Ama-Beavers angenye yezilwane ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni. IRussia ingaziqhenya ngokuthi lezi zidalwa ezihehayo zihlala lapha. Amazinyo abo azolile. Bakha amakhethini namadamu kusuka ezihlahleni ezilahliwe. Futhi ekugcineni, banomsila we-scaly omangalisayo! Singasho ukuthi impilo ye-beaver iqoqo lamaqiniso angathandeki.
Kuyathakazelisa: Igama elithi beaver libonakala ngathi lijwayele ukwedlula i-beaver. Eqinisweni, lezi akuzona izifaniso. Ngokwemithetho yolimi lwase-Russian, i-beaver yigama lesilwane uqobo, futhi i-beaver igama loboya besilwane.
Izinhlobo ezimbili
I-beaver isilwane esinezilwane ezincelisayo, omele i-oda lamagundane, futhi esinye sezikhulu kakhulu ku-oda. Isisindo somzimba we-beaver singamakhilogremu angama-30, umuntu ngamunye angafinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-50. Ngokwesisindo, kufaniswa nengane yobudala besikole. Ubude bomzimba bufika kumitha eyodwa, enye amasentimitha angama-20-45 umsila.
Kuyathakazelisa: Ngokwemibhalo yangekhulu le-18 nangaphambi kwalokho, ososayensi baseYurophu bacubungula ukuzilibazisa njengabamele isigaba sezinhlanzi. Ngokuvumela umbono onjalo, umsila we-scaly kanye nendlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Lo mbono ongaqondile wawunenzuzo enkulu kwizindela zobuqili zeSonto LamaKatolika: izinhlanzi zivunyelwe ngezinsuku ezithile zokuzila.
Namuhla, izinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane zihlala emhlabeni: ojwayelekile, noma umfula, ohlala eYurophu nase-Asia, kanye ne-beaver yaseCanada, isakhamuzi sezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Isizathu sokubabheka njengezinhlobo ezihlukile, hhayi okuyi-subspecies - umehluko ngofuzo enanini lama-chromosomes. “Ama-Euro” kanye “namaCanada” awakwazi ukuzalanisa.
Kuyathakazelisa: Ukwazisa i-beaver okuthiwa idolobha laseBobruisk eBelarus. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izakhamuzi zakhona zokuqala zazibandakanyeka kwezokudoba amahlathi nokudoba i-beaver. Lezi zilwane zithunjwa kuleli dolobha ngethusi lezikhumbuzo ezimbili.
Futhi ngingumuntu ohloniphayo, onempilo ...
I-beaver ihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, futhi lokhu kunquma ezinye izici zokubonakala kwayo nawo wonke umzimba. Isibonelo, umsila, uyisicaba, uyigqinsi, awunalutho - usebenza njengomjondolo lapho ubhukuda. Izindwangu phakathi kweminwe eyisihlakala eyisihlanu, esikhundleni sezinkophe, ziyisikhumba esikhanyayo esisobala esenza sikwazi ukubona emanzini. Ukuvuleka kwezindlebe nekhala kusondele ngaphansi kwamanzi. Umlomo ovalwe ngokuqinile uvumela nesilo ukubopha ukudla, noma sibhukuda.
I-beaver inesendlalelo samafutha esingaphansi kwesikhumba, amaphaphu anamandla, isibindi esikhulu. Isikhumba siwugqinsi, noboya obunzima.
Kuyathakazelisa: Umunwe wesibili emlenzeni ongaphambili we-beaver unezipho ezakhiwe ngemfoloko. Isebenzela ekuhlanganiseni uboya.
Ama-beaver awamayini hhayi ngenxa yoboya kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthola umfudlana we-beaver. Le yimibukiso izilwane ezihlwaya ngayo izindawo zayo. Akhiqizwa yizitho ezikhethekile ezitholakala eduze kwe-anus. Ezinsukwini zakudala, le nto yayisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, manje yaziswa kakhulu njengento eluhlaza yemikhiqizo yamakha.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Phambilini, izilwane zabulawa ukuthola umfula we-beaver. Manje sebefundile ukuthola uketshezi oluyigugu kusuka kubhekeni obukhoma emapulazini oboya.
