Ngabe ufuna umhlali ongajwayelekile ku-aquarium yakho? Ngemuva kwalokho i-polytherus, okudingayo nje. Lesi isidalwa esiyingqayizivele: akuyona inhlanzi, futhi, mhlawumbe, kubukeka njengodrako omncane. Ukubonakala kwaso, nangamaphiko awo ahlukene, kufana namadayinaso asendulo.
Incazelo yezinhlanzi polyperus
I-Polypterus ngumuntu womndeni ofanayo, obukeka njengenyoka, uhlala emizimbeni yamanzi entsha, amachibi nemifula yezwekazi laseNdiya nelase-Afrika. Bancamela izindawo eziphansi, umhubhe obukhulu obukhulu kanye nomthunzi oyingxenye.
Izinsalela ezatholakala e-Afrika ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha ezigidi zeminyaka edlule zibonisa ukuthi i-polytherus ingumhlali wasendulo weplanethi. Lokhu kufakazelwa ukwakheka kwesisekelo samathambo, inhloko ebanzi enamakhala amakhulu nomzimba ophakeme (kufika ku-90 cm).
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi udrako yezinhlanzi we-polytherus - Lesi isidalwa esiphila phambili esiphile kuze kube sezikhathini zethu (kuphela okuncane). Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwayo, efana nephaphu, lezi zidalwa zingaphila isikhathi eside endaweni esemanzini engenampilo komoya-mpilo. Ingaphezulu lomzimba limbozwe izikali ngendlela yama-rhombuse, kukhona uhlamvu lwemali emhlane, oluqhamuka enkabeni yomhlane futhi luphela esifundeni somsila.
Kuwo wonke ama-vertebrae ayi-15-20, kufakwa inhlawulo eyodwa. Kungashona phansi futhi kuvuke ngesicelo sikadrako. Kunamathambo amabili emihlanjeni ye-pectoral, ephambuka kancane, exhunywe yi-cartilage.
Izidingo zokunakekelwa nokulondolozwa kwezinhlanzi ezinjenge-polytherus
I-AT okuqukethwe kwe-polytherus nakancane hhayi okwenziwe ngokweqile. Uzodinga i-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wamalitha angama-200. Ingxenye ephezulu yesitsha kumele imbozwe ngengilazi noma ngesembozo ngezimbobo; ukufinyelela umoya kubalulekile. Ingaphakathi le-aquarium linama-grottoes, iminenke, izihlukanisi, amatshe. Kwezitshalo, i-echinodorus noma i-nymphaea iyathandwa.
Umbuso wokushisa ugcinwa ngaphakathi + 24 ... 30 ° C, acidity pH 6-8, hardness dH 3-18. Amanzi ahluzwa nsuku zonke, kanye ngesonto - ushintsho oluphelele lwamanzi lube lutsha. Phansi kwetangi ungashiya izindawo ezifuywayo ukuze inhlanzi ye-polytherus Ngakwazi ukuphumula ngokuzola. Kwesinye isikhathi ikhuphukela phezulu ukuze inhale.
Inhlanzi yokudla ye-polytherus
I-Aquarium Polyperus - Ngakho-ke, kumphangi, enkampanini enabakhileyo abancono kungcono ukungakuxazululi. Ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko kungukudla kwamaprotheni okubandakanya i-Earthworms, shrimp, squid, iplankton encane nenyama yenkomo.
Ukudla kwezitshalo kwakha ama-5% kuphela wokudla okuphelele. Ngoba i-aquarium ayikwazi ukutshala nge-algae, izoba ukudla okwanele emigodini nasezihlahleni. I-polyterus yabantu abadala idliswa kanye noma kabili ngesonto.
At inhlanzi ye-polytherus ukungaboni kahle, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uyakwazi ukubona umnikazi ngesimo. Ngokungezelela kwama-substrates nokudla okuqandwe, kuy efiseleka ukunika abamele abancane abaphila: gazinga, imikhonyane yegazi, izibungu, i-zoobus nokunye okunjalo.
