Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lama-arthropods, isicabucabu esigxekayo sivelela izici zayo ezihlukile. Lolu suku lomzingeli luyazi kahle inqubo yokugxuma futhi lunamehlo amahle kakhulu. Ukuba khona kobuhlakani, ikhono lokuhlukanisa imibala kanye nekhono lokukhulumisana usebenzisa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuhambisa isibonakaliso kwenza kube isimangaliso sangempela sendalo.

Eqa isicabucabu kungenye yezinhlobo ze-arthropod ezihlukile kakhulu.

Ukubukeka nendawo yokuhlala

Isicabucabu esijwayelekile kakhulu emvelweni sihlala kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomoya ophakeme, sihlala engxenyeni enkulu yezwe lethu. Izindawo zokuqala zilungiswa ukukhanya kwelanga. Uthanda izihlahlana, amagatsha ezihlahla, uvame ukuthola indawo ethokomele yokuhlala komuntu.

Kusakazeka ezindaweni ezifudumele

Lesi sidalwa esihle sine-cephalothorax ebanzi. Umzimba omncane u-furry futhi umbozwe ngamaphethiniokwenza ihehe kakhulu. Isisu se-oval sihlotshiswe ngemichilo emnyama nomhlophe. Unamehlo ayisishiyagalombili, lo mbhangqwana ongaphambili uvumela isicabucabu ukuba sibone inyamazane.

Amahhashi anombono we-binocular kanye nombono wokukhanya kwelanga. Leli khono ukuvela ezweni le-arthropod. Ihluka kwezinye izinhlobo ohlelweni lokuphefumula olunamadamu amaningi ahlanganisa i-trachea namaphaphu.

Inesistimu yokuphefumula eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ithuluzi lezitho zombono

I-jumper yeduna ikhula ibe ngamamilimitha ayi-6 ubude, insikazi inkulu. Lezi zicabucabu zinemilenze ekhule kahle. Ngokungafani nabesifazane, imilenze yangaphambili yabesilisa ihlotshiswe ngemivimbo. Unezinyawo ezincane kodwa eziqinile. Ngosizo lwabo, amahhashi angaxhumana nabafowabo, ebadlulisa amasiginali.

Le vidiyo izokhombisa izinhlobo eziyinqaba zezicabucabu emhlabeni:

Izici Zokuphindaphindeka

Isikhathi sokukhishwa kwezicabucabu sihambisana nomdanso wesilisa ongafani nxazonke nalowo okhethiwe. I-Movement iqukethe ngezikhathi ezithile eziphakamisa izandulelo, azishaye kancane emzimbeni.

Isikhathi sokumatanisa kwesicabucabu se-jumper siyaphawuleka ngokusethwa kwayo okujabulisayo nenqubo yokugunda

Ukuqashelwa kwalezi zidalwa ezihlekisayo kukhombise ukuthi umuntu ongena nge-jumper wesilisa uyakwazi ukwenza umcimbi onjalo ngaphambi kokuba aboniswe esibukweni. Kuyamangaza futhi ukuthi isoka liza kulowo okhethiwe onesipho - ikhambi elisongwe ngewebhu. Ngakho-ke, uyazivikela engozini yokudliwa ngowesifazane uma kwenzeka elamba.

Abesilisa abalilwi lowesifazane. I-duel ilinganiselwe ekubonisisaneni okubonisanayo kwama-pedipalps. Onqobayo nguyena onazo ezinkulu. Ngosizo lwabo, owesilisa ubeka ama-spermatophores esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.

Ngemuva kokuphothula inqubo yokuzalela, insikazi yakhela isidleke kusuka kuwebhu, lapho ibeka khona amaqanda. Uziqapha ngokwakha kuze kuzalwe amawundlu. Ngokushesha lapho lokhu kwenzeka, umama ushiya izingane. Izingane zilungele impilo ezimele futhi kusukela zizalwa zingazingela. Ngenqubo yokukhula, izicabucabu ezisencane zincibilikisa kaningana.