Umehluko phakathi kweCanadaan neBeanvers ejwayelekile
Ngaphandle, bobabili abameleli balezi zinhlobo bafana kakhulu, kepha i-European beaver ihlukaniswa ngosayizi omkhulu. Unekhanda elincane nelingelikhulu, kanti isihlakala sakhe sifushane. I-beaver ejwayelekile ine-undercoat engaphansi, futhi umsila omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Eurasian inemilenze emifushane, ngenxa yalokho, ihamba kabi emilenzeni yakhe yangemuva.
Amathambo emakhaleni e-beaver ajwayelekile amade, amakhala awunxantathu ngesimo, kanti nokuvuleka kwamakhala kwam Canadian kunxantathu. I-beaver yase-Europe inezindlala ezinkudlwana ezibalulekile. Kukhona umehluko nangemibala yoboya.
ICanada Beaver (iCastor canadensis).
Iwusizo kuma-70% ama-beavers ase-Yurobiya, uboya bumsundu ngokukhanyayo noma onsundu, ku-20% lobovu buyi-chestnut, ku-8% bumsundu omnyama, kanti ku-4% umnyama. Ku-50% wabantu abebephethe izigaqa eCanada, isikhumba sinezwi elinsundu elikhanyayo, ku-25% sinsundu, kuthi ku-5% simnyama.
Ngaphezu kokwehluka kwangaphandle, laba bantu abamele umndeni banokuhluka kwenani lama-chromosomes. Ama-beaver aseCanada anama-chromosome angama-40, kanti ama-beaver ajwayelekile angama-48. Inani elihlukile lama-chromosomes abangele ukuwela okungaphumelelanga kwalaba abamele amazwekazi ahlukene.
Ama-Beavers - abanikazi boboya obukhulu obukhulu.
Ngemuva kwemizamo ephindaphindwe yokuwela owesifazane wase-Yuroya nowesilisa waseMelika, izintokazi lezi azizange zikhulelwe nakancane, noma zazala amazinyane afile. Ngokunokwenzeka, ukuzalwa kwe-Interspecific akunakwenzeka. Phakathi kwabo bobabili abantu akusona nje isithiyo sezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, kodwa futhi nomehluko kwi-DNA.
Izinhlobo zesikhuzo nokubukeka kwazo
Ama-beaver besifazane makhulu kunabesilisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bayabusa. Isisindo esijwayelekile sama-beaver waseCanada angama-15-35 kilogalamu, isikhathi esiningi anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-20 ubude bomzimba ongu-1 imitha. Ama-beaver aseCanada akhula kuyo yonke impilo, ngakho abantu asebekhulile bangaba nesisindo esingama-kilogalamu angama-45.
Ama-beavers ase-Europe, ngokwesilinganiso, anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-30, ubude bawo bomzimba buyi-1-1.3 metres, futhi nokuphakama ngamasentimitha angama-35.
Amazinyo wesilwane amsiza ukuba agawule izihlahla zedamu.
Ama-beaver aseCanada anomzimba we-squat. Emilenzeni kuneminwe emi-5 enezinhlwayi eziphansi. Phakathi kweminwe kukhona ulwelwesi. Umsila uyafana ngesimo somzimba, ububanzi bawo ngamasentimitha ayi-12- 12, futhi ubude bawo bube amasentimitha angama-30. Umsila wembeswe ngamapuleti ezimpondo kusuka phezulu, futhi izinwele zikhula phakathi kwazo. Kusukela maphakathi nomsila welula isikebhe esimnyama, esifana ne-keel yomkhumbi.
Isilwane sinamehlo amancane nezindlebe ezimfishane. Ama-beaver aseCanada anezingubo ezingaphansi, ezisebenza ngokoqobo nezinwele zangaphandle eziqinile. Uboya obuhle buthengiswa kakhulu kwezentengiso.
I-Beaver Behaeve and Nutrition
I-Beavers yizilwane ezincelisayo ezi-herbivorous, ubumnandi bazo obuthandekayo iminduze yamanzi nezindlala. Ama-Beavers adla amagxolo avela ku-alder, popula, imephu, ispen, izihlahla ze-birch, kepha, nokho, akhetha amahlumela amancane.
