ezingaphansi komhlaba. Kokunye okubhalwe phansi kwe-herring etholakala emashalofini ethu, okulandelayo kuvame kakhulu:

• i-atlantic herring kanye ne-pacific
• herring
• Danube
• I-Baltic herring.

Izinkomba zokuqala ezimbili ziyefana kangangokuba akubona bonke abadobi abanolwazi abahlukanisa komunye nomunye. Ngokuvamile iPacific ayilikhulu kangako. I-Baltic herring incane, ilula, kunamathambo ambalwa kakhulu kuyo. IDanube incane kakhulu, kilokhilogremu kukhona izinhlanzi ezingama-5-7, kepha inamafutha futhi inothile ngokwengeziwe. Kukhona noDon, kepha kuthengiswa futhi kudliwe ngokushesha eduze kwezindawo zokubanjwa, njengolwandle Olumnyama. Amatshe olwandle ahlala emancane kune-olwandle olwandle.

Ukupheka kokusetshenziswa

Ukudoba izinhlanzi kusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-appetizer ebandayo, amasaladi, ama-pastes. Amafilitha nawo alungiselelwe kuwo ukuze abe namafilidi, ama-pancake, ama-proferoles. Ukushunqulwa i-herring, kusikiwe, kuyamukeleka ukuthi isebenze njengesilondolozi esizimele sotshwala obunamandla, yize izinhlanzi zivame ukuhanjiswa newayini elimhlophe.

Le nhlanzi ilungele ukupheka ukudla okulula okune-cuisine yase-Asia, ngokwesibonelo, “Iye” isaladi. I-caviar nobisi oluyilungelo elilinganayo ngokulinganayo luyi-217 kcal nge-100 g.

IHering kungenye yezinhlanzi ezimbalwa,, ngentengo ephansi, ebamba isikhundla kumenyu ye-gourmet. Amandla okupheka i-herring emnandi kubhekwa njengokubalulekile futhi kuyinkomba yompheki wanoma yiliphi ibanga.

Imithetho Yesalting

Mhlawumbe le iresiphi evame kakhulu. Izinhlanzi ezine-herring enosawoti ziyisengezo esifanele izitsha eziseceleni zamazambane. Ungasawoti inhlanzi yonke, noma usike kube yimichilo noma uthathe iziqeshana ezilungelene nomgogodla nezimbambo. Isimo kuphela esisuswayo. Zingenza i-brine ibe nomunyu.

Ukuze usawoti we-kilogram of herring udinga 2,5 tbsp. l usawoti. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa usawoti wokugaya "okungeziwe", kungabi nge-herring, noma enye inhlanzi. Kepha ulwandle olukhulu lulingana ngokuphelele. Ungasebenzisa bobabili inxusa le-brine nelomile.

Uma uthanda izinongo, engeza ama-peppercorns ama-5, amaqabunga ambalwa aphakathi nendawo, ama-3 clove ku-brine.

Hlambulula i-herring, uthele endishini, ufafaze ngosawoti kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Shiya usuku uma ufuna ukuthola usawoti omncane. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa i-brine, engeza u-600 ml wamanzi nenye isipuni sikasawoti. Abanye batusa ukungeza i-1 tsp. ushukela, kepha lokhu kungakhethwa. Ushukela uzokwenza inyama ithambe, kodwa akufanele wesabe ukunambitheka okumnandi, ngeke kube njalo.

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-herring

Ukuze uthole iresiphi elandelayo, izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zilungile: i-herring, i-saury, i-mackerel, i-herring. Bilisa ilitha lamanzi, engeza 2 tbsp. l uviniga, ingcosana ye-Cardamom, 0.5 tsp. upelepele omnyama, ama-4 clove, amaqabunga ama-3 bay, 2 tsp. ushukela no-1 tbsp. l usawoti. Lapho i-marinade selehlile, gcwalisa inhlanzi, ikhava bese uyima amahora ayi-8 kuya kwayi-8.

Izinganekwane kanye neqiniso nge-herring ethosiwe

I-herring yezinhlanzi isetshenziswa ngendlela ephathwa ngokushisa kambalwa. Futhi mayelana namahlaya. Eqinisweni, ungayithambisa le nhlanzi, kepha kuphela entsha, ayinasawoti. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umkhiqizo onjalo awunazo izimfanelo ezikhethekile zokunambitha. Enye into ukuthi i-herring iphekwe esigxotsheni. Lokhu kungenye indlela enhle kakhulu kuma-mackerel abiza kakhulu. Gut inhlanzi, ufafaze ngengxube kasawoti kanye nopelepele ngaphandle nangaphakathi emgodini, ufafaze ujusi kalamula bese ushiya amahora ambalwa. Pheka i-herring ku-grill noma kwi-grill, uvikele amalangabi ekushiseni. Ukungabikho kukajusi obomvu ogelezayo kanye nohlobo oluhlaza lwesikhumba kuyizimpawu ezizwakalayo zokukulungela.