Ukuzingela Nokudla Komzimba

Ukuzingela isicabucabu kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini. Ukuhlala ubusuku nje, ikhetha indawo engenakuqhathaniswa, igqoke okuthile okufana nombhede kuwebhu, kuthi ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga iye ekuzingeleni inyamazane. Kusebenzisa izitho zombono eziyisishiyagalombili, isicabucabu, ngaphandle kokunyakaza, sibheka indawo esiseduze nomakhelwane sivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ebona isisulu, unquma ngokunembile ibanga ukusuka kuso. Njengoba ususondele, wenza ukutsiba kombani futhi kweqe inyamazane.

Isicabucabu sondla izinambuzane ezincane, siqaphela kakhulu ekukhetheni inyamazane

Nge-chelicerae, i-jumper ingenisa emzimbeni wobuthi obunambuzane obuthakathaka kanye nojusi wokugaya ukudla, unciphisa izingaphakathi lapho kudliwe khona amasheya. Ukudla kwe-jumper kubandakanya:

• izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpukane
• omiyane nomiyane,
• ingadi aphid
• izimbungulu ezincane.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ihhashi elishisayo lithanda ukondla kuphela omiyane besifazane, esiswini saso esinamagazi. Uziba abesilisa. Lokhu kubonisa izintandokazi zokudla ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthropod azithandi.

Izinhlobo zezinhlobo

Ngokuya ngobubanzi, ama-jumpers ahluka ngemibala, indlela yokuphila nezindlela zokuzingela. Lo mndeni ufake nezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Isicabucabu esibomvu sisekela ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezomile zase-USA. Ihluka kwezinye izinhlobo ngoba yakha izidleke zesilika ezinobisi emvinini noma ngaphansi kwamatshe, lapho ilindela inyamazane.
2. Izinhlobo zeHimalayan zinosayizi omncane kunazo zonke. Itholakala phezulu ezintabeni. Izingela izinambuzane, ezishaywa ngumoya zibe ngamatshe emadwaleni.
3. I-jumper eluhlaza itholakala e-Australia naseNew Guinea. Umbala ukhanya ngamaphethini amhlophe.
4. Ihhashi legolide lidlangile eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Unesisu esiphakeme nosayizi omkhulu wezinto zangaphambili. Umbala wegolide wanikeza isicabucabu ngegama.
5. Ihhashi eligibela izintuthwane lihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo ukusuka e-Afrika kuye ezwekazini lase-Australia. Umbala uhlukile - kusuka ophuzi kuya kumnyama. Ukufana kwangaphandle kwezintuthwane ezinolaka kuyenza ihlaselwe izitha.

Izinhlobo zalesi spider zihlukile endaweni ngayinye yesimo sezulu.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwenhlobo, wonke ama-jumpers aphila impilo eyedwa, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela. Esimweni sezulu esingesihle, bacasha ezindaweni ezivalekile, futhi lapho ilanga liphuma bayahamba beyozingela, ngoba ngaphambili babefudumeze ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga.

Amahhashi ayingxenye yeqembu eliyinhloko lama-arthropods alungele ukugcinwa ekhaya. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo sabo sokuthula nokungabikho kwengozi kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akahlanganisi iwebhu yokuzingela. Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni sisukela eminyakeni eyi-1.5 kuye kwengama-2.

Izimo zokuyigcina ekhaya ziyafana nezimo zomuntu okhuni

Ukuze ube ntofontofo, jumper izodinga i-terrarium encane. Ungasebenzisa imbiza yengilazi ngesivalo sepulasitiki, lapho udinga ukwenza izimbobo ezincane. Ucezu olumanzi lukotini kufanele lubekwe phansi kwesitsha ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama.