Uma uqala ukubheka, kungabonakala sengathi ama-beavers alimaza imvelo, kepha lo mbono unephutha. Ngenxa yama-beaver, kuvela amaxhaphozi, abaluleke kakhulu esimisweni semvelo. Lezi zilwane zigawula izihlahla, kodwa hhayi ndawo, kodwa lapho kuphela umuthi udonswa khona emanzini. Iziqu zeBeaaver zisetshenziselwa ukwakha amadamu, futhi zigaya amagatsha, amagxolo namaqabunga.
Zonke izinto zokuhlanza ama-herbivores.
Ngokwakha amadamu, abalimi bahlela amadamu lapho izinambuzane zihlala khona, ngenxa yalokho izinyoni zindiza ziye emadamini, eziletha amaqanda ezinhlanzi emaphashini nasezimpapheni zazo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi zifakwa emadamini.
Ukuvuza kwamanzi ngamadamu kuhlanza i-sludge kanye nokumiswa okunzima. Ezinye izitshalo zifa emadamini, futhi kwakhiwa inani elikhulu lezinkuni ezifile, okubalulekile ukuba khona kwezitshalo nezilwane ezithile.
Izinsalela zezihlahla eziwile zihamba ziyokondla ama -ululates nezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane. Okusho ukuthi, umsebenzi wokwakha ama-beaver uzuzisa emvelweni. Kepha amadamu anjalo angadala ukungahambi kahle kumuntu: amadamu akhukhula nezitshalo zezikhukhula, ahlanze imigwaqo yesitimela nemigwaqo emikhulu.
Ama-beaver ahlala emiseleni emba emabhange asezansi. Lezi zimbobo zikhulu, ziyindawo yelebhu yangempela enokungena okuningana. Ama-beavers enza phansi emiseleni ephakeme kunezinga lamanzi, uma ichibi lichitheka, khona-ke induku isikaza umhlabathi kusukela ophahleni bese ikhuphuka phansi.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwembazo neseti, abalongi bagawula izihlahla zokwakha amadamu.
Ama-beavers awakhi izimbobo kuphela, kodwa futhi "nezindlu". Bopha amagatsha abe yimifino emincane, abese ebabumba ngobumba nangosilika. Ngaphakathi, isikhala samahhala senyuka ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ama-beavers angena endlini ephuma ngaphansi kwamanzi. Izindlu zeBeaaver zifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, futhi ububanzi bawo bungamamitha ayi-10. Izindlu ezinjalo zinezindonga eziqinile kakhulu ezivikela abanikazi kahle kubazingeli.
Ama-beaver akha amakhaya awo ngezibongo zawo zangaphambili. Ngobusika, izindlu zibuye zifakwe ungqimba lomhlaba nobumba, ukuze zihlale zigcina izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kwe-zero, noma ngabe kubanda ngaphandle. Amanzi emnyango wegodi awahambi. Lezi izinduku zithanda inhlanzeko; akukho gumbi lokungcola noma lokudla emakhaya abo.
Ama-beaver ayizilwane zenhlalo, akha imindeni yawo. Umndeni owodwa unabantu abacishe babe yi-10 - laba ngabazali nezilwane ezincane ezingakafinyeleli ebusheni. Ensimini efanayo, imindeni enobuhlalu ingaphila ikhulu. Ubungako bendawo ephethwe ngumndeni ogwini lungamakhilomitha angama-3-4. Njengomthetho, ama-beavers awaqhubeki ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200 ukusuka ogwini.
Ngemuva kokushiya imindeni yabo, ama-bea abasha abavuthiwe ngokocansi bahlala bodwa isikhashana emabeleni akhiwe, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bathola owabo umndeni.
Amawele namadamu amadolo
Lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukugqekeza (ogwini alujulile futhi lumile ngokushelela), abahleli bezimbotshana bakha indawo yokukhosela emijondolo ebizwa ngokuthi ama-huts. Babeka i-hut kusuka kumagatsha, bayifaka ngotshani nangomhlaba omanzi. Lesi sakhiwo siqinile futhi sibanzi. Imvamisa izilwane zakha izindlu eziningi ezinamakamelo amaningi. Izindawo zokuhlala iBeaaver zichaziwe, ukuphakama kwazo kufinyelele kumamitha ama-3, kanye nobubanzi be-10! Ama-beavers afaka ngokucophelela indlu yakhe: amboza izimbobo, phansi kufakwe imigodi. Ngisho nangezikhathi eziqandayo ezinzima, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwendlu lihlala lisebenza kahle. Ukubhubhisa lesi sakhiwo akulula neze, ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamizi zakhona zisanesikhathi sokucasha emanzini ngokusebenzisa imanahane angaphansi kwamanzi.