I-Braised Hering

Ukudoba izinhlanzi nakho kuhle ngesimo esilungisiwe. Futhi i-arvyatic gravy izoba ukwengeza okuhle kumazambane abunjiwe, ilayisi eyonakele, iphalishi le-buckwheat noma i-pasta.

Sika i-herring ibe yizicucu 2 cm ubukhulu, uthele ku-cauldron ehlanganiswe no-anyanisi. Thela inhlanganisela yamafutha elanga elicwengekile netiye elinamandla. Faka izinongo, usawoti. Imizuzu engaba ngu-40. Ungathumela i-cauldron kuhhavini - isikhathi sokupheka sizoba yingxenye yehora. Uma usebenzisa i-herring, ungayipheka ngokuphelele ngale ndlela.

Ubungako bemikhiqizo bume kanje:

• 0.5 kg yezinhlanzi
• 2 anyanisi,
• 0.3 tbsp. amafutha
• 1 tbsp. itiye elimnyama eliqinile (kungenzeka nge-bergamot noma i-prunes),
• usawoti - 0.5 tsp.,
• pepper ukunambitha
• idlanzana le-anyanisi ikhasi, i-turmeric - ngokuzikhethela, ukunika umthunzi.

I-herring eyomile

I-herring enosawoti, yiqiniso, isidlo esimnandi futhi esiguquguqukayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ungakhathala ngisho nokudla okuthandayo. Uma uyazi ukuthi ungawusawoti kanjani u-herring, ngeke kube nzima ukupheka le nhlanzi ngefomu elomile. Ungasebenzisa yona iresiphi oyisebenzisela usawoti. Ngemuva kosuku, khipha inhlanzi, hlambulula ngamanzi, iba manzi. Thinta isidumbu noma vele wenze ukubhoboza iso ngamehlo ukwenza iluphu. Bambelela ku-hood, ngaphezulu kwesitofu esifakiwe. Umlilo kufanele ube maphakathi. Vula i-hood bese ushiya inhlanzi ihora. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, phinda inqubo kuze kube yilapho inhlanzi iba yilokho okufunayo. Khumbula ukuthi i-herring iyinhlanzi enamafutha, kungakuhle ukuyilengisa ngaphandle kwendandatho, kodwa phakathi kwabo, ubeka isitsha sokudonsa uketshezi ngaphansi kwenhlanzi.

Ungawomisa kanzima futhi uthole umthamo omuhle wobhiya. Noma ungavele ubune kancane, unikeze inyama ukungaguquguquki okungajwayelekile. Izakhamizi zezindlu zangasese ezinethuba lokomisa i-herring emsini we-bonfire zizothola umkhiqizo onambitheka ngendlela engajwayelekile onephunga elithe xaxa.

Ukubhema ekhaya

Mhlawumbe iresiphi elandelayo izoba ukutholakala kwangempela kuwe? Izinhlanzi ezenziwe nge-herring zasekhaya aziphambani neze ngaphansi kwezidakamizwa ezibunjiwe ezazithengiwe. Ungakhathazeki, akudingeki ukuthi uvune izinkuni bese ukhohlisa ikhanda lakho ngepayipi elisusa intuthu. Konke okudingayo kungenzeka kutholakale kalula.

Hlanza futhi usule i-herring emibili, usike i-fillet eduze neziqongo. Usawoti, upelepele bese ubekela eceleni isikhathi esikhona.

Sakaza ucezu lwe-foil cishe ngo-30x30 cm ngosayizi phambi kwakho bese ufafaza enkabeni isipuni seqabunga letiyi elomile: luhlaza, mnyama noma umnyama ngesithelo nesengezo sezimbali. Sisonge emvilophini, siyinameke ngenaliti ohlangothini olulodwa bese uyibeka ngaphansi kwepani elikhulu elomile. Mboza bese uqala ukufudumeza. Lapho kuvela umusi onephunga elimnandi, beka ipuleti lapho izigaxa ze-herring zilele ngqo emvilophini ngetiye. Mboza bese ubila imizuzu engaba ngu-20.

