Ama-Styracosaurs yiqembu elibanzi lama-dinosaurs ezinophondo lwe-herbivorous. Lama-dinosaurs abephila ngasekupheleni kweCretaceous, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-77-70 eyedlule, eNyakatho Melika.
Uphondo olukhulu kunawo onke lweStracacosaurus lwalusemaphethelweni, olungamamitha ayi-1.5 ubude. Kube "collar" ngemuva ekhanda, nokuntula eside spikes eziyisithupha uphondo emise.
I-Styracosaurus (Styracosaurus).
Le "khola" yabaphikisi yayithwala ingozi yokufa, ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhanda lalilikhulu: amamitha ama-2 ubude nangu-1.5 mitha ububanzi.
Izinsalela ze-styracosaurus zatholakala ngonyaka we-1913 endaweni yeCanada yanamuhla. Kwatholakala ukuthi ama-stykosaurs ayengama-dinosaurs angama-herbivorous. Kodwa kungani badinga lezi zimpondo ezimbi? Zasetshenziselwa ukuvikela ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Imvamisa empini nama-dinosaurs ezidla izambane likapondo, kwakuyiwo ngqo ama-Styracosaurs awina.
Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiLatini, elithi "styracosaurus" lisho - ibhungane elinomkhonto.
Ngosizo lophondo olukhulu lwamakhala, leli lizard herbivore lingasinqamula kalula isisu somzingeli onamandla futhi omkhulu kunayo yonke. Zaziziningi izilwane wayekwazi lokhu, ngisho elambile wazama yini ukuthola eduze styracosaurs.
Kepha akubona bonke abampisi bezimpondo, izimpondo zazinamandla amakhulu, zazingewona ngisho nezimpondo, kepha ukuphuma kwamathambo okwakungadala ukulimala okungathi sína. Ama-Dinosaurs anezimpondo ezonakalayo aphelelwe umsebenzi wawo wokuvikela afaka i-Centrosaurus, eyatholakala eCanada. Lesi sikhonkwane sasincane kakhulu - singamamitha ayi-1,6 kuphela, ngaphezu kwesiqeshana samehlo kwakukhona izimpondo ezimbili ezimfishane, ku-coripital collar kwakukhona izimpondo ezimbili ezincanyana, futhi uphondo olunye olugobile lwalusekhaleni.
Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okumangalisayo, i-styracosaurus kwakuyisidina se-herbivorous. Futhi spikes nophondo cishe ubavikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane.
Onke ama-dinosaurs anezimpondo ayefana ngesimo somzimba komunye nomunye, futhi umehluko wawusesibalweni sezimpondo kuphela, isikhundla nobukhulu bawo.
Ososayensi bathole izinsalela zezinhlobo ezimbili zama-stykosaurs kuze kube manje. Amathambo abo atholakala endaweni eyodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, ayengawobudala obufanayo be-geology - inkathi ye-Upper Cretaceous.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
10. I-Pteranodon
I hero eziningi esesabekayo amafilimu, le pteranodon ezithusayo futhi ezidla, ekuphileni kwangempela (njengamabhere pterodactyls futhi ramphorines) badla ikakhulukazi inhlanzi, benaka kancane kubantu. Kuyiqiniso, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kwakungekho bantu ngaleso sikhathi. Ukube ubephila esikhathini sethu, ngabe yingozi enkulu, ngoba ngesiphundu esingamamitha ayi-15 nomqhomo osindayo angambulala ngengozi, ngokuthimula okukodwa, lapho bezama ukuthatha isiphuzo esimnandi kumuntu.
9. I-Allosaurus
Kubukeka sengathi kuyitrannosaurus futhi kuvame ukuyibuyisela kumafilimu amaningi lapho i-tyrannosaurus ingatholakali noma igula (ngokwesibonelo, kwifilimu ethi "And Thunder hit"). Kukholakala ukuthi usufinyelele amamitha 8 nengxenye ubude namamitha 3 nengxenye ukuphakama. Ososayensi bayaxoxisana ngokuthi ngabe i-allosaurus kwakuyisilwane esihlangene noma besihlala ngokwehlukana, ngaphandle kwephakethe. Kunokuphikisana okubili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathambo ama-allosaurs atholakala ngokushesha inqwaba evela kubantu abaningi. Kokunye - isidalwa sasinolaka kakhulu ngokuhlala ndawonye emphakathini omkhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukuze kudliwe umuntu, i-allosaurus eyodwa, ngisho ne-loserver yakamuva kakhulu, kwanele.
