I-Quail - Enye yezinyoni ezivame kakhulu eRussia, ezizingelwa endle ukuzingela ngezikhathi ezithile. Futhi, lezi zinyoni zidotshwa emapulazini ezinkukhu nasemapulazini asekhaya - inyama yazo imnandi kakhulu, futhi amaqanda anempilo. Kepha lezi zinyoni ezincane azilula njengoba zibonakala zibonakala ekuqaleni.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Quail (noma izigwaca ezijwayelekile) yinyoni engowomndeni we-pheasant. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezikhona. Pheasant - umndeni ohlukahlukene wezinyoni ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, izindlela zokuphila nezindawo zokuhlala.
Izici ezilandelayo zihlanganisa izinyoni ezahlukahlukene:
- isithembu,
- izinyoni azakhi ngazimbili ezinde, owesilisa, njengomthetho, unabesifazane abaningi,
- zisho izici zesibili zocansi zabesilisa,
- umbala wazo uhlukile kunowesifazane, uyakhanya,
- notch onqenqemeni olungasemuva lwe-sternum, phalanx olufushane lomunwe wangemuva,
- spurs, amaphiko oyindilinga.
Izinyoni zomndeni azivamile ukundiza, yize ziyazi ukuthi zikwenza kanjani. Ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba okhuluphele kepha omude nentamo ephathekayo, zigijima ngokushesha futhi zithanda ukudla isidlo nemindeni yazo phansi, otshanini obude noma ezihlahleni. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokuphila, bavame ukuba izisulu zabazingeli abakhulu nabancane, futhi baba yinto yokuzingela komuntu. Inyama ye-Pheasant ibhekwe kakhulu emakethe yemidlalo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pheasant zingahlangana nezinye.
Ngesikhathi izidleke, abesilisa balwa ukushiya inzalo. Amaqanda abekwa esidlekeni - ukudangala emhlabathini, kufakwe amaqabunga owomile notshani. Eminye imikhaya yakha imihlambi emincane.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Quail bird
I-Quail iyinyoni encane, cishe i-16-22 cm ubude. Isisindo sowesifazane singama-gramu angama-91, isisindo sowesilisa singama-gramu ayi-130. Ubuningi benyoni bimpunga, bunamachashaza amhlophe amhlophe - lo mbala uyivumela ukuba ifihlwe kahle utshani obomile. Ikhanda, emuva, umsila linobomvu, imivimbo yokuqina, futhi ngaphezulu kwamehlo kukhona imidwebo emhlophe emide. Umzimba wo izigwaca uqinile njengoba kungenzeka ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukwazi ukuzifihla futhi ugijime ngokushesha. Ukwakheka komzimba okwenziwe wageleza njengomsipha, umsila omfishane namaphiko akhombe kuye kumvumela ukuthi athole ukushesha ngenkathi egijima. Izimpaphe azivumelaniswa nesimo sezulu esinomswakama, kepha zinikeza i-thermoregulation, zipholise umzimba ekushiseni.
Izici ezifushane
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezimbalwa kunezinye izinkukhu, okwenza ukukhetha kwabaqalayo kube lula. Senze itafula elibonakalayo lezinhlobo zezigwaca ezinhle kunazo zonke ngezincazelo ezimfushane zazo zonke izinhlobo ezitholakala eRussia okwamanje.
Isihloko | Isiqondisi | Isisindo seqanda, gr. | Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda, ama-PC ngonyaka | Isisindo sesidumbu, gr. |
IsiJapan | iqanda | 10-12 | 300-320 | 90-100 |
IsiNgisi esimhlophe | iqanda | 11-13 | 290-310 | 140-170 |
UFaro | inyama | 12-17 | 250-300 | 200-220 |
ETexas | inyama | 15-18 | 220-260 | 250-350 |
Isi-Estonia | inyama neqanda | 12-14 | 280-310 | 180 |
I-Tuxedo | inyama neqanda | 11-12 | 260-280 | 130-150 |
IsiManchurian | inyama neqanda | 13-16 | 220-250 | 170-190 |
ECalifornia | zokuhlobisa | 9-10 | 90-110 | — |
Manje zibabheke ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ngabe kuhlala izigwaca kuphi?
Photo: Quail eRussia
Le nyoni ejwayelekile kakhulu, eseyaziwa njengomdlalo emazweni amaningi omhlaba.
Kujwayelekile ku:
- IYurophu
- ENyakatho Afrika
- I-West Asia
- IMadagascar (lapho kunezinyoni zivame ukuhlala unyaka wonke ngaphandle kwendiza ngenxa yenani elincane lezitha zemvelo),
- empumalanga yeBaikal nakuyo yonke indawo ephakathi yeRussia.
Izigwaca ezivamile, ezivamile eRussia, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-European neJapan. Izinyoni zaseJapan zigcinwa eJapan futhi manje sezifuywe emapulazini ezinkukhu zenyama namaqanda, ngakho-ke amanani azo endle ancishisiwe. Izigwaca zaseYurophu zivame kakhulu. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila enamahloni, le nyoni indiza amabanga amade ngenxa yokudla isidleke. Izindiza zitholakala ngqo eMiddle Iran naseTurkmenistan, lapho indiza khona ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.Ngasenyakatho - esifundeni esiphakathi saseRussia - imihlambi yezigwaca indiza ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngamachwane asekhulile kakade.
Iqiniso elihehayo: E-Russia, bakhetha ukuzingela izigwaca ncamashi lapho besuka besiya ezifundeni ezifudumele ngesikhathi sasebusika - izinyoni eziningi zindiza emoyeni futhi kulula ukungena kuzo. Ekuzingeleni okunjalo, izinja eziqeqeshiwe zisetshenziselwa ukuletha inyoni edutshuliwe kumzingeli.
Le nyoni ithanda ukuhlala emaqeleni nasensimini kunasehlathini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthambekela kwakhe kwindlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni, ngaphezu kwalokho, bakha izidleke emhlabathini. I-Quail ithanda isimo sezulu esomile, musa ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
IsiJapan
Esithombeni - uhlobo lwangempela lohlobo, imibala ebonakalayo "yasendle" ebonakalayo ebonakalayo yezigwaca zaseJapan.
Elinye igama nguMute Quail. Kuqala ithandwa kakhulu, akuvamile eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yokuguquka kwenzalo maqondana nama-quiler ama-broiler. Izikhukhukazi ezinhle kakhulu zokubeka, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ngonyaka kufinyelela amaqanda angama-305-315. Isisindo se-Carcass - 120-140 gr.
Inombala we-motley "wasendle" ocolekileyo, osebenza kakhulu emoyeni, onamahloni. Ngesisekelo sezingcwaca zaseJapan, cishe zonke izinhlobo zezigwaca ezithandwayo zazidotshwa.
I-Quail imnandi kakhulu futhi iyathakazelisa!
Ukuzalanisa izigwaca kuyajabulisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwezinyoni zendabuko ezigcinwe ekhaya, ezithakazelisa ikakhulukazi izinyoni ezidla, izigwaca, ama-pheasants, amabala. Zibaluleke njengezinyoni zokuhlobisa, futhi njengomthombo wenyama namaqanda amnandi.
Inyama ye-Quail ifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ngokungafani nenyama yenkukhu enama-broiler, inombala omnyama, ocishe ube nsundu, okunikeza ukufana kwama-venison. Inyama ye-Quail ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Imisipha ye-mammary nethanga ayinamafutha impela, ngakho-ke ibonakala yomile. Inzuzo ebalulekile yenyama ijubane lokupheka. Izinyoni ezincane zingaphekwa ngemizuzu engama-30. I-Quail inambitheka futhi inempilo, ilungele ukudla kokudla.
Kuyasiza ukuzalanisa le nyoni ngokwakho ekhaya. Izigwaca ezisencane zanda isisindo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngosuku lwesibili lokuphila ziyiphinda kabili. Amakati uyadla ngokushesha kokudla. Ungabafundisa ukudla ngokugoba amakhanda abo ngeminwe yabo kwisiphakeli nesiphuzo. Izinyoni zine-metabolism esheshayo, ngakho-ke, zinezici ezithile zokuzalela:
- ukunakekelwa kwezigcwaca ngokucophelela kuyadingeka - kugcina amazinga okushisa adingekayo (ama-degree angama-38 ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila), ikakhulukazi lapho zizalela futhi zikhulisa amaphuphu futhi kwandise ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kwabantu abadala,
- izigwaca zinaka amahora emini,
- inyoni ayithandi okusalungiswa,
- ukubekezelela kakhulu ukuswelakala komoya-mpilo kanye nokugcwala komoya egumbini.
Isi-Estonia
Imivimbo ekhanyayo ezimpaphe zoqakaqho base-Estonia icishe ifane nezinaliti ze-porcupine.
Ngokusho kwabalimi, izigwaca zase-Estonia zingabizwa ngohlobo olwedlula yonke. Kwavela njengomphumela womsebenzi wokufuya, owawususelwa kuFaro nakumaNgisi. Ukuvuthwa kushesha ngokwanele, ukubeka izinkukhu kuqala ukusebenza kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5-2 bese kukhiqiza amaqanda okungenani angama-300 ngonyaka.
Uma inyoni ingabekeki kakhulu futhi ihlatshwe eneminyaka eyi-4-5 izinyanga, lapho isidumbu sifinyelela ku-140-160 gr, inyama inomnandi kakhulu futhi inomusa, ngaphandle kwamafutha ngokweqile. Ukuzala nokuqina phezulu. Lapho kuthengiswa emakethe, ama-Estonia abukeka enenzuzo enkulu kunamaJapane ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu nokuqina kwemisipha.
Izinhlobo
Ngezansi kwezinhlobo ezithandwayo zezigwaca zokuzalela.
- Izigwaca zaseJapan
- IsiNgisi noma iBrithani emhlophe.
- Manchurian golide
- Izigwaca zase-Estonia.
- UFaro,
- I-Texas imhlophe.
UFaro
Ukubeka uFaro (isithombe esivela epulazini laseDenis Baklanov, 2009)
Abokuqala abeza kithi bevela enkombeni yenyama. Basheshe bathola ukuthandwa ngenxa yokungazethembi, ukuphakama kwamaqanda (ama-broiler) amaqanda aqandayo nokubukeka okuhle kwesidumbu esenziwe.
Ngokusho kwencazelo, ihluke kancane kwelaseJapan, umbala ofanayo, ubukhulu kuphela bukhulu kakhulu: 290-320 gr. kwabesilisa, kuze kufike kuma-250 hens. Amaqanda akhula kancane, kepha mancane (afinyelela kuma-280 ngonyaka).
Ukubuyekezwa kwamaFarao kuvame ukudideka ngenxa yokuthi bambalwa abalimi abanenkukhu abaqukethe imigqa ehlanzekile, ngakho-ke akulula ukuthenga inyoni eboshelwe ngokuphelele.
ETexas
Uma ubhekisisa, ungabona isibonakaliso somugqa wethegi ku-Texan ithegi kulesi sithombe: ibala elimnyama.
Uhlobo olukhulu ngisho nangokwengeziwe olutholakele ngokuwela amaFarao. I-plumage icishe ibe mhlophe ngokuphelele, amabala amnyama atholakala ekhanda. Izimpaphe ezimnyama emzimbeni zithathwa njengezingathandeki.
Idlula yonke imihlambi ekhona yezinqolobane ngosayizi, kukhona imininingwane mayelana nezidumbu zama Texans eneminyaka eyi-6 yokuhlatshwa ku-550-600 gr! Kodwa ngisho nesisindo esijwayelekile siyamangalisa: 390-420 gr. Umlingisi uzolile kakhulu, inyoni ebabazekayo efana nezinkukhu ezinhle kakhulu ze-broiler.
Dinga amaseli ukuthi akhuphuke kancane ekuphakameni kwabantu abambalwa. Njengoba izigwaca ezimhlophe zaseTexas ziphakeme, lapho zigcinwa kumabhethri ajwayelekile amaseli (15-20 cm), kuba nzima ngokwedlula kowesilisa ukufaka owesilisa, futhi ukuzala kuzokwanda. Ngokunikezwe ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezintofontofo zamaqanda avundisiwe kuhlobo lokuzalela ama-60-65%, le nto iba ebalulekile ekuzaleni okuyikho.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - kufinyelela kumaqanda amakhulu angama-280 ngonyaka.
IsiNgisi esimhlophe
Umuntu waseNgilandi, ngokuhambisana nencazelo, unamabloksi amnyama hhayi kuphela ekhanda lakhe, kodwa nangasohlangothini (isithombe esithathwe kwi-Intanethi).
Inesikhundla esiphakathi sokukhiqiza phakathi kweJapan noFaro. Ngokungafani nama-Texans, amabala amnyama emzimbeni amukelekile, kepha indawo yawo engenakuqhathaniswa akufanele idlule ku-5%. Isisindo sesidumbu esinezinyanga ezine ubudala singama-160-180 gr. kwabesilisa futhi kuze kube ku-160 ngezinkukhu. Kufika kumaqanda angama-290 atholakala ku izigwaca zesiNgisi ngonyaka.
Ezinyoni ezindala
Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kwenyoni kuncike ekushiseni kokuqukethwe:
- ukuzalanisa izigwaca kudinga amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-18 kuya kuma-Celsius,
- indawo yokushisa ephezulu yegumbi - ama-degrees angama-21,
- amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-16 abangela ukunqandwa kokukhiqizwa kweqanda.
Lapho zizalanisa izigwaca ekhaya, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu; ungagcina izigwaca zaseJapan ngaphandle kokushisa unyaka wonke. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izigwaca zithwalwa kuphela ehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala.
Isimo sempilo sokubekwa kobusika izigwaca ezindaweni ezivalekile azilungile. Lezi zinyoni zibekezelela ngokuphelele amazinga okushisa aphansi esikhathi sasebusika, uma nje:
- ukuvikela komoya okuhle
- ukuvikela imvula,
- ukudla okunamandla amaningi, nokudla okunamaprotheni amancane.
Isici esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kobusika izigwaca ezimweni zemvelo ukuvumelanisa izigwaca ngokwazisa umzimba kancane kancane emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngalesi sizathu, izigwaca azikwazi ukulinyazwa ngokuzibeka endaweni yezindiza ezingashisi lapho isimo sezulu sibanda. Ukuhlala kufanele kwenzeke ehlobo. Lapho-ke ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa okukhona kwenzeka kancane kancane, okuvumela izinyoni ukuzijwayela kumakhaza.
Okwezinkukhu
Izidingo zokushisa eziphezulu zezinkukhu zezigwaca zisobala.
Ithebula. Izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ku-incubator lokukhula izigwaca
IViki Yokuphila Kwezinkukhu Zonyaka | Ukushisa, degrees Celsius | |
egumbini | ngaphansi komthombo wokushisa (i-radiator) | |
Okokuqala | 30 | 38 |
Okwesibili | 25 | 34 |
Okwesithathu | 21 |
I-Thermoregulation in izigwaca zamasonto amathathu, njengakwezinyoni ezindala, imithombo yokushisa eyengeziwe ayidingeki. Ukushisa kwegumbi kufanele kube ngu-21 degrees Celsius.
Lapho sikhulisa izinkukhu, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu, awukwazi ukuqondiswa kuphela ngamazinga okushisa anconyiwe, kubalulekile ukubheka ukusebenza kwezingane:
- uma zinobukhulu futhi zinqwabelana emthonjeni wokushisa - izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu,
- lapho amachwane esuswa ku-radiator - izinga lokushisa kumele lincishiswe,
- emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, amaphuphu asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke i-incubator - abanye baphumula, abanye badla ukudla.
Izinkukhu ze-quail kufanele zigcinwe ekhaya kwizinyosi ezikhethekile lapho kugcinwa khona isimo sezulu esikhethekile.
Izithombe. I-Broiler yokukhulisa izinkukhu zezigwaca.
Umswakama womoya
Izigwaca zaseJapan azizweli kakhulu ezenzweni zokuswakama komoya.
Izimo zokuzalela izigwaca zinjengokulandelayo:
- umswakama ophakanyisiwe ungamaphesenti angama-65-75,
- lapho umswakama uphansi kakhulu, izigwaca zidla amanzi amaningi, ngaleyo ndlela kunxephezelwa kokulahleka okwengeziwe komzimba,
- umswakama ophezulu (ngokwesibonelo, 85%) awukhuthaziwe, njengoba izimo zenzelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziningi ze-pathogenic.
Okusalungiswa
Into ebalulekile yemvelo yokulondolozwa kwezigcwaca yisidingo sokugwema uhlaka. Lezi zinyoni zitholakala kakhulu ekubhaleni kunezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Izigwaca, ezisegumbini elinezinhlaka, kuqala zilahlekelwe izimpaphe, bese umkhiqizo wazo uncipha, ngenxa yalokho, ziyagula futhi ziyafa. Ngaphambi kokuzalela izigwaca, udinga ukuhlinzeka igumbi elifanele lokukhula ngaphandle kokusalungiswa.