Ukubamba ubisi ne-caviar

Le mikhiqizo isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-pulp. Ubisi ne-caviar kungathosiwa, kubheme, kumiswe, kepha abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi akukho lutho oluhlanzekile kunosawoti, nquma kahle bese ubeka isangweji nebhotela. Uma ukha amanzi noma usawoti usawoti, ungathumela i-caviar nobisi ku-khophi efanayo (marinade) njengezidumbu.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-herring?

Yikuphi inhlanzi efaneleke kakhulu kumazambane ngokugqoka umfaniswano we-rustic noma ngamazambane asencane anamabala noma ukhilimu omuncu? Izitsha eziseceleni zalesi sihlahla semifino kule ndaba.

Inhlanganisela ye-herring enosawoti noma ehlanganisiwe ngebhotela nesinkwa esinsundu iyathandwa. Le nhlanzi ihambisana ngokuphelele nesinaphi no-anyanisi abasha. Ukhukhamba owenziwe ekhaya, ama-sauerkraut no-cask amakhowe nawo angamadlelane angangeneki we-herring.

IHering ine ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu, bekungcono kunemibandela yendawo yayo. Ngakho-ke, i-Atlantic herring, enhle kakhulu ekunambithekeni kwayo, evele ogwini lwaseNorway, iHolland nase-Iceland, iyisimo esithandeka kakhulu sokukhuluphala kwaso, isizathu salokho okuwukuqondisa kwemisinga yolwandle. Abantu lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-herring bathola amagama ahambisanayo "isiNorway", "Dutch" ne "Icelandic". Banokunambitheka okumnandi, ithenda, inyama enosawoti kahle nephunga eliqukethe i-herring.

Kokuphilayo okutholakale endaweni yaseRussia, izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu "yi-herring yasebukhosini" noma ihholo. Ingaqashelwa kalula ngomhlane wayo omnyama, yingakho kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- “back back”. Itholakala olwandle lweCaspian, ifinyelela kubude obungu-36 cm futhi inamafutha afinyelela kuma-20%. Ngokungafani nezinye i-herring yeCaspian (yenani elincane ekunambithekeni), inenyama ethambile kakhulu futhi inosawoti kahle. Nge-herring ebanjwe olwandle oluseningizimu yeRussia, i-Azov-Black Sea herring, futhi ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zayo ezimbili, iDanube neKerch, nazo zihlukaniswa ukunambitheka okuhle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphansi kwamafutha, i-herring kuphela enosawoti omncane. I-Pacific (i-Far East herring) nayo iyaziswa. Yiyo (okuwukuphela kokuodwa okungenhla kwe-herring) engathola inani lamarekhodi - kuze kufike kuma-33%, kepha kepha phakathi nesikhathi esiphakathi kwabathengisi kungaba yiyona “engenamkhawulo” - iqukethe amanoni afinyelela ku-2% (okungukuthi, abe namafutha aphansi). Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu yenyama, le nhlanzi ingumkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu.

Ngokusho kokuqukethwe usawoti, i-herring kasawoti obuthakathaka iyodwa - okuqukethwe usawoti kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-10%, usawoti ophakathi nokusuka ku-10 kuye ku-14% kanti usawoti onzima ungaphezulu kwe-14%. Ngenkathi yokufaka usawoti, inhlanzi ingena ekuthini isebenze kanzima ngosawoti, futhi kancane kancane ngaphansi kwethonya lama-enzyme amaprotheni ayo, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate acutshungulwa aye esimweni esifanelekile sokulunga. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlanzi enosawoti ithola ukunambitheka nephunga elihlukile. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvuthwa. I-Atlantic ne-Pacific herring zitholakala kalula kule miphumela.

Izinga le-herring (ngokuya ngokusha kanye nohlobo lwenyama) lingalingana 1 noma 2 amamaki. Ukufakwa ebangeni lokuqala kunenyama eminyene enamanzi, akunakulimala esikhunjeni. Ukufakwa ebangeni lesibili kungathola iphunga elimuncu kancane ngenxa ye-oxidation enamafutha, kube nesikhumba esonakele sesikhumba, kuphuzi kancane, ukuthungwa kwenyama kungahle kube nzima futhi komile (kepha kungabi mnyama kakhulu), kungenzeka ukuthi kulimale omunye isikhumba sakhe (ngaphandle kwezinyembezi ezinzima). )

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-herring yebanga lesibili, uma ithelwe ngosawoti omncane, ingaqukatha amagciwane, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kucindezelwa kuphela ekuhlanganisweni kasawoti kwe-10 kuya ku-15%. Uma i-herring enjalo igcinwe kusisombululo se-usawoti-ke lokhu nakho ngeke kusilondoloze isimo, ngoba isikhunta nemvubelo imelana uviniga. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungathathi izinhlanzi ezinjalo.