8. Mayyungazavr
Yaziwa kwisayensi isikhathi eside, kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Sinesisindo sethoni nengxenye ubude obuyimitha eyisishiyagalolunye. Wadla amanye ama-dinosaurs amancane. Kwakukhona okuthile okufana nophondo ekhanda, ukuze abakwaMayungasaurus basebenze hhayi ngamazinyo kuphela, kodwa nangekhanda. Kukholakala ukuthi akabonanga kahle, kodwa ayenazo ngephunga emba eqolo. Ngakho-ke esikhathini sethu kungenzeka kusetshenziselwe ukusesha izidakamizwa nokudla amakhosi ezidakamizwa.
7. USarcosuchus
Akukacaci ukuthi kungani lesi sidalwa sabizwa ngokuthi yi-sarcosuchus. Ngokushesha babebiza "ingwenya enkulu", futhi kucace ngokushesha ukuthi bekhuluma ngobani. Isikhova i-great-omkhulu-omkhulu-ukhokho ingwenya Gena bakhula 12 metres uphinde uthele kancane yondliwa izimpahla ezingamathani angu-6. Iphindwe kabili kunanoma iyiphi ingwenya yesimanje, uma i-sarcosuchus inqamula umgwaqo - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esibi kakhulu.
6. I-Carcharodontosaurus
Isidleke esingamathani amane singamamitha ayi-12 ubude. Ososayensi abasemaceleni bathi eNigeria izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-carhadontosaurs nazo zingaphila - amamitha ayi-14 ubude namathani ayi-9 ngesisindo. Yena waba ngumzingeli oyedwa, futhi cishe wakwenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokunokwenzeka, wamane washona ebhekene nesithukuthezi lapho ebona ukuthi usekutholile konke lokhu empilweni.
5. I-Tyrannosaurus
Inkanyezi yangempela yebhizinisi lombukiso, i-T-Rex yakudala, empeleni, ibingakaze ibhekwe njengento enkulu kakhulu eyakha umhlaba ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Namanje kusenziwa amafilimu ngaye, kubhalwa izincwadi futhi izindaba ziyatshelwa, ngoba bekungumashiqela ezinhlelweni ezindala zesikole ezazidwetshwa njengophawu olukhulu lobubi. Nokho-paleontology akusho mani!
Kodwa-ke, i-t-rex, ekubonayo, ibingasukumi futhi - imilenze yangemuva yangemuva yayithwala isisindo samathani amabili ngesivinini esikhulu, nemihlathi ingakuluma ngevolthi ye-bulletproof yama-dinosaurs amaningi e-herbivore. Yini engingayisho ngawe? Awungezwa ngisho nendlela yakhe yokuxhumana kumahedfoni.
4. Utahraptor
-Imitha Seven ezihambayo umhlambi umhlaseli. Umgogodla wobuchopho obuku-cranium ngevolumu yayo eduze kwezinyoni kunakwamanye ama-squir ezidla inyama. Ngakho-ke isiphetho esinengqondo se-paleontologists sokuthi i-utaraptor ingadangalisa futhi isheshe ukwedlula idayinaso ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke noma kunjalo, i-utahraptor yayingeyona neze ingqondo ehlakaniphile njengoba ababhali beHollywood bemmela ngokufa kwezidakamizwa - phela, nezinyoni nazo azifani, qhathanisa nokuziphatha kondlunkulu basemadolobheni nalaba abaphethe inkukhu ekuzijabuliseni kwabo.
Kumamuvi, ama-utaraptors awayona izivakashi ezivame kakhulu njengama-velociraptors, okuyinto emangazayo, ngoba i-utaraptor ikhulu ngokuphindwe kane futhi njengengozi kaningi (ngokusho kwemibiko yamaphoyisa).
3. Spinosaurus
Umthambo omkhulu kunawo wonke walesi sakhamuzi sase-Afrika ngemuva kokulinganisa kukhombisa ubude bamamitha ayi-12. Kodwa-ke, kunezizathu ezinhle zokucabanga ukuba khona kwabantu abalinganiselwa kumamitha ayi-18, ngakho-ke i-spinosaurus ingalwela indawo yokuqala kulolu hlu. ISpinosaurus iyisidalwa esingajabulisi kakhulu ngokubukeka, ngokusho kwe-Photobot. Kuliqiniso, abanye abasebenza nge-paleontologists banikela ngombono ohlukile, okungathandeki ngokwedlulele - nge-hump ne-trunk - ngoba ngokwenguqulo yabo wayedla kakhulu izinhlanzi. Lihlole emhlanganweni wokuqala.