Inkinga yamapulage ampofu, noma ngisho nokuvela kwama-bald hinges ngaphandle kwesitshi kwizigwaca ezindala, kuvame ukuba nezinye izimbangela. Igama elithi “Baldness”, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, livame ukucaciswa yilezi zizathu ezilandelayo:
- pterophagy - ukugoqa izimpaphe ngezinyoni,
- ukuguga - okudala kugwaca izigwaca, kokubi ngokwengeziwe kweplamu
- izizathu zofuzo - kuyadingeka ukwenza ukukhetha, ukukhetha izinyoni ezinamapulangwe amahle okuzala.
Impande ye-Maral (Leuzea): ikhambi lezifo eziyi-100
I-Maral izimpande (i-safflower levzea) iyisitshalo sokwelapha, esifakwe e-USSR State Pharmacopoeia ngonyaka we-1961, futhi kamuva ku-State Register of Medicines of Russia, eyaziwa kakhulu emithini yabomdabu.
Tansy ezejwayelekile: izakhiwo zokwelapha
I-tansy ejwayelekile isitshalo esisebenzayo sokwelapha kwezifo zabesifazane, ubuhlungu besisu, izibungu, i-rheumatism nekhanda. Izimbali zeTansy zixosha izimpukane, amabale, izimbungulu nezinye izinambuzane. Lo mbhalo uzosiza ukulungiselela kahle imishanguzo evela ku-tansy.
I-Rosemary: Izici zokwelapha zamafutha, uhlelo lokusebenza
I-Rosemary isihlahla esihlala sikhula njalo esikhula emazweni afudumele, amalungiselelo awo abe nomphumela okhulunywayo wokwelapha. Ama-infusions, ama-tinctures kanye ne-rosemary uwoyela obalulekile unakekela isikhumba nomgogodla womlomo, unciphise izinhlungu futhi upholise amanxeba, uqinise ukungatheleleki futhi ususe ubuthi emzimbeni, unakekele izinwele nezitho zokugaya ukudla.
Ezinyoni ezindala
Emvelweni, izigwaca ziqala ukubeka amaqanda entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokunwebeka kwamahora okukhanya kwemini. Ngemuva kukaJuni 24, lapho kuqala ukuncipha kwemini, ukubeka amaqanda ezinyoni zasendle kuyaphela. Isinqumo sokuqala ukubumbana senziwa yi-pituitary mahormone, izinto ezi-2 zithinta imfihlo yazo:
- ubukhulu bokukhanya
- inqubo yokwelula amahora wemini.
Lokhu kuxhomekeka kubalulekile lapho kuzalaniswa amaqanda izigwaca. Izikhukhula ezivuthiwe (cishe amasonto ayisikhombisa) kufanele zibe nosuku olukhanya olungamahora ayi-14. Umphumela we "ntwasahlobo" uvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda; kuyadingeka ukwelula amahora okukhanya kwemini.
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukwandisa amahora okukhanya kwemini ngesigamu sehora njalo ngamaviki amabili, kuletha amahora angama-17 okukhanya kosuku.
Ukwanda kokukhanya kosuku lwesigwaca esidala kubikezelwa njengokulandelayo:
Isonto Lokuphila Kwe-Quail | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 19 |
Inani lokukhanya ngosuku, amahora | 14 | 14,5 | 15 | 15,5 | 16 | 16,5 | 17 |
Idada le-Musk: ukuzalanisa, ukukhulisa inyama ye-indonesian
Ukuzala amadada we-musky ekhaya kumnandi futhi kuyazuzisa. Amadada wamakhowe aphatha amaqanda amaningi, inyama yawo imnandi kunokujwayelekile, amadada we-Peking namafutha amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadada e-musky awakwazi ukukhipha amaqanda awo kuphela, kodwa futhi nenkukhu, ihansi, ikhukhu.
I-Rhubarb: izakhiwo ezizuzisayo, ukulima nokunakekelwa
I-Rhubarb isitshalo esiphundu, esimnandi, sokwelapha, esidala, ama-petioles asencane, lapho ephekiwe, athole ukunambitheka kwama-apula ka-Antonov. Indlela yezolimo yokukhula kwe-rhubarb ilula, ngakho-ke umlimi wehlobo ngalinye angatshala izihlahla ezi-5-6 esakhiweni sakhe.
Ngamachwane
Ezinye izidingo zokukhanyisa izigwaca ngesikhathi sokukhula. Izinkukhu zine-metabolism esheshayo, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukubambezela ukuzondla kwazo amahora amaningi.Kunconywe ukuthi izinkukhu ezivela ngeviki lesibili lempilo zihlala zikhanya ngaphandle kokuphumula ebusuku, futhi kusukela ngeviki lesithathu lempilo, isikhathi sokukhanyisa kumele sincishiswe ngamahora ama-2 njalo ngeviki, ukuze emavikini ayisikhombisa empilo, izigwaca ezincane zizothola ukukhanya kwehora le-14.
Imodi ekhanyayo yamachwane ezigwaca ivezwa etafuleni:
Isonto Lokuphila Kwe-Quail | 1 no-2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Inani lokukhanya ngosuku, amahora | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 14 |
I-Coltsfoot: izakhiwo zokwelapha, izindlela zokupheka
I-Coltsfoot isitshalo esivamile sokwelapha esisiza ekwelapheni umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, isifo sofuba, i-scrofula, amanxeba okuhlanza kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele. Ukulungiselela okususelwa ku-coltsfoot kuhamba kancane, kepha ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu.
Ukuphefumula
Amakamelo we-Quail kufanele abe nokuphefumula okusebenzayo ukuze ukushintshana komoya kwenziwe okungenani izikhathi eziyisikhombisa ngehora. Uhlelo lokungena komoya kufanele lusebenze ngokubabazekayo ukuze kungabangeli ukudideka okuthe xaxa emoyeni nakwezilungiswa.
Ukuhlushwa i-oksijini ephezulu yinto esemqoka eqinisekisa impilo yezigwaca. Izidingo ze-oksijini zezinyoni ziphakeme impela. Uhlelo lokuphefumula izigwaca lubucayi bhuthi uthuli lomoya, olubangela ukuvela kwezifo zepheshana lokuphefumula elingaphezulu. Kungakho ukunakekelwa komoya ohlanzekile emakamelweni kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuzalaniswa le nyoni ekhaya.
IMandeville (iDiplomacy) - ubuhle obuyingozi
I-Mandevilla (Mandevilla) - ingadi nohlaza okushisa, ukukhuphuka, izimbali, isitshalo, ummeleli womndeni wakwaKutrovy. Lesi sitshalo sinegama laso ukuhlonipha usibambiso nesiNgisi engadini uHenry J. Mandeville, owayekhonza eBuenos Aires. Phakathi kokuqondanisa kwegama lohlobo oluthile yiDipladenia, elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini lisho “ukuba nezindlala eziphindwe kabili”
I-China meadow (peas): izakhiwo zokwelapha, izindlela zokupheka
I-China meadow - isitshalo sokwelapha esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia, i-abscesses (ama-abscesses), izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ipheshana esiswini futhi njengesikhumbuzo esisebenzayo. Lesi sitshalo samukelwa ngomuthi wesayensi nowesintu, ukwakheka kwezakhiwo nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali zezitadi kufundwe kahle.
I-Chamomile ekhemisi: izakhiwo zokwelapha kanye nesicelo
I-Chamomile ekhemisi (yezokwelapha) isitshalo sokwelapha esisetshenziswa emithini yesayensi neyendabuko ekwelapheni izinqubo zokuvuvukala, izifo zesisu namathumbu, isikhumba nezitho zohlelo lwe-genitourinary system.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudla okunempilo kogwayi
I-metabolism ye-Quail ishesha kakhulu kunezinye izinkukhu:
- inkukhu enosuku lunye iba inyoni endala ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-7 (enkukhu, ngemuva kwamasonto angama-22),
- isisindo seqanda izigwaca maqondana nesisindo sokubeka isikhukhukazi amahlandla ama-2 ngaphezu kwenkukhu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwama-feed feed we-hens lapho kuzalaniswa izinkukhu noma ukufuya hens akulungile, ngoba okuqukethwe kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ziphansi kakhulu.
Akufanelekile ukucebisa ukuxutshwa kwenkukhu nenyama noma inhlanzi. Yize le nqubo inyusa izinga lamaprotheni, inciphisa ukuqoqwa kwezinye izakhamzimba - amandla namavithamini. Izinyoni kufanele zondliwe izingxube zezigcobo ezigcwele, ngoba kuphela ezingakwazi ukumboza izidingo zokudla okunempilo futhi, ngakho-ke, ziqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu.
Ngenxa yenani elincane lezigcwaca, kukhona okumbalwa okwenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe ngezigcwaca emakethe. Kulesi simo, kufanele ukhiqize ukudla kwezinyoni ngokwakho. Leli qiniso kufanele libhekwe njengezikhathi ezithile, ngoba izithako zokudla ezilinganiselwe ngokujwayelekile kufanele zikhiqizwe yizimboni ezikhethekile.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ngokuzalanisa kwama-amateur zonke izinhlobo zokudla “kwasekhaya” kwamukelekile. Njengomthetho, basebenza kakhulu, kepha ukulungiswa nsuku zonke kokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezikhulayo nasekhaya zokufuya ezweni.
I-Badan: ukulima, izakhiwo eziwusizo
Impepho enamagobongo amade, edume ngokuthi itiye leChigir, ayiyinhle kuphela empilweni, kodwa futhi yinhle. Ngokukhula kwe-badan, abalimi "bangabulala izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa" - izitshalo nesakhiwo sihlotshisiwe, futhi zilethe izinzuzo.
Ubuhlungu bezinsana (i-sleep-grass) - incwadi ebomvu edabukisayo
I-backache, i-meadow, edume ngokuthi "utshani bokulala", isetshenziswa emithini yesintu njenge-anesthetic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant. I-lumbago meadow inobuthi, okuyinto engazange imvimbele ukungena kwiBhuku elibomvu, ngenxa yeqoqo elingalawulwa lezimbali entwasahlobo ngezinhloso zokuthengisa.
Izici zokondla izinkukhu
Amaqanda ama-Quail, yize ebukeka engalingani, amnandi kakhulu. Imikhuhlane yenkukhu inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokudla okunempilo. Ukuqina kwabo okusheshayo okungajwayelekile nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu kudinga indlela ekhethekile.
Ukuqukatha izinkukhu ezikhuzweni ekhaya, udinga ukubanikeza ukudla okulingene okuhlukahlukene. Ekuphakeleni, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokusanhlamvu nokunye okuphakelayo:
- amabele,
- irayisi
- soya
- okusanhlamvu
- ifolishi (i-dandelion, i-clover),
- kwahluma ukolweni
- izithelo,
- imifino.
Ukunaka! I-Fishmeal, esetshenziselwa ekudleni njengempahla eluhlaza yokwandisa okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni, ithinta kakhulu iphunga lenyama, ikwenze kungathandeki!
Isixazululo esihle kakhulu ngukudla. Ingxube yokudla kwenyama yezigcwaca kufanele ibe yinothile kunokudla okusetshenziselwa ukondla izinkukhu.
I-1 kilogram yengxube kufanele ibe ne-3050 kcal (12.7 MJ / kg), kufaka phakathi:
- I-22% yamaprotheni ephelele
- I-1.1% lysine
- 0.48% methionine,
- 0,45% phosphorus
- 0,9% calcium
- 0.16% sodium
- I-chlorine engu-0.15%.
Kuyenqatshelwa ukwethula i-coccidiostatics - izidakamizwa ze-antiparasite futhi zikhulise inzuzo ephakathi nosuku isisindo somzimba, ithuthukise ukumuncwa kokuphakelayo. Ama-coccidiostatics aqongelela esibindini, izicubu zenkukhu, zingathinta kabi impilo yabathengi.
Campanula kukushkin: izakhiwo, isicelo
ICampanula kukushkin isitshalo se-herbaceous sangesikhathi saso esinezimbali nezotshani ezinamandla okupholisa. Umbala weKukushkin uphatha ama-bronchitis, i-rheumatism, i-jaundice, iphila futhi uyeka ukopha, isiza ukuphulukisa amanxeba nokuxosha izibungu.
Fennel (dill ekhemisi): izakhiwo zokwelapha
I-fennel ejwayelekile iyisitshalo somuthi esi-herbaceous esaziwa ngemithi yesintu njenge-dill yemithi noma i-dill yeVoloshsky. I-Fennel ifana ne-dill yensimu, kepha ihlukile kuyo ezintweni zokwelapha.
Ukudla Inkukhu
Ukudla okulinganiselwe kwezinkukhu - inani lomsoco esikhathini sokukhula
Lapho izigwaca ezincane ziqeda amasonto ama-4 ubudala, isikhathi sesithathu, sokugcina siqala ukukhula. Zidla ukudla okwengeziwe, ngakho-ke ukuqoqwa kwezithako ngazinye kungaphansi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkukhu, izigwaca ziphinda zibe zimbi kakhulu ezingxenyeni zokudla zokwenziwa, ngakho-ke, ukufaka esikhundleni samavithamini wemvelo ngama-synthetic uqobo kunciphisa ukusebenza nokukhiqizwa kwezinyoni. Kuwo wonke unyaka, udinga ukuzama ukuhlinzeka ngotshani obuluhlaza kanye notshani.
I-primrose yasentwasahlobo (i-primrose): izakhiwo zokuphulukisa
I-primrose yasentwasahlobo, ebizwa ngokuthi yi- "Primula", isitshalo sokwelapha esinamandla sisetshenziswa emithini yesintu njengesikhuhli, i-painkiller, ikhambi le-diuretic ne-vithamini yemfuluwenza, umkhuhlane, i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia, njll.
Ukunamathisela inyama
Izigwaca ziyahlatshwa ngineminyaka engamasonto ayisithupha. Endabeni yezinyoni ezihlatshwayo, ukudla ezikhathini zokuqala ezi-2 zokukhulisa kuyafana nokubeka izinkukhu. Esikhathini sokugcina, sesithathu, ukudla kwezinyoni ezihlatshwayo kuyashintsha. Esontweni lesine, ungahlukanisa kalula ubulili bezigwaca. Abesifazane basindayo, isidumbu sabo sinezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokucula. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho, abesilisa abasebenza izigwaca bavame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlatshweni. Uma izinyoni zikhuluphisa inyama, kunconywa ukugcina izinsikazi kanye nowesilisa ngokuhlukile. Ngakho-ke izigwaca ziba ezolile, zikhule ngokushesha.
Inhloso yokukhuluphala ukukhulisa isisindo somzimba ngokwandisa izicubu ze-adipose.Ukondla, isisindo esandayo samafutha, izigwaca kufanele sondliwe kuphela ngokudla okusanhlamvu - ummbila wokusanhlamvu, ukolweni uyasetshenziswa Iqoqo lezicubu ze-adipose lihlala amasonto amabili kuya kwayi-3.
Izifo ze-Quail, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Izigwaca zigodlwe ngokuphelele, zincike futhi zijwayele abantu abadinga ukudala izimo ezifanele zemvelo ezidingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe izinga eliphezulu lezempilo nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Izimo ezinganele zezemvelo, zokuhlanzeka, ukungondleki kahle kuthinta impilo yezinyoni, kunciphisa umkhiqizo.
Ngenxa yezikhulela ezikhulayo ngaphakathi ezindlini, emafulethini aminyene, athambekele kalula ekuthelelekeni kunezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.
Zonke izifo zezigwaca zingahlukaniswa zaba yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- izifo ezibangelwa ukuncanywa endaweni engafanele (umswakama, okusalungiswa),
- ukondliwa okungafanele (amaminerali, amavithamini, ukusilela kwamaprotheni),
- ubuthi
- izifo ezihlaselayo (izibungu zangaphakathi nangaphandle),
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, iprotozoa.
Izifo ezijwayelekile zezigwaca yi-salmonellosis, ubuthi, isifo sohudo, i-colic bacteriosis, ama-rickets, i-quail pululosis, i-aspergillosis, isifo se-pseudo-cholera, ikholera, izifo ze-helminth, ukwanda kanye nokuqhakaza kwe-oviduct.
Izindatshana eziningi.
Ikhasi 1 kwezingu-60
"Ingadi" - isihloko ekutshalweni kwezitshalo zemifino: utamatisi, upelepele, isitshalo seqanda, u-anyanisi, izaqathe, izimbotshana nezinye izitshalo zasendlini. Inama-athikili awusizo ekunakekeleni imifino, imisebenzi yezolimo, izindlela zokusakazwa kwezithombo nembewu. Chaza ukuthi ungazilawula kanjani izinambuzane, ukuxilongwa kwezifo kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
"Ingadi" - Isigaba esizinikele ezihlahleni zezihlahla zezithelo, ama-berry bush nezinye izindlela zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo: ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane, ukuphathwa kwamanxeba nembobo, ukwelashwa kwezifo zemvelo ehlukahlukene. Imibhalo emayelana nemithi yama-apula, amapharele, amapetshisi, ama-cherries, amaplamu nezinye izihlahla zezithelo ayaqoqwa. Inqubo yokutshala nokubuyisela ama-berry bush: ama-currants, ama-raspberries, ama-gooseberry, njll.