Lapho izinga lamanzi lingazinzile khona ukuze lizinze, abenzi bokwakha idamu kusuka iziqu zezihlahla, amatshe asindayo, amagatsha, udaka nosilika (ngokuqinisekile badinga ukuphuma kwamanzi ngaphansi kwezindlu). Isisekelo saso uvame ukuba yisihlahla esiwile, esizungezwa yi-beavers ngezinto ezincane zokwakha. Lesi sakhiwo singafinyelela osayizi abahlaba umxhwele ngempela: ubude obuyi-20-30 m, ukuphakama okungama-2-3 nobubanzi obufika kumamitha ayi-5. Abaphathi babheka idamu, balungise izimbobo futhi baqede nokuvuza. Lezi zinhlaka zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, ziyakwazi ukumelana nesisindo somuntu omdala.
Inani lomsebenzi we-beaver
Inani lomsebenzi we-beaver liphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu kuthinta izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nomswakama we-peat yehlathi. Ukuthambisa okunganele kwalokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezivuthayo emahlathini kwandisa kakhulu amathuba emililo, eyingozi kakhulu ehlobo elishisayo. Amadamu avela ekwakhiweni kwamadamu we-beaver aba yindawo yokuhlala ama-invertebrates asemanzini. Lokhu kudonsela amanzi amaningi, kuqala ukudlekwa eduze kwedamu.
Izindinganiso zomndeni we-Beaver
Ama-beaver ahlala emindenini, ahlala ezindaweni ezifanayo iminyaka eminingi, ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Isakhiwo se-Aft singelula amamitha angamakhulu amaningana. Ama-beaever kwesinye isikhathi ayakuzonda ukuhlaselwa kwabangaphandle, kepha ezindaweni ezinothile kokudla, izindawo zokuhlala zemindeni ehlukene zingathintana futhi zize zihlangane.
Ama-beaver ayizilwane ezithandekayo, akha ngazimbili impilo, futhi imindeni iyahlukana kuleli cala, uma omunye wabalingani efa. Entwasahlobo, ama-beavers avela. Imvamisa akuwona angaphezu kwesihlanu. Zimbozwe izinwele, amehlo avulekile. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, ama-beavers angabhukuda. Umama usuthisa amawele ngobisi izinyanga ezintathu, yize vele esontweni lesithathu eqala ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo. Izilwane ezisencane zihlala nabazali bazo iminyaka engu-2,5 ukuya kwengama-34, okuyothi emva kwalokho iqale impilo ezimele, zihlale lapho zifuna indawo enhle yokuhlela indawo entsha.
Ukufuna ukudla
Ama-beavers asebusuku. Kusihlwa, izimbobo nezindawo zokuhlala zihamba, ziyofuna ukudla. Ekudleni kwabo - ukudla kwezitshalo: amakhambi, izimila ezinamanzi ezinamanzi, amaqabunga, amagxolo ezihlahla ezahlukayo. Njengoba lokhu kudla kungaphakeme kakhulu kilojoule ongakudla, ama-beavers ayondla ubusuku bonke, alala ekuseni kuphela.
Ekwindla, izilwane ziqala ukugcina ukudla ebusika, amahlumela ezihlahla nezihlahlana, zikugcine ezansi kwedamu. Uma kwenzeka kungabikho kudla okwanele eduze nendawo yokuhlala, kuthunyelwa ama-beaver ukudla ehlathini eliseduzane. Ukuhambisa amagatsha, zisebenzisa imisele egcwele amanzi, eyakhelwe endaweni yezindlela ezinyathelwe ngokujulile, noma ngisho nokuzimba ngokukhethekile.