2. I-Plyosaurus
Kufanele sisho ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi iPliosaurus eyaziwa kakhulu ebantwini iLiopleurodon. Udinga futhi ukwazi iqiniso lokuthi ama-pliosaurs ayizidalwa ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezake zaphila emhlabeni wethu, ngoba amamitha angama-20 awubukhulu obufinyeleleka ngokuphelele kuwo. Ama-Flipper kuphela akhulele kumamitha ayi-3, namazinyo - afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40. USmakade Poseidon ukuthi Pliosaurs - izidalwa olwandle, akazange ukubhukuda baya emadolobheni amakhulu.
Izazi zesimo sezulu kanye eMexico zathola ithambo lamamitha ayi-18 le-pliosaurus. Kungabonakala njengesidalwa esinokhahlo nesikhulayo! Kepha into ekhona ukuthi kulawa mathambo athole ukulimala okubangelwa amazinyo senye, i-pliosaurus enkulu, cishe amamitha angama-25!
IMapusaurus
Mapusaurus wayengomunye yamaRefa kukaPythagoras esikhathini Cretaceous. Umuntu omdala walolu hlobo wafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 ubude, futhi isisindo saso sasingamathani amathathu.
IMapusaurus yayingumzingeli omuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yamazinyo ayo amakhulu okuqala, umsila onamandla nezingalo. Lawa ma-dinosaurs azingelwa ngamaqembu, ayewavumela ukuba azingele ama-dinosaurs amakhulu anjenge-Argentinosaurus, isisindo esiphakathi kwawo esingaba ngamathani ayi-100.
Enye yezinzuzo zeMapusaur ngaphezulu kwe-tyrannosaurus ukuthi eyokuqala yayinokukhanya kwangaphambili okwenziwe ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Mapusaurus kwaba ukuxegiselwa kakhulu nokuningi beshesha, esizokwenza ukuba kalula simelane t-rex
Albertosaurus
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi mhlawumbe wezwa okuncane mayelana ne-Albertosaurus kune-tyrannosaurus, izinto eziningi zokuphila ezasinda kakhulu zohlobo lokuqala zatholakala.
I-albertosaurus endala ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-9 ubude, nesisindo cishe ngamathani amabili. Uma uqhathanisa i-albertosaurus ne-t-rex, ungabona ukuthi izinhlobo zokuqala ziphansi kakhulu ngosayizi. Nokho, musa ukusheshe iziphetho.
Izazi ze-Paleontologists zibiza ama-Albertosaurus omunye wabahlaseli begazi kakhulu beLate Cretaceous. Usayizi omncane wale dinosaur wasuswa ngejubane namandla awo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi i-albertosaurus yayishesha kakhulu kune-tyrannosaurus, esiza isilwane ukuthi ibambe inyamazane yaso ekhoneni futhi ihlukanise nezihlobo.
Lapho uqhathanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili, ungabona ukuthi i-tyrex skull inkulu kakhulu kune-1 metres ubude, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukulunywa yi-albertosaurus kunamandla amakhulu, ngenxa yesifushane.
10. Sinornithosaurus
ISinornithosaurus kwakuyidayinaso encane, enemibala emndenini wedramaeosaurid. AmaVelociraptors angawayo. ISinornithosaurus yayinomsila omude, omfishane nobuso obunjengengwenya enobuso obwethusayo. Wayebukeka njengesibungu esincane, esifana nezinyoni ezinamaphiko anemibala.
Kungenzeka ukuthi lezi izilwane ezidla ezinye ezingelwa e amaphakethe, njengabanye dromaeosaurids. Kepha abukho ubufakazi obanele. Kubhekwa isidina sokuqala esiqoshwe nge-bite enobuthi.
Akukacaci ukuthi ubuthi obunalo bunaziphi izici. Akukaziwa ukuthi wabulawa yini noma wayekhubazeka izisulu kuphela. Noma kunjalo, ngisho kwawona umqondo izidalwa ezinjalo ezulazulayo ebusuku bese uziphonsa emanzini aphume izithunzi ukuze ngokubulala izitha nomunye bite kubangela goosebumps.
Carnotaurus
I-carnotaurus ngokwezwi nezwi isho inkunzi ebukeka kahle futhi ibheka isithombe sale dayosaur ungakuqonda ukuthi kungani kuyinkunzi. Ukufana nenkunzi kukhonjiswa izimpondo ezimbili ezibukhali ezisekhanda.
Ngaphezu kwalesi sici, i-carnotaurus nayo yayinezinyawo ezinde ezinamandla ezinamandla, okwenze ukuba ibe isasasa esisheshayo esigabeni salo sesisindo.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izimpondo wakhonza zilwane sokuvikelwa, ngaphandle kogebhezi lokhu dinosaur belingahlukile amandla, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi zilethwe amagalelo kancane futhi kunembile.