Isilwane esifuywayo sidinga ukuba nendawo ecashile yokuphumula, ngakho-ke udinga ukubeka amapheshana, amatshe amatshe kanye nomhlabathi omncane ekhaya lakhe. Abalandeli balezi zidalwa ezinhle bayaqiniseka ukuthi ihhashi liyakwazi ukukhumbula nokwazi umnikazi walo. Angahlala isikhathi eside abuke indoda.

Ukondla akunzima. Kubalulekile ukucabanga ngosayizi wesinambuzane esiya kokuphakelayo: akufanele kube kukhulu kunesicabucabu uqobo. Ihhashi alisizwa isidingo samanzi, njengoba lithola uketshezi olwanele kokuphakelayo. Kepha akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nokumanzisa ngezikhathi kwendlu yesicabucabu.

Eqa isicabucabu ilula kakhulu kokuqukethwe, uma ulandela yonke imithetho

Ihhashi liyisidalwa esincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele uliphathe ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi umzimba walo. Ukugwema ukuvela kwezintuthwane ku-terrarium, kufanele ihlanzwe kanye ngesonto.

Inani kwinqubo yemvelo

Izicabucabu ezishayayo ziyimiyalo yemvelo. Zidla ezinambuzaneni ezincane futhi ziyakwazi ukususa ingadi yezinambuzane eziningi, zinciphisa isidingo sokufafaza izitshalo.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zomjaho wamahhashi ziletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu ngokudla omiyane bomalaleveva kanye nezinye izinto ezithwele izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi. Lezi zidalwa ezincane azidaleki ukuphazamiseka, ngokuba seduze komuntu, ngakho-ke kufanele ucabangisise ngaphambi kokuziqothula.

Ukuchazwa kwesicabucabu

Izindawo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala zibonisa izicabucabu zamahhashi: amahlathi ashisayo, indawo eshisayo, indawo eyihlane, ugwadule noma intaba.

Izicabucabu ezishayayo zibukeka kanjena:

1. bane-fusion ebanzi yezingxenye ze-cephalic ne-thoracic, ezihlotshiswe ngephethini emhlophe.
2. Izingxenye zesisu ezisetshenzisiwe zimbozwe nge-villi, i-oval, embozwe ngemichilo emhlophe nomnyama, ehlangana nenye.
3. Amabhuzu ama-4 wamehlo amakhulu atholakala ekhanda. Banesibopho sombono ocacile wale arachnid. Ngenxa yabo, ama-jumpers abona kahle futhi ngaphandle kwamaphutha aveza indawo lapho oyisisulu ekhona. Bayakwazi nokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala.
4. Ubukhulu besicabucabu samahhashi buyehluka ngokobulili. Izinsikazi zihlala zikhulu - imizimba yazo ifinyelela ku-7-8 mm. Abesilisa bancane kuno-1 mm.
5. Ama-paws we-jumpers athuthukiswe kahle. Baphinde bahlukanise abesilisa nabesifazane. Emadodeni, izitho zangaphansi ezingaphandle ngemilenze, futhi kwabesifazane abekho. Isibhangqa sesibili sezimbambo (amatende) sincane, kepha sinamandla ngokwanele.

Amatende ngokuhlangana kanye namabhande angaphandle kwelemilenze kusiza ama-arthropods ukuba abe nokuzijabulisa. Izazi ze-Arachnologists sezivele zikwazile ukucacisa ngezimpawu ezingaba ngu-20 izicabucabu ezizisebenzisayo ukuxhumana.

Ukuziphatha

Isicabucabu esibalekile siholela endleleni yokuphila yansuku zonke. Uyakwazi ukwandisa imilenze yakhe phakathi kokushintsha kwengcindezi yegazi (uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwe-hydraulic).

Unalokhu engqondweni, akukho kungabaza ukuthi izicabucabu zigxumela yini amahhashi. Bayakwazi ukwenza lokhu ebangeni elide, elidlula kakhulu usayizi womzimba wabo.