"Izimbali" - Ukuhola izitshalo zokuhlobisa, izimbali. Vele, ezinye izimbali zingadliwa, kepha ikakhulukazi ziyathandwa. Lapha ungathola izindatshana eziphathelene nokunakekelwa kwezimbali, mayelana nokusabalalisa izimbali ngokusikwa okuluhlaza, ukuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes, imbewu, ukubeka, njll. Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bezolimo, abalimi banikezwa izinto eziwusizo zokwelapha izifo zezimbali, ukulawula izinambuzane, amathiphu ekwakhiweni komhlaba nasekuhlobisweni, nasekuhlelweni kwezimbali.
"Inkani" - Ukuhola imfuyo nezinkukhu. Izindatshana eziwusizo zaqoqwa ekufuyeni izinkukhu: izinkukhu, amahansi, amadada, ama-turkeys, ama-Guinea Guinea izinyoni ngisho nangamapogogo. Izindlela zokuhlonza izifo ezingulubeni kanye nokwelapha izingulube zezinambuzane zichaziwe.
"Impilo nobuhle" - isigaba esizinikele ngokuphelele kwezempilo, ukunakekelwa komzimba, ukwelashwa nokuvinjwa kwezifo zabantu. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi ubuhle abuhlukaniswa empilweni, ngakho-ke sanquma ukuhlanganisa ngokushesha izihloko ezimbili zibe munye.
"Phumula, hambela ezokuvakasha" - Ukubuyekezwa kwendatshana ngezokuvakasha emazweni aseduze nakude. Ukubuyekezwa kwezivakashi mayelana nohambo, amathiphu wabahambi abanolwazi. Le ngxenye izoba wusizo kubaqalayo, kanye nalabo abathanda ukuhamba cishe ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya.
"Ekhaya" - isigaba se-DIY (zenzele, sikwenze ngokwakho), izihloko ezilusizo ezizenzweni zokuzenzela izinto zasendlini: imishini, izindlela, imihlangano, amadivaysi, ifenisha, njll. kuyaqoqwa. Futhi kulesi sigaba izindatshana zishicilelwa ngama-hacks life, amaqhinga awusizo enza impilo ibe lula kumuntu wesilisa .
Ukuntuleka kwamabhethri nemiphumela yako
I-Quail iyazwela ukusilela kwamaprotheni, amaminerali, amavithamini ekudleni:
Ukuntuleka kwebhethri | Imiphumela |
amaprotheni amancane kakhulu |
|
phosphorus ophansi kanye ne-calcium |
|
ukuntuleka kwe manganese |
|
ukusilela kwemanganese | Isifo sesigwaca esibizwa ngokuthi yi-perosis noma i-chondrodystrophy (Perosis), esibonakaliswa ekuqineni kwejoyinti, sijijeke imilenze eceleni |
fat ngokweqile | Ukonakala kwesibindi se-Quail |
ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin A | Yehlisa impilo yezigcwaca, ikhulisa ukuthambekela kwezifo |
ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin E |
|
uvithamini D3 ophansi |
|
Kungani izigwaca zigwirana?
I-pterophagy - ukukha izimpaphe ngezinyoni kwezinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi izigwaca zigxobhozela egazini. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, lokhu kuyinto evamile ekuziphatheni; kuogwaca, i-pterophagy kubangelwa izizathu ezahlukahlukene:
- Amandla amaphutha
- izimfanelo zofuzo zokuhlukumeza ngokweqile,
- izinyoni ezigcwele kakhulu indawo ngayinye,
- ukukhanyisa okunganele
- ukusilela kwamaprotheni.
I-pterophagy iyingozi kakhulu ngoba umphumela wayo uvame ukubangelwa yi-cannibalism.
Isixazululo esilula futhi esisebenzayo kunazo zonke esingase senziwe uma izigwaca izigwaca wokwehlisa ingxenye yesithathu yomlomo ongaphezulu. Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa ama-guillotine akhethekile asika uqhwaku lomgqwazo ngecala elishisayo, elinciphisa ukopha futhi lenze isikhathi sokuphinda futhi kwesindebe esisikiwe.
Kukhona futhi zonke izinhlobo zokumbondelana kwezindebe, ukuvimbela ukugoqa kanye nokukhipha izigwaca.
Izithombe. I-Quail lining ukuvikela i-pterophagy
I-Colibacillosis
Isifo se-Quail sidalwa yi-pathogenic serotypes ye-E. coli. Isifo esiyingozi izigwaca, sibangela ukufa okukhulu kuze kufike ku-80-90%.
- ukuntuleka kwamavithamini
- amaphutha okuphakelwa kwezinyoni,
- umoya omncane
- amanzi angcolile.
- kubantu abadala, lesi sifo siziveza njengesifo sohudo,
- ukulahleka kwesifiso,
- ubunzima bokuhamba.
Lesi sifo singavinjelwa:
- ukondliwa okufanele kwezigwaca,
- Ukuhlanzeka okuhle
- okuhlukile kwezinyoni ezibuthakathaka.
I-Mycoplasmosis yezinkukhu
Lesi sifo sibangela i-Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Isifo esiyingozi senkukhu esibangelwa izimo ezingezinhle zemvelo:
- umoya omncane owanele
- umswakama omkhulu,
- ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin A
I-Mycoplasmosis in izigwaca isakazeka isuka ezinyoni ezigulayo iye kweziyimiqemane.
- izigwaca ziba obabayo,
- ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla
- khula kancane
- ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kuyancipha.
Aspergillosis
Isifo esidalwa isikhunta.
- isikhukhamba esinobumba,
- ukudla oku-musty.
Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngohlelo lokuphefumula lwezinyoni, umgudu wokugaya ukudla.
- ukulahleka kwesifiso
- kubuthakathaka
- i-anemia,
- ukusebenzisana okungahambi kahle kokunyakaza
- iminyakazo.
Izinga lokufa kwezigwaca ezisencane lingama-60%.
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo, ukwahlukaniswa nomhlambi wabantu abagulayo
Izifo eziningi zezigwaca zihambisana nezimpawu ezifanayo. Abafuyi abazi ngaso sonke isikhathi bazi ukuthi inzuzo ephansi yokuzalanisa izigwaca kungenxa yokwehla okuphezulu. Izifo zivame kakhulu kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- ngumhlambi ogcinwe odakeni, uyakhonkotha,
- kumagumbi anomoya omncane
- nokungondleki.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile yonke imithetho yokuzalela, ukugcina nokunakekela izigwaca. Kuyadingeka ukuvimba njalo ukuvela kwezifo, ngokuyinhloko ngezinqubo zokuhlanzeka.
Imithetho yenhlanzeko
Izindlela zokuhlanzeka eziyisisekelo zokuzalela izigwaca:
- Izitsha zokuphuza zezinyoni zidinga ukugezwa ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo nsuku zonke, ikakhulukazi ngoba zivame ukudlula kulo lonke ubude bekhoji, futhi ukutheleleka kusakazekela kubo njengomlilo.
- Abondli bageza izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto.
- Imfucumfucu isuswa zonke izinsuku, futhi ezimweni ezikhethekile kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, okuqukethwe izigwaca ngokwahlukana ngokuzalaniswa, kungenzeka ukusula ikheji lokungcola zonke ezinye izinsuku, okungukuthi, isigamu samaseli nsuku zonke.
- Amabhethri wokufudumala ahlukanisa njalo ngenyanga, nensimbi nepulasitiki njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3.Ngale njongo, izinyoni ziyasuswa ekhejini, amabhethri ahlanzwa ngebhulashi elicwengeke ngesixazululo sensipho yokuwasha.
- Izindonga zeseli zibuye zigezwe ngensipho yokuwasha, ixhanjwe ngaphansi kwamanzi ampompo.
- Slots, amakhona ahlanzwa ngebhulashi yasekhishini.
- Amakheji izigwaca zokhuni ayaklanywa kusuka ku-udoti nge-spatula kanye ne-wire brashi, kugezwe ngesixazululo sikalayimu osanda kufakwa ngokufakwa kwe-3% formalin isebenzisa isibhamu sokudweba. Amagciwane abalulekile nawo ayasiza.
Iyacubungula kanye nokubulala amagciwane
Ukwelashwa kweseli kwezifo ezahlukahlukene
Isifo se-Quail | Iyasebenza ithuluzi |
izifo ze-protozoal (coccidiosis) | I-5-8% isisombululo samanzi ammonia |
izigwaca salmonalosis |
|
isifo sofuba |
|
I-Quail Cage
Imvamisa yokuzalanisa kanye nokugcina izigwaca yenziwa kumaseli. Ngezansi kwemihlahlandlela embalwa yokuthi iseli kufanele libukeke kanjani.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka okunikezwayo okuvela kubakhiqizi, iningi labafuyi bezithelo banquma ukuzenzela ikheji bebodwa. Ukwakheka nosayizi bezimele kuncike ebuqilini bomuntu owenza iseli.
Lapho udala amakheji okugcina izinkukhu zezigwaca, eminye yemithetho elandelayo kufanele ibhekwe:
- Inani eliphakeme kakhulu logwaca abantu abadala ngemitha eyi-1 yaphansi yezinyoni ezingama-40.
- Kubalulekile ukuthi amakheji wezinyoni enziwe ngezinto ezenziwe ngodonga, lokhu kuzothuthukisa impilo yekheji, ngoba ukulahlwa kwezinyoni kuthinta kakhulu izinto zensimbi.
- Ukuphakama kwekheji logwaca kufanele kube ngu-20-25 cm, lokhu kuzonikeza ukufinyeleleka komoya, ukukhanyisa, kanye nokuvimbela ukuzisika kwezinyoni ngesikhathi sokugxuma okukhulu.
- Izindonga zekheji kufanele zenziwe ngemiseyili yocingo enamaseli angama-1,0-1.3 cm noma izinduku ezisebangeni elingu-1,3 cm. Ukuvuleka okukhulu kungaholela emakhanda ezinyoni abambekile, ngenxa yalokho izinyoni zivundeka.
- Iphansi liyadingeka livulekile ngamaseli angabikho ngaphezu kuka-1 cm ngosayizi, izimbobo ezikhudlwana zingaholela ekulimaleni emilenzeni yezigwaca.
- I-lattice kumaseli okulala kufanele ithambekele kancane phambili futhi inqanyulwe ngendlela yokuthi imise iqanda. Beka ugqoko wokungcola ngaphansi kwe-hlupha.
- Ugqoko wokulahla wenziwe kahle ngopulasitiki ngoba awulungisi. Endabeni yamathreyi wensimbi, udinga ukwenza amathreyi ama-2 agcinelwe iseli elilodwa.
- Ama-feed e-Quail abekwe ngaphandle kwekheji, inyoni kufanele ikwazi ukufinyelela ku-feeder ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezihambisanayo ekheji. Ukufaka okuphakelayo ezinkanjini kuzobangela ukuthi okuphakelayo kuhlale kusakazeka. I-quail ithanda kakhulu ukusabalalisa okuphakelayo ngemilomo yazo, igqekeza ama-paws kuyo.
- Ama-feeders kufanele abe nobude obungu-6-7 cm, enziwe ngensimbi eyenziwe ngodonga, ipayipi lepulasitiki elinezimbobo. Ukubalwa kobude be feeder - 0.4 cm feeder inyoni eyodwa.
- Izitsha zokuphuza zingafakwa emgedeni nangaphandle, kepha endaweni ephakanyisiwe, ukuze ungangcolisi amanzi ngokudla okuthandwa wukuphonsa.
- Izitsha zokuphuza zenziwe ngensimbi engenacala; izimbiza zezimbali ezilungiselelwe kahle zingasetshenziswa. Amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke ngaso sonke isikhathi.
I-Quail Incubators
Ukufakwa kwamaqanda izigwaca akuyona inqubo elula ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bamachwane, kepha abanye abazalanisi bakhetha lolu hlobo lokuzalela. Ngale njongo, kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa izifakelo ezinhle ezihlinzeka izinyoni ngezimo ezingcono kakhulu zokukhula.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuphumelela ukufukamela kwezigcwaca kuqukethe izinto eziningi:
- izimo zezulu lapho iqanda lifakwe ngaphakathi
- isikhathi sokugcinwa kweqanda ngendlela efanele,
- lokushisa elifanele
- umswakama ofanele
- umoya omncane wamaqanda ngesikhathi senqubo yokufakwa.
Ngabe kudlani izigwaca?
Photo: Quail Ungqimba
I-Quail - izinyoni ezinhle kakhulu ezisebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yempilo yazo ezimeni ezinzima zaseRussia maphakathi.Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwabo kulinganisela - lezi yizimbewu, okusanhlamvu, utshani obuluhlaza (i-quinoa, i-Woodlice, i-alfalfa, i-dandelion, u-anyanisi wasendle), izimpande nezinambuzane. Endle, amachwane alezi zinyoni adla ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi: izibhungane zamabhungane, iminyundu kanye nezinye izinambuzane “ezithambile”.
Ngobudala, inyoni ishintshela ekudleni okususelwa esitshalweni - lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba uyeka ukukhula futhi udinga inani elikhulu leproteyini. Ngenkathi kubalulekile ukuthi amaphuphu akhule ngokushesha futhi aqale ukundiza, ukulungiselela indiza ende indiza ende phakathi kwamazwe namazwekazi ngenyanga eyodwa. Izinkukhu ezingadli ukudla okwanele kwamaprotheni ziyomane zife ngenkathi indiza noma ziye kwabazingeli.
Njengoba izigwaca zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengenkukhu, ukudla kwazo kuhluke kancane kwelejwayelekile “kwasendle”. Ama-cookies, njengamaprotheni ne-calcium, anikezwa ushizi we-codge oxutshaniswe ne-protein yeqanda elibilisiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa ufulawa wommbila lapho ukuze isisindo singabambeki ndawonye.
Izinyoni zabantu abadala zondliwa ngokudla okulungiselelwe izigwaca - ukudla kwenkukhu akuhambelani nazo. Zonke izinhlobo zamavithamini ne-bran zifakiwe, ukuze izinyoni zikhuluphe futhi zibeke amaqanda. Esikhundleni sokuphakelwa, ungaxuba okusanhlamvu namabele, kwesinye isikhathi unezela amaqanda abilisiwe kanye noshizi we-cottage shizi.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ngenxa ye-omnivorous, izinyoni zinggaya inyama yenkukhu ebilisiwe, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukufaka izibungu kanye nezinambuzane ekudleni “kwezibi zasendle” “zasendle”.
Izinyoni ziphinde zondliwe ngamakhambi wazo ajwayelekile, kufaka phakathi u-anyanisi oluhlaza ongazenzisi obukhali - lokhu kuqinisa ukungatheleleki kokugomela kwezinkukhu. Esikhathini sobusika, okungajwayelekile kubo, kungcono ukuthi unikeze utshani obomile obuchotshoziwe, obuhlanganiswa ne-feed ejwayelekile.
Futhi izigwaca endle nasekhaya zingadla:
- amathambo enhlanzi noma izinhlanzi,
- imbewu yelanga, okusanhlamvu okuphelele. Izinyoni zabo zitholakala emasimini ezolimo,
- uphizi, amagobolondo aqhekekile,
- usawoti.
- amagobolondo achobozekile noma amagobolondo aminyene ngokuphelele njengesengezo se-calcium.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi ungazondla kanjani izigwaca. Masibone ukuthi inyoni ihlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izigwaca zabesilisa nabesifazane
Imikhumbi iyizinyoni ezithanda ukuthula ezingenazo izindlela zokuzivikela ngaphandle kokufihla. Entwasahlobo, baya emasimini ezolimo, lapho badla khona ngezilimo futhi bambe nemifino. Kulokhu kudla, izinyoni ziyanuka ngokushesha, yingakho zifa kaningi ngesikhathi sezindiza. Izinyoni zilungiselela ukundiza lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liqala ukwehla ngaphansi kwama-degree degrees. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu asevele aqine futhi efunda ukundiza, ngakho-ke izigwaca ziduka zangena ezikoleni ezinkulu. Kepha ezifundeni lapho kuhlangana khona amazinga okushisa, izigwaca zingahlala iminyaka ephelele, yize ngokwemvelo zimiselwe izindiza.
Izindiza zezinyoni zingathatha amasonto ambalwa - phakathi "kwama-marathons" anjalo kuphela izinyoni eziqine kakhulu ezisindayo. Isibonelo, ukusuka eSiberia eseMpumalanga, ezinye izinhlobo zezikelebhu zindizela eNdiya ngesikhathi sasebusika, okuthatha amasonto amathathu nesigamu. Ekupheleni kwesizini efudumele, izigwaca zingena emihlambini emincane (kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kuyimindeni yonke enamachwane nabazali besithembu) - yindlela yokuzifudumeza ebusuku. Ukusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia bandiza ngoSepthemba futhi eduze kuka-Okthoba.
Ngenxa yamaphiko abuthakathaka kanye nomthethosisekelo womzimba okungakuthandi ukundiza, ayama njalo (ngokungafani nokugwinya noma ukuswakama okufanayo). Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni ziba sengozini yezinyamazane nabazingeli - ekugcineni kwendiza, cishe amaphesenti angama-30 wezinyoni ziyafa. Amawindi wezinyoni eziyishumi adingeka kakhulu kuwo lapho efuna imbewu nezinambuzane emhlabathini oqinile weRussia maphakathi. Kepha abakubekezeleli ukungcoliswa kwamapayipi, ngenxa yalokho, "imikhuba" yansuku zonke yezinyoni ifaka phakathi izimpaphe zokuhlanza kanye nokuhlanzwa kwengxabano eyedlulele yesidleke sayo. Ngendlela efanayo, izimpaphe ezihlakayo, zikhipha izimuncagazi ezingqubuzanayo.
