I-Taracatum (lat. Hoplosternum thoracatum) noma i-hoplopernum evamile ngaphambili kwakuyinto eyodwa. Kepha ngonyaka we-1997, uDkt Roberto Reis, walihlolisisa loluhlobo. Wahlukanisa uhlobo oludala olwaziwa nge- “Hoplosternum” lwaba ngamagatsha amaningana.
Futhi igama lesiLatini elithi Hoplosternum thoracatum, laba yiMegalechis thoracata. Kodwa-ke, ngobukhulu bezwe lethu, kusabizwa igama laso elidala, kahle, noma nje - i-catfish tarakatum.
Incazelo
Inhlanzi inombala onsundu okhanyayo enamabala amakhulu amnyama asakazeke emithanjeni nasemzimbeni. Amabala amnyama avela ebusheni futhi aqhubeke njengoba ekhula.
Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwentsha nabantu abadala ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbala onsundu okhanyayo uba mnyama.
Ngenkathi iqhuma, isisu sabesilisa sithola ukugcwala okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti ezikhathini ezijwayelekile sinombala omhlophe omuncu. Kwabesifazane, umbala wesisu umhlophe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Baphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele, isikhathi sokuphila seminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphezulu.
Ukuphila endalweni
I-taracatum ihlala eNingizimu Melika, engxenyeni esenyakatho yoMfula i-Amazon. Batholakala eziqhingini zaseTrinidad kanti abanye bazinza eFlorida, bededelwa ngabasolwandle abangazinaki.
Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuqagele, i-tarakatum ithanda amanzi afudumele, okushisa angama-24-28 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azinciphisi amapharamitha wamanzi, futhi zitholakala ngokwemvelo emanzini alukhuni futhi athambile, ane-pH ngaphansi kuka-6.0 nangaphezulu kuka-8.0. Usawoti nawo uyashintshashintsha futhi baphatha amanzi kasawoti.
I-taracatum inesakhiwo esikhethekile samathumbu esibavumela ukuba baphefumule i-oksijeni esemkhathini futhi ngezikhathi ezithile inyukela phezulu ngemuva kwayo.
Njengoba ethatha ukushesha okukhulu kwalokhu, i-aquarium kumele imbozwe, ngaphandle kwalokho i-catfish ingaphuma. Kepha, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi i-compressor noma i-oxygen, akadingi.
I-aquarium ye-taracatum idinga indawo ebanzi, enendawo enkulu engezansi nomthamo we-aquarium okungenani amalitha ayi-100. ICatfish ingakhula ibe ngosayizi abahle.
I-catfish yabantu abadala ifinyelela usayizi we-13-16 cm. Ngokwemvelo, lesi yisikole sezinhlanzi, futhi isibalo sabantu esikoleni singafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana.
Kungcono ukugcina abantu abangama-5-6 e-aquarium. Kuyadingeka ukuthi umhlambi unowesilisa oyedwa kuphela, ngoba abesilisa abaningana baqubuka kabi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma futhi umuntu ovelele angabulala umphikisi.
Ukuphela kwento okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ubukhulu bawo nokudla futhi kusho isamba esikhulu semfucuza. Izinguquko ezijwayelekile zamanzi nokuhlunga kuyadingeka. Kunconywa ukubuyisela amanzi aze afike ku-20% ngesonto.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Indlela elula yokuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesilisa ukubheka i-pectoral fin. Amaphinifa we-pectoral owesilisa osekhulile makhulu futhi angunxantathu, umucu wokuqala wefinisi awugqinsi futhi ubukeka njengesigaxa.
Ngesikhathi sokunwebeka, lolu lugamu luba nombala wewolintshi. Amaphiko besifazane azungezwe ngaphezulu, futhi makhulu kunowesilisa ngobukhulu.
Ukuzala
ICatfish inendlela engavamile kakhulu yokuzala uma iqhathaniswa nezinye i-catfish. Iduna lakha isidleke sogwebu ebusweni bamanzi. Uzohlala izinsuku ezakha isidleke, eqoqa izingcezu zezitshalo ukuze ambambe.