Ngenkathi ugxuma, isicabucabu sezokuphepha sinamathela ngentambo ye-silika eqondeni lehange. Namanje amahhashi agcina imizimba yawo isendaweni ebonakalayo ecwebezelayo (ingilazi). Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezinwele nezinwele ezincane ezitholakala emilenzeni.

Ibaleka, izicabucabu zamahhashi zivame ukuguquka, zilinganise ibanga kulowo omxoshayo. Ngokuvamile kulula ukufihla isitha, njengoba izimbambo zazo zikhule kahle.

Ngenxa yezingalo zayo ezinamandla, i-arachnid ayigcini nje ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa futhi futhi yenza ukweqa okude.

Isicabucabu samahhashi sitholakala ezindaweni ezinje:

• amahlathi amheha ngezihlahla, noma yini angayenza ukuba yakhe,
• izintaba noma amawa amakhulu kuyathandeka kuye - kukhona imifantu indawo yakhe yokuhlala,
• amasimu amheha ngotshani obude noma ngamagatsha amahlahla,
• Ukuhlala komuntu nakho kungaba yikhaya lakhe, ngoba kuhlala kuyindawo ethokomele, enelanga.

Izicabucabu zamahhashi zinesizungu. Zisebenza kakhulu phakathi nosuku, futhi ebusuku zifuna indawo ecashile. Ukuhlala ubusuku obubodwa, ihhashi kusuka kuwebhu ligqoka imbeleko, lingene kulo bese liphumula lapho kuze kuse. Ngokuqala kwemisebe yelanga lokuqala, ihhashi liyavuka.

Uma izimo zezulu zingahambelani naye, khona-ke isicabucabu singanquma ukungasishiyi indawo yaso izinsuku eziningana.

Ngemuva kokulinda isimo sezulu esingesihle futhi sibone ukuguquguquka okubonakalayo kwezimo zezulu, ihhashi lishiya indawo yalo, lifudumale ngaphansi kwelanga isikhashana, bese liyozingela.

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-jumpers zilingisa izintuthwane. Ukulingisa (ukufana) kuvezwa hhayi ngokulingisa ukwakheka komzimba, kepha baphinda futhi nokunyakaza kwabo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahhashi abaleka iminyovu yomgwaqo ebazingela ngentshiseko.

Ukuzingela nokudla

Isicabucabu esenziwe nge-spider sisebenzisa intambo yaso kasilika ekuhleleni i-lullaby nasekuvikeleni amaqanda abekiwe. Kepha akazibambi izisulu zakhe ngosizo lwewebhu, kodwa ugijime azilandele.

Isisulu sihlala isikhathi eside, sihlola insimu. Iqaphela ukuguquguquka okuncane, isicabucabu siphenduka kancane ikhanda laso kuleyo ndlela.

Izimbambo zalo eziyinhloko zezimpawu zokubuka zigxile emthonjeni womsindo ukuze kutholakale ibanga elikulo. Lapho-ke ihhashi lisondela kancane kancane enyamweni.

Ukhulula ngemuva noma ohlangothini lwesisulu, ngemuva kwalokho igxuma elinamandla. Ubamba inyamazane ngababili bangaphambi kwezimbambo bese egebha ikhava ye-chitin ngemihlathi yakhe. Lapho-ke i-steed injides ubuthi kanye nejusi yokugaya kuisisulu sayo.

Isabelo sokudla samahhashi sihlanganisa:

• Izinambuzane zeDiptera
• amabhungane aphakathi nendawo,
• omiyane abancela igazi,
• izintuthwane.

Igama "amahhashi" la ama-arachnid athola ngenxa yendlela yawo yokuthola ukudla. Uma isixha singaphumelelanga ukubala ngokunembile ibanga lesisisulu, khona-ke umane uhlala kulenga kuwebhu yesigcawu, esinamandla kunensimbi yobubanzi obufanayo.

Ukuzala

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamahhashi siqala ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baheha izintokazi ngokudansa. Lo mkhuba wokugomela usho okulandelayo: owesilisa uphakamisa umzimba, bese kuthi ngezikhathi ezithile, awuhlabe ngezihlakala zangaphambili.