Futhi hhayi umdobi nhlobo
Umqondo omkhulu ongalungile mayelana nama-beavers ukuthi badla izinhlanzi. Eqinisweni, izilwane ziyi-herbivorous ngokuphelele. Bathanda i-willow ne-aspen, ngeke bayeke i-poplar, i-birch, izitshalo zasemanzini ezisogwini kanye nezasolwandle. Amagxolo okugquma nokukhula okuncane kwezihlahla. Kungenxa yale nhloso ukuthi badle izihlahla.
Imizuzu emihlanu kuphela yanele ukuthi i-beaver ilahle isihlahla samameterimitha kufika kumasentimitha ayi-10. Isilo siwenza lo msebenzi, simi emilenzeni yaso yangemuva siphumule emsileni waso - asikho kuphela lapho sibhukuda. Ngaphambili, amazinyo awanalutho, kuthi emuva kugaywe, okuvumela izisusa ukuba zihlale zibukhali njalo. Imihlathi yakhe isebenza njengesaha: amazinyo aphezulu, lapho egedla amazinyo, aphambane nomuthi, ahoxe nangaphansi komlomo wakhe.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Ebusika, umndeni we-beaver ungagcina amagatsha acishe abe ngu-70 cubic metres. Isitoko sigcinwa ngaphansi kogu emanzini.
Ezinkalweni noma emakamelweni
Kuyathakazelisa: Ubude obukhulu sedamu eli-beaver elaziwa ngabantu lingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-800.
Izinsolo zokufakwa kwamabhontela ekudleni izinhlanzi zihlobene nekhono lazo lokwakha amadamu. Eqinisweni, ngosizo lwabo balawula izinga lamanzi echibini ukuze lingashoni ngokuvula iminyango yezigxobo zabo, noma okuphambene nalokho, lingagcwali iziyaluyalu. Indlu yakhiwa lapho ingekho indlela yokumba umgodi ogwini - lokhu kungu-braswood, omiswe ngosilika, ngobumba. Njengasemgodini, i-hut kumele ibe nokufakwa ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ebusika, izilwane zifudumeza indlu ukuze izinga lokushisa lihlale lilihle.
Ama-Beaver ayizilwane zomndeni, yize kukhona izifiso. Umndeni ungabazali, izilwane ezincane zesikhathi esedlule kanye nonyaka owedlule, kanye namawundlu amasha. Uzalwa entwasahlobo, cishe ngokushesha akwazi ukubhukuda. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abazali bangafundisi izingane ukwakha izindlu kanye namadamu - lawo ngamakhono angaphakathi.
Owesilisa, inhloko yomndeni, umaka umkhawulo ngensimu yakhe ngokusakaza kwakhe.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Ama-Beavers abikwa ngokushaya amanzi ngemisila yawo - ngale ndlela isiginali esiyingozi singadluliswa. Impela, umsila uyithuluzi elenzelwe ukusebenzelana kulesi silwane.
Hhayi inkathazo nhlobo
Ngokudabukisayo, umsebenzi wokusika izinkuni kwama-beaver awulimazi kangako kunezinzuzo ezizilethayo. Izindawo zemvelo ngenxa yama-beavers zigcwala kakhulu - amadamu abo acebile ngezinambuzane, ama-mollusks, ngakho-ke kunezinyoni eziningi. Ziletha amaqanda kuma-paws avela kwezinye izindawo zokuzingela - inani lezinhlanzi liyanda. Izihlahla ezigawuliwe ziheha ama hares futhi zidilize nethuba lokuphakelwa ngamagxolo, amagatsha. Amanzi asemadamu ahlanzwa ukungcola kanye nosilika.
Lezi zilwane eziwusizo zazisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni - ngenxa yokuzingela ngobuningi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwakungekho ngisho noyedwa wabantu abayinkulungwane nengxenye ezwekazini lase-Euro. Ukwenqatshelwa kokuzingela nokuvulwa kwesigcini esifundeni saseVoronezh kusize ukubuyisela inani labantu. Ukusuka lapho, ama-beaver axazululwa hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela, kodwa nakwabanye abaningi.