Owesifazane ngamunye unesidleke sakhe - abesilisa kuphela abanaso, ngoba matasa kakhulu emsebenzini, bebheka ingozi engaba khona. Isidleke singumgodi omncane emhlabathini lapho izinyoni zigaya ngama-paws amakhulu agwabekayo. Umgodi ubekwa ngotshani obomile namagatsha.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Quail Chick
Izinyoni zidla ngamaphakethe abantu abangu-15-20. Leli nani libavumela ngokwengeziwe ukugwema ukushayisana nabazingeli futhi baphile ngenkathi kuqala ukubanda kakhulu. Kakhulu umhlambi wezinsikazi nabesilisa abesilisa abaningana, abafaka umquba izigwaca eziningana. NgoMeyi noma uJuni, lapho izigwaca zizizwa zikhula ukushisa, isikhathi sazo sokuzala ziyaqala. Abesilisa bafuna abalingani futhi bahlele ukulwa, okungakhonjiswa ngokuhlabelela ngokuthula ("umculi" omuhle kakhulu ozoba nelungelo lokushada) nasekulweni okunolaka.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ukulwa kwe-Quail, kanye nama-cockerels, kuyathandwa phakathi kwabantu, kepha akubona begazi kangako ngenxa yokungabikho kwama-spurs kuma-paws izigwaca.
Ukuthomba kowesifazane kwenzeka eneminyaka eyodwa ubudala - sekwephuze kakhulu ukuthola izinyoni ezikhula ngokushesha, kepha ukukhula sekwephuzile kunxephezela inani lamachwane angakhiqizwa ngugwayi olulodwa. Owesifazane wemba isidleke futhi asihlomisele inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Imihlambi ye-Nesting incike ekutheni umhlaba uvundile kangakanani - imvamisa itholakala eduze kwamasimu wezolimo.
Ukuhlomisa isidleke, izigwaca azisebenzisi kuphela amagatsha notshani, kepha futhi nefluff yazo. Ngesinye isikhathi, inyoni ingabekela amaqanda angafika kwangama-20, okukuningi kuqhathaniswa nezinkukhu (kathathu ngaphezulu). Owesilisa akahlanganyeli kunoma yini ekunakekeleni insikazi, kodwa akasuki esidlekeni amasonto amabili, noma ngabe elamba kakhulu futhi womile. Ngesikhathi sokuqhanyelwa, izinsikazi zisengozini enkulu kakhulu yezitha.
Ama-hatch hatch azimele futhi aqine, lapho eseneminyaka eyodwa nesigamu kuphela lapho esekhule ngokugcwele cishe cishe ngezinyoni ezindala. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala bafuna ngokuzimela ukudla, bekwazi ukuphunyula kumhlaseli. Omama bavame ukwakha uhlobo “lomkhombe” lapho iqembu lezigwaca linakekela izingane ezinkulu.
Isifiso esithuthukisiwe somama sokubeletha sinikeze omama izigwaca into ethokozisayo ebonwa ezinyoni eziningi (isibonelo, ama-pheasants kanye namaphethelo). Uma inyamazane encane enjenge-weasel noma impungushe ibonakala eduzane, izigwaca noma kunjalo ziyaphuma esidlekeni, kodwa zenze sengathi iphiko lazo lilimele. Ngama-hops amafushane, uhola inyamazane kude nesidleke, bese indizela phezulu bese ibuyela ekubumbeni - isilo sihlala singenalutho futhi silahlekelwe umkhondo wesinyamazane.
Izitha Zemvelo Yemvelo
Photo: Quail emvelweni
I-Quailing ingukudla kwabazingeli abaningi behlathi ne-steppe.
Okokuqala, yile:
- izimpungushe. Bahlasela izigwaca ebusuku, lapho bengakwazi ukunqanda ukuhlaselwa otshanini obukhulu. Izimpungushe zingenye yezitha ezinkulu zezigwaca, njengoba zisiza kakhulu inani lalezi zinyoni ngokujwayelekile,
- izimpisi. Lezi zilwane ezinkulu aziveli kakhulu ukuphuma endaweni yehlathi, kodwa ngesikhathi sokudla ziyakwazi ukulandelela izigwaca. Yize kungenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu nokuhamba kancane, izimpisi azikwazi ukubamba inyoni ebukekayo,
- i-ferrets, i-weasels, i-ermines, ama-martens. Abazingeli abanekhono bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu kulezi zinyoni, ngoba zihamba ngokushesha njengogwaca. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke banentshisekelo ngamachwane,
- amanga namaphisi. Bancamela ukulandela imihlambi yezinyoni ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini, ngaleyo ndlela bezondla ngokudla isikhathi eside,
- ama-hamsters, ama-gophers, namanye amagundane. Izigwaca uqobo ziyazithanda, kepha azinandaba nokudla amaqanda, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi zilimaza izidleke zazo uma zingafinyelela emaqanda aqandisiwe.
Izitha zemvelo azisongeli isibalo sezigwaca, ezingashiwo ngokuzingela, ngoba ngenxa yazo ukubukeka kwesiwaca esijwayelekile kunganyamalala.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Wild Quail
Quail - inhloso yokuzingela kwezemidlalo nokuzingela inyama. E-USSR, ukuzingela izigwaca kwakubhebhetheke kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukubhujiswa kwabo kwenzeka ngezimboni. Endaweni yasehlathini, izinyoni zanyamalala cishe ngokuphelele, ngalesi sikhathi izinhlobo ezimbili zomndeni we-pheasant zacekelwa phansi. Kepha ngenxa yobucwayi bezigwaca, azifanga ngokuphelele.
Iqhaza elibalulekile ekugcineni inani lezinhlobo lalidlalwa ngokuzalaniswa kwazo. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, amaJapan aphatha izigwaca zaseJapan futhi aqala ukuzalanisa emapulazini ezinkukhu. Le nyoni icishe ayizikhethanga, futhi izinhlobo zayo zagcinwa ngenqwaba yabantu. Futhi, inani lezigwaca laqala ukwehla ngenxa yesinye isici se-anthropogenic - ukutshalwa komhlaba wezolimo.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokufa kwezinyoni:
- okokuqala, ukubhujiswa kwendawo yabo yemvelo. Izinkukhu ezingakwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni ngenkathi zibopha inqwaba zifa ngaphansi kwamasondo emishini yezolimo, inqwaba
- okwesibili, ukuphathwa kwembewu nezitshalo ezondla ama-zinambuzane ezibulala izigwaca ezingakwazi ukugaya isisu sazo,
- okwesithathu, ukubhujiswa kwendawo yabo yokuhlala nokudla kwabo. Izitshalo, izinambuzane, indawo enempilo yama-steppe esezingeni elifanele yaphela lapho kulinywe inqwaba yabantu e-USSR, ngenxa yokuthi izigwaca zavinjwa ithuba lokuzala futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inani labantu lalincipha.
Kunzima ukuthi sibize ngisho isibalo esilinganayo sezinyoni, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo azikho ekuqothulweni futhi azidingi kuvikeleka. Ngenxa yokusakazeka kabanzi emapulazini amakhulu nasekhaya, izigwaca zabuyisela inani labantu engaphansi kwengxenye yekhulu, futhi inani labo liyanda.
I-Quail - izinyoni ezibalulekile emvelweni nasekhaya. Emahlathini ama-steppes, akha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla, futhi kubantu yinyama namaqanda anamnandi, akhiqizwa yizinyoni ngobuningi. I-Quail ayinzima ukuyigcina, ngakho-ke abantu bafunda ngokushesha ukuyikhulisa ngezimboni. I-Quail - Omunye wabamele "abaphumelele" kakhulu bomndeni we-pheasant.
Incazelo Nezici
Izigwaca ezivamile / zasendle zingezomndeni we-pheasant, umyalo wenkukhu. Isisindo esijwayelekile somuntu sihluka kusuka ku-100 g kuya ku-140 g. Isimo kanye nezimo zokuphila kwezigwaca zinquma umehluko wazo kwezinye izinyoni.
Lezi zinyoni zakha izidleke ngotshani obude endaweni eyisicaba: amamaki namasimu aseduze kwezidumbu zamanzi nemifula. Agijima ngokushesha. Ukudla kutholakala emhlabathini, kukhipha ungqimba ongaphezulu ngemivimbo yawo. Naphezu kokutholakala okubonakala, akulula kangako ukubamba inyoni, inamehlo abukhali nokuzwa ngisho nasebumnyameni.
Indlela yendiza iqonde "phansi emhlabeni." Zindiza kakhulu, kodwa ngokushesha, futhi zivame ukushaya amaphiko azo.
Umbala we-Motley uhlanganisa imibala nsundu naphuzi, evumela ukuthi inyoni iqhubeke ingabonakali endle. Abesifazane bahlukaniswa yisilevu nomphimbo olula kunabesilisa.
Isici esiyinhloko senyoni yasendle kwakuwukuthi kungenzeka "ukwenziwa kwekhaya" kwayo nokuzalela.
Izinhlobo zezinyoni - umkhiqizo wokuzalela owenziwe ngumuntu ngokuzalanisa kwawo ekudingisweni. Ngenkathi endle kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela.
Lolu hlobo lunomlingiswa we-cocky futhi libonisa ukuziphatha kokulwa, ukuvikela insimu noma indawo yalo eqenjini. "Izimpi" ezidumile zazisuselwe kulesi sibonakaliso.
Ukucula kwe-Quail ezejwayelekile kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka njengokukhwaza. Owesilisa uyafunga, abubula, abeke imicibisholo futhi amemeze kuye ngesimo sansuku zonke. Imisindo ejwayelekile: ukuzola okuvumelanayo okubili futhi ngokunqamula isikhashana, "wah-wah", bese kuthi "go-go" ngokuzwakalayo nangokucacile "uhambe-hamba". Owesifazane uvame kakhulu ukukhala ("gurgle"), ngesinye isikhathi kufana nokukhala.
Ama- “truail trill” avela lapho yonke imisindo ihlanganiswa.
Lalela izwi logwaca
Lolu hlobo luzolile ngokuziphatha, alwazi ukuthi luzocula kanjani (lukhala), ngoba lokhu kwakuthiwa luyisimungulu.Kwakulula kakhulu ukukhipha inyoni enjalo, okwakungokokuqala amaJapane enza eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule.
Inyoni ye-Quail inezinhlobo eziningana ezifuywayo (izinhlobo) eziye zenzeka ngokukhethwa kokufakelwa (ukukhethwa) kusuka ku-"ezifuywayo" ezithulisiwe zaseJapan.
Ukuqina kwezinhlobo zezilwane | Thayipha igama | Isisindo, g | Isisindo seqanda, g | Ukukhiqiza (amaqanda), ama-PC / unyaka |
Iqanda | IsiJapan | kufika ku-100 | kufika ku-12 | kufika ku-320 |
IsiNgisi (mhlophe) | kufika ku-170 | kuze kube 13 | kufika ku-310 | |
Inyama | UFaro | kufika ku-220 | kuze kube ngu-17 | kufinyelela kuma-300 |
ETexas | kufika kuma-350 | ngaphambi kwe-18 | kufinyelela ku-260 | |
Iqanda nenyama (kuxubekile) | Isi-Estonia | kufika ku-180 | kuze kube ngu-14 | kufika ku-310 |
I-Tuxedo | kufika ku-150 | kufika ku-12 | kufika ku-280 | |
IsiManchurian | kufika ku-190 | kufika ku-16 | kufika ku-250 | |
Ukuhlobisa | ECalifornia | kufika ku-280 | kuze kube ngu-11 | kufika ku-110 |
E-Russia, izinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile kakhulu ziyafuywa: amaJapane noFaro, kanye nezinhlobo ezitholakala ngokuwela kwazo.
I-Tuxedo
Umbala we-plumage omuhle kakhulu emndenini izigwaca ze-tuxedo (umbhali wesithombe akaziwa, ngeshwa).
Inenqwaba yezinhlamvu: isizinda esimnyama emuva nangemuva, nebala elikhanyayo ngaphambili. Kutholwe emsebenzini wokuzalela nge-English white and emnyama izigwaca. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kusuka endaweni yokubuka yokuhlobisa. Izinkomba zokukhiqiza, ngokusho kwabalimi, ziyefana nemithombo yokuzalanisa.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwama-tuxedos ukudala iziphambano zazo zenyama kanye nezigcwaca zamaqanda lapho kuxutshaniswe negazi lase-Estonia.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izingosi zokugcina izintethe zinokuthula, zibekwe kude nomhlaba. Ukudla okwanele "esidlule" okuphakelayo. Ngesikhathi ukolweni uvuthwa, izigwaca ezinamachwane asekhulile zifudukela ezindaweni "zesinkwa". Ngalesi sikhathi, bathola kakhulu isisindo, okudala inzalo enkulu yabazingeli. Isizini "izigwaca" ivula ngesikhathi sokuvunwa kwentwasahlobo (ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti).
Quail esithombeni ikhombisa kahle ikhono lokufihla. Lapho kwenzeka ingozi, iyaqhuma futhi ihlangana nemvelo. Ngokusongelwa isikhathi eside, ubaleka ngokushesha acashe. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuyahamba.
Ukuba yisidleke sokuhlaselana nokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni kwazo, izinyoni zihlala ngamaqembu. Ebusuku babuthana isiyingi, benomsila ngaphakathi. Ngale ndlela, kunikezwa unogada "wobusuku". Ngaphezu kwabantu, bayingozi:
Ukungena ngokuqinile endandeni, ungazivikela kumakhaza. Indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke ayihlukile kwezinye izinyoni. Bahlala e-Afrika, e-Indonesia nase-Eurasia. Izinyoni ezithanda ukushisa ubusika kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu.
Ukubutha isisindo ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, izinyoni zilungiselela ukundiza, ezithatha kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba, kuye ngokuthi yi-terrain. Isisindo siyadingeka ukumelana nomoya, amandla ayadingeka endizeni, futhi namafutha aqoqiwe ayasebenza ezikhathini "ezilambile" zomzila.
Imvamisa, lapho ifika endaweni efisa ubusika, izinyoni zilele isikhathi esithile, zibuyisela amandla ngemuva kwendiza ende. Ngombala, ubukhulu, indlela yokuziphatha kanye nendawo yokuhlala, umuntu osebenzisa ngokungakhathali angazidida nezinye izinyoni.
Izinyoni ze-Quail:
- thambisa,
- umdlalo weswink (i-snipe, i-hollow, udoti),
- izigwaca ezinamabala.
IsiManchurian
AmaManchurian apendwe ngemikhosi egqamile, ngombala wesihlabathi-ophuzi. Esithombeni, le nyoni ibukeka inkulu kunangempela.
Lokhu kuzalanisa kufanelekile ekukhuleni kwasekhaya njengendawo yonke. Ngokwesisindo, zingaphansi kwe-Phars (260-280 gr.), Ngokukhiqizwa kweqanda futhi (kuze kufike kuma-260 ama-PC. Ngonyaka ngamunye). Kepha isifiso sabo sasemanzini asisiphakeme njengaleso sezinhlobo zenyama, kuthi uma bewela nabase-Estonia, kutholakale izingxube ezikhiqiza kakhulu.
Umsoco
Ukudla okuyinhloko ukudla okusekwe ezitshalweni. Ukudla Kwezinyoni Ezamahhala:
- imbewu
- okusanhlamvu
- amaqabunga otshani, izihlahlana,
- ama-inflorescence amakhambi ensimu.
Ukudonsa phansi komhlaba, bambe izinambuzane ezincane, izibungu. Ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane kudingeka kakhulu amachwane. Imvamisa, izinyoni zithola ubuthi bokudla kubantu izitshalo: i-hemlock, i-cicuta nezinye.
Ezinyoni, ukungavikeleki okuzinzile kuthuthukiselwa ubuthi obunjalo. Izinto eziyingozi zingaqongelela izicubu zomzimba. Ukudla okunjalo kungaba isimanga esingathandeki kwabazingeli be- "Royal game" futhi kubangele ubuthi.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokungavikeleki okuqinile kwezibi zemvelo yemvelo, inyoni izwela kakhulu ubuthi bamakhemikhali. Umanyolo ovela emasimini, kanye ekudleni, ungadala ukufa kwale nyoni.
Ukudla kwezinyoni ezithunjiwe kuhluke kakhulu. Ekhaya, izidleke zondliwa ngamaqanda abiliswe kanzima, zichotshozwe kanye namagobolondo, ushizi we-cottage shizi, amakhambi, iyogathi bese kususwa kancane kancane ukondla.