IHering luhlobo lwenhlanzi oluvela emndenini we-herring (lat. Clupeidae). Umzimba, ocindezelwe kamuva, onqenqemeni lwesisu lwesisu. Isikali silinganiselwe noma sikhulu, kuyaqabukela kuncane. Umhlathi ongaphezulu awubukeli ongaphansi. Umlomo ulinganisile. Amazinyo, uma ekhona, aqabile futhi ayaphuma. Amaphethini endawo angobude obulinganiselwe futhi anama-ray angaphansi kwama-80. Dorsal Fin ngenhla kwesisu. Inhlawulo ye-caudal igcwele. Uhlobo lolo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60, ezivamile olwandle olushisayo nolushisayo, futhi ngokwengxenye ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zemanzini zasolwandle futhi azingene emanzini acwebile, ezinye zingezenhlanzi ezifudukayo futhi zingena imifula lapho zidalwa khona. I-Hiding yakhiwa izilwane ezincane ezincane, ikakhulukazi ama-crustaceans amancane.

Izici eziwusizo ze-herring

IHering idonswa kalula ngumzimba futhi ingumthombo omuhle kakhulu wamaprotheni, futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu le-phosphorus, iodine, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, zinc, fluorine. Ziyi-100. g kuphela zezinhlanzi eziqukethe cishe uhhafu wamaprotheni nsuku zonke. Izinhlanzi ezinamafutha, njenge-salmon noma i-herring, zinika umzimba okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 zamakhalori kunezinhlanzi ezimhlophe.

Ngokungafani namafutha agcwele emvelaphi yezilwane, amafutha angenazinhlanzi avela ezinhlanzini abhekwa njengawusizo kakhulu. Ngokusho kososayensi, yi-omega-3 fatty acid equkethe inhlanzi esiza ukuvikela izifo zenhliziyo, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi, futhi futhi ithuthukise ukuphuma kwegazi kuma-capillaries. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zilusizo olukhulu kumama abakhulelwe.

I-herring evuthiwe isilungele ukuqukatha efinyelela kuma-25% amafutha, cishe amaprotheni angama-20, amavithamini B12, PP, kanye. Ukwakheka kwamaprotheni e-herring kufaka ama-amino acid abalulekile.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi ukudla i-herring kunciphisa ezinye zezimpawu ze-psoriasis, kuthuthukisa umbono nokusebenza kobuchopho. Inhlanzi yasolwandle iqukethe amavithamini amaningi, ikakhulukazi i-vithamini D. Amafutha enhlanzi aphumelela kahlanu kunamafutha emifino, anciphisa i-cholesterol yegazi. Amafutha atholakala esibindini senhlanzi anamavithamini A no D. Izicubu zemisipha yezinhlanzi ziqukethe amavithamini e-B, asiza umzimba ukuthola amaprotheni.

Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi i-herring yenyusa okuqukethwe emzimbeni we- "cholesterol enhle" - abantu abashubile kakhulu, okuthi, ngokungafani ne- "cholesterol embi", banciphisa kakhulu ubungozi be-atherosulinosis kanye nesifo senhliziyo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLindquist uthole ukuthi amafutha e-herring anciphisa usayizi wamaseli wamafutha e-adipocyte, esiza ukunciphisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. IHering futhi inciphisa ukuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo ye-oxidation ku-plasma yegazi, okungukuthi, iqukethe ama-antioxidants.

Muva nje, kunemibiko eyanda futhi ethi bafuna ukudla izinhlanzi ezinamafutha (usalimoni, i-mackerel, i-herring, isardin ne-cod) kuvikela isifo somoya. Lokhu kungenxa yesenzo se-omega-3 fatty acids, enemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala, ne-magnesium. Kufakazelwe ukuthi abantu abanamazinga aphansi we-magnesium emizimbeni yabo bathambekele kakhulu ekuhlaselweni yisifuba somoya.

Izifo ezinjengomdlavuza, i-rheumatoid arthritis, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, ubuthakathaka besimiso sokuzivikela komzimba, njll. Zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kwamafutha e-omega-3. I-Hering iqukethe i-nicotinic acid ne-Vitamin D, okubuye kube yinto ebalulekile ekwelapheni kwamathambo kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa futhi kugqugquzela ukumunca.