Izinhlobo zePolypterus
Noma i-polytherus ku-aquarium ngokushesha kumila izimpande, akasheshi ukwanda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, dala izimo ezikhethekile. Ama-Aquarists akhomba izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ze-polypterus.
— I-PolytherusI-Senegalese - ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezihlobo zakhe. Inomlingiswa onobungane, ikhulise umsebenzi futhi inelukuluku kakhulu. Ngokushesha wenza ukuxhumana nezinye izakhamuzi ze-aquarium, ifinyelela osayizi abangama-30- 40 cm.Imibala yomzimba ngethoni eyodwa, imvamisa isiliva elinombala ompunga, okhanyayo.
— I-Polytherusendlicher - Isampula enkulu, efinyelela usayizi wama-70-75 cm.Iholela ekuhambeni kwendlela yobusuku, ihamba kancane, idinga isitsha esihlukile sokulungiswa.
Esithombeni kukhona i-polytherus endlher
Umzimba omude unombala ku-chocolate, kwezinye izindawo kunezindawo ezimnyama. Isici esiyinhloko ama-pectoral fins amakhulu afana ne-scapulae. Ukudla okubukhoma kubaluleke kakhulu kulo mbono.
— I-Polytherusdelgesi - edume kakhulu futhi egqamile kunazo zonke ezinye izilo zonke. Amasayizi asukela ku-30 ukuya ku-30 cm, ingxenye engenhla yomzimba inombala we-olive, isisu simbozwe ngaphuzi.
Esithombeni polyperus delgesi
Imivimbo emide yesithunzi esimnyama iwela emzimbeni wonke. Ikhanda lincane, emakhaleni makhulu, amashubhu, futhi amehlo mancane. Amaphinifa we-pectoral ngesikhathi sokunyakaza afana nokushanela kwe-fan, kufakwa umsila we-fa.
— I-Polytherusama-ornatypins - udrako omncane omuhle futhi ogqamile, onombala ongajwayelekile, ukhula aze afike ku-40 cm. Ubizwa ngokuthi "udrako wamabula", uhlukaniswa ngobukhali obukhethekile nobudlova ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Okubonakalisiwe yi-polytherus ornatipin
Cishe njalo icasha, ungayibona, inentshisekelo kuphela ekudleni. Isizinda somzimba esiyinhloko: grey ngenhlanganisela ensundu, isisu siphuzi. Ikhanda elibukeka njengomqhele limboza ikhanda. Amaphethini ahlakazeka ngokulinganayo emzimbeni wonke.
— I-PolytherusSenegalese albino - okubhalwe phansi ngommeleli weSenegal. Inomzimba ophakeme, ifinyelela kuma-35-40 cm.Ngenxa yokuthi ngokwemvelo udrako uchitha iningi lempilo yakhe ezansi kwechibi nasethunzini, umzimba wakhe uthola i-hue emhlophe ebunjiwe.
Isithombe sePolyperus Senegalese Albino
Inhlanganisela yezinhlanzi zePolytherus nezinye izinhlanzi
I-Polypertus iyisidalwa semvelo, imvelo yokulondolozwa kwensimu nayo ithuthukiswe kahle. Ngezinhlanzi ezincane kungcono ukungazixazululi. Umakhelwane nezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ama-cichlid, u-Akara, i-astronotus, i-barbus ibekezelela kahle.
Linganisa ukuvumelana kwe-polypterus nabanye abahlali bezindawo zokugcina ezikalini kungaba ku "isilinganiso". Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokugcinwa kahle, udrako usekulungele ukuhlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.
Ukuzala kanye nezici zobulili zezinhlanzi ezinjengezinhlanzi
Ukwenza i-polypterus iqhume, kufanele kudalwe izimo ezikhethekile. Umbuso wokushisa ukhuphuka ngamadigri amaningana, amanzi athambile futhi acwecwe. Ukuzala kabusha kuhla esikhathini kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba.