Isigamu seminyaka eyikhulu ngaphambili, abantu baseMelika nabaseCanada baqala ukuqapha abakhi bamadamu abo abanamachilo. Namuhla, i-beaver yaseCanada isizinzise kude kakhulu nensimu yayo yangaphambili. I-Argentina, iSweden, iFinland - balethwa lapho ngabantu. Base bezinza ke. Ngakho-ke, izilwane zaseFinland zeza endaweni yaseRussia, manje inani lazo ezweni lethu lingaphansi kwesithathu kuphela kwenani labapheki abajwayelekile abahlala lapha.
Kuyathakazelisa: IBeaavers yathola indawo yayo izingalo emadolobheni amaningi aseRussia, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, France. Ukusuka lapho kukhunjulwa isikhathi eside, ihlosi elinezicucu emazinyweni alo laligqokiswa engubeni ye-Irkutsk, kodwa bese libizwa ngokuthi ihlosi, ibabger. Ngenxa yephutha ngekhulu le-19, kwabekwa i-beaver lapho. Ngemuva kokuthola imininingwane, kwavela isilo esimangalisayo: ngokwencazelo yengubo yeNovosibirsk, lesi silwane sibizwa ngokuthi i-babr, kanti kuboniswa isilwane esikhulu, ngokwengxenye kufana ne-beaver.
Esizeni sethu ungathenga izilwane ezazigxishwe enziwe ngezandla zezingcweti ezinamakhono.
Ukwakhiwa kwamadamu
Kungani kufanele abathobi bezitho zokuzalela amadamu? Ngakho-ke banamanzi amaningi. Kaningi, umndeni we-beaver uhlala emfuleni omncane noma umfudlana wokuphakamisa izinga lamanzi kuzo, izinduku bese wakhe lezi zinhlaka ezinkulu. Ngenxa yedamu, kutholakala ichibi elincane emfuleni, okuyindawo eyintandokazi yabathwali bezimbali.
Inkambo yesifundo.
Ihlala imanzi njengamanzi
Isebenza ngama-beaver:
Wakha uthango ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Guys, namuhla ngithanda ukuningenisa kini beavers, beavers zinhle abakhi.
Beavers abahlala emfuleni abakhi abahlekisayo.
Ama-Beavers - Kuyamangaza kakhulu - izilwane ezisebenza kanzima. Kuphela ama-beavers angakha emifuleni nasemifuleni yangempela i-platinamu, njengamapulangwe, yawa izihlahla eziwugqinsi, yakha izindlu zezindlu.
Ihlala isikhathi eside, igoqwa ngobuciko kusuka kumagatsha, kufakwe usimende umfula sludge, iplatinamu ye-beaver ayesabingisho nezikhukhula.
Kepha nansi iplatinamu kwakhiweyakheka enkulu umfula ichibi futhi phakathi echibini lakhula i-beaver hut.
Ukungena ku i-beaver indlwana ihlala ingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngaphakathi kwendlu engenhla kwezinga lamanzi, izilwane zihlela indawo yokuphumula ebanzi. Lapho izilwane ziphumula phakathi nosuku, bese ebusuku ziye "ukungena ngemvume".
Lapha i-beaver ethola i-aspen noma u-willow bese eqala ukugedla isihlahla kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Umuthi ekugcineni uyondla.
Isihlahla esiwile beaversusike ngokucophelela: bahlukanisa amagatsha, basike isigxobo saba yizingxenye eziningana, bese beyincibilikisa yonke phansi echibini elibangise endlini yabo bese beyibeka eceleni komunye nomunye ezinqwaba ezinkulu.
Ngakho beavers hlela izinto zabo zokudla ebusika. Ichibi lizogquma, futhi beavers bayohlala ekhaya labo bagaye ngobumnandi amagxolo namagatsha amasha e-aspin, umngqangi, i-birch, i-poplar, abathandayo.
I-Overwinter beavers, futhi ngentwasahlobo bayoba nezincane beavers. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa beavers emva kwezinsuku ezimbili sezivele zibhukuda, futhi emva kwamasonto amathathu zidla izitshalo. Ngokwindla, izilwane zizokhula, bese umndeni wonke osebenza ngokuzikhandla ulungisa idamu, izindlu zawo futhi uhlele nokugcinwa okusha kwamagatsha.
7 isilayidi - 8 isilayidi
Babukeka kanjani beavers? Uma umbheka ngaphambili, uzomangala ngezinsimbi ezinhle (amazinyo enamathela ngaphezu kwezindebe. Usebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi nazo, ngaphandle kokuvula umlomo.