Izici eziyingozi ze-herring

Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-herring ngokucophelela, ngoba lo mkhiqizo unosawoti. Igremu elilodwa likasawoti wethebula liyakwazi ukubopha kuze kufike kumamililitha amanzi ayi-100. Ngakho-ke, akufanele uthathwe nge-herring kubantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-edema, isifo sezinso.

Ngakho-ke, i-herring encane enosawoti iqukethe amagremu kasawoti ayi-6,3, kanti u-herring onosawoti uqukethe amagremu ayi-14,8 nge-100 g yomkhiqizo. Lapho izicubu nemithambo yegazi kugcwele nge-sodium chloride, kuvela amanzi ngokweqile emzimbeni, okuholela ekugcwabeni kwazo zonke izitho zomzimba. Inhliziyo iqala ukusebenza ngomthwalo omkhulu, nezinso zisuse kakhulu amanzi nosawoti ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, musa ukusebenzisa kabi i-herring ngisho nakubantu abanempilo.

Abantu abaningi bathanda i-herring enosawoti kancane, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi ungayipheka kanjani. U-Natya Kim oyisazi se-Culinary uzokutshela ukuthi ungasenza kanjani isitsha lesi ngokushesha futhi simnandi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala herring

Ukubamba Ingabe igama elijwayelekile lezinhlobo eziningana inhlanzi ongowomndeni we-herring. Zonke zinenani lentengiso, futhi zibanjwa ngezinga elikhulu lezimboni.

Umzimba ucindezelwa kancane kamuva, futhi umbozwe ngezikali ezilinganiselwe noma ezinkulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi olumnyama-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma olu-olive, i-fin eyodwa itholakala maphakathi.I-ventral fin ikhula ngqo ngaphansi kwayo, futhi kukhona i-notch ehlukile ku-caudal fin.

Esiswini, isiliva, kanye ne-midline kudlula i-keel, ehlanganisa izikali zazo ezikhombe kancane.

IHering incane ngosayizi, ngisho incane. Ngokwesilinganiso, ikhula ibe ngu-30-40 cm. Ngaphandle kwendlela yokuphila edlulayo ingakhula ibe ngu-75 cm.

Amehlo amakhulu abekwe ngokuqinile ekhanda. Amazinyo abuthakathaka noma awekho. Imihlathi engezansi yathuthukiswa kangcono, futhi ivelele okuphezulu. Umlomo mncane.

Ukubamba mhlawumbe ulwandle noma izinhlanzi zasemfuleni . Emanzini amasha, ahlala emifuleni, avame ukutholakala kwiVolga, Don noma Dnieper.

Emanzini anosawoti, emihlambini ehlaba umxhwele, itholakala olwandle lwe-Atlantic, Pacific kanye ne-Arctic.

Uthanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, ngakho-ke emanzini abandayo nasashisayo ashisayo amelelwa izinhlobo ezimbalwa.

Esithombeni umhlambi we-herring

Bambalwa abazi izinhlanzi babizwa UPereyaslavl herring . Into ehlekisayo ukuthi akuhlangene ngalutho nalo mndeni, yize kubukeka kufana ncamashi.

Eqinisweni - lokhu ukuthengiselana. Kwakunqatshelwe ukuyibamba, ingasaphathwa eyithengisa, ngaphansi kobuhlungu besigwebo sentambo.

Babedla kuphela emagumbini asebukhosini, emikhosini ehlukahlukene. Le nhlanzi edumile iboniswa engubeni yomuzi wasePereslyavl-Zalessky.

Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila ye-herring

Impilo inhlanzi enamanzi anosawoti ubalekela ugu. Ubhukuda eduze kobuso bamanzi, kuyaqabukela kwehle ngisho nangaphansi kwama-300 m.

Kugcinwa emihlambini emikhulu, eyakheka ngesikhathi sokuphuma emaqanda. Mncane, ngalesi sikhathi, ngizama ukuba ndawonye.

Lokhu futhi kusungulwa ngokudla kokuqala kwe-plankton, okuhlala kugcwele amanzi olwandle, ngakho-ke akukho ukuncintisana.

I-jamb ihlala ingaguquki isikhathi eside futhi akuvamile ukuxubana nabanye.

Inhlanzi yezinhlanzi zasemfuleni yinhlanzi edlulayo. Njengoba ihlala eLwandle Olumnyama nolweCaspian, ingena ezindaweni ezintsha.

Endleleni ebuyayo, abantu abakhathele bayafa ngokuhlangene, bangafiki ekhaya.

Ukudla okuthandwayo kuguquka ku-herring ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye nokuba mdala. Ngemuva kokushiya amaqanda, ukudla kokuqala kwezilwane ezisencane yi-bulge.