Uma abesilisa abaningana bebuthana eduze kowesifazane ngasikhathi sinye, abalwi empini. Baqhathanisa amatende abo nomunye.

Onqobayo nguyena omkhulu kunabo bonke. Usaqhubeka nokwenza umdanso womshado, ebhala imibuthano eyinkimbinkimbi ezungeze umlingani wakho wesikhathi esizayo.

Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa bathola insikazi engakafiki isikhathi sokuthomba. Ngisho nangaphambi kwe-molt yokugcina, usaboshwe ngezintambo zewebhu. Kulokhu, ihhashi lesicabucabu alimshiyi, kodwa lilinda ngesineke kuze kube yilapho livuthwa ngokobulili, bese liqala umdanso walo.

Izenzo ezinjalo ziheha owesimame, futhi uvumela owesilisa ukuthi azitholele yena. Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuzalela, owesilisa ufaka inetha elincane futhi ashiye amaconsi ambalwa embewu kuwo.

Ngemuva kwalokho ubhabhisa amatende lapho futhi uwagcwalisa ngesidoda. Manje usekulungele ngokuphelele ukudlulisela amaseli wesilisa wesilisa emzimbeni womlingani.

Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi ifihla endaweni yokukhosela bese iqala ukhula isidleke. Indawo eseceleni yakhe angasebenza kuyo: udoti onamahlamvu, imifantu ekhonkolweni zezihlahla, amatshe noma indawo engaphansi. Lapho, esebenzisa imicu yakhe kasilika, uluka imbeleko wenzalo yesikhathi esizayo.

Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ayishiyi esidlekeni, kodwa ilindela ukuba izingane zizalwe. Iyasuswa ngemuva kokuba kukhethwe izicabucabu ku-cocoon kasilika.

Ukukhula okusha akulindeli ukuthi abantu abadala bazoyondla bese ngokushesha beqala ukuzingela. Ngaphambi kokukhula, badlula izixhumanisi eziningana. Futhi njengoba sebevuthiwe ngokocansi, baphinda umjikelezo wohlobo lokuzala kwezinhlobo zabo.

Ivelu ku-ecosystem

Izicabucabu zamahhashi zingezokulandelana kwezakhiwo zasengadini. Ziletha usizo kubalimi, ngoba zibulala izinambuzane, zivikela izihlahla zezithelo, izihlahla ezinamajikijolo noma imibhede ekuhlaselweni kwamabhungane adla ngokhuni, amabhungane endlovu, kanye neklabishi elikhulu.

Abanye abalimi ngokukhethekile batshala izicabucabu zamahhashi ezindlini zabo zasehlobo. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo semithi yokubulala izinambuzane noma amanye amakhemikhali ayingozi.

Le arthropod ihlukaniswa ngamakhono aphezulu obuhlakani, ngakho-ke abanye bayibheka njengesilwane esifuywayo. Ekuthunjweni, umgadli usinda aze afike eminyakeni emi-3.

Kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, kubhubhisa ama-aphid eziqwini zezimbali. Azihambeli ngokuzungeza indawo yokuhlala, kodwa ziphila ngethala lezimbali ezikhethwe ngumnikazi.

Ukuluma kuyingozi empilweni yabantu

Amahhashi angama-arthropods anobuthi, kepha kubantu awabi yingozi. Ukuqoqwa kobuthi babo akubalulekanga ukuze kulimaze abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isicabucabu esigxumayo cishe asikwazi ukuluma esikhunjeni somuntu.

I-steed isho abamele abasebenzisayo nabangenabungozi be-arthropods. Njengoba isicabucabu esinjalo siyisisulu sokuzingela inyamazane, ukuzingela izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, kubalimi kuba umhlanganyeli wangempela.

Uma abantu bebona i-spider enjalo kwi-infield yabo, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuyonakalisa, kufanele bacabange ngezinzuzo ezisilethayo.

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