Lo mbhangqwana odaliwe uchitha izinsuku eziningana ndawonye, uthintane, ulume amaphisi. Inqubo ethokozisayo yokuphonsa amaqanda kowesifazane. Ezinkomeni, owesilisa udala isitsha esinjengesitsha, insikazi ibekela amaqanda kuso. Owesilisa ngokulinganayo uwahlukanise phezu kwe-algae noma i-moss.
Ukuze abazali bangayigwinyi inzalo, bayaboshwa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva kuvela i-fry, banamathela emhlambini, banolaka oluncane. Izakhi zemvelo zikhiqizwa ngemuva kwesonto.
Kunzima ukwahlukanisa insikazi nowesilisa. Uma utadisha ngokucophelela isithombe se-polypterus, ke owesilisa une-posterior fin in form of scapula, kanti lowesifazane unephoyinti elikhonjiwe. Futhi, kubantu besifazane ikhanda libanzi kancane kunabesilisa.
Ama-polypertuses akavamile ukugula, ukuvela kwesifo kungenxa yombuso ongafundile wokuvalelwa. Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi iholela ekukhuluphisweni. Ukuphazanyiswa kwamanzi kuphakamisa ubuthi be-ammonia. Lapho-ke izifo ezingamagciwane zingajoyina.
Okuvame kakhulu isifo se-polypterus - Lokhu ukutheleleka nge-monogenes. Kuwo wonke umzimba, ikakhulukazi ebusweni bekhanda, ungabona izikelemu ezincane. Udrako omncane uvame ukuphuma, adle kabi, abulale. Baphathwa nge-bethuirin. Thenga i-polypterus Ungakwazi ezitolo zezilwane noma ezimakethe ezikhethekile.
Ukuphila endalweni
Ezikhathini zokuqala, ama-polypterus ahlala emithini yase-Afrika. Namuhla zingatholakala kumachibi odaka odaka noswazi lwase-Afrika naseNdiya. Inhlanzi inephunga elihle kakhulu nombono ophansi, ngakho-ke amachibi angenasawoti, acebile ngokudla, afanelekile kuwo. Bacasha emathangeni otshani eduze naphansi. Enye yezinto ukwakheka kohlelo lokuphefumula: isinye sebhadi lokubhukuda lihlukaniswe kabili futhi libandakanyeka ekuphefumuleni.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izinhlobo eziningana ze-polypterus ziye zasinda ngendlela yazo yasekuqaleni.
- IKalamoikht Kalabar - kulo mmeleli, umzimba ufana kakhulu nenyoka: yinde futhi incane, inesipinashi somgogodla kanye namaphinthi amancane amancane amancane. Ukwakheka kwesihlungo kufana nenyoka, nomlomo ushibilikile ngendlela yokumamatheka. IKalamoicht ipendiwe ngamathoni omnqumo ompunga ngephethini ewohlozayo. I-aquarium iyasebenza impela, kaningi - kusihlwa nasebusuku. Idla kuphela ngokudla okubukhoma. Ku-aquarium, ikhula ibe ngu-40 cm, kepha ingahlala e-aquarium kusuka kumalitha langu-100,
- i-polytherus ornatipinis (iConglese polytherus, udrako wemabula) - ikhula ize ibe ngu-40 cm futhi ibonakala ngokuziphatha okunolaka. Gcina indoda enhle kangako kungenzeka kuphela e-aquarium enkulu kakhulu - kusuka kumalitha angama-400. Ngaphandle, kuyinhlanzi enjengeyenyoka enephethini elimhlophe eliyinqayizivele ngemuva kwesizinda esimnyama onsundu nesisu esimhlophe. Ukulungiselela ukucasha
- I-Endlicher polytherus (bishir) - ikhula ibe ngosayizi ohlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukwedlula ama-ornatipin - ifinyelela kuma-75 cm. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sevolumu ye-aquarium isuka ku-1 ton. Inhlanzi ihamba kancane, ichitha isikhathi esiningi isendaweni yokukhosela, idla kuphela ukudla okuphilayo. Umzimba upendiwe ngombala onsomi ngemivimbo emnyama edlulayo,
- I-Delgesi polytherus - ikhula ibe ngu-35 cm, inombala ogqamile: ngemuva komnqumo kunezindawo eziningi ezimnyama zesimo esingajwayelekile, ezinkulu emzimbeni futhi zincinci ekhanda. Isisu sikhanya, sicacile. I-aquarium evela kumalitha angama-250 ilungele ukugcinwa, kepha ingcono uma ingaphezu kwamalitha angama-350. Idla kuphela ngokudla okubukhoma, umakhelwane omuhle wabahlaseli,