Kuvela ukuthi kukhulu ngempela futhi kungamboza ingxenye yesithathu yobuso bamanzi bese ifinyelela ubude obufika ku-3 cm. Emvelweni, ikatifish lisebenzisa ishidi elikhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, kanti e-aquarium ungafaka i-polystyrene ngaphansi kwalo elizokwakha isidleke.
Iziduna zidedela amabhulokhi ambozwe ngommunxa onamathelayo, osiza ukuba amaqubu angaqhume izinsuku eziningana.
Lapho isidleke sesilungile, owesilisa uqala ukuxosha insikazi. Owesifazane ophelile ulandela owesilisa esidlekeni bese kuqalwa ukuqhuma.
Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda anamathela ayi-12 ku “scoop” enza ngawo usebenzisa izinza zakhe zesisu. Ngemuva kwalokho ubadlulisela esidlekeni bese uqala ukuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Ngokushesha iduna libhukuda liye esidlekeni ngesisu salo, lifaka amaqanda ngobisi bese likhipha ama-bubble kumagalari ukuze amaqanda aqine esihlahleni. Inqubo yokuzalanisa iyaphindwa kuze kube yilapho wonke amaqanda eseshonile.
Kwabesifazane abahlukahlukene, lokhu kungasukela kumaqanda angama-500 kuye kwangama-1000. Emva kwalokho, insikazi ingagcinwa. Uma zisekhona izintokazi ezilungele ukwedlula indawo, ukuzalanisa kungaphindelwa nazo.
Yize ngamathuba alinganayo owesilisa uyozixosha. Owesilisa uzovikela udlame ngobudlova futhi ahlasele noma yiziphi izinto, kubandakanya amanetha nezandla.
Ngenkathi kuqapha isidleke, owesilisa akadli, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokumondla. Uzohlala esilungisa isidleke, engeza amagwebu futhi abuyisele amaqanda awile esidlekeni.
Uma, noma kunjalo, amanye amaqanda ewela phansi, azobopha lapho futhi asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka.
Ezingeni lokushisa elingu-27 ° C cishe ezinsukwini ezine, amaqanda azodonsa. Okwamanje, kungcono ukutshala owesilisa, ubaba okhathalelayo angahluma futhi adle i-caviar elambile.
Izibungu zingabhukuda esidlekeni izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, kodwa, njengomthetho, ziyavela phakathi nosuku bese ziye ezansi.
Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, idla kokuqukethwe kwe-yolk sac phakathi nosuku futhi ngalesi sikhathi ayinakudliwa. Uma kukhona inhlabathi ezansi, bazothola ama-starter feed lapho.
Ngezinsuku noma ezimbili ngemuva kokuhluma, lo gazinga ungafakwa ngemicu emincane, i-artemia nauplia kanye nokudla okwenziwe ngomshini wezinkukhu okuzinze kahle.
I-Malek ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi emavikini ayisishiyagalombili ingafinyelela usayizi ka-3-4 cm. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, ungawadlulisela ekunikezeni izondlamzimba zabantu abadala, okusho ukuthi ukuguqulwa kokuhlunga okuthuthukile kanye nokuguqulwa kwamanzi njalo.
Ukukhulisa ama-fry ayi-300 noma ngaphezulu akuyona inkinga ngakho-ke udinga ukuthi ube nama-aquariums ambalwa ukuze uhlele i-fry ngosayizi.
Kusukela kulo mzuzu kungcono ukucabanga ukuthi ungayifaka kuphi intsha. Ngenhlanhla i-catfish ihlala ifunwa.
Uma ufika kule nkinga - ukuhalalisela, ukwazile ukuzala enye inhlanzi engajwayelekile futhi emnandi!
UMnu Tail uyancoma: izinhlobo
Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi kunolunye kuphela uhlobo lweTarakatum catfish, kepha ngonyaka ka-1997, ososayensi bahlonze imibukiso emi-4:
- I-Beige. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ihlala emifuleni nasemachibini ase-Argentina, Colombia nase-Ecuador. Ingakhula ibe ngama-22 cm ubude. Amapulangwe amathambo akhona ezinhlangothini. Umbala - imibala ehlukene onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi enombala ophuzi. Kukhona amabala abonakalayo. Emikhawulweni yamaphinifa we-pectoral kunemigqaqo, ebizwa ngokuthi "izingwegwe".