Ukukhula herring uyadla okuyinto uzobamba okuncane inhlanzi , ama-crustaceans nama-benthos. Ubungako bawo buxhomeke ngokuthandwayo kwe-gastronomic. Ngokushintshela ngokuphelele ekudleni komphangi kungakhula kube inani eliphakanyisiwe.

Ukuzalela nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-herring

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-herring, ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi zivela unyaka wonke. Ubukhulu obukhulu abantu buphonsa ekujuleni, futhi abancane bude ngasogwini.

Aqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuzalela ezikoleni ezinkulu, eziningi kangangokuba lapho zanda, izingqimba zezinhlanzi eziphansi zimane nje zixulube abangaphezulu emanzini.

Ukusabalala kwenzeka ngasikhathi sonke kubo bonke abantu, amanzi aba ngamafu futhi iphunga elithile lisakazeka kude nxazonke.

Insikazi ifunga amaqanda ayi-100,000 ngasikhathi sinye, icwila ngaphansi bese inamathela enhlabathini, igobolondo noma amatshe amatshe. Ububanzi babo buxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-herring.

Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, izibungu ezingaba ngu-8 mm ngosayizi ziqala ukuphuma. Amasondo asheshayo aqala ukuwagqoka kuwo wonke umzimba wamanzi. Bafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-6, baduka emihlambini bese beyigcina eduze nogu.

Ngenkathi ukhula (ngoMeyi - Juni), ukhula olushintshayo lukhuphuka lunqamula imifula yamanzi ahlanzekile.

Ukuziphonsa kwenzeka ebusuku, kuyilapho i-caviar inyantanta ngokukhululeka emanzini, inganamatheli phansi.

I-herring encane, lapho isitholile amandla, iqala ukwehla ngomfula kakade ukuze ifike olwandle ekuqaleni kobusika.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-herring, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-60, ngakho-ke sizobheka kuphela ezithandwa kakhulu yizo. Fish herring mackerel kutholakala oNyakatho naseNorway Seas, lapho kubanjwa khona ngezinyanga ezifudumele.

Kubhukuda ngokushesha, kunesikhathi esifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20. Ungumhlaseli futhi ngenxa yalokho ukhula abe usayizi omuhle.

Ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni engama-3-4, uya kokuhluma eningizimu-nentshonalanga ye-Ireland. Ubumnandi obudume kakhulu bukhona ku-ukhilimu omuncu usawoti.

I-Black Sea herring ihlala e-Azov naseBlack Sea, ukuqhuma kuqala ngoMeyi - Juni. Idla ama-crustaceans nenhlanzi encane ebhukuda ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi.

Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bale zinhlobo bufika kumasentimitha angama-40. Ukubamba kudume kakhulu phakathi kwabadobi base-amateur. Kaningi ukhukhamba ikakhulukazi inhlanzi e-herring ngena emashalofini ezitolo.

I-herring yePacific ihlala kuzo zonke iziza. Mikhulu - ingaphezu kwama-50 cm ubude, futhi inesisindo esingu-700. Inyama yayo iqukethe iodine kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo.

Ihlelwe ngezinga elikhulu lokuhweba: iRussia, i-USA, neJapan. Ngokuvamile, ku isithombe herring , ungabona ngqo lo mbono inhlanzi .

I-herring yeBaltic edumile intanta emanzini oLwandle iBaltic. Lincane ngosayizi, cishe amasentimitha angama-20. Lidla kuphela ngeplankton, ngisho nangemva kokufika ebudaleni. Lokhu kudla inhlanzi - herring kudliwe kaningi ku usawoti ifomu.

Omunye ummeleli odumile uhlala lapho - iBaltic sprat. Lezi zithosi ezihlwabusayo zibanjwa ngisho nasogwini lwaseNew Zealand naseTierra del Fuego. Ukusetshenziswa okuthandwa kakhulu kwalolu hlobo ezweni lakithi ukudla okungamakhekhe.

Ummeleli ophikisanayo kakhulu inhlanzi e-herring Ngabe kunjalo Iwashi . Into yokuthi ingeyamalungu omndeni wama-sardines, futhi ibukeka kuphela njenge-herring.

Emashalofini e-USSR, le nhlanzi ingene ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo "Iwashi herring", okwadala ukudideka ngokuzayo.