- I-Wixia polytherus ingummeleli omkhulu kunayo yonke. Ikhula ibe ngu-90 cm, inomzimba onamandla nomoya opholile. Ukugcina umdondoshiya ekudingisweni kungenzeka kuphela ku-aquarium. Idla kuphela ukudla okubukhoma. Umzimba wempunga ngemivimbo emnyama,
- I-Senegalese polytherus - yazo zonke izinhlobo zezimpaphe eziningi, ezivame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ubude bomzimba buya ngezimo zokuphila. Ingakhula ibe ngu-40 cm e-aquarium enkulu. Umzimba grey noma onsundu brown, iphethini elincane nesisu esivele sivele. Umthamo wethangi wokulungiswa okunethezekile - kusuka kumalitha angama-180, mhlawumbe ngaphezulu. Ukubukeka okungenalo ulaka, ukusebenza okusebenzayo nobungane.
Izeluleko ezimbalwa ngokulungiswa nokunakekelwa kuzokusiza ugweme izimo ezibucayi. Ipharamitha esemqoka iyisembozo esiqinile ku-aquarium! Ngaphandle kwayo, i-polytherus ngokushesha "iphunyuka". Ngenxa yekhono lokuphefumula umoya womkhathi okwesikhathi esithile, ingaklebhela phansi phansi endaweni evikelekile. Lapho umniniyo ebamba isilwane, kuzoba sekwephuze kakhulu.
- umthamo we-aquarium ungaphansi kwamalitha ayi-180 we-polypterus namalitha ayi-100 ngenhlekelele. Okukhulu, okungcono. Ukubhekelwa ikakhulukazi endaweni engezansi: kufanele kwanele ukuhamba nokukhosela kwezinhlanzi,
- izinga lokushisa lamanzi 24-28 ° C,
- ubunzima 2-19 °,
- acidity 6-7 pH,
- phakathi kwesembozo nangaphezulu kwamanzi kufanele kube negebe lomoya okungenani i-5 cm. Uma liqukethe izinhlekelele, amakhosi aphunyukayo owaziwayo, isembozo kufanele silingane ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka e-aquarium,
- inhlabathi - mhlawumbe isihlabathi esithambile. Ngakho-ke izimo zokuboshwa ziseduze nemvelo. Uma ngesizathu esithile lokhu kungenzeki, khetha amatshe amancane abushelelezi. Inhlabathi akufanele ibe bukhali ukuze inhlanzi ingalimali ngenkathi ifunda phansi,
- Ukuhlanza iSiphon kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezinye izindawo zokuhlala zasemanzini, imvamisa izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga. Izinguquko ezivame zamanani amancane amanzi ziyadingeka: kuze kufike ku-10% wevolumu kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu, noma ama-25% kanye ngesonto. Ama-polypteruse azwela ubumsulwa bamanzi,
- Ukuhlunga kuhlelwe ngesihlungi sangaphandle, ngoba umthamo we-aquarium mkhulu,
- Ama-polyperturas awanandaba nezitshalo ze-aquarium eziphilayo, kodwa kungcono ukuzitshala ukuze lapho zihambisa izinhlanzi ezinqabile zihlangane nazo kancane,
- Azikho izidingo zokukhanyisa uma kunezindawo zokukhosela ezanele e-aquarium. Kufanele kube nezindawo ezinombala othulisiwe,
- umhlobiso kufanele ube namatshe amakhulu abushelelezi, izinkuni, i-driftwood, asongwe ngendlela emigedeni nasezkhoselweni. Amapayipi we-Ceramic, izimbiza ezinde zilungele ukuhlela i-aquarium.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana
Ngokuyisisekelo, izimpaphe eziningi ezigcinwa ekhaya azinalo ulaka futhi zihlangana nezinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu. Kukhona okuhlangenwe nakho kokuxazulula e-aquarium ene-Goldfish, ama-scalars amakhulu. Isimo esibalulekile - izinhlanzi akufanele ziphazamisane. I-polyperus ayifanele njengomakhelwane we-discus, ngoba izothukuthelisa uhlelo lwezinzwa olubuthakathaka lwalezinhlanzi. Encane kakhulu - ama-barbs, ama-neon, ama-guppies - azodliwa isikhashana. Noma kunjalo, udrako prehistoric ungumzingeli ngokuphelele, uthanda futhi uyazi indlela yokuzingela. Umbono ophansi akamkhathazi kulokhu. Imvamisa ama-aquarists ahlanganisa i-polypterus nama-revas, ama-astronotus, upholi kanye namanye ama-cichlids amakhulu.
