Ama-Mirikins, njengezinyoni eziningi zasebusuku ezidla inyama, zihlala emigodini yezihlahla, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-10 ngaphezu komhlaba. Emini, izinkawu zilala kamnandi, zihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​futhi ebusuku zihamba emagatsheni ezihlahla ziyofuna imikhiqizo edliwayo. Ama-Myricins adla izithelo, amantongomane, amaqabunga, izinambuzane namaqanda enyoni.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi okwenziwa yilezi zilwane ngokuqondile kuncike kumjikelezo wenyanga: phakathi nenyanga egcwele, iziwula ziya ngokuya zicwazimula futhi zihambise imishini, ngenkathi inyanga entsha inomthelela ekuziphatheni kwayo kokuvilapha nokuvilapha.

Izimpawu zangaphandle zeMirikin

Ngobude, ama-myricins awedluli ku-37 cm. Ezimweni zokuqala, umsila omude futhi olweshumi. Isisindo somzimba sowesifazane cishe singama-gramu ayi-600, kanti abesilisa - ngaphezu kwekhilogremu.

Ikhanda lincane, linamadlebe amancane amancane ngokulinganayo ezinhlangothini. Umzimba wenkawu uphakeme, umbozwe ngoboya obuthambile, obunombala onsundu onsundu, futhi isigaxa, ingxenye engezansi yentamo nesisu kulula. Izinyawo zithambile, kanti imilenze yangemuva yinde.

I-durukul enemizila emithathu monkey ebusuku.

Impilo yomndeni nokuzala Mirikin

Iziwula ezintathu-zemigwaqo zingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi izilwane zomndeni. Bakha imihlambi emincane enabazali nezinsana zeminyaka ehlukile. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kukho konke lokhu, ama-Myrikins awabonakali ngesici njengokugcinwa kokwethembeka emshadweni, ngakho-ke, imindeni yawo ingashintsha ukwakheka kwayo impilo yonke.

Kanye ngonyaka, ngesikhathi senqwaba yezivuno zezithelo nobuningi bamahlamvu, izinsikazi zizala amawundlu. Omama bondla izingane zabo njalo emahoreni angama-3-4, ngakho-ke inzalo ikhula ngokushesha futhi iba nesisindo. Isikhathi esincane kakhulu sizodlula, futhi i-cub ngeke ihlukaniswe nabazali. Eminyakeni engu-40 yezinsuku, iziwula ezincane ziqala ukudla amaqabunga.

Inzalo kaMirikin ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngonyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa, abesilisa bashiya abazali babo.

UPapa Mirikins uhlanganyela ekukhuliseni inzalo. Badlala nezingane kaningana ebusuku, babathwale emhlane futhi bafundise ukuhlakanipha kwempilo. Omama banqunyelwe kuphela iqiniso lokuthi ngezikhathi ezithile bondla amawundlu.

Ukuthomba emadodeni kuqala onyakeni, kwabesifazane ngababili, kepha abasheshi ukunikeza inzalo entsha. Cishe eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, intsha ishiya abazali bayo bayozenzela imindeni yabo.

Ama-Mirikins angavuka ntambama imizuzu engu-10 -15 ukuzondla.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana neMirikins

Njengoba wazi, ubusuku ehlathini buhlanganisa yonke into ngobumnyama, kanti namagatsha ezihlahla awavumeli ukukhanya kwelanga ukuba kufinyelele onyaweni, noma kunjalo, amaMirikins azivumelanisa nokuzilolongela i-terrain. Kusuka emgodini, izinkawu ziyabuya ekuseni. Bakwenza kanjani?

UMirikin unendlela yokuphila ethakazelisa kakhulu.

Ehlanza ama-paws awo ngomchamo, amaMirikins agxumela ezihlahleni, ashiye iminonjana ebuyela emizini yawo ngokuthula. Indlela, empeleni, akuyona ehlanzeke kakhulu, kepha iyasebenza.