- Magdalena. Igama elingajwayelekile kangako lelo lihlotshaniswa nendawo yokuhlala - laqala ukutholakala emfuleni waseColombian Magdalena. Ubude obukhulu bomuntu omdala bungaphansi kune-subspecies edlule futhi bangama-15-16 cm. Umbala unombala onsundu onsundu onamabala angahlukaniseki kahle, isisu se-beige. Amaphiko acishe abe sobala, kanti namaphiko we-pectoral aphuzi ngombala.
- UDianema onekhanda elide. Ukuphila emanzini aseNingizimu Melika. Umbala uphuzi, onsundu, ungapinki opinki. Amabala amnyama emzimbeni mancane kunezinye izingqangi. Futhi kuma-caudal fin kunemivimbo emnyama.
- Amasaka-gill. Ngenxa yezimpawu ze-anatomical, ingenza imisindo ifane namaxoxo acwebezelayo. Ngokuvamile, ukubukeka nosayizi akuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo.
Phakathi kwamaTarakatum albinos nawo ayatholakala, kepha awabelwe ngendlela engafani nenye. Zinezikali ezicishe zibe mhlophe namehlo abomvu.
Ukondla nokondla
Ukudla kweTaracatum akuyona into edabukisayo futhi engadla: ukudla oku bukhoma, okwenziwe iqhwa, okwomile, okufakwayo nokufakwayo. Ukudla okubukhoma, kuhle kuma-cellworms, ama-bloodworms, ama-tubers, i-daphnia, i-cutwworms. Phakathi kokudla okwomile, i-gammarus ne-daphnia kudliwa kahle, futhi nenhliziyo yenyama ebilisiwe inamathela kusuka kokuphakelayo okwenziwe ngenkani. Ngondla i-catfish catfish yenhlanzi ngenhliziyo yenyama ebunjiwe. Ngaphambilini ngangihlanza inhliziyo yenkomo kwifilimu ngiyisike izingcezu ezincane, bese ngiyifaka emasakeni epulasitiki ngiyifaka efrijini.
Ngaphambi kokondla amaqhude, ngikhipha ucezu lwenhliziyo ebandayo bese ngiyigcoba ku-grater yasekhishini ngiyilethe e-aquarium ngezingxenye ezincane. I-Tarakatum catfish ithanda ukudla okunjalo futhi ihlala ikudla ngentokozo. Njengokwengezelelwa ngamakhambi, ungondla ama-maphele ngesinkwa esimhlophe esigcotshwe kahle.
Ngondla i-catfish ye-tarakatum ngesinkwa esimhlophe. Ngifaka ucezu oluncane lwesinkwa enetheni bese ngiliphalaza kahle ngaphansi kwempompi. Ngenza lokhu ukuze amanzi asemanzini avela esinkwa angangeni. Ngemuva kwalokho ngiphendulela inetha ngesinkwa esihlanjiwe bese ngikuhlanza e-aquarium.
Ubulukhuni ne-acidity yamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu uma kuzalaniswa amaqhude, kodwa noma kunjalo udinga okungenani ukunamathela kumingcele ye-hydrochemical enconyiwe: dH 20 °, pH 6.7-7.6. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lokugcina i-catfish ye-tarakatum lingaphakathi kwama-24-28 ° degrees. Ama-Taracatums ayizinhlanzi ezinokuthula futhi ayahambisana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezifanele ukugcinwa emanzini ajwayelekile.
Isifo
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-taracatum zithambekele kwisifo se-protozoal futhi zingagula, ngokwesibonelo, ichthyophthyroidism. Ukuvimbela izinhlanzi ukuthi zingaguli, kunciphisa amazinga okushisa kwamanzi e-aquarium ngaphansi kwama-degrees angama-24. Uma kwenzeka isifo se-taracatum sine-ichthyophthyroidism, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinhlanzi ezigulayo zingalashwa e-aquarium ehlukile futhi ejwayelekile. ICatfish ingalashwa nge-bicillin 5. Isithako esinconyelwe se-bicillin 5 endaweni ehlala emanzini siyizindawo ezingama-500,000 ngamalitha ayi-100, amahlandla ayisithupha, njalo ngosuku.