Ku-aquarium yasekhaya, i-polytherus ihola impilo esebenzayo: ibhukuda phakathi kwezindawo zokukhosela, ifundela phansi, ikwazi ukuphuma, iyolala eskhungweni se-aquarium ne-bask lapho emisebeni yesibani. Ikakhulu lokhu kudume nge-kalamoahti. Uma inhlanzi yenza lokhu, kusho ukuthi ikhululekile ezimeni ezidaliwe, futhi izophila impilo ende ende ejabulisayo. Ama-polypterus angangena emakhoneni angenakufinyeleleka womhlobiso, akuvamile ukuthi abambeke, kepha kungcono ukulandela lokhu, ikakhulukazi isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuhlelwa kabusha.
Ukuhlukumezeka kwe-Intraspecific kwenzeka ngokuntuleka kwesikhala. Inhlanzi ingaqala ukuhlukanisa insimu futhi ihlasele isitha esazama ukwephula imingcele. Kepha imvamisa le micu ayinangozi. Kumane nje ukuthi i-polypterus inomlingiswa, ukubukwa okuthile ngempilo nokuqala kobuhlakani, okwenza kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini ezinolwazi.
Isifo
I-Adult polytherus cishe ayithinteki ezifweni zokukhunta nezikhunta, ivikelwe yizikali ezinde. Izifo zithinta ikakhulukazi abantu abasha abavela eNdiya nase-Afrika: zingangena kwe-aquarium futhi ithelele abanye abahlali. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, i-prophylaxis kufanele yenziwe: i-polypterus ethengiwe kufanele ibekwe endaweni eyi-quariine aquarium futhi ukusebenza kwayo kufanele kubhekelwe amasonto e-1-2. Ukuba khona kwezifo zesikhumba kuzokhonjiswa ukukhathazeka, ukuswayipha komzimba kanye nesifiso sokuklwebheka kunoma iyiphi indawo. Kulokhu, i-formalin encane yengeziwe emanzini, okuqeda ukutheleleka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Izinkinga zingavela ngokushintshwa ngokweqile noma ngoshintsho olunqabile lwamanzi: izinhlanzi ziba ezibulalayo, izikali ziphulukana nobushelelezi bazo. Ukuvimbela kulula: ukulandela irejimeni yokondla nokunakekela i-aquarium.
Mangaki ama-polypterus ahlala e-aquarium: ngenxa yokukhuthazela ezimweni ezinhle - iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.
Isiphetho
Ukuchazwa kwe-polypterus kungangethusa futhi kuhlukanise abafikayo: udrako, inhlanzi enjengeyenyoka, idayinaso. Eqinisweni, lesi yisakhamuzi esinobuhlakani esingakhethi we-aquarium, esingadingi izimo zokunakekelwa ezikhethekile, ngaphandle kwesembozo esihle nokudla okubukhoma. Uzoba ngumngane omuhle nesizinda sokunakwa kubavakashi ekhaya.