Ngalezozinsuku, ukudotshwa kwale nhlanzi kwakubiza kancane, ngoba izikole zayo eziningi zazibhukuda eduze nolwandle, kepha bese zisiya olwandle, ukudoba kwalo kwaba yize.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIV, abantu abahloniphekile abayidlanga i-herring - yayingasebenza njengokudla kwabampofu nabanochoko kuphela

Ngezinsuku zakudala, amatilosi aseDashi abheka ukubanjwa kungaphumeleli uma i-herring iyingxenye ebalulekile kukho. Le nhlanzi yayihamba ezikoleni ezinkulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukudideka kwabadobi kwakungeke kwenzeke ukugwema ukungena enetheni. Kuze kube ngekhulu le-14, i-herring yayibhekwa njengenhlanzi kadoti, eyayidliwa kuphela ngabanqwayizi nezindela, ibulala inyama. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngemuva kokubamba iphunga lamafutha a-rancid avele ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi le nyama yanambitheka ngomunyu oshiwo.

Kwakunzima ukuthengisa herring. Abadobi abanokubanjiswa okunjalo bebengathemba kuphela ngokuthengwa nguhulumeni, okwenziwa njengengxenye yomusa. Ngakho-ke inkosi yaseFrance uLouis IX wayehlala eyithenga le nhlanzi enganambitheki futhi ngesihe ithumele abanochoko emadolobhaneni.

Umdobi waseDashi wenza uguquko lwe-gastronomic

Isimo se-herring sashintsha kakhulu ngonyaka ka-1380, lapho umdobi waseDashi uJacob Beikelson ethula inhlwathi ebanjiwe esikebheni, ngaphandle kokuletha ogwini lolwandle. Kususwe ngaphambilini amagilebu nokufakwa ngaphakathi. Lezi zenzo ezi-2 zisindise izinhlanzi ekudleni okubabayo futhi zikhuphule kakhulu impilo yeshalofu kusuka emahoreni amabili kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ngemuva kokuba inhlanzi ibekwe emgqonyeni futhi ifafazwe ngosawoti, iBakzzon yaqhubeka nokudoba kancane kancane. Emahoreni ambalwa kamuva, lapho umdobi esondela ogwini, i-herring ifinyelela lelo nani lokusawoti, ngenxa yokuthi inyama enamafutha ithole ukunambitheka okubucayi. Izakhamizi zacelwa ukuba zizonambitha lo mkhiqizo, futhi azikholwanga imizwa yazo, zihlangabezana nobumnandi be-gastronomic esikhundleni sezinengiso ezilindelekile.

Kusukela lapho, indlela ye-herring kanye ne-salting iye yaba ngumthombo weholo elihle, futhi hhayi kuphela kumdobi ngamunye wasemakhaya ngawodwana, kodwa izwe lonke. Namuhla, ngaphandle kokweqisa, umkhiqizo kazwelonke waseNetherlands. Umdobi owenze lo mbono ngokudalwa komoya wayengafi kabili - kwafakwa itshe futhi kwaqanjwa uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwe-herring, ukubhaka.

UPeter I akazange aphathe ukusungula ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu, futhi abeluleki bakwamanye amazwe abasizanga

E-Russia kudliwa i-herring ye-White Sea; ukubhema kwakuyindlela egcwele yokulungiselela. Umkhiqizo onjalo ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekudleni kwabantu basenyakatho nezindela zaseSolovetsky. Uhambo lwenkosi yenkosi engumbombimnyama uPeter I oluya eNetherlands yaba yisikhathi sokufunda indlela yokwelapha izinhlanzi, njengoba i-tsar yaseRussia yayithanda kakhulu imikhiqizo emi-2 yaseDashi - i-herring enosawoti noshizi.

Inkosi yayinesifiso sokuphinda impumelelo yaseNetherlands futhi inikele emakethe yomhlaba wonke i-White Sea noma i-Azov herring, enosawoti ngokulandela iresiphi yabaseYurophu. Ukuze benze lokhu, bameme usawoti waseDashi u-Isaac Knop, owayeyalelwe ukuba asungule ukukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa ezisogwini loLwandle lwase-Azov, olusanda kuthathwa kwabaseTurkey. Kepha umDashi washiya ngokushesha, edumele enhlanzini yendawo. Uveze ukuthi le projekthi yenqatshwa yiqiniso ukuthi yi-herring engalungile, ingaphili ngokulandela uhlelo lokuzalwa lapho lo saline wawusetshenziswa khona.