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UMirikina

I-Mirikin noma i-durukul enemizila emithathu (lat. I-Aotus trivirgatus) Ingabe imonkey monkey encane ehlala enkabeni yeNingizimu Melika. Ngenxa yokuthi uphila impilo yobusuku, avele endaweni yokuhlala yasemini kuphela imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya ku-20 ngemuva kokushona kwelanga, unamehlo amakhulu amakhulu ayindilinga, acishe akhumbule iso lesikhova.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengezinyoni zasebusuku ezidla inyama, amaMirikins ahlala emigodini yezihlahla ezisendaweni eyi-10 m ngaphezu komhlaba. Emini, balala kamnandi, banamathela komunye nomunye, futhi ebusuku bahamba phakathi kwezihlahla beyofuna into edliwayo: izithelo, amantongomane, amaqabunga, izinambuzane namaqanda ezinyoni.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwabo kuncike ngqo kwimijikelezo yenyanga: enyangeni ephelele bagxuma ngokunamandla emaphethelweni, kuyilapho inyanga entsha ebenza baziphathe ngokungemthetho nangokungathandi. Kodwa-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi isibani sobusuku siyasebenza nakithina bantu. Awubonanga?

Ubude bomzimba we-myricin buyi-24- 37 cm kuphela.Umsila ubude (ukusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-40 cm), kepha awubili. Isisindo somzimba sowesifazane cishe singama-gramu ayi-600, kepha owesilisa angaba nesisindo sekhilogremu yonke. Ingaphezulu lomzimba wale monkey liyi-brownish-grey, kanti ubuso, ingxenye engezansi yentamo nesisu ingemithunzi olula. Ikhanda lincane futhi liyindilinga. Ngayo ezinhlangothini kukhona izindlebe ezifanayo ezincane. Umzimba uphakeme, umbozwe ngokuphelele izinwele ezithambile. Izinyawo zithambile, imilenze yangemuva ithambekile.

Iziwula ezinemizila emithathu zihlala emihlanjini emincane yemindeni enabazali namawundlu abo weminyaka ehlukene. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ama-Mirikins awagcini ukwethembeka emshadweni, ngakho-ke la maqembu angashintsha ukwakheka kwawo impilo yonke.

Izinsikazi zizala amathole kanye kuphela ngonyaka, futhi ukuzalwa kwazo kuhlotshaniswa nesiqongo sokukhishwa kwezithelo nobuningi bamahlamvu. Umama wondla ingane njalo emahoreni angama-3-4, ngakho-ke ikhula ngokushesha futhi ibe nesisindo. Kungekudala, wayesengafani nhlobo nabazali bakhe. Eminyakeni engu-40 yezinsuku, isiwula esincane sizama amaqabunga ayo okuqala.

Ezimweni eziningi, ubaba uhlanganyela ekukhuliseni ingane yakhe - idlala naye okungenani amahlandla ama-4 ngobusuku, egqoke umhlane futhi afundise ubuhlakani bempilo. Omama banqunyelwe ekondleni iwundlu, bahlinzeka abanye ngalo abalingani babo.

Ukuthomba emadodeni kwenzeka ngonyaka, kuthi kwabesifazane kube kabili, yize bengaphuthumi ukuzala abantwana kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu. Eminyakeni yobudala efanayo, intsha ishiya iqembu labazali lizenzele eyayo.

Njengoba wazi, akukhanyi impela ehlathini ebusuku, noma kunjalo, ama-Mirikins aqondiswe kahle emhlabathini, asuka emigodini yawo ebangeni lekhilomitha abuye abuye ekuseni. Bakwenza kanjani? Ngosizo lwamamaki awashiyela ezihlahleni: ageza izinyawo zawo kanye naphambi kwawo ngomchamo bese ezolile ahambe lapho kudingeka khona. Futhi-ke kulawa mathrekhi thola indlela ebuyela emuva. Hhayi ngenhlanzeko kakhulu, kodwa iyasebenza.

Kuliqiniso, amakati ebusuku asendle azizingelayo atholakala nangamamaki afanayo eMirikin. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, izikhova nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka kubhekwa njengezitha zeziwula. Sekukonke, banesikhathi esinzima - isikhathi sabo sokuphila endle yiminyaka eyi-10 kuphela, yize besekuthunjweni bangaphila impilo ephindwe kabili.

Ukubukeka

Izinkawu zasebusuku ziyizimfanelo ezincane. Afinyelela osayizi abangama-24 kuye kwangama-37 cm, ngaphezu kwalokho ubude bomsila ongu-31 kuye ku-40 cm. Isisindo siyehluka kusuka ku-0.7 kuya ku-1,2 kg. Ngokungafani nezinkawu eziningi zeNew World, izitezi cishe zilingana futhi azifani ngombala wejazi. Ijazi lezinkawu zasebusuku alithambile futhi liminyene, futhi kunezinhlobo ezihlala ezintabeni isikhathi eside. Ipendiwe emhlane nangaphandle kwezitho zombala ngombala onsundu noma onsundu-grey, nasesiswini kanye ngaphakathi kwezimbambo - ophuzi-onsundu noma osawolintshi. Ngemuva kwekhanda kungapendwe ngombala onsomi noma obomvu, lokhu kukhonza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaqembu ezinhlobo ezimbili. Umsila mude futhi ugobile, isicoco saso sivame ukumnyama. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkawu eziningana zeNew World, ngeke zisetshenziselwe ukubamba. Imilenze emide ivumelaniswa nokugxuma okuyingxenye, ezinzwaneni ezine inesipikili esimise okombala. Isithupha siphikisana nokunye kuphela.