I-Giganotosaurus
I-giganotosaurus yayiyisidina esidla ubhedu esikhulukazi eCretaceous South America. Ngendlela, isisindo sayo sedlula isisindo se-tyrannosaurus ngamathani amabili. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umhlaseli wayekwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-32 ngehora, kanti iTi-Rex ingafinyelela isivinini samakhilomitha ayi-16 ngehora.
Kukhona izizathu ezizwakalayo zokukholelwa ukuthi gigantosaurs ezingelwa emaqenjini abantu mayelana 2-3 omdala futhi wayekwazi ngisho yokuzingela njalo imidondoshiya ezifana Argentinosaurus, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuba sobala ukuthi gigantosaurs Babengaphezu kwamashumi uyakwazi dudula tyrannosaurs.
9. I-Therizinosaurus
I-Therizinosaurus kwakuyisilwane esikhulu esinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-5,000., Esasihlala insimu yeMongolia yanamuhla. Wayenezihlakala ezinde nentambo enjengendlulamthi. Kuqale kwanqunywa ukuthi izinsalela zezingezolwandle lwasolwandle oluqothulayo ngenxa yezandla zangaphambili. Kamuva kwacaca ukuthi lena isihlobo ezikude Tyrannosaurus.
Yize amaluka eTerisinosaurus ayengaba nomona ngisho noFreddy Krueger, ayesetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuqoqa ukudla kwezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi i-dinosaur yayinobungane. Ososayensi basaqhubeka nokuthatha isinqumo sokuthi wayengumuntu onemifino emsulwa noma ngezikhathi ezithile wayedla izilwane ezincane.
Ukuntuleka kokucaca mayelana nezinketho zokudla kuyesabisa ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Phela, akucaci ukuthi lo Therizinosaurus sizoxoxa i kwesithiyo ecasulayo noma kwasemini esizayo.
8. ICeratosaurus
I-ceratosaurus yayiyi -ropod ephakathi nendawo. Wayehlala eJurassic eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Yayinkulu, kepha yayinemikhombandlela emifushane nembali enkulu ebunjiwe yophondo ezingxenyeni zamanzi zesigaxa.
Uma uthi nhlá, kungase kubonakale-prototype ye rex Tyrannosaurus nabanye umehluko zesifunda, kodwa musa yileyo alula. Wayengumzingeli othukuthele owayethembele kwinzuzo eyodwa yokhiye, eyayimhlukanisa nezinsizakusebenza zakhe - i-ceratosaurus yayinezinzwane ezine, hhayi ezokuqala ezintathu.
Kwakunguwe lo mehluko omncane owamphakamisela phezulu emgqeni wokudla wesikhathi saseJurassic sasekupheleni. Kungabhekwa njengokufeza okuhle ukuthi ama-ceratosaurs athatha iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-11. Le dinosaur ifanelwe ukunakwa kakhulu ngenxa yamakhono ayo okusinda amangalisayo nezici ezihlukile.
Siats Microorum
Lesi dinosaur esimnandi sasihlala endaweni manje eyiNyakatho Melika ngaseCretaceous esekupheleni. Umuntu omdala angafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 ubude futhi abe nesisindo cishe ngamathani ayi-7.
ISiats Microorum yayingumanduleli omkhulu wesikhathi sayo futhi yayincane ngosayizi kune-tyrannosaurus, futhi lesi dinosaur sasingowomndeni ofanayo ne-carcharodontosaurus.
ISiats Microorum yayiyimbangi engathi sína kuma-t-rex ayehlala ngaleso sikhathi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaleso sikhathi tyrannosaurs zazincane kakhulu ukwedlula ababengaphambi zabo futhi ngeke esakwazi Repulse izibankwakazi eziningi ezidla inyama.
E-Ghout esempumalanga, kwafunyanwa ngisho nezinsalela eziqinisekisa ukuthi iSiats Microorum yayinkulu kakhulu kune-t-rex kangangokuba owokugcina wayengeke alwele isihloko sommeleli oyinhloko weqoqo lokudla.
6. Utahraptor
Cishe i-dropod enemibala emndenini wedromaeosaurid. Utah yahlala i-Utah yanamuhla kwiCretaceous yasekuqaleni. Possessed umsila omude futhi zihambisane umzimba shape. Ifana nenguqulo eyandisiwe ye-velociraptor.