Ezinyoni ezindala, kuhlanganiswa izilinganiso ezinobungako zezakhi eziningana. Ukuphakelwa okujwayelekile kuthunyelwe ngamaprotheni: i-cottage shizi, inhlanzi. Izithasiselo zamaminerali nazo ziyadingeka: chalk, rock rock.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isilinganiso sokuphila kwenyoni iminyaka emi-6. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila sincishiswa saba yiminyaka engama-3-4. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngezinsuku zokuqala zasentwasahlobo ezifudumele. Ezifundeni ezibandayo ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Ukuzimisela kokuqhubeka nenzalo kuvela eneminyaka eyi-izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ama-trill amade owesilisa aheha insikazi. Ezimweni eziningi, ilungelo lokuba nentombi kufanele linikezwe ezimpini. Izinyoni azakhi ngazimbili ezinzile.
Izigwaca zakha isidleke ngemuva kokuzala. Ukuze enze lokhu, ugomba umgodi ongashonile endaweni eseceleni awemboze ngotshani obomile. Owesilisa akazibandakanyi iqhaza ekwakheni isidleke nasekuqandeni amaqanda.
Amaqanda we-Quail ngmpunga emnyama enamachashazi ansundu namabala osayizi abahlukahlukene. IClutch ingafinyelela kumaqanda angamashumi amabili. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha izinsuku eziyishumi nesikhombisa. Ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu, ukuluma kuqala.
Zibambe, amachwane masinyane zifika ezinyaweni zazo. Umsebenzi uboniswa ngemuva kokuthi i-fluff isomile. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili zizelwe, amaphuphu awasadingi ukunakekelwa ngunina futhi aqale ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela.
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya nokunakekelwa
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyoni ezidayisayo ziye zaba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukubamba endle. Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi ngokuzingela, kwethulwa imingcele. Kungenzeka ukuzingela izigwaca ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokufuduka futhi kungabesilisa kuphela. Owesifazane kufanele agcinwe ukunakekela izingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni eziningi ziyafa emasimini zisuka enobuthi bamakhemikhali, lapho zivuna, futhi nangezindiza ezinde ziya ezimpini ezifudumele.
Umthengi ngamunye etafuleni wazama ukuxazulula inkinga yokubonakala kwenyama yokudla namaqanda etafuleni kumashumi ayisithupha eminyaka edlule, lapho okokuqala ngqa kwalethwa inyoni efuywayo e-USSR. Ngemuva kwalokho ukuzalaniswa kwalethwa ezingeni eliphakathi ekuqaleni kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka. Njengamanje, noma ngubani angazitholela ipulazi lakhe elincane.
Ikhaya le-Quail ivumelanisa kahle ekuthunjweni. Ihluke ngokwemvelo. Akadingi indawo angasebenza kuyo. Akunasidingo sokusonta izidleke nokuqandusela amaqanda.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-mini-quailweed, kufanele unake izincomo ezimbalwa.
Yize kukhona izigwaca “ezifuywayo” - inyoni yasendle futhi engalahlekelwanga amandla endiza. Ngakho-ke, indlela ejwayelekile yokuzalela esibayeni ayimfanele. Kusetshenziswa amaseli ekunakekelweni kwazo. Zingathengwa ezenziwe ngomumo noma zenziwe ngokuzimela emabhodini, e-plywood, e-mesh noma ezindongeni. Ukufinyelela kwabondli bezinyoni nabaphuza utshwala kufanele kube mahhala.
Usayizi we-Quail ngokwesilinganiso, ukusuka ku-16 cm kuya ku-21 cm. Indawo yekheji yezinhloso eziyi-10 kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-100 cm ngamasentimitha angama-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufaka amasaka phezulu komunye nomunye kuzokonga isikhala futhi kunikeze ukulungiswa okulula.
Igumbi elifanele izofakwa kulo amaseli kufanele lome, lifudumale, ngaphandle kokuhlelwa, lingene kahle umoya futhi livikele lesi sakhiwo elangeni eliqonde ngqo. Ukuze sandise amahora omhla wokukhanya, kudingeka ukukhanyiswa okufanele.
- Nquma kunqume nokuthi ubuke ini.
Iqanda nenyama zingahlanganiswa ngempumelelo ngokukhetha uhlobo oluxubile lwendawo yonke.Kepha kwabaqalayo kulolu daba, izigwaca zaseJapan zifaneleka kakhulu. Inokukhiqiza okuphezulu kakhulu: amaqanda angaphezu kwama-300 ngonyaka, ayidingi ukuvuselelwa njalo komhlambi futhi ayifuni kuhlobo lokuncelisa. Owesifazane uqala ukubabaza eneminyaka engama-5-6 amasonto. Ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezine, "ukubulawa" kwesisindo kuqala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuzalanisa kufanelekile uma umgomo ukuhlinzeka ngamaqanda ayisikhombisa nenyama yezigwaca nge eziyisikhombisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele uthole umnotho wezinjongo ezingama-50. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngenxa yobandlululo nokukhula ngokushesha, inani labantu lizokwanda cishe izikhathi eziyishumi ngonyaka.
Insikazi ekudingisweni ayizingeli amaqanda, ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ukubopha amachwane ezimweni zokufakelwa. Lapho bondla abantu abadala, basebenzisa ama-feed feed akhulisa umkhiqizo. Ukwengezwa kweminenke nezibungu ekudleni kwamukelekile.
I-apula egayiwe, ithanga noma isanqante kufakwa engxenyeni yokusanhlamvu ngamanani amancane. Ukugquma ngezithasiselo ezinjalo kungadala ukuqunjelwa. Abantu abadala bangezela inani elincane lesihlabathi ukulawula ukugaya. Ingxenye ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokudla yimifino. Kodwa-ke, kunohlu lwezitshalo okungafanele zingezwe kokuphakelayo.
- Iziqongo ezivela kumazambane notamatisi.
- UParsley.
- Ama-Buttercups.
- UCelery.
- ISorrel.
- I-Rye.
- Amagreyidi agqamile futhi abilisiwe.
Ngenxa yokungavikeleki okuphezulu, amaphuphu izigwaca asinda ngokulungileyo nokumelana nezifo. Amaqanda en nenyama kanye nezigcwaca yi-hypoallergenic futhi aqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo neziwusizo.
Izinhlobo zezigwaca
Kunezinyama, iqanda, inyama neqanda nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa izigwaca. Ngokuya ngezinhloso oziphishekelayo, kufanelekile ukukhetha ukuzalanisa.
Uhlobo oluphambili lwezigcwaca
- IsiJapan . Ukuzalela kunomlando weminyaka engama-900 yokuzalanisa futhi kukhiqiza amaqanda amaningi - 250-300 ngonyaka. Isisindo seqanda - 8-12 g. UQuail udla ama-30 g we feed ngosuku. Kepha abameleli bohlobo lwamaJapane abakwazi ukubamba amaqanda, izinyoni zinamahloni ngendlela engafaniyo futhi zingaphansi kwengcindezi. Isidumbu se-Quail sifinyelela kuphela amagremu angama-120-140, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa ukudla.
- Imabula . Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzalanisa kuyisitshalo saseJapan. Umlotha wemabula unikeza amaqanda angama-320 ngonyaka, awunamahloni futhi unomsindo. Amaqanda akhulu kakhulu - 15-18 g, isisindo sesidumbu - 150-200 g.Inyoni iyakhanya kakhulu - ifinyelela kuma-40-50 g ngosuku.
- IsiNgisi esimnyama . I-Quail inika amaqanda afinyelela kuma-280 ngonyaka, isisindo seqanda - kuze kube ngu-14 g, ijabulisa isimo sokuzola (icishe ifane), idla ama-35 g okuphakelayo ngosuku, ibamba amaqanda. Isisindo se-Quail - 170-200 g.
- IsiNgisi esimhlophe . Idatha yezigwaca zalokhu kuzalaniswa ifana neyomnyama, umehluko kuphela umbala wethebula.
- Ama-Kitavers. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwe-Estonia - ingxube yamaJapan, amaNgisi noFaro, uhlobo lwenyama. Ukubekwa kunika amaqanda angama-310 ngonyaka (anesisindo esingu-9-11 g), ahlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela - asinda aze afike ku-98% wenzalo. Isisindo sale nyoni ngu-180-210, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwemfuyo yenyama. I-Quail idinga cishe ama-35 g okuphakelayo ngosuku.
- UFaro. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwenyama e-USA. Isisindo sesidumbu siyahluka kusuka ku-150 siye kuma-300 g. Ngonyaka, isikhukhukazi esibekwa emhlabathini sinikeza amaqanda angama-150-210 anesisindo esingu-12-16 g futhi sidle ama-35-40 g okuphakelayo.
- I-Texas imhlophe . I-Quail isho izinhlobo zohlobo lwenyama, ama-broilers. Isisindo sesidumbu sifinyelela ku-450 g, ngakho-ke inyoni isetshenziselwa inyama kuphela. Ukuzalela kuyaziwa ngokunambitheka kwawo okuphezulu.
USihlalo we-Association of Breeders and Breeders of Exotic birds of the Republic of Moldova
Sithanda i-Texas emhlophe ne-phoenix yegolide. Lezi izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ezivela emndenini izigwaca, futhi zingabizwa ngomndeni weqanda-inyama. Isidumbu sinesisindo esingu-280-300 g ngezinsuku ezingama-45, kanti iqanda lingama-8-10 g. Singabakhiqizi bamaqanda okufakwa ngaphakathi futhi njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-9 sithenga noma sishintshana ngamaqanda okuqhamuka kwamanye amazwe (i-Austria, Bulgaria, i-Ukraine, iRussia, i-Holland, i-Romania), okunjalo Ngakho-ke, "siguqula igazi" ukuze silondoloze izinhlobo zoqobo futhi sihlukanise izidumbu.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Uma usunqumile ukuthi kungani udinga izigwaca, amaqanda noma inyama, umndeni noma imali engenayo, ungaqhubeka nenhlangano yezimo zokugcina izinkukhu. Kunamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile.
Igumbi. Ngokuhlelela ipulazi lezigwaca ezinamakhanda ayi-100- 300, igumbi lamamitha ayi-10 kufanelekile, lapho kungekho okubhaliwe, kepha kukhona umoya omncane. I-metabolism yezigwaca isheshisiwe, ngakho-ke inyoni idinga umoya omusha. Ehlobo, uma isimo sezulu sivuma, amaseli angashiywa emgwaqweni - inqobo nje uma indawo ivaliwe futhi kungekho zinkomo (i-ferrets nezinye izinyamazane).
Ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya omusha odingwa yizinyoni ngesilinganiso se-2 m³ / 1 kg izigwaca ebusika kanye nama-5 m³ ehlobo, kungafakwa i-air conditioner.
Khumbula ukuthi izigwaca azithandi imisindo ebukhali - uma kungenzeka, yenza ukuzihlukanisa komsindo.
Iseli. I-Quail - inyoni encane kakhulu. Kuyingozi ukumkhipha e-aviary. Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukugcina amachwane kanye nabantu abadala ekhejini. Ungazenzela izigwaca ngokwakho kusuka ngeseyili yensimbi enhle neqinile nephepha leplywood ngomnyango phezulu. Inyoni ngayinye kufanele ibe nobukhulu obungu-200 sq. ubone ukuthi kuwukuzalela inyama, khona-ke okungu-10% ngaphezulu.
Kodwa-ke, uma indawo ivumela, kungcono ukwakha ikheji lama-30x30 cm emndenini ngamunye wezogwaca - imvamisa abesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abahamba phambili, umuntu omdala (asikho isidingo salokho uma uhlela ukubhekana namaqanda kuphela). Lapho uqamba, khumbula ukuthi ukuphakama "kophahla" akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-25. Yenza phansi kwekhokho ngesithambeka ukuze amaqanda angene esitsheni. Setha kanye ne-pallet yedoti. Mboza ophahleni ngezinto ezithambile - izigwaca ezindizayo zingase zihlupheke uma ingaphezulu lendlu liyinsimbi. Ngenye indlela, thola amabhethri eseli eyenziwe ngomumo.
Shanela. Ngaphandle kokukhanya, izigwaca, njengezinkukhu, ngeke zidle, zithole isisindo nokujaha. Isikhathi eside sasemini, amahora angu-18-20 - isiqinisekiso sokukhiqiza okuphezulu kwezinyoni. Ukuhlukumeza lokhu akukufanele.
Musa ukugcina ukukhanya ngaso sonke isikhathi sewashi - ngaphandle kwalokho, abesilisa baba novalo kuqala, izinsikazi kungekudala. Ukuqala kokulwa, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda izigwaca kuyawa, isifiso sokudla siyanda. Emapulazini amakhulu ezinkukhu, lapho kukhiqizwa khona amaqanda ngesilinganiso sezimboni, amahora asemini emfuyo ngokugcina amahora angama-18, emva kwalokho ubumnyama nokukhanya, amahora angama-2 ahlala njalo, kungenye indlela. Uhlobo lunethonya elizuzayo ekukhiqizweni kwezinyoni.
Ukushisa. Ama-Quail kulula ukutshala maphakathi neRussia ngokunembile ngoba inyoni ayikubekezeleli ukushisa. Izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele lidlule ku-18-200 C. kwizilwane ezincane - ama-2-3 degrees phezulu. Ebusika, kuyadingeka ukushisa igumbi lapho kukhona khona amaseli, futhi ehlobo - ukupholisa, ukugwema okusalungiswa.
Uma umbuso wokushisa ungahlonitshwa, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuyancipha, futhi nokufa kungenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungakhetha uhlelo lokushisa nomoya wokupholisa umoya. Izinga lomswakama elikhulu yi-60-75%.
Ukondla. Uma uzala izinhlobo zezigwaca endlini yezwe noma endlini yezwe lapho ungekho izinsuku ezingama-7 ngeviki, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukufaka i-feedper-type feeder. Ngakho-ke, lapho ungekho, inyoni izothola ukudla. Isitsha sokuphuza esisebenziseka kalula uhlelo lwezingono. Ama-feeders, ngenhlanzeko, kungcono ukufaka ngaphandle kwesikhala seseli. Izinyoni ezondlayo kufanele zibe khona izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesikhathi sasemini ngasikhathi sinye. Ukwephulwa kombuso kugcwele nengcindezi.
Ukudla. Ukudla kwe-quail kuvame ukuqukethe ama-60% ezitshalo. Okusetshenzisiwe yi-calcium (impuphu evela emgobeni womfula), imifino (utshani, i-alfalfa, i-nettle), inhlanzi noma inyama kanye nodoti wamathambo, isidlo se-sunflower. Ngezikhathi ezithile, imifino yezimpande namazambane abilisiwe ayenezelelwa ekudleni kwezinyoni. Ungasebenzisa ukudla okuthengisiwe ngezithasiselo zamavithamini namaminerali - kuya ngohlobo lwezinwaca. Abalimi abanolwazi bacebisa uhlelo olulula: ukolweni - 30%, ummbila - 25%, ama-cockleshells womhlaba - 5%, ibhali - 5%, kanye nezinhlanganisela zezinhlanzi kanye namakhambi empeleni.
Amakati anemenyu ehlukile. Izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila, izilwane ezisencane zidla amaqanda aqotshwe kanzima abilisiwe.Okulandelayo, ukudla kuyabuyiselwa ngoshizi we-cottage kanye nokudla okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinkukhu. Amanzi wamachwane kufanele abiliswe - ukuvimbela, ithebhulethi ye-chloramphenicol ingafakwa kwisiphuzo. Ukusuka ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala, amaphuphu adluliselwa kancane kancane kwingxube yezithelo ezijwayelekile.
Ilitha. Mboza phansi kwekheji ngokhuni, ngotshani notshani. Kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe udoti njalo ukuze izigwaca "zingaweli ezinyaweni zaso." Izikhathi eziningana ngesonto, faka isitsha esinohlaka olungamasentimitha angama-2-3 kugcwaca - ukuze izinyoni zihlanze izimpaphe zazo. Ungafaka imfuyo ekreyini yomlotha ngenkathi ugeza ikheji. Isihlabathi somfula esihlanzwa kufanelekile futhi ngenxa yale njongo. Kepha ngaphambi kokuphonsa i-crate yomlotha / isihlabathi, hlola isitsha samaqanda.
Ungawakhetha kanjani amaphuphu afanele
I-Quail kunzima ukubekezelela ushintsho lwendawo yokuhlala - inyoni imvame ukuba ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okuthinta kabi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Isikhathi esingapheli, inyoni iyayeka ukubeka amaqanda, noma ngabe umgwaqo wawumfushane. Ngalesi sizathu, abantu abadala abathengiswa ukuzalaniswa - kuphela uma abanini bengahloniphi.
Ku-incubator ungathola izigwaca zansuku zonke. Abalimi abasebenza ngokukhethekile ekuzaliseni izinyoni banikela ngamachwane amasonto onke futhi kwesinye isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingama-30. Uma usuvele unesipiliyoni ekunakekeleni izigwaca nazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokuzigcina, lapho-ke ungathatha okuncane kakhulu, nge-diem ngayinye, izinyoni. Ngakho-ke ugcina ngokuthengwa kwezinhloso, futhi ukufa kuzosondela ku-zero.