Ikhanda liyindilinga, izindlebe zincanyana futhi zivame ukufihlwa ezinweleni. I-septum yamakhala imincane kunaleyo yezinye izinkawu zeNew World [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-1202 ]. Izisekelo zeso zikhulu ngokungajwayelekile, amehlo makhulu futhi ansundu. Ngokungafani nohlobo lwamanzi angenamanzi, avame ukusebenza ebusuku, amehlo ezinkawu zasebusuku aziboni i-tapetum. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-retina yayo ifakwe izinti kanye nezigaxa. Ngalesi sizathu, umsebenzi wobusuku abusiwona owokuqala, kepha owesibili wokutholwa kwesimo salezi zilwane. Njengoba zinhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesigaxa, umbala wazo ulinganiselwe. Kukhona amasimu amhlophe ngenhla nangaphansi kwamehlo kwesinye isikhathi futhi nangaphansi komlomo. Imivimbo emithathu emnyama yeluleke eduze kobuso, eyodwa ebunzini - lapho ingandiswa khona ngunxantathu - kuze kufike ekhaleni futhi, ngokulandelana, enye evela ngaphandle eduze kweliso ngalinye.

Indlela yamazinyo yezinkawu zasebusuku ibukeka njengami Sekukonke, anamazinyo angama-36. Izindwangu eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme zikhulu kakhulu, amazinyo wangemuva wokuhlafuna, ngokwehlukile, mancane kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesilevu, inesigaxa somphimbo, esisebenza ukuthuthukisa imisindo eyenziwe.

Ukubhebhetheka

Izinkawu zasebusuku zihlala eningizimu yeCentral America naseNingizimu Melika. Uhla lwazo lusuka ePanama ngasenyakatho luye eColombia - lapho kukhona izinhlobo ezinkulu, ezingafundwa ngokuphelele - ngokusebenzisa iBrazil nePeru kuya eBolivia, eParaguay nasenyakatho yeArgentina eningizimu. Kodwa-ke, azikho ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Isikhala sokuphila salezi zilwane amahlathi, futhi angatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamahlathi. Zingabonakala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo kanye nasehlathini elomile elinamaqabunga awayo. Ezintabeni, atholakala endaweni ephakeme aze afike ku-3200 m.

Izikhathi zomsebenzi nokunyakaza

Izinkawu zasebusuku ziyizakhamizi zezihlahla. Kodwa-ke, azithandi ukukhetha eziphakeme zezihlahla futhi zitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo eziphakeme. Esikumqhele, ezimweni eziningi ahamba ngayo yonke imilenze yomine, kodwa futhi angagxuma kahle. Izinkawu eziningi ezinobusuku obuningi zisebenza ebusuku, izakhamuzi kuphela eningizimu ebangeni ebanzi zihola indlela yokuphila ngaphandle kwesigqi esimeme sobusuku nobusuku.

Ngezikhathi zokuphumula, izinkawu zasebusuku zisuswa emgodini noma emathangeni aminyene. Cishe imizuzu eyi-15 ngemuva kokushona kwelanga, bayaphuma emibhedeni yabo futhi bayasebenza kuze kube phakathi kwamabili. Ngemuva kwalokho baphinde baphumule ihora elilodwa nohhafu kuya emahoreni amabili, ngaphambi kokuba baphinde baqale ukufuna ukudla. Ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga, ziphinda zibuyele ezindaweni zazo zokuphumula. Zincike ekukhanyeni kwenyanga, futhi ngobusuku obumnyama kakhulu benyanga entsha umsebenzi wawo ulinganiselwe. Ngesikhathi sokuphuma ebusuku, lezi zinkawu zingasuswa zifike kumamitha ayi-800, noma kunjalo, kuya ngesizini nokukhanya. Ngezikhathi zesomiso, izindlela ziba mfushane (cishe amamitha angama-250), ezihambisana nesabelo esijwayelekile sezithelo. Ukuhamba ngobusuku obukhanyayo kucishe kube kabili kunobumnyama. Ngobusuku obumnyama, izinkawu zilandela izindlela ezazikubheke ngaphambili - ngokuntanta emaphondweni noma ngokufihlakala kwendlala ngaphansi komsila.