Emkhunjini ohlukile amayunithi ayi-1,500,000 nge-10 wamalitha, imizuzu engama-30, amahlandla ayisithupha, zonke ezinye izinsuku. Ngaphambi kokwethula i-bicillin 5 yezidakamizwa emanzini, ifakwa emanzini afudumele bese ithululelwa kancane kancane ku-compressor spray. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-bicillin 5 ilahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukumboza i-aquarium. Ukuze ungashisi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezintekenteke njenge: Cinnamon, Cinnamon, Kabomba, njll, kuyadingeka ukususa izitshalo kuwo ngaphambi kokwethula umuthi e-aquarium.
Ukuzala
I-Taracatum ifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ezinyangeni eziyi-8-15. Ukuqhekeka kwabo kuphindwe kabili, ngababili bazakha bodwa. Ukuphinda kudaleke amaqhude kubukeka sengathi kuyathakazelisa, ngoba abesilisa bakha isidleke kusuka kugwebu ngaphansi kwamaqabunga amakhulu ebusweni bamanzi futhi bavikele ukubumbana. Owesilisa uhlukaniswa yisigaxa samathambo esinamazinyo amaningi amancane, okuyi-ray yokuqala ye-pectoral fin.
Ukusakaza
Umfuyi wezinhlanzi odumile we-aquarium catfish uTatyana Aleksandrovna Verhinina uchaze ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-aquarium catfish yabamele uhlobo lweHoplosternum (Hoplosternum thoracatum): Ama-Aquarists ahlobanisa ukuvusa amadlingozi ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa ngama-4-5 degrees degrees ngokunezela ngezikhathi ezithile amanzi ahlanzekile abanda nge-RH ephezulu ye-Rox. Ukugqugquzelwa kuzoba ukwehla kwengcindezi yasemkhathini eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokudlula kwesiphepho futhi kuvame ukuletha isimo sezulu semvula, ukuduma kwezulu, njll.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwamasonto ayi-1-2 abakhiqizi kubaluleke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukondliwa okuningiliziwe kokuphakelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu imvelaphi yezilwane. Okuphakelayo kufanele kube kukhulu kangangoba inhlanzi uqobo ngokuphefumula ngakunye, konke ukunyakaza kwamfica. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukugcina inhlanzeko, ungavumeli abafile ukudla bukhoma ukuthi konakalise amanzi asemanzini. Kubalulekile futhi, kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ukushintshanisa okuphakelayo okuthandwa kakhulu: i-red daphnia, i-enchitrea, i-bloodworm, ishubhu, i-Earthworms echotshoziwe.
Ukushintshwa kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nesihlungi esisebenzayo se-aquarium sidlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuze unwebe, udinga ukufaka isosi epulasitiki engangeni, ulingisa iqabunga eliyindilinga lesitshalo se-marsh, ngaphansi kobuso bamanzi. Lapha owesilisa uzokwakha isidleke esinamakha, lapho sizobekwa khona i-caviar. Owesifazane uphonsa amaqanda angama-1000 esidlekeni. Bona, kanye nepuleti, kufanele bathuthelwe e-aquarium ekhethekile enezimpawu ezilandelayo zendawo yasemanzini: i-acidity 6.5-7.0, ubunzima be-carbonate 2 °, amazinga okushisa angama-24 °.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyathandeka ukufaka imibala emanzini nge-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Izibungu zifinyelela kumamilimitha ayisithupha ubude, zinezintuthwane ezakhiwe kahle namaphiko. I-gallbladder ku-izibungu idliwa ngokushesha futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili ifry eyakhiwe kufanele idliwe: uthuli oluphilayo, i-brine shrimp, ama-rotifers noma i-daphnia encane. Kungcono ukuhlomisa i-aquarium yentsha ngezindawo zokukhosela, ngokwesibonelo, izimbiza zezimbali ezihlanekezelwe, lapho inhlanzi izocasha khona lapho kukhanya ngokweqile.