Kepha uma ungenakho okuhlangenwe nakho futhi nemibandela ingeyona ehamba phambili, khona-ke kungcono ukuthatha izigwaca zanyanga zonke, esezivele zinqobile iminyaka yobudala eyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izigwaca ezikhulile zibiza amanye ama-5-6. Unquma.
Cabanga ngokukhethwa "kwegolide" - amaphuphu wezinkukhu ezenziwa masonto onke. Sekucacile ukuthi yiluphi ubulili umuntu ngamunye alulo, izindleko ziyisilinganiso, kudingeka ukunakekelwa okulingene kuphela ukugwema izifo nokufa kwezinyoni.
Ukukhethwa kwamachwane kufanele kube ngokucophelela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Hlola izigwaca, amehlo kufanele acwebe, acace, abambe isisu - omile futhi ahlanzekile, futhi uqhwaku - luqinile. Ukukhala kakhulu kukhombisa nempilo enhle yomuntu ngamunye.
Ungakhohlwa ngomlotha noma ngesihlabathi somfula - izigwaca yithuba lokuhlanza izimpaphe futhi ukhiphe izimuncagazi. Xoxa nodokotela wakho wezilwane mayelana nokugoma - ngokuya ngendawo, ukugonywa okuthile kuzonconywa. Naka iplamu - noma ukushelela kancane kubhekwa njengophawu lokugula okungathi sína. Ukuwela ezinyaweni zakho kungenye isizathu esibalulekile sokuthola uchwepheshe.
Ungawathola kanjani amaqanda avundisiwe
Ukwenza lokhu, owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane oyedwa - noma owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abane - atshalwe emangqamuzaneni. Lokhu kufanele kube ngabantu abasha abaneminyaka engu-2-8 izinyanga.
Ekuqaleni, ungawukhulisa umndeni wakho izigwaca, futhi lapho inqubo ithuthuka, khona-ke mhlawumbe ungahlela ibhizinisi elihle. Imakethe yokuthengisa ingatholakala phakathi komakhelwane, kumapulatifomu e-inthanethi, ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi.
Ipulazi le-Quail njengebhizinisi - ingabe kuyazuzisa ukuzalanisa izigwaca?
Indlela ehlanganiswe inenzuzo enkulu: ukukhiqizwa kwenyama, amaqanda, amaphuphu wokufuya, kanye nokufakwa udoti kuprotein 25% kanye ne-vermicompost 45%. Ungathola ukonga okuphakelayo kokuphakelayo - cishe izikhathi ezi-2. Amaprotheni aya kokondla, futhi i-vermicompost iya ekulimeni okuluhlaza okotshani. Futhi kuyikhambi elinemvelo.
Kancane ngokuqhutshwa k udoti kogwayi
Imfucumfucu ye-Quail icutshungulwa yizibungu ezikhulayo zezimpukane futhi zithole amaprotheni anempilo (amaprotheni) avela ku-organics. Ukusuka ku-1 ithoni yedoti ungathola cishe ama-250 kg amaprotheni aphilayo futhi amasha, awondla kahle izigwaca ngamaphrotheni ezilwane. Noma iyiphi inyoni kufanele idle okusanhlamvu, amaprotheni ezilwane (izibungu, izibungu) nokudla okuvikelekile okuluhlaza, amasheya alinganayo ekudleni kwayo kwansuku zonke.
Intengo yethani elilodwa likadoti icishe ibe ngama-dollar ayi-16-17, kanti ama-250 kg amaprotheni avela kuthani elilodwa lodoti azobiza okungenani ama-dollar ayi-140. Ukungcola kusuka kuzibungu zezimpukane ezisebenzisa udoti kungumanyolo wezinto eziphilayo.Cishe ama-200 kg ithani ngalinye lodoti osetshenziswe kabusha libiza cishe ama- $ 44. Imvelo isebenza ukucubungula imfucuza ingenise imali ngaphandle kokungenela komuntu – izibungu ezidla udoti kuphela.
Usukhona
I-Quail (i-genus Coturnix coturnix) - inyoni enombala obomvu, enesihlabathi esimpunga ingeyezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke ze-inkukhu. E-Russia, ama-subspecies amabili izigwaca ezijwayelekile ahlala ezimweni zemvelo - izigwaca zase-Europe nezizimungulu (zaseJapan). Vele okokugcina (izinhlobonhlobo zawo ezifuywayo) ngobuningi bawo kuqukethe abalimi bezinkukhu - ama-amateurs ekhaya.
Izigwaca zaseJapan, wabizwa igama lakhe okokuqala ngqa ukuthi enziwe waba sezweni lelanga eliphumayo - Japan.
Lapho, babandakanyeka ekugqumeni ngekhulu le-11, kodwa izigwaca zaqanjwa ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ngqo ngemuva kokuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu kaHiroshima naseNagasaki.
Uhulumeni waseJapan, esethole umphumela omuhle wamaqanda izigwaca ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo kwezingane, waphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwamaqanda izigwaca ezimbili yizingane zesikole isidlo sasekuseni njengomunye wemithetho yezwe. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenye yezizathu ze "simangaliso saseJapan"?
Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningi zama-izigwaca zaseJapan zitholakele ngokuzalanisa: imabula, ipharao, njll, ezibekelwe ngenhloso yokukhiqiza amaqanda nenyama, ekhaya nasendaweni yezimboni. Isisindo esiphilayo sabesilisa bezicholo ezifuywayo singaba ngu-110, izinsikazi zingafika ku-150 g. Izigwaca ezifuywayo zaseJapan ziqala ukubeka amaqanda zineminyaka engama-45 - izinsuku ezingama-50 futhi ngonyaka zibeka amaqanda angama-300 - 340 anamnandi futhi anempilo, okuyisisindo zawo kungama-10-12 g. inyama yenkukhu. Izigwaca zensikazi ezinesisindo bukhoma se-125 g, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amaqanda angama-250 kuya kuma-300 sinesisindo seqanda esiphindwe izikhathi ezingama-20- 24 kunenyoni uqobo (amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili ezinkukhu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama yezigwaca inambitha ngokweqile futhi ithathwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla. Ngale njongo, izinhlobo ezikhethekile zo izigwaca zaseJapan zezinkomba ezahlukahlukene zazaluswa - ukubeka amaqanda ne-broiler (inyama). Ama-broiler we-Quail afinyelela ngokushesha isisindo esingu-200 - 250 g, ngenkathi ubuningi bezinyoni zefomu lokubeka iqanda buqabukela kune-150 -180 g
Futhi izakhamuzi zase-Central Asia zikholelwa ukuthi izigwaca ziletha ingcebo nokuchuma endlini lapho zigcinwe khona ekheji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izindawo, amasiko agcinwe ukuhlela ukulwa kwezigwaca. Abalandeli babuye bathande izigwaca ngengoma emnandi nenesizungu.
Amaqanda ama-Quail aphakeme kunenkukhu kuzakhi eziningi zomzimba. Amaqanda izigwaca amahlanu, alinganayo enesisindo senkukhu eyodwa, aqukethe i-potassium ephindwe ka-5, i-iron izikhathi eziphindwe kayi-2,5, ama-vithamini B1 kanye ne-B2 ephindwe kabili. Amaqanda e-Quail aqukethe i-Vitamin A eningi, i-nicotinic acid, ifosforasi, ithusi, i-cobalt, nemingcele namanye ama-amino acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqanda izigwaca anamaprotheni amaningi kunezinye izinyoni zama-brood. Ukwenza isibonelo, kwizikhukhukazi, iqanda liqukethe amaprotheni angama-55.8%, kwizigwaca - 60%.
Ezinyoni eziningi ze-brood, i-egghell yakha ngaphezu kwe-10% yesisindo seqanda lonke, izigwaca - yi-7.2% kuphela. Igobolondo lamaqanda izigwaca linemibala, buthaka kakhulu, kepha linesikhumba segobolondo eliqinile nelinamandla. Umbala wegobolondo lamaqanda izigwaca u-motley kakhulu, ufana namatshe amatshe olwandle futhi uhluka kusuka kumnyama kakhulu kuya kokumhlophe okumsulwa.
Amaqanda e-Quail ayisethi ehlanganisiwe yezinto eziphilayo ezidingekayo kubantu, futhi akukho-cholesterol kuzo. Ezincwadini kunobufakazi bokuthi ezikhathini zasendulo, amaqanda nenyama yezigwaca ayesetshenziswa emithini yendabuko yaseChina. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokufakwa ezindlini nokukhethwa kwezigwaca eJapan. Ngisho nangesikhathi semi-pharao eGibhithe, inyama yezigwaca yayithathwa njengezinto zokuphilisa. EJapan, amaqanda izigwaca abomvu kanye nojusi wewolintshi nawo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-asthma.
Amaqanda e-Quail angumkhiqizo wokudla obalulekile onganconywa ekudleni kwezingane nabadala kwezifo eziningi.Azigcini nje ngokubangela izehlakalo zokwaliwa ngisho nakulabo bantu amaqanda enkukhu atshayelwe umthetho, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi bayakucindezela. Iprotheni ekhethekile (ovomukoid) equkethe amaqanda izigwaca iphatha komzimba.
Futhi amaqanda izigwaca asetshenziselwa ukugcobhoza esikhunjeni sobuso nasekhanda. Zinama-amino acid amaningi abalulekile, phakathi kwawo kukhona i-tyrosine, esiza nge-metabolism futhi ikhuthaza ukwakheka kombala futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubukeka okunempilo.
Futhi nakhu okwabhalwa umagazini we-OGONEK uNo. 38 -1997 ngezakhi zokupholisa amaqanda izigwaca. Lo mbhalo wawunesihloko esithi “Amaqanda Kahulumeni. Quail ngokumelene nemiphumela yokutheleleka ngemisebe ":
"Es sanatorium yezingane eLuki esifundeni saseVitebsk, amaqanda izigwaca asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izingane ezincane eziwela endaweni yaseChernobyl. Kuqokwe izingane ezingama-56 kusuka eminyakeni eyi-6 kuye kwayi-13 enenkulisa ephelele yezifo. Kulezi, izingane ezingama-30 zithathe amaqanda izigwaca izinsuku ezingama-45 (amaqanda angama-226 ngesikhathi ngasinye sokubona), kwathi izingane ezisele ezingama-26 zakha iqembu elilawulayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, akukho kuphikisana okungekuhle okwaphawulwa, ngisho nasezinganeni ezine-asthma ye-bronchial.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isifiso sokudla ejwayelekile ezinganeni, ukukhathala nobuhlungu enhliziyweni wanyamalala, izikhalazo zokuba nesiyezi namakhala kwancipha. Odokotela bakhiphe isinqumo: ukubona amaqanda izigwaca njengomkhiqizo obalulekile wokudla futhi ubancome ekwelashweni kwabantu abathola imisebe. Amaqanda esikhundleni semithi ebizayo nezindawo zokuphumula ezingenakufinyeleleka. "
Kuneminye imininingwane eminingi yomphumela wokwelapha emzimbeni wokusetshenziswa kwamaqanda izigwaca njalo.
Ukuthola isethi yama-microelements edingekayo, umuntu omdala uyanconywa ukuba aphuze amaqanda izigwaca ama-4-6 nsuku zonke, nengane - 2 kuya ku-3.
Ukuncipha ngaphansi kwezimo zokuboshwa, okuphakelayo, imvelo ethambile yalezi zinyoni, ama-trill amnandi abesilisa kanye nokubekwa cishe nsuku zonke kwesende elincanyana elinamachashazi kwenza okuqukethwe kwalo kuthakazelise ama-Amateurs.
OKUQUKETHWE YI-ADULT Quarters.
Kulesi sihloko sizobheka izinhlobo zohlobo lwezigwaca ezithandwa kakhulu - isiJapan, ezinye izinhlobo zo izigwaca zihlukile kancane kokuqukethwe futhi zizalaniswa kusuka eJapan.
Lapho ugcina izigwaca zaseJapan ngenhloso yokuthola amaqanda okudla, owesilisa akudingekile nakancane, ngoba izigwaca zizothwalwa ngaphandle kowesilisa, kodwa ngicela ungazinciphisi injabulo yokubona izigwaca ezinakekelayo nezisebenzayo!
Uma umgomo wakho kungewona nje ukuthola umkhiqizo omnandi futhi ophilile kusuka kwizinyoni, kodwa futhi nokuzama ngokwakho njengomqondisi wepulazi lezinkukhu ezifuywayo, khona-ke izigwaca - udinga nje owesilisa!
Okokuqala, kungcono ukuthola izinyoni ezincane (1-1.5 izinyanga). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinyoni ezincane zithutha kalula ukuthutha ziye endaweni entsha yokuhlala, ukujwayela umbuso omusha nokudla kokudla nokondla amahora wehora.
Lapho ukhetha inyoni, hlola izimpaphe ezizungeze i-cloaca. Bangcolile? Ngabe uqhwaku lomile futhi ngaphandle kokuvuthwa? Ingabe kukhona amaconsi ahlanganisiwe kanye nobumdaka emigqonyeni yezikhafu? Le nyoni akufanele ibe ngaphezulu ngokweqile noma ibe mnene kakhulu. Ukuphefumula kufanele kube ngaphandle kokushaya noma ukushaya ikhwela. Ngokwesimo sokugula, le nyoni ayinabala, idangele.
I-Quail ingagcinwa ezindaweni ezivalekile, emakhejini, noma ngisho kunoma yiliphi ibhokisi, ngenkathi iqinisekisa imodi yokukhanya eyanele. Ikheji elinosayizi phansi phansi elingu-30x30 cm lilungele ukugcinwa okuhlanganyelayo kwezinsikazi ezingama-3-4 nowesilisa oyedwa (lokhu kungu "umndeni" ogcwele izigwaca), ukuphakama kwekheji kungama-20-25 cm. Indawo ephansi enkulu ithinta kabi umkhiqizo wezinyoni. Uma ukuphakama kwekheji kungaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama-25, khona-ke kufanele nakanjani wenze uphahla olulula (welula noma yiziphi izicubu ezithambile ngaphakathi kwekheji, ngokwesibonelo, isikhululi esingububanzi obungu-2-3) ukuze izinyoni zingaphuli amakhanda. Ama-Quail andiza "amakhandlela" phezulu futhi angalimaza amakhanda abo.
Ngaphakathi kwekheji, akudingeki izidleke noma izigxobo, ngoba izigwaca azihlali kuzo, bese zigijimela phansi phansi. Iphansi lekheji lingambozwa ngotshani, hay, sawdust, shavings, iphephandaba bese lishintsha udoti njengoba liba ngcolile.Kuzodingeka kuhlinzekelwe izigwaca ezikhanyayo kungakapheli amahora angama-17 ukuya ku-20, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze izinyoni ziqale ukubeka amaqanda ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, imodi yokukhanya iyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzama imodi yokukhanya, ungathola amaqanda amabili ngosuku kusuka kwezinye izinyoni, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, amahora amade wokukhanya kosuku angadala ulaka ezinyoni, futhi azoqala ukulwa phakathi kwawo, okungaholela ekuthini kuze kufike ekufeni kwenyoni. Uma izinyoni zakho ziqala ukulwa, khona-ke kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuqinisekisa abapheki, isibonelo: ukutshala okunolaka
inyoni kwelinye ikheji, noma ngqo ekhejini elivamile yenza ukwahlukanisa okusobala (ukubopha uthango ekhoneni) bese ubeka umbhali lapho. Noma ukunciphisa imodi yokukhanya kwezinyoni, ungamane wenze mnyama ikheji, noma uma lokhu kungasizi, ungaletha ikheji kunoma yiliphi igumbi elimnyama futhi ulibambe lapho izinsuku ezingama-3-5. Kepha ungakhohlwa nge-feed!
Amazinga okushisa asekamelweni lapho uzoqukatha khona izigwaca akufanele awele ngaphansi kuka + 16º C, ngaphandle kwalokho izigwaca ngeke sisheshe, futhi ekushiseni okungu-0 + 5º C, angafa nakancane. Igumbi lapho kufakwa khona amakheji izigwaca kufanele lifudumale, lome, kube nomoya omuhle, kunikeze umoya omusha. Ukudonswa komoya omusha akufanele kuhambisane nokusalungiswa. Enye yezimpawu zokuqala zokuba khona kokusalungiswa ukulahleka kwezimpaphe ezinyoni.
Emakamelweni lapho kugcinwa izigwaca zabantu abadala, umswakama wesihlobo akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-55 futhi ngaphezulu kwama-75%. I-optimum ingama-60 - 70%.
Amazinga okushisa agcinwa ngezinga lama-20- 22 ° C, ukuguquguquka kusuka ku-16 - 25 ° C kuvunyelwe .. Lezi yizinga lokushisa elilungile, elikhonjisiwe kuyo yonke incwadi yezinkomba kokuqukethwe izigwaca. Kuyiqiniso, uma izigwaca zigcinwa efulethini ledolobha, khona-ke leli zinga lokushisa lizonakekelwa ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
Cishe kanye ngesonto, izinyoni zidinga ukuhlela izindawo zokugeza umlotha, ngoba lokhu udinga isitsha esihlukile, esijule ngokwanele lapho udinga ukuthulula khona umlotha, izinyoni zizokubonga kakhulu! Ama-Ash bath adingekayo ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezinambuzane ezifuyweni zakho.