Ubudlelwano Kwezenhlalo Nokuxhumana

Izinkawu zasebusuku zihlala emaqenjini emindeni yezilwane ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu. Ziqukethe inzalo yabesilisa, abesifazane nabesilisa. Ngokwesiko, ososayensi bavela eqinisweni lokuthi owesilisa nowesifazane baphila indlela yokuphila eyodwa. Noma kunjalo, okungenani ezinhlotsheni eyodwa, Aotus azarae, Ukuziphatha komphakathi ngokusobala kuvumelana nezimo futhi kuhambisana nokushintshwa okujwayelekile komlingani. Eqenjini, ukuziphatha ngolaka akufinyeleleki. Amalungu aleli qembu azama ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusondelana futhi angalokothi asuke kude ngamamitha ayi-10. Abuye alale ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Ngokungafani nezinye izikhulu ezihlala emaqenjini emindeni, ukuzilolana kuyaqabukela.

Izinkawu zasebusuku ziyizilwane zasendaweni; uhla lweqembu lomndeni luhlanganisa amahektha amathathu kuya kwayi-10. Izindawo ezizivikela emaqenjini abafokazi. Uma amaqembu amabili ehlangana, ngokwesibonelo, esihlahleni esithelayo eduze komngcele wobubanzi, kufika ukukhala okukhulu, ukuvuvukala okuyisiko ngemilenze eyeluliwe, ukushushiswa nomzabalazo. Lezi zingxabano zihlala cishe imizuzu eyi-10, ngemuva kwalokho alikho nelilodwa iqembu elihlala linqobile, bese bobabili bebuyela ebangeni labo. Kanye nokumemeza, imisindo yokuxwayisa nayo isetshenziselwa ukuvikela indawo, ekhombisa imithombo yamandla. Okumile kukhona uchungechunge lwezikhalo eziningana ezifana nemisindo yezikhova ezenziwa yizinkawu zasebusuku ebusuku. Lezi zingcingo mhlawumbe zisebenza ukuheha umlingani futhi kuzo lezi zilwane nazo zinegama lazo lesiNgisi isikhova izinkawu (= izinkawu zesikhova).

Umsoco

Izinkawu zasebusuku zondla ikakhulu ngezithelo, zizengeza kwezinye izingxenye zezitshalo nezilwane ezincane. Bathanda izithelo ezincane, ezivuthiwe futhi bangavakashela nezihlahla ezinkulu zezithelo, ngoba begwema ukuncintisana nezinhlobo ezivelele ezisebenzayo ngesikhathi sasemini. Ingxenye yezithelo ekudleni kwezilwane ezindaweni ezishisayo iphakeme kunaleyo yezilwane ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu sonyaka. Badla - ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semvula, lapho ukunikezwa kwezithelo kunqunyelwe - futhi amaqabunga, izimbali, nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo. Ukuzingela izilwane ezincane kwenzeka kakhulu kusihlwa. Izinkawu zasebusuku zisebenza ngekhono ekubambeni izinambuzane ezindizayo emoyeni noma ezidla amagatsha. Ngokuphanga kufaka, isibonelo, i-orthoptera, amabhu, amabhungane nezicabucabu.

Ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo

Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuzalaniswa kwezinkawu zasebusuku, cishe yonke imiphumela yocwaningo ivela ezilwaneni ezithunjiwe futhi, mhlawumbe, ihluke kakhulu ezilwaneni zasendle. Ekuthunjweni, ukuzalwa kungenzeka ngonyaka. Izilwane ezihlala enyakatho yeArgentina, ezingaphansi kokushintshashintsha okunamandla kwesikhathi sezulu kwisimo sezulu, zinezikhathi eziqinile zokuzala, futhi ukuzala kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula phakathi kukaSepthemba noNovemba. Akukaziwa ukuthi ukuzalaniswa kuyinkathi ethile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane noma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ezinhlotsheni ezisezindaweni ezishisayo unyaka wonke. Izinkawu ezingabesilisa zivelisa isidoda ezimbalwa, okungahle kube ukuzivumelanisa nendlela yokuphila yokuphila komuntu oyedwa. Njengoba zizalela kanye ngonyaka futhi zinowesifazane oyedwa kuphela, ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda okuningi kungaba ukuchitha amandla.