USom Tarakatum ugcina futhi enakekela izinhlanzi
Nini amaphela kusekuncane, zingagcinwa e-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-50 noma ngaphezulu. Kamuva, i-aquarium idinga ukwandiswa. Abadala badinga i-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wamalitha ayi-100. Kuzoba ngcono uma utshala izitshalo eziningi ku-aquarium bese ubeka izindawo zokukhosela.
Phansi kwe-aquarium kumele kube ngesihlabathi esiphakathi noma olunye udoti oluthambile. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinambuzane zithanda ukubuka futhi zithole konke kuyo yonke indawo, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi iphephile. Ama-Taracatums agcinwa eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye noma ngamaqembu. Ama-catfish anjalo ayakuthanda ukuxhumana, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwagcina emihlambini.
Ukukhanya akufanele kube kukhanya kakhulu, uma noma kunjalo ukukhanya kuqinile, khona-ke kumele kube nezitshalo ebusweni ezizokwakha isithunzi. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi udinga ukushiya izikhala ezivulekile ku-aquarium. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-catfish aphefumula umoya, njengezinye izinhlanzi. Uma i-aquarium ivaliwe ngesivimbo, khona-ke umgodi kufanele wenziwe ukujikeleza umoya e-aquarium.
ICatfish izobhukuda kaningi ngosuku ukuze igwinye umoya. Ukuzigcina ebumnyameni, ungafaka isibani ngokukhanya kwenyanga. Taracatum Uthanda amanzi ngokugeleza nokuqukethwe komoya omningi, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwesihlungi kufanele kube okuphoqelekile. Kodwa futhi ungakhohlwa ngokuhlanzeka kwe-aquarium kanye nokugcinwa kwayo. Amanzi kufanele ashintshe masonto onke. Kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe isigamu samanzi kuphela.
Amazinga okushisa kwamanzi asemanzini angaba ngu-23 ° C. Futhi, amanzi kufanele abe acidic ngaphansi kwe-7 pH, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi zihlala endaweni enjalo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bazivumelanisa nezimo futhi bahlala endaweni e-aquarium.
ISom Tarakatum nokuhambisana kwayo nezinye izinhlanzi
Catfish taracatum - isakhamuzi esingaphansi, esihlangana nezinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo. Ukufaka lezi zinhlanzi kulula kakhulu nakubaqalayo, kodwa kuphela uma amanzi esekulungele ukuhlala kuwo. Kumele ihlanzeke, futhi i-aquarium ibanzi. Akunconyelwe ukuthi uqukethe i-taracatum enenhlanzi encane, ngokwesibonelo, nge-guppy engasekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amane. ITarakatum ungayidla ebusuku.
Noma catfish taracatum futhi kunokuthula, kepha uthanda ukudla nokudla izinhlanzi ezincane. Omakhelwane be-aquarium bangaba izinhlanzi ezinde ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-6, isibonelo, i-puntius, i-tetra noma ama-cichlids. Omakhelwane abakhulu abane-maphele bazoba yi-goldenfish.
Badla ama-cockroache ngama-pellets, granules kanye namaphilisi akhethekile we-catfish. Ukudla okuthandwa yiCatfish kungamagciwane egazi, womabili aqandisiwe futhi aphile, kanye ne-brine shrimp, krill ne-shrimp. Ubisi obomile nalo lufakiwe. Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukudla kahle, ngakho-ke udinga ukuzondla izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngosuku.
Ngenkathi usondla iqhude liziphatha ngenkuthalo nangokuzimisela, ngakho-ke kuyatuswa ukuthi ukondla kwakusezindaweni ezihlukene ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze zonke izinhlanzi ezisondelene nama-tarkatums zidle. Uma omakhelwane e-aquarium bethukile futhi beyigwala, bangakwazi futhi, ngokuvamile, benqabe ukudla. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlanzi kufanele zibhekwe.