Futhi unjani umsila ongajwayelekile i-beaver, usiza ngobuhlakani, umhambisa emanzini.
Uthisha: bafo, manje ake senze iseshini yemfundo yomzimba.
Futhi ama-blueberries akhula ehlathini
Futhi ama-blueberries ayakhula ehlathini,
Ukukhetha i-berry
Isikwati sijule. (Ama-squats.)
Ngangihamba ehlathini.
Ngiphethe ubhasikidi wamajikijolo. (Ukuhamba endaweni.)
Imibuzo ezinganeni.
ini ukwakha ama-beavers? (iplatinamu, ama-huts)
Ungavuna kanjani ukudla?
Umuthi uboshwe kuwo wonke izinhlangothi, isihlahla esiwile beaversusike ngokucophelela: amagatsha ahlukaniswe, isiqu sigawulwa izingxenye eziningi.
Badlani beavers? (utshani, amagatsha, amagxolo).
Uthisha: bafo, namuhla uphendukele kithi ukuthola usizo beaver Kuzya, wazinza osebeni lomfula, kepha izihlahla azikhuli lapho. Guys, siza uKuza futhi utshale izihlahla eduze nomfula.
Guys, nakekela imvelo, vikela izilwane.
Izingane ezinothisha zinamathela ezihlahleni. Kuzya ngibonga laba bantu ngosizo lwabo.
Ukufingqwa kwesifundo esithi "Abasizi Abancane" (iqembu lesibili labancane) Izinhloso: ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo yezingane zasenkulisa, ukuvuselelwa kwesilulumagama. Imisebenzi: Imisebenzi yemfundo: funda ukushayela ngendlela efanele.
Isifinyezo sesifundo esithi “Zazi Wena” (iqembu lesibili elincane kunawo wonke) Igama lomsebenzi “Zazi Wena” (iqembu lesibili elincane) Inqubekela phambili yezifundo. Njalo ekuseni, umhlangano wethu enkulisa uqala ngamazwi athi ....
I-Synopsis yesifundo esihlanganisiwe esithi "Izinambuzane" (iqembu lesibili elincane) Isinodi sesifundo esihlanganisiwe "Izinambuzane" Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo: - ukwenza jikelele futhi kuhlanganiswe ulwazi lwezingane ngezinambuzane, ukuzethula kulabo abahlukile.
Ama-Synopsis wosuku lwengqikithi “Siyizinyoni ezihlekisayo” (iqembu lesibili eliyisidididi) Izimpawu zosuku lwengqikithi “Siyizinyoni ezihlekisayo” (iqembu le-II junior) Izinjongo ze- “Day Day”: ukufaka isandla ekususweni kwe-psycho-ngokomzwelo.
Ukufingqa kwesifundo esithi “Isicelo“ Inkomo ”(iqembu lesibili labadala) Inhloso yesifundo: Ukufundisa izingane ngendlela engavamile yesicelo epuletini yephepha, ukukhombisa ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ipuleti kubuciko.
Isifinyezo sesifundo "Ibhasikidi elinamavithamini" (iqembu lesibili elincane) Inhloso: ukufundisa izingane ukuthi zisebenze ngokubambisana futhi zenze isicelo, futhi zakhe isimo esivumayo ngemikhiqizo ephilile nenempilo.
Izimpawu zemodeli "Ondlunkulu nekati." Isiqondisi seqembu lesibili kunabo bonke: ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuciko nobuhle (ukumodela). Ingqikithi: "Ondlunkulu nekati." Imisebenzi: ifuna ukuxhumana nabantu abadala futhi.
Isifinyezo sesifundo kwisicelo “i-Snowman” (iqembu lesibili elincane) Imisebenzi: Ukwaziwa komhlaba wangaphandle: Ngisiphi isikhathi sonyaka nenyanga? Ingabe kufudumele noma kubanda ngaphandle? Ingabe kukhona iqhwa ngaphandle? Icicles? ka.