Utahraptor wayengummeleli omkhulu womndeni wakhe futhi wafinyelela kumamitha ayi-7 ubude. Esinzwaneni sesibili semilenze yezingemva kwakukhona uzipho olude ngendlela ecashile olungamasentimitha angama-23. Isikelekazi sasinesisindo esingama-500 kg futhi sasiyisidlakudla esiyingozi.
I-utaraptor ivelele ngenzuzo eyodwa ephawulekayo. Kwatholakala kube dromaeosaurid wokuqala emlandweni American, okuyiwona e-Utah ke wavotelwa njengenhlangano uphawu olusemthethweni. Izinzipho ezibukhali, izingwebu kanye nesimo esisha sezomthetho kwenza utaraptor abe ngumphikisi omuhle kakhulu wesihloko esithi "King of the Dinosaurs."
5. I-Pachycephalosaurus
I-Pachycephalosaurus yayingummeleli we-biscal herbivorous of the oda of yenkukhu. Kwakukhona esikhathini sekwephuzile kweCretaceous kanye ne-tyrannosaurus ne-triceratops.
Imilenze, umsila nentamo bekukukhulu, yena wabheka kunalokho okukhulu. Isici esahlukile kwakuyisigebhezi esiminyene esinezimpondo ezakhiwe njengophondo lwamathambo. Mhlawumbe yayisetshenziswa njengesikhali sokulwa nezitha noma izimbangi. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, ugebhezi lwe-pachycephalosaurus lwalukhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-30 kunomuntu.
Kuyiqiniso, kuyamangaza ukuthi i-pachycephalosaurus kungenzeka ingabi imbiza engenacala, njengoba ekuqaleni yayihlosile. Mhlawumbe kwakunjalo ezidla. Kulokhu, angakuhlaba kalula ngegebhe lakhe bese udla isidlo sakusihlwa.
4. ITroodon
I-Troodon yi-theropod enezinyawo ezimbili eyayihlala ngasekupheleni kweCretaceous. Wayecishe abe ngamamitha amathathu ubude, mncane kakhulu, agugile, wayenamazinyo abukhali futhi anamehlo amakhulu kakhulu.
I forelimbs kwakungafanele ikakhulukazi eside, kodwa kwakukhona namazinyo ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye theropod. Ubekwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-64 ngehora. Okusho ukuthi, wayecishe asheshe kakhulu njengohlanga lomjaho olushesha kunazo zonke.
Okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ubuhlakani obuphakamileyo ngokungajwayelekile be-troodon. Kukhona umbono wokuthi wayengudokotela obedlula bonke ohlakaniphe kunabo bonke. Okutjho bona angabuyekeza nabo kungaba nje isilo sokungacabangi, isidalwa okunenjongo futhi ngomusa.
2. I-Allosaurus
I-Allosaurus yayikhona ngesikhathi seJurassic futhi yayihlala insimu yamanje yase-United States. Ingenye yama-theropods afundwe kakhulu. Yayinhle kakhulu, yize yayinkulu. Isidumbu oblong, izitho babe obukhulu, futhi entanyeni kwakuhunyushwa mncane.
Abakwa-Allosaurus bagijima ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angama-21 ngehora futhi kwakungekho nzima kuye ukweqa inyamazane yakhe.
Ubude bomzimba babungamamitha ayi-8 - 11. I-Allosaurus yayihluke kakhulu kuma-dinosaurs aseJurassic kangangokuba igama layo ngokwempela lisho "esinye isikhwanyana." Kubonakala sengathi ama-paleontologists abewuthatha njengengqayizivele kakhulu.
1. Spinosaurus
Isipinosaurus sasiyidropodry ecarnivorous futhi yayihlala endaweni yaseNyakatho Afrika esikhathini seCretaceous. Yayinkulu kakhulu, yize intamo, izinyawo nomsila zazincane. Ihlonishwa njengomphangi omkhulu kakhulu emhlabeni Kulokhu, weqa ngisho nezikhulu ezinkulu ezinje nge-tyrannosaurus ne-giganotosaurus.
Ngathola udumo ngokubonga "ngomkhumbi" omkhulu, owenza izinqubo ze-dorsal kanye ne-caudal vertebrae. Kuze kube manje, injongo yayo yangempela ayaziwa, kepha kucatshangwa ukuthi yayisetshenziselwa ukuheha abalingani ngokufanayo nomsila wepikoko. Yize izingxoxo ziyaqhubeka.
Isipinosaurus futhi kwakuwukuphela kwesidina esidonsa cishe i-sarcosuchus - isidalwa esifana nengwenya, safinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 ubude nesisindo esingamathani ayishumi. Ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi i-spinosaurus yayikwazi ukubamba isihloko se- "King of the Dinosaurs".