Ukuzalela kanye nokuzalela eSom Tarakatum e-aquarium
Lapho ukuqhuma kuhamba inhlanzi eyikati qala ukwakha ngababili, futhi uqine impela. Owesilisa uyaqala shintsha umbala wesisu futhi ubonise. I-pair enjalo kufanele idluliselwe ku-aquarium ehlukile, ibashiye ndawonye. Kamuva, kutshalwe insikazi kusukela kowesilisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekusakazeni kwakuthule kakhulu.
I-taracatum yowesilisa iqala ukubandakanyeka kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesidleke sama-bubble ebusweni bamanzi futhi iqinise phakathi kwezitshalo ezintantayo. Futhi, owesilisa angasika izingcezwana zezitshalo zokwakha ngamawele akhe.Kuyadingeka ukunakekela ukuthi izitshalo eziningi zintanta ebusweni. Inqubo enjalo ingathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Lapho umsebenzi usuqediwe, owesilisa ulandela insikazi. Uma i-taracatum yowesifazane isilungile, bese ikati libhukuda ndawonye esidlekeni. Manje owesilisa angamfaka umquba, bese insikazi ikwazi ukubeka amaqanda esidlekeni. Inani lamaqanda lincike emzimbeni womuntu wesifazane. Isilinganiso samaqanda angaba ngu-200. Owesifazane omkhulu angazalela amaqanda angama-450.
Lapho inqubo yokubeka iqanda isiqeda, insikazi kungcono kakhulu ukuphuma esidlekeni. Izinsuku ezintathu owesilisa uhlala eduzane nesidleke, ngazo zonke izindlela uzivikela ezivakashi ezihlukile. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kufana nokukhohlisa, ukhohliwe, owesilisa angahlikihla izihlobo zakhe.
Owesilisa ubheka amaqanda, uma kunesidingo, elungisa isidleke, athathe amaqanda awile awubuyisele endaweni yawo, bese kuba njalo, kuze kube yilapho sekufakwe i-fry hatch. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, gazinga iqala ukuvela. Ngemuva kokuba sebevele, owesilisa kufanele aboshwe, Angadla eyakhe inzalo. Ekuqaleni, gazinga athola ukudla esiswini sawo, kuthi emva kosuku adinga ukondliwa ngokudla kukaFry, ngokwesibonelo, izibungu ezincane. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili bangadla njengabantu abadala.
Izisekelo ze-Aquarium
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-catfish yaseTarakatum ayisiyisiqalo ekusetshenzisweni nasekuhlinzekeni, ifanelekile nakubaqalayo abasemanzini, noma kunjalo, ezinye izici zale nhlanzi kuzodingeka ukuthi zibhekwe ukuze zakhe izimo zokuphila ezinhle kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Usayizi we-catfish. Lezi zinhlanzi ezinkulu ezanele, futhi ukuze uligcine uzodinga i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-100. Kokuqukethwe kweTarakatums, umthetho ukuthi usebenza kangcono nge-100%. Uma unganaki futhi ubeka izilwane ezifuywayo endaweni encane, khona-ke lokhu kuzoholela ekukhuleni kancane, ekucindezelekeni, ekuguleni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekufeni kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
- Ukuphefumula ngaphakathi, okudinga ukukhuphuka njalo ebusweni. AmaSulumane, engeza umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni, angakwazi ukuphuma e-aquarium futhi afe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nesembozo esivikela ezimweni ezinjalo ezingezinhle.
- Indawo yokuhlala ephansi. Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukuba ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zamanzi futhi zicashe ngesikhathi sasemini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubeka i-Driftwood ehlukahlukene, amabhodwe noma okhiye bokufakelwa nezindlu phansi kwe-aquarium. Kuzo amaTarakatums ayocasha futhi azizwe ekhululekile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthulula isihlabathi esimahala esixutshwe nobucwebe obuhle, okuyinto ezifuywayo ezithanda ukwephula.