Uma ufuna ukugcina izinyoni endaweni yezindiza, khona-ke uphahla kudingeka ukuthi lwenziwe ngaphezu kwamamitha elilodwa nesigamu, khona-ke ngeke zifinyelele phezulu kwe-aviary. Esikhathini sendiza, imindeni eminingana izigwaca ingagcinwa ndawonye.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlomisa amakheji izigwaca ngezitsha zokuphuza ezikude nama-feeders. Ukudla namanzi kuzoba ngaphandle kwekheji, futhi izinyoni zinamathele amakhanda zazo ngemigoqo. Lokhu kudingekile ngokuyinhloko ukusindisa okuphakelayo, hhayi okokugcina ukuze kugcinwe inhlanzeko emgedeni nasezindlini. Uma ufaka abondli ngaphakathi kwekheji, khona-ke izigwaca, njengabaningi bezinkukhu, zizokhuphuka ngezinyawo zazo “etafuleni” futhi konke ukudla kuyindiza ngezindlela ezihlukile, ezansi kwekhokhoji naphansi kwephasi, kufaka phakathi.
Izigwaca zondliwa kabili, kathathu ngosuku, okungcono ngasikhathi sinye, uqiniseke ukuthi ukudla okuphakelayo kuphela kungapheli imizuzu engamashumi amathathu ngemuva kokuba sekuhanjiswa. Usuku lwesigwayi esisodwa selanele 25-30g. stern. Kusetshenziswa izigwaca ngokweqile!
Ukuphakelwa okulinganiselwe kokufakwa kwezikhukhukazi kulungele kangcono njengokudla kogwayi, kungukudla okunokulinganisela, okuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizweni kwezigwaca, kepha uma ungenalo ithuba lokuphakela izigwaca ngokudla okuhlanganisiwe - akunandaba. Kuyinyoni ecishe imnandi. Kungondliwa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla okusanhlamvu noma okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe okusetshenziselwa ukondla izinkukhu. Ama-Quail athanda imifino eqoshiwe ye-dandelion, nettle, yarrow, ikhukhamba yotshani, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema. Kuhle kakhulu uma ebusika uhlanganyela nabo ulethisi osukhule ezimweni zangaphakathi, u-anyanisi oluhlaza, okusanhlamvu okuhlumile.
Izinyoni zidla ngokuzithandela ukuhlanza kusuka kuma-beet, ukhukhamba, amathanga, i-zucchini, izaqathe, iklabishi, imbewu engafakwanga yelanga. Unganikeza amazambane abilisiwe kanye ne-vermicelli. Ungacwilisa izingwegwe ngesobho.Qiniseka ukuthi ungeza izinhlanzi kanye nokudla kwethambo, noma nje inhlanzi, ekudleni kwenyoni. Ungamane uguqule inhlanzi eluhlaza noma ebilisiwe ku-grinder yenyama bese uxuba le pulp ekunikezeni.
Ngokufanele ekudleni kwezinyoni, endaweni eyondlayo ehlukile, kufanele kube namatshe amatshe amancane, noma isihlabathi esihlanganayo, izinyoni ziyazidinga ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwesisu.
Kubalulekile ukwengeza ama-premixes anjenge-Ryabushka, iLanga, njll., Kumxube wokuphakelwa, izithasiselo zamaminerali: ushoko, isigaqele, lime.
I-Quail ihamba kahle ngokudla okuphilayo kwamaprotheni, izimbungulu - izicabucabu, futhi ikakhulukazi imihlonyane yasemhlabeni, lokhu kuyiholide nje kubo! Ehlobo, lapho ngeminye iminyaka iminenke eminingi nama-slugs ehlukaniswa engadini nasezivandeni, angasebenza njengokudla okuhle kwezigwaca. Kulokhu, izinambuzane zasengadini ziyavela zilusizo, ziqoqwa ngokukhethekile izinyoni.
Futhi, izinyoni zidla ngokuzithandela ushizi wezinkukhu, amaqanda abilisiwe, iyogathi kanye nommbila ochobozekile. Kuyasiza kwesinye isikhathi ukufaka amaconsi ambalwa ka-oyili wezinhlanzi kokuphakelayo.
Kwenqatshelwe ukunikeza iziqongo zeziqalo zikatamatisi, amazambane, ubisi, i-parsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, imifino kanye namajikijolo asondelene, wonke ama-buttercups, i-tansy, i-sorrel, okusanhlamvu okuyi-buckwheat kanye nemifino, okusanhlamvu okuyi-rye nama-lupins.
Izinga lokondla lingahlulelwa ngamandla e-Shelli yamaqanda kanye nesimo sokudonsa kwezinyoni. Imfucumfucu ejwayelekile yokuguquguquka kwesimo esimnyama, ngombala omnyama ngombala omhlophe we-uric acid. Ukuvela kokudonsa koketshezi kombala oluhlaza okotshani noma okubandakanya igazi kukhombisa ukugula kwesinyoni. Izithonsi eziphuzi ziwuphawu lwama-carbohydrate amaningi. Ngomhudo, kuyasiza ukunikeza i-oatmeal noma umhluzi welayisi esikhundleni samanzi.
Amanzi asezinyoni kufanele ahlanzeke njalo futhi asha, futhi abiliswe njalo, emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
Yize izigwaca zimelana nezifo, zona uqobo zibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba azikwazi ukugonywa, zingagonywa, okusho ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho izoba nobungani bemvelo, kwesinye isikhathi izigwaca zidinga ukuvikeleka okuncane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, esikhundleni samanzi, ungathela isisombululo esibuthakathaka sepinki se-potanganum permanganate (potassium permanganate), noma ngokuqeda engilazini yamanzi abilisiwe ithebhulethi eyodwa ye-levomycetin, bese uyihluza ngo-1: 10, uthele lesi sixazululo kubaphuze. (Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, hlanganisa 1: 2).
UKUFAKA, UKUKHANGELA NOKUKHULA KWABASHA.
Esezinhlelweni zokufakelwa izigwaca zasendle, le nyoni ilahlekelwe ngokuphelele yimvelo yokuzalwa. Futhi ukuze uthole ukukhula kwezihlwadlana abasha kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ama-incubators.
Kunenamba enkulu yemiklamo ye-incubator, kepha kusengcono ukusebenzisa ama-incubator ngokufaka kweqanda okuzenzakalelayo noma okuzenzakalelayo. I-incubator elula kakhulu ingenziwa kalula ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ebhokisini elijwayelekile lekhadibhodi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ebhokisini, udinga ukubeka uhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezithambile, ungageza noma imichilo, ubeke amaqanda izigwaca, akukho ngaphezu kwama-PC angama-20. Banesivinini esijwayelekile sezokwelapha kubo, bese behlisa isibani sikagesi esivamile esinesibani sesibambo ngaphezulu kocingo. Ngokulungisa ukuphakama kwesibani, udinga ukuthola ukufundwa kwe-thermometer phakathi kuka-37,5 - 38,5 º C. Eduzane namaqanda asesibhokisini udinga ukubeka isoso esivamile ngamanzi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi kuhlale kunamanzi esosweni. Amaqanda adinga ukuguqulwa izikhathi ezingama-3-5 ngosuku. Kepha lokhu impela kuyingozi yomlilo. Qaphela!
Amaqanda agaya izigcobo akhethwa ukuthi afukiselwe, zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-7 ngemuva kokubekwa, efomini elifanele, enesisindo esingu-9 - 11 g. uwafake kufakwe ngaphakathi. Amaqanda ngokukhethekile usayizi ofanayo. Izinga lokushisa lokufakwa ngaphakathi liyizi-37,5 - 38,5 38 C. Umswakama 65 - 75%. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda izigwaca yizinsuku eziyi-17. Isiphetho kwesinye isikhathi sinomusa kakhulu, siphela emahoreni angama-5-6 ngemuva kokuqanjwa kwenyathi yokuqala.
Qiniseka ukuthi ubeka inethi eline-mesh elihle (inetha lomiyane) phansi kwesifudumezi, ukuze kuthi uma uqasha, amaphuphu angaweli emgqonyeni wamanzi. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, amaphuphu afakwa ebhokisini eliphakeme, kanti phezulu livaliwe ngemisevu yensimbi, kuhlinzeka izinga lokushisa elisezingeni lama-35 - 38º C, futhi zigcinwa ngaphakathi kwale mikhawulo kuze kuphele amasonto amabili, khona-ke izinga lokushisa lincishiswa ekushiseni kwegumbi ngasekupheleni kwesonto lesine. Ukushisa okusebhokisini kungalungiswa ngokukhulisa, kwehlise isibani sikagesi ebhokisini.Empeleni, izigwaca uqobo lwazo zizokukhombisa ukuthi zilungile yini kubo, uma zinqwabelana futhi zihlala zikhonkotha, kusho ukuthi ziyabanda, futhi zidinga ukukhuphula ukufudumala ngokwehlisa isibani eduze kwaphansi kwebhokisi, uma kungenjalo, zime zodwa ebhokisini zivulekile imilomo, noma ulala uzungeze ububanzi bebhokisi, udinga ukukhulisa isibani kancane.
Ngemuva kokuqokwa, amaphuphu ahamba kakhulu futhi ayasebenza, futhi ngemuva kwamahora amathathu angagxuma izithiyo eziphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-20, yize isisindo sawo singama-6-8 g kuphela. Izinkukhu zibukeka njengama-bumblebees amakhulu, ene-fluff brown kanye nemivimbo emibili elula ngemuva. Banomkhuba wokucasha ekhoneni noma kunoma iyiphi igebe noma umgodi, futhi bangafa, qaphela kakhulu!
I-Quail kusuka emahoreni okuqala ngemuva kokuqokwa iyakwazi ukudla ngokuzimela. Ngenxa yokukhula kwawo ngokushesha okukhulu kanye nentuthuko, adinga ama-feeds aphezulu kumaprotheni, amavithamini kanye namaminerali. Ukuzondla ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-2-2 kuqukethe amaqanda abunjiwe abilisiwe, okumelwe athululelwe esitsheni esanele futhi hhayi emude. Kusukela ngosuku lwesithathu ungaxuba ukhokho ushizi kanye nommbila crusher, okuphakelayo okungcono kokudla kwenkukhu. Ekupheleni kweviki lokuqala, ungaqala ngokunika imifino ebunjiwe. Kusuka kuviki lesibili ungadlulisela ngokuphephile kokuphakelwa okukodwa kwenkukhu "yenkukhu". Futhi kusuka kumaviki amathathu kuya kwayi-4 ungondla njengezinyoni ezindala
Khula izigwaca ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezinyangeni ezimbili zandisa ubunzima bazo amahlandla angaphezu kwama-20. Izinkukhu ngesikhathi esifanayo zikhulisa isisindo sazo ngezikhathi eziyi-14 kuphela. Lokhu kukhombisa izinga lokukhula okuphezulu, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-metabolism eqinile kuogwaca.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala ngenhloso yokuvimbelwa kwezifo ukuphuza isixazululo sesihlungu se-potassium permanganate, noma i-chloramphenicol, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
Izitsha zokuphuza emavikini amabili okuqala kufanele zisetshenziswe i-vacuum kuphela (ngokuqondene nezinyoni ezijwayelekile zasendlini), kwezinye izigwaca zimane zaminza! Amanzi kufanele abiliswe futhi izinga lokushisa lenhla ngaphezu kokushisa kwegumbi.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-14 zokuphila, ukukhanyiswa kwewashi kusetshenziselwa ukwenza izigwaca, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuya esikhathini sezinsuku ezingama-45, amahora okukhanya kwelanga ancishiswa abe ngamahora ayi-17.
Kumaviki amathathu, izigwaca kumele zihlukaniswe ngocansi ukuze zikhiqizwe ngokuhlukile, ngalesi sikhathi sezivele zingahlukeka ngokusobala. Emadodeni, intamo nesifuba kunephunga elimnyama elibomvu ngombala elinamachashazi amnyama; kwabesifazane, iplamu esifubeni limpunga okhanyayo ngamachashazi amakhulu amnyama. (Ngokuvamile, kunzima ukwambula abesilisa nabesifazane, lokhu kuza nesipiliyoni kuphela).
Amadoda akhula ngokuphelele emavikini angama-8 ubudala, futhi ezinsukwini ezingama-35 kuya kwengama-40 afinyelela ekukhuleni. Izinsikazi zikhula isikhathi eside futhi zifinyelela isisindo bukhoma se-130 - 135 g ngamaviki eminyaka engu-9. Bonke abesilisa abedlulele babekwa emakhejini ukuze bondliwe.
UKUFUNA, UKULUNGISELELA IZIMBALI ZOKUTHENGA.
Kuyadabukisa ukubhala le ngxenye yendatshana, kepha isikhathi sesifikile futhi kuyadingeka ukulungiselela inyoni ukuthi ihlatshwe. Noma kunjalo, izigwaca kithi, hhayi okuphambene nalokho ...
Ngenhloso yokukhuluphala, zizokhalala zineminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-30, zihlukaniswe ngocansi. Bonke abesilisa nabesifazane abangaphansi ngokweqile badluliselwa eqenjini elinokhuluphele. Ukuze fattening zingasetshenziswa amabhendi ezikhethekile zezilwane abasha, njengoba umthetho, isiqondisi se-broiler. Ngesikhathi sokukhuluphala, owesilisa nowesifazane bafakwa emakhejini ahlukahlukene. Kuzobekwa izigwaca ezingama-30 kuya kwe-40 ekhejini ngalinye, indawo yezinyoni ekhanda ngalinye
8,5 cm2.
I-Fattening yenziwa emakamelweni okushisa kwe-20-24 ° C. Imodi yokukhanya ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe bokuphaka izinyoni kwabantu abadala. Ukukhanyisa akunangqondo, kungcono ukwenza mnyama amaseli. Kusihlwa, abesilisa abalwi, abahambisi okuncane, okusho ukuthi bachitha amandla amancane futhi basebenzise ukudla okwedliwayo ngenkuthalo.
Imikhumbi idliwa izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngosuku ngosuku lwesikhangiso. Ekuseni nakusihlwa baphakela ingxube eluhlaza (i-nettle, ummbila, amabele) nge-5% yokuphaka kwamafutha (amafutha wezobuchwepheshe noma i-fuse).
Isikhathi sokutholwa kwamafutha sinqunywa ikakhulu yisikhathi sokukhula kwezigwaca, okuphela kokuphela kosuku lwango-56.Abesilisa abangaphezulu kwenyama bangahlatshwa beneminyaka engama-56 - ezingama-63. Owesifazane uhlatshwa inyama lapho kuphela isikhathi esibanzi - imvamisa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-11 kuya ku-12, lapho inyoni ifinyelela isisindo bukhoma ku-120-140g.
Ngaphambi kokubulawa, izigwaca zigcinwa ngaphandle kokuphakelwa okungenani amahora angama-4-6. Ngalesi sikhathi, nikeza inyoni amanzi angenamkhawulo.
Ukuhlaselwa kwenziwa endaweni ehlomethwe ngokukhethekile. Ikhanda linqunywa ngesigqoko esincane, noma ummese omkhulu obukhali. Ngemuva kokuthi ingilazi yegazi, i-paws ku-shin namaphiko kokuhlanganiswa kokuqala inqunywe ngesikele esikhulu, isidumbu sithathwa nentambo kude nawe, isisu phezulu. Izithupha zezandla zombili zitholakala esiswini, iminwe eseleyo evela ngezansi ibambe umhlane. Ngokunyakaza okubukhali kwezithupha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, isikhumba esiswini siqhuma, bese sikhishwa njengokhozi. Kube sekuza ukuphuma kwesidumbu (ungasebenzisa umunwe wakho). Ngekhono elithile, yonke inqubo yokuhlatshwa nokuhlanjululwa ithatha imizuzwana engu-15 - 20.
ISIQINISEKISO SESIQINISEKISO SEBANDLA SE-MEAT KANYE EGGS EGGS.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakuphekelwa izitsha zenyama eyenziwe izigwaca eRussia. Kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka ezahlukahlukene ezincwadini zamapheki zasendulo zaseRussia. Kulezi zindlela zokupheka, inyama yezigwaca zasendle, ezazizingelwa, yayisetshenziswa ngaphambili. Manje ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa inyama yezigcwaca ezifuywayo.
Njengamanje, inyama yamaqanda izigwaca kanye namaqanda njengemikhiqizo yokudla edliwayo kukhiqizwa emazweni ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi eyethu, eRussia.
Ukusuka kwenyama yezigwaca, ungapheka zonke lezo zitsha ezilungiselelwe kusuka enyameni yanoma iyiphi inyoni (ngokwesibonelo, inkukhu). Kepha kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka zokulungiselela izitsha ezisuka enyameni yezigcwaca (ezinikezwe, mhlawumbe, inani lokudla lenyama yezigwaca nosayizi omncane wezigcwaca zona ngokwazo).