Ukufingqa kwesifundo esithi “Ukudweba IWundlu” (iqembu lesibili labadala) Inhloso yesifundo: Ukufundisa izingane ukuthi zingahlela kanjani izingxenye zomzimba wewundlu futhi zikhulise isimo sengqondo sokukhathalela izilwane. Imisebenzi yohlelo: 1. Ezemfundo.
Ukufingqa kwesifundo "Zayushkina hut." Iqembu lesibili elincane kunazo zonke Iqoqo lesibili elincane kakhulu lesishwankathelo sesifundo "Inhloso kaZayushkina" Inhloso. Ukuze ufundise ukuxazulula imicibisholo, ukubona ngokomzwelo okuqukethwe inganekwane, ukuphendula.
Lalela izwi eli-beaver
Impilo ye-Beaver incike ngokuphelele emfuleni. Emanzini, ama-beavers mate, awela endaweni yokukhosela futhi aphunyuke kwizinyamazane. Ngaphansi kwamanzi, lamagundane angabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15. Lapho kunengozi ecacile, ukukwazi ukugcina umoya kusiza kakhulu kuma-beavers.
Ngaphambi kokwakha idamu, ama-beavers anquma indawo yokwakhiwa. Ama-rodents akhetha izindawo lapho ugu oluseceleni lutholakala khona eduze. Ama-Beavers anaka futhi nokuba khona kwezihlahla ogwini, ngoba ziyizinto zokwakha eziyinhloko. Izinduku ziququda iziqu zemithi futhi zizinamathe zibheke phansi komfula, isikhala esiphakathi kwesiqu simbozwe ngamatshe nosilika. Ingxenye yaphezulu iqiniswa amagatsha nobumba. Imiklamo enjalo iqine kakhulu futhi ithembekile.
Idamu, elakhiwe ngabakwa-beavers, lingafinyelela kubude bamamitha angama-30. Ngokwesisekelo, idamu libanzi - ngamamitha angama-6,6, kanti ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo sincipha kuya kumamitha ayi-2. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3-5. Amadamu okwakhiwa ngabathwali bezinwele ezingama-500 no-850 ubude aqoshwa.
Uma kunesisekelo esiqinile emfuleni, khona-ke ama-beaver akha amadamu ongeziwe futhi enze imisele ekhethekile evimbela ukucekelwa phansi kwesakhiwo lapho umfula uchitha. Ama-rodents ahlala njalo eqaphela indalo yawo, asuse ngokushesha umonakalo omncane nokuvuza.
Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwama-beaver
Ama-beaver aseCanada adala imibhangqwana impilo yonke, ukwahlukana kwenzeka kuphela emva kokufa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana ezilwaneni kuqala ebusika. Inqubo yokuzalela yenzeka emanzini. Ukukhulelwa kuma-beaver aseCanada kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-128, naku-beaver ejwayelekile - izinsuku ezingama-107.
Kuzalwa izingane ezi-2-6 ezinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-400. Owesifazane udla i-beaver ubisi izinyanga ezintathu. Isonto eli-1 ngemuva kokuzalwa, izingane sezivele zikwazi ukubhukuda. Abesilisa benziwa ngokugcwele ngeminyaka engu-3. Kwabesifazane abaningi, ukuthomba kwenzeka futhi eminyakeni emi-3. Abesifazane bayakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2.
Endle, ama-beaver aseCanada ahlala iminyaka engama-20-25, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuphila aphila iminyaka engama-35.
Inani lezinhlobo
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, kwakukhona abayizigidi eziyikhulu abapheki baseCanada eNyakatho Melika, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, izinduku zacishe zachithwa ngokuphelele. Kubantu abake baba baningi, kwasala izinsalela ezincane.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwamiswa umthetho wokubhujiswa kwama-beaever. Namuhla eMelika, isibalo sabagundi baseCanada singaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10. E-Eurasia, isimo sase sibi kakhulu - ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwakungekho bantu abangaphezu kwe-1,200 kule ndima enkulu.
Ukuvinjelwa kokubhujiswa kwabo kuqale ukusebenza iminyaka eyi-100, ngenxa yalokho, isibalo sakhuphuka saba ngamagundane ayizinkulungwane ezingama-700. Emazweni amaningi ase-Europe, ama-beaver aqothulwa ngokuphelele emakhulwini we-XVII-XIX, futhi namuhla athole kabusha lapho.
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