Ngaphandle kokungathembeki okulinganiselwe kwe-catfish, kunezidingo ezithile zemvelo yasemanzini:
- lokushisa kububanzi + 22 ... + 26 ℃,
- i-pH ephezulu kakhulu ngu-5.8 ... 8,
- azikho izidingo zobulukhuni kanye ne-acidity, noma ngubani azokwenza,
- Ukuhlunga okuhle kuyadingeka, kutholakala ngokufaka imishini enamandla ngokwanele,
- ukushintshwa njalo kwama-30% amanzi ngamanzi asanda kuvikeleka (masonto onke).
Ngaphezu kwazo zonke lezi zimfuneko ezingenhla, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ngezikhala eziluhlaza e-aquarium. I-Catfish izocasha kubo futhi isebenzise okuncane kokudla, kanye ne-algae izohombisa ukubukeka okuphelele. Okuhambisana kahle: i-Anubias, i-Echinodorus, iWallisneria.
Ukuze ube ntofontofo, izinhlanzi ziba nokukhanya okwanele kwemini. Njengoba umsebenzi oyinhloko weTarakatums kwenzeka ngokuqala kokuhlwa, amadivaysi wokukhanya angeziwe awadingi ukufakwa.
Lapho ugcina i-aquarium, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi yisikole senhlanzi. Ezimweni zemvelo, ama-jambs angaba yinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuhlangana nowesilisa oyedwa kwabesifazane abaningi. Isibalo sabantu ngamunye sincike ngosayizi wendawo.
Ukuvumelana
Hambisana kahle nazo zonke izinhlanzi. Kepha kufanelekile ukuthi ubheke ukuthi, yize benokuthula okunjalo, abayeki ukudlela omakhelwane abancane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abaqukethwe yi-catfish bangama-4 cm noma ngaphezulu ubude. Ingafakwa kanye nama-guppies, ama-cichlid, ama-tetras, ama-puntius kanye ne-Goldfish. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ngosayizi kanye nezitshalo ezifuywayo ese sezikhulile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, zizodliwa ebusuku.
Ukondla
Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu kanye namandla adinga njalo. Kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ungadli ngokweqile i-catfish. Ama-Tarakatums awathobeki kakhulu ekudleni, azokujabulela ukudla izidumbu zegazi, i-coronet, i-shrimp egcotshwe kahle nenyama ye-earthworm, i-krill, i-artemia. Ezitolo zezilwane, ukudla okwenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe ngohlobo lwama-granules, amaphilisi kanye nama-flakes ezinhlanzi ezingezansi kumelelwa kakhulu. Isici esiyingqayizivele salokhu okuphakelayo ukuthi masinyane acwila aze abheke phansi. Ungakhohlwa ngengxenye yesitshalo ekudleni, ngaphandle kwalokho ezifuywayo zizodla ngentshiseko izitshalo zamanzi.
Ukubukeka
ISomik tarakatum inomzimba omude, ogobile kancane ezinhlangothini. Amaphini amathambo akhiwe ezinhlangothini. Isibaya sikhonjisiwe, emlonyeni kukhona amabhangqa ama-2 wezimpondo. Kulokhu, umbhangqwana owodwa utholakala ezansi kakhulu, okukuvumela ukuthi uzizwe uphansi. Umbala we-taracatum uhluka kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya kofrasi omnyama.
Ukuziphatha
I-Soma tarakatum, njengoba imibukiso yemikhuba, ingabusuku. Ntambama abakhombisi umsebenzi. Izinhlanzi ze-Aquarium zihlala zigcina zingaphansi kwawo, kuyaqabukela zikhuphukele phezulu kwamanzi. Ukudla kubheke ezansi emhlabathini. Zibonisa isimo sokungathathi hlangothi kwezinye izakhamizi zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi zize ziqale ukuhlasela insimu yama-catfish.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ukulindelwa kwesikhathi sempilo kuya ngokuya ngezimo zokuboshwa. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni zemvelo, izinhlanzi ziphila kusuka eminyakeni emi-4 kuye kweli-6. E-aquarium yasekhaya, isikhathi sokuphila sikhuphuka kaningana futhi sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10.
Uma kuhlelwa ukugcina i-tarakatum catfish, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Njengamanje lapho kuvela izinhlanzi ze-taracatum, ubukhona bezinye izinhlobo bezingasolwa ngisho. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka we-1997, ezinye izidalwa ezi-3 zatholakala, zihlukile ezicini ezithile.