I-Quail enezinongo ku-grill - kwiprosesa yokudla, i-1 i-clove yegalikhi, usawoti, isipuni esisodwa sembewu ye-caraway kanye ne-coriander, u-anyanisi omncane ongu-0,5. a ziwuthenga ngezipuni of coriander oqoshiwe, ingcosana yomhlaba cayenne capicum, 2 tbsp. isipuni samafutha omnqumo. Spread le boima lezidumbu zezigwaca. Mboza bese umela amahora ama-2. Bhaka ku-grill, uguqule njalo, imizuzu eyi-10-15, kuze kube yilapho izigwaca isilungile futhi imbozwe ukhrisimu.
Khonza kumaqabunga amagilebhisi, ngezilayi ze-parsley nezolamula. Esikhundleni se-grill, ungasebenzisa kuhhavini.
I-quail enamafutha ajulile - geza izidumbu nosawoti. Faka izidumbu epanini elinamafutha abilayo (ibhotela noma i-ghee ne imajarini) ukuze zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngamafutha, vala ipani ngesivalo bese uletha kumathumba. Ngemuva kwalokho faka i-pan kuhhavini ku-medium, bese ubeka emlilweni ophansi imizuzu engama-50-60. Ukunquma ukulungela kwenyama kufanele kuthathwe ngumlenze, kufanele ihlukane kalula nesidumbu. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, gazinga epanini lokuthosa izingcezu zesinkwa esimnyama emafutheni, lapho izigwaca zidluliselwe khona. Beka isinkwa esithosiwe esitsheni, faka isidumbu esilungiselelwe engxenyeni ngayinye yesinkwa, ukuhlobisa ngemifino bese ukhonza okushisayo.
I-quail ku-ukhilimu omuncu nge-dessert ushizi - Usawoti, gutted futhi uhlanze kahle izigwaca usawoti kanye gazinga epanini kawoyela, onsundu kahle kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Faka epanini, engeza umhluzi bese kufakwa emlilweni ophansi kuze kuphekwe. Thela ufulawa epanini, engeza ufulawa, inkathi nosawoti, uhlanganise kahle namafutha asele kusukela kukawoyela, uthele izinkomishi ezi-2 zomhluzi, ubilise le ngxube kuze kube uqweqwe, hlanganisa no-ukhilimu omuncu, usawoti ukunambitha bese ufaka izigwaca ezihlosiwe kule soso. Qhubeka ubambe kuze kube ukubila. Khonza amadombolo ushizi esitsheni esiseceleni.
Amadolo okupheka: gaya izikhupha, hlanganisa noshizi we-grated ne-semolina, usawoti, ake ume amahora angama-2-3. Ngemuva kwalokho hlanganisa ngamaprotheni ashayiwe bese ugqoka ithawula elimanzi, unikeze isisindo isimo se-roller. Songa ngokuqinile esitsheni, bopha imiphetho yaso ngokuqinile futhi, lapho usuqede umphetho ngentambo, ubeke umqulu emanzini abilayo anosawoti.Lapho umqulu ukhuphuka, uwususe ngokucophelela ngokuvula ingubo. Sika umqulu ube yizicucu eziyindilinga, uhlele uzungeze isidlo sezingwaca bese uthelela isoso.
I-quail ngamagilebhisi - Preheat kuhhavini ekushiseni kwe-190ºС. Shisisa uwoyela epanini elisindayo lobumba obukhulu ngokwanele ukuze lwanane nazo zonke izigwaca ungqimba olulodwa. Faka u-anyanisi nozaqathe epanini bese ubasa umlilo imizuzu emi-4-5. Pepper nosawoti izigwaca ngaphandle nangaphakathi, faka ucezwana ubhekeni ngakunye bese uyigqoka ngentambo. Beka izigwaca emifino bese ubhaka kuhhavini imizuzu engama-30.
Usebenzisa udaka nopestle ngasikhathi sinye, gaya pepper peppers kanye negalikhi, bese ufaka uhhafu wamagilebhisi, i-nutmeg, iwayini newayini. Thela izigwaca ngomxube bese uwushiya ngomlilo imizuzu engama-30, uthele kuzo i-gray ngezikhathi ezithile. Faka wonke amagilebhisi, bese uthela ngokucophelela i-gravy epanini. Beka izigwaca endaweni efudumele. Bilisa uketshezi uze uqweqwe, bese usawoti kanye nopelepele ukunambitha. Dlulisa izigwaca, i-ham, imifino kanye namagilebhisi endishini efudumele bese uthele usoso.
Izigwaca ezithosiwe - usawoti bese ugeza izidumbu ezithosiwe epanini elijulile. Mboza bese ubeka kuhhavini. Ngomlilo ophansi, izigwaca zizolunga ngemizuzu engama-40 - 50. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kumele ziniselwe ngejusi eliphumayo. Hlobisa isidlo ngamaqanda izigwaca ezinzima abilisiwe.
I-Quail ebhakwe kwithanga - Geza ithanga elivuthiwe bese usika phezulu kulo. Musa ukulahla ingxenye esikiwe. Susa imbewu nengxenye yepulpotho kwithanga ngesipuni ukuze uvumelane nokugcwaliswa. Sika izigwaca ezilungiselelwe zibe ngama-halves, usawoti kanye gazinga ku ibhotela elifudumele kuze kube
ukwakheka komhubhe (imizuzu engama-2-3). Fry ahlukaniswe nge-bhotela kubhotela kuze kwegolide. Izithelo zalesi sidlo zingahluka kakhulu, zintsha futhi zomiswe. Sika izithelo ezintsha zibe yizicucu, zomile, zihlanze kahle, cwilisa emanzini uze uvuvukale.
Kwithanga elilungiselelwe, qala ngokubeka irayisi elibilisiwe elihlanganiswe no-anyanisi othosiwe, bese izingcezu zenyama zithosiwe, uthele izithelo phezulu, engeza ucezu lwebhotela. Vala ithanga ngenhla ebunjiwe, uyiqinise ngezimbobo ezimise okotshani obukhulu. Gcoba ithanga ngamafutha ubhake kuhhavini oshiswe kahle. Isikhathi sokubhaka - amahora ama-2-3. Beka ithanga eliphelile esitsheni, lihlobise ngamakhambi, iminqumo.
Kungcono ukusika ithanga ngqo etafuleni lokudlela ngocezu kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Ekukhonzeni ngakunye, faka ucezu lwethanga, uhhafu izigwaca, ilayisi ngezithelo.
I-Quail ethosiwe epanini - izidumbu ezigeziwe ezisikiwe esiswini, zishaywe, zaqina imilenze emaphaketheni. Usawoti, ukotela negalikhi, gcoba ukhilimu omuncu kanye gazinga epanini kuze kube nsundu wegolide. Njengesitsha esisehlangothini hamba isaladi eluhlaza kanye ne-spice sauce.
I-Quail ebhakwe nge-isitshalo seqanda - Hlanza ama-eggplant, usike izihloko ohlangothini lwesiqu (eduze kwayo), ususe umgogodla ngesinothi ukuze uhlale unene ngo-1 cm. Isizini ama-eggplant alungiselelwe, cwilisa amahora ayi-1 / 2-1 uphinde uhlambe futhi. Kuhlungwa futhi kugezwe izidumbu zezigwaca ngosawoti, ufafaze upelepele bese ufaka 1 izigwaca. Ngemuva kwalokho beka isitshalo seqanda ekhasini lokubhaka lapho izihloko zisikiwe, amboze ingxenye ngayinye notamatisi bese uthele ngaphezulu kwamafutha. Bhaka kuhhavini ophakathi nendawo. Khonza okushisayo ngesaladi lwakho olukhethile.
I-quail obisini - geza izidumbu nosawoti omncane. Thela ubisi olushisayo bese upheka emlilweni ophansi kuze kuphekwe. Lesi sidlo sinconyelwa abantu abanezifo zesibindi.
I-quail nge-utamatisi isoso - Izidumbu zezitofu zo izigwaca, hlambulula, usawoti, pepper. Fry in fat kuze kube browned kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Bese uthathe isidlo, u-anyanisi oqoshiwe emafutheni asele. Faka utamatisi, uhlutshiwe futhi uqunywe izingcezu ezincane. Lapho ujusi we-utamatisi usuqhume, engeza amanzi ashisayo bese ubeka izigwaca kusoso. Kamboza kahle ipani ngesivimbo bese ubila phezu kokushisa okuphansi.Susa izigwaca eziqediwe, usike kanye nebele ezingxenyeni ezi-2 bese ukhonza nososo, engeza ibhotela nemifino kuyo.
Isaladi "Ihlathi laseRussia". Sika izingcezu ezondile zozithelo eziphekiwe, inkukhu noma noma iyiphi ifolishi yenyama, ukhukhamba noma isithelo esisha, i-apula ehlutshiwe, amazambane abilisiwe namaqanda izigwaca abilisiwe. Hlanganisa, inkathi nge ukhilimu omuncu noma imayonnaise, usawoti ukunambitha, ungangeza ujusi kalamula noma uviniga, ufafaze kancane ngoshukela we-icing. Ngomhlobiso, yenza "isikhunta" emaqandeni ama-queil emaweni nasezinsikeni zama-apula ngesikhumba esibomvu, unamathele phakathi kwawo amagatsha e-parsley noma dill.
Raw Tatar Steak ngamaqanda izigwaca - Sika isithamo samanzi esivandeni, ugeze, womile ngesihlungo bese ubeka amapuleti amane ebhulakufesi.
Ukusuka kwenyama ebomvu yenkomo edlulile ku-grinder yenyama, yenza ama-cutlets angama-4 asayizi alinganayo bese uyibeka emaqabunga e-watercress. Fafaza ukukhonza ngakunye nopelepele.
Geza, womile, amakhasi bese usika izithombo zibe ngamahafu. Peel izigwaca amaqanda bese uzinquma uhhafu. Hlela ama-radish kanye nama-halves amaqanda emapuletini azungeze ama-steaks. Fry imbewu yesame ngokugudluza kwisiketi esomile kuze kube yilapho imbewu ikhonkotha futhi ikhiqiza iphunga elimnandi. Fafaza inyama ngembewu yesesame. Khonza ngokwahlukana: esinyeni noma esitsheni sikasawoti esinezimbobo.
Amaqanda ama-Quail nawo angadliwa, kanye namaqanda wanoma iyiphi inkukhu - eluhlaza, ebilisiwe noma ethosiwe. Zingasetshenziswa futhi ekuphekeni ekwenzeni ama-omeletiki, amaqanda aqhekeziwe nemayonesi.
Amaqanda ama-Quail athandwa yizingane futhi azidla ngokuzithandela. Izingane zikhangwa umbala wegobolondo ongajwayelekile nesisindo esilula. Babukeka behle kakhulu ngemikhosi ye-Easter enemibala ehlukahlukene.
Isiphuzi seqanda. Thatha amaqanda izigwaca 4-5, shaywa nge-mixer engilazini, engeza ujusi wezithelo, iwayini elibomvu noma ikhofi, engeza uju noma ushukela ukunambitha. Lesi siphuzo esinempilo kakhulu singadliwa nsuku zonke.
Amaqanda izigwaca ezithosiwe. Hlikihla amaqanda ngamunye epanini lokuthosa elinamafutha ashisayo, govuza emlilweni ophansi, ufafaze usawoti kanye no-anyanisi oqoshiwe kanye nopelepele. Khonza ngamazambane athosiwe noma isaladi.
Amaqanda athosiwe. Amaqanda abiliswe kanzima, ikhasi, susa ifilimu. Beat amaqanda ama-2-3 aluhlaza ku-foam. Amaqanda ama-Moisten emaweni ngokushayiwe, abeke ngo-iscrumbs no-gazinga emafutheni ashisayo. Thatha isipuni esifakwe kusinaphi, usilalise phansi, uhlobise nge-parsley.
Omelette. Beat amaqanda izigwaca 12-15 ubisi (3/4 inkomishi), engeza usawoti, anyanisi oqoshiwe, futhi, uma ufisa, futhi umvimba noma ham uthathe ama-cubes amancane. Cibilikisa isipuni esisodwa samafutha epanini, uthele le ngxube elungiselelwe, uyivumele igobe ukushisa okuphansi noma kuhhavini. Khonza okushisayo.
AmaSandwich anamaqanda izigwaca. Spread izingcezu ezondile zesinkwa esimhlophe noma esimnyama ngebhotela, usimboze ngesendlalelo senhlanzi egayiwe kasawoti, uthele amaqanda izigwaca asikiwe ngaphezulu bese ufafaza imifino no-anyanisi oqoshiwe.
Isaladi yamaqanda we-Quail. Amaqanda izigwaca ayi-12-15, i-100 g yesoseji, isando noma inhlanzi ebhemayo, iklabishi eli-1 lamapuni aluhlaza, amazambane ama-2, u-200 g wekhilimu omuncu noma imayonnaise, isipuni esisodwa sosawoti osashisayo, usawoti, dill, amaqabunga e-parsley. Sika imikhiqizo ibe ngama-cubes amancane, hlanganisa no-ukhilimu omuncu noma imayonnaise, engeza ukuthosa ukunambitha. Fafaza isaladi phezulu ngamakhambi oqoshiwe noshizi we-grated.
Amaqanda ama-Quail nelayisi noma amazambane abunjiwe. Faka irayisi ebilisiwe, ebilisiwe noma ebunjiwe esitsheni ngesimo sombuthano, amaqanda aphakathi nendawo aphekwe ngaphandle kwamagobolondo. Khonza ngosawoti omuncu wekhilimu kanye nesaladi lamatamatisi.
Amaqanda we-Quail nge-caviar. Bilisa amaqanda, ikhasi bese usike ubude izingxenye ezimbili. Faka i-caviar emnyama noma ebomvu kwi-yolk, hlobisa ngamakhambi bese ukhonza.
Ukulima izigwaca kuyibhizinisi elihehayo futhi elinomnotho.Ama-quail, kanye namaqanda izigwaca, anenzuzo ecacile yemvelo ngaphezu kwezinye izinkukhu. Zama ukukuqinisekisa lokhu ngokwakho futhi ngeke uzisole!
ECalifornia
Lezi exotic yizindawo zabathandi abaningi bezinyoni ezihlobisayo.
Izigwaca zokuhlobisa, ezihlala ekhaya e-USA. Ine-crest ende, equkethwe ngababili, hhayi ngezinjongo zezimboni. Akukalulekanga ukuyizalela eqandeni elidliwayo futhi ikakhulukazi inyama, kepha iCalifornian ithembisa ukuthengiswa kwezilwane ezisencane. Kuyivelakancane eRussia, kutholakala kuphela kwimibukiso emikhulu.
Futhi sizoqhubeka nengxoxo mayelana nezici ezijwayelekile zazo zonke izinhlobo.
Izici Zokuqukethwe
Okuheha izigwaca ukuthi kungenzeka kokuqukethwe kwabo endaweni elinganiselwe. Ekhejini lika-1000x500 cm, izinyoni ezifika ku-50 ziphila kahle. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlomisa isakhiwo esigciniwe esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-8, kwisikwere esisodwa. m ungakhula abantu abangama-800. Ngokuqondene nenyama, lokhu kufinyelela ku-160 kg!
Ibhizinisi linokujika okusheshayo kakhulu, ngenxa yokuvuthwa okusheshayo, ukuqala kwe-ovipositor kuwela ngosuku lokuphila lwe-40-50. Futhi izigwaca zifinyelela isisindo esifanele sokubulawa ngezinyanga ezi-4. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthengisa inyama kusuka kungqimba eyodwa, umfuyi wezinkukhu uthola amaqanda acishe abe ngama-60.
Ukuzala kanye nempilo
Lapha izigwaca zinolunye futhi isimangaliso: ngokungafani nezinkukhu, ukuqandeka akwenzeki ngosuku lwama-21, kodwa ngomhlaka 16. Ngakho-ke, cishe isonto lonke liyasindiswa. Amathoyizi aqine ngokwengeziwe kunenkukhu yonke, awadingi ukuthi athengiswe ngama-antibiotics, ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokusinda kwezilwane ezincane lifinyelela ku-95-98%.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isilinganiso sokukhulelwa kweqanda elinokuqukethwe okuhlanganisiwe kokubekwa kwezikhukhukazi nabesilisa cishe singama-80% (ngokuzalaniswa kwezinhlobo zama-broiler sisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, ama-50-60%), kanti amaqanda ama-2 amaningi afakwa ku-incubator evamile kunamaqanda enkukhu. Lokhu kusiza ukwenziwa kabusha kwezigcwaca ekhaya futhi kuvumela nabalimi abakhulu ukuthi basebenzise izintshi ezingabizi kakhulu zasendlini.
Isifinyezo
Ngazo zonke izinzuzo zebhizinisi izigwaca, le ndawo isesemncane. Ukhiye oyinhloko inkinga yokuthengisa.
Umthengi ubuka ngendlela emangalisayo izidumbu zekhawunteni ethi, "Yini le ukuthi amajuba akho mancane kangaka?" futhi "Yebo, akukho lutho, amathambo nje!"
Ngakho-ke, noma ngubani ohlose ukubhekana nomsebenzi wokusebenza ngokugcwilwe izigwaca kuzofanele angazikhangisi yena kuphela, kodwa futhi nempahla uqobo. Noma kunjalo, le mizamo iyifanele, ngoba ikhasimende elijwayelekile liyisiqinisekiso esithembekile somsebenzi wakho.