Ngokuzayo, bazame ukuthuthukisa ukudoba oLwandle Olumhlophe, beqhubeka nokucela usizo kochwepheshe baseYurophu. Kodwa ukuthola umkhiqizo ofanayo waseDashi onambitheka obondayo kwehlulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezi-2. Abadobi baseNyakatho abasetshenziswanga ukusika izinhlanzi ngokucophelela, bakhetha ijubane lokunemba. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi izinga kasawoti wasendaweni laliphansi kakhulu, kunokungcola okuningi kulo, okubuye kuthinte umphumela wokugcina we-salting.

Umkhiqizo ophumele wawudingeka kakhulu ngenxa yokushibhile. Kepha akwenzekanga ukufinyelela etafuleni elicebile lezikhulu ezihlonishwayo zoLwandle Olumhlophe. I-herring enosawoti eRussia yaqhubeka nokudla kwamakilasi aphansi. UPitrosi akhenge aphikelele ekuguquleni ubujamo.

I-espionage yokuqala yezimboni ihlelelwe i-herring

UCatherine II wasondela impela kule ndaba, wathumela inhloli eNetherlands. Umsebenzi wakhe bekuwukuthola yonke imininingwane yobuchwepheshe be-herring kasawoti waseDashi ukuze kukhiqizwe inqubo ekhaya. UCatherine wayeqiniseka ukuthi kunemfihlo ethile ebalulekile, kwakuvela ukungazi kwakhe eRussia ukuthi babengeke bakwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlanzi ezimnandi. Leli kwakuyicala lokuqala le-Russian espionage.

Ummeli oyimfihlo wawenza kahle umsebenzi wakhe - wayithola le mfihlo; wayecashe kusetshenziswa usawoti wasePortugal. I-Empress isheshe ithenge izinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo emikhunjini yolwandle engu-2, ibathumele e-Arkhangelsk, lapho bepheka khona izinhlanzi ngokuqinile ngokwendlela yaseDashi. Uthunyelwa eSt. Petersburg, athengisa endalini. Umgomo uyatholakala: eRussia bafunda ukupheka i-herring enosawoti ngendlela yamaDashi. Kepha umkhiqizo ungamafutha amancane ngenxa yezimpawu zezinhlobo ezihlala oLwandle Olumhlophe. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwesiPutukezi (kwakubizwa iSpanishi eRussia) usawoti kufaka isandla ekukhuphukeni kwentengo, intengo iqhathaniswa nokungeniswa kwamaDashi. Imvamisa, izisebenzi zazigcina usawoti obizayo futhi zingangezi ezingeni elifunekayo, lokhu kulimaze kabi ikhwalithi ye-herring. Ukuphoqelelwa kokuphatha kuphela okusize ukunqoba ukunganakwa kukasawoti okwenziwa ngabaseRussia.

Lapho uCatherine elahla intshisekelo yezinhlanzi zezimboni, imfuno yeBelomorka phakathi kwezikhulu yawa. Abathandi be-herring be-Dutch babuyela ekuthengweni komkhiqizo wokuqala. Futhi abadobi basenyakatho baphinde bashintsha indlela endala eshibhile yokusawoti.

Ukubamba ngaphansi kwejazi loboya - uphawu lweholide

Futhi ezweni lemikhandlu, ukushibilika nokwelula kwe-herring kwaqhamuka. Uthando lwezinhlanzi luhlanganise abantu abaphezulu beqembu, i-proletariat, kanye nabalimi - wonke umuntu wayeyithanda futhi ebekwazi ukuyikhokhela. Futhi ngaphandle kwe-herring akukaze kube nokushoda.

Ezimweni ezithile ezisetshenzisiwe zemikhiqizo etholakalayo, izinhlanzi zaba ngumkhumbi wokugcina impilo womama bendlu baseSoviet, ababengapha izinhlanzi phakathi nezinsuku nangeholidi. Isinye sezitsha ezinemibala ye-cuisine yaseSoviet, esisamangaza abokufika, sihlala ngaphansi kwengubo yoboya. Ukwelapha okuhle, okunempilo kuze kube namuhla kuvusa ukulindelwa kweholide phakathi kwezakhamizi zangaphambili ze-USSR nezizukulwane zabo futhi kuvusa inkanuko.

Ngokuqondene nenguqulo yokuthi le “ngubo” yasungulwa ngemuva kwenguquko futhi igama layo liyisifushaniso (chauvinism kanye nokuwohloka kokucasulwa kwegama nokuhlaselwa), lokhu akulona iqiniso.

Ngendlela, izinhlanzi ngeke zihlale zingukudla kwabantu kuphela. Kunendaba yomuntu odla umhlalaphansi waseJapan obe ngumngane wezinhlanzi iminyaka engama-25.

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