Ukuzalela
Lapho zifinyelela ezinyangeni ezi-8 kuya kwezingu-15, ama-catfish esekulungele ukuqhuma. Bazakhela ngababili, ngakho-ke kufanele nje ubalungiselele i-aquarium ehlukile kubo ngezimo ezinhle zokuzala. Emanzini ajwayelekile, ungavusa futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi, kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma zonke izakhamizi zase-aquarium zikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa ukusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-24 degrees.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukwandisa isabelo semikhiqizo yezilwane ekudleni kwezinhlanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kube nokudla okuningi kakhulu kangangokuba i-catfish uqobo lwayo ikhubeke kuyo phakathi nokunyakaza. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa izitshalo ezintantayo e-aquarium ukuhlanza, ngaphansi kwazo owesilisa uzolungisa isidleke. Ungamsiza ngalokhu ngokubeka isosi elifakiwe ezansi.
Imidlalo yokuhlangana ingahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Bekezela, ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa ukhetha indawo enhle kakhulu yesidleke, uqiniseke ngokuphepha kwayo. Inqubo yokunwebeka kwemvelo yenzeka kanjena: insikazi iqoqa ubisi emlonyeni wayo, bese ikhuphukela emaqabungeni esitshalo bese iqala ukuqhakaza, izama ukuyifaka esiswini.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, gazinga iqanda kusuka emaqanda, okuthi, liwele phansi kwephansi lase-aquarium, ngokushesha liqale ukufuna ukudla. Yilapho isosi iza kahle khona, ngaphezu kwayo, udinga ukufafaza uthuli obukhoma, ishubhu eliqoshwe kahle, i-artemia noma i-daphnia. Izingane zingahanjiswa kwi-aquarium ejwayelekile lapho izingane ziqala ukubhukuda zizodwa.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani owesilisa nowesifazane
Ukwazi cishe ukuthi mangaki ama-jozi ongawakha amaqhude, kufanele ukwazi ukwahlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane:
- izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa,
- amaphiko ezinsikazi ayindilinga, emadodeni ayunxantathu,
- emadodeni, ngesikhathi sokuthomba, i-pectoral fin ray iba ophuzi-orenji, ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile ivezwa ngokushuba kwawo - lolu phawu luyabonakala kubantu abanezinyanga eziyisithupha,
- insikazi iyagcwala kancane ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa,
- owesilisa ushintsha umbala wesisu kusuka ekukhanyeni kuya ku-violet-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngesikhathi sokuthomba, umehluko phakathi kwe-catfish yabobulili obuhlukile iba ngaphezulu, futhi kuze kube yileso sikhathi lapho kufanelekile ukugxila emapini.
I-Hoplosternum magdalena
I-catfish yalolu hlobo yazithola ngegama ngenxa yendawo yayo yemvelo. Njengoba wazi, okokuqala ngqa kwatholakala inhlanzi eMfuleni iMagdalena, elitholakala endaweni yaseColombia. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izinhlanzi zaqala ukubonakala emanzini avulekile emifula yeCauca neMaracaibo. Ubukhulu bomzimba obukhulu bungama-16-16 cm. Umzimba umthunzi onsundu onsundu, amabala amnyama kungenzeka abe khona.
Idayema enamakhanda amade
Inhlanzi yedaymond yaqala ukutholwa eMelika eseMelika. Umbala womzimba uyefana nowezinye izinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, amabala amancane amnyama angaba khona. Ngokuvamile, umucu omnyama ubonwa emsila. Isici esiyingqayizivele ukuba khona kwamadevu amade, aklanyelwe ukuzizwa phansi.
Amapharamitha wamanzi
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlanzi zihlala kakhulu emanzini afudumele. Ngalesi sizathu, izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanelekile:
- izimo zokushisa ezisukela ku- +24 kuya ku- + 27 degrees,
- i-acidity - isuka ku-5.7 kuye ku-7.6,
- ukuqina - kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-25.
Amanzi wekhwalithi azovikela ukuvela kwezifo eziningi.