I-Arctic char | ||||||||||
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Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | ||||||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Inhlanzi yeBony |
Subfamily: | Uhlobo lwenhlanzi |
Buka: | I-Arctic char |
ISalvelinus alpinus (ULinnaeus, 1758)
Umnotho kuma-wikids | Izithombe ku-Wikimedia Commons |
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Incwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia inani labantu liyancipha | |
Bheka Ulwazi I-Arctic char kuwebhusayithi ye-IPEE RAS |
I-Arctic char (lat. Salvelinus alpinus) - uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngama-ray zomndeni we-salmon, zakha izinhlobo eziningi: ezifudukayo, echibini lomfula kanye nelichibi.
Ifomu lendawo yokuhamba lidlula yonke iminyaka lifaka yonke i-Arctic Circle nezindawo ezisenyakatho naseningizimu yayo (indawo eyi-circumpolar). Ukudlula ku-char go to spawn in the river of Norway, Iceland, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Murman, ogwini lwaseSiberia kuya e-Ob, Yenisei, Pyasin, imifula yaseCanada, Alaska naseGreenland. Amafomu okuhlala atholakala echibini leKola Peninsula, amachibi e-Alpine, umgodi weBaikal kanye nemifula ekude eseMpumalanga ewela iPeter the Great Bay. Esigodini sasePacific, i-Arctic char iyatholakala ogwini lwase-Asia naseMelika iya eKorea naseCalifornia. E-Pacific Ocean, i-Arctic char ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-malma (nokho, kukholelwa ukuthi i-malma luhlobo oluhlukile, USalvelinus malma ).
Ukudlula kweshadi - izinhlanzi zinkulu, zifinyelela ku-88 cm ubude nesisindo esingu-15-16 kg, isiliva, elinomnyama oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinhlangothi zimbozwe izindawo ezinkulu eziqhakazile. Ukudlula nge-char - inyamazane edla izinhlanzi ezincane zezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ukungena emifuleni ukuze iqhume, itsha liba mnyama, emuva kube nsundu ngombala, izinhlangothi zivele zinsundu, zibe nesheen yensimbi nezindawo eziningi ezibomvu noma ezisawolintshi. Izinhlobo zeLacustrine zentambo ye-arctic nazo zisakazekile. Baqhakaza futhi bahambe emachibini, ngaphandle kokudlula kwabo. Ishadi le-lake-river char lincane kunendima (35-45 cm, isisindo esijwayelekile 0.3-11.5 kg). Ngokubukeka nangendlela yokuphila, akhumbuza kakhulu ama-trout. Inani labantu abasebenza nge-Arctic char abahlala eTransbaikalia, kanye nengxenye yohlu lwe-East Siberi char labakwaDavati USalvelinus alpinus erythrinuskufakwe ku-Red Book of Russia njengokwehla kwenombolo (isigaba 2).
Ishadi elidlulayo lineminyaka engu-5-7 ubudala lifakwa ekusakazweni kwemifula ephansi yemifula. Umfula ugeleza ngezikhathi ezimbili: ngoJuni nango-Agasti - Septhemba. Ishadi lokuvuka ekwindla liyindlela ebusika futhi livame ukubuyela olwandle ehlobo. Amashadi ajwayelekile aqala ekwindla nasekupheleni kobusika, ezinye izinhlanzi, mhlawumbe entwasahlobo. Kwezinye izindawo zokugcina amanzi, ukusatshalaliswa kweshadi kunwetshwa kakhulu. Ukuqhekeka kungenzeka emini nasebusuku. Emfuleni iKara nasemifuleni yeNovaya Zemlya, izinhlanga zasentwasahlobo nezasebusika ziyaphawulwa eduze kweshadi. I-young char ichitha emfuleni iminyaka engu-2-4. I-char ayiyi kude olwandle futhi ihlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezi-estuarine, esifundeni somfula lapho yazalelwa khona. Isikhathi sokuhlala kwakhe olwandle, njengomthetho, asidluli izinyanga ezingama-2-3. Ngenkathi ihlala emfuleni, idla ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans, izibungu zezinambuzane nezinhlanzi ezincane. Abadala badla i-cod engajulile, i-gerbil, i-capelin olwandle, kanye ne-vendace futhi ancibilike kumachibi. Iyondla, ngokusobala, unyaka wonke.
Lapho litholakala khona itsha nencazelo
UChar char ungowomndeni we-salmon. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zale nhlanzi. I-isas enkulu kunazo zonke, engafinyelela ubude obufika kumitha eyodwa futhi inesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-10, ihlala eRussia eMpumalanga Ekude. Usengakwazi ukwahlukanisa izinhlobo ezinjenge-Arctic, lacustrine, Pacific, brook, Boganidsky, mustachioed.
Izindawo eziphambili zalezi zinhlanzi yiPacific, Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Kungatholakala emachibini anamanzi acwebile aseMelika naseYurophu, ezinye izinhlobo zihlala eJapan.
Le nhlanzi ihlukaniswa kalula kwabanye abamele abomndeni we-salmon ngezikali ezincane, ezingabonakali ngokuphelele. Ungaze ucabange ukuthi inhlanzi “inqunu” futhi ngokuvamile ayinalo ungqimba oluvikelayo.
Lesi kwakuyisizathu sokumnika igama elinje - uGolets. Esikalini esikalini (ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo), ungabona amachashazi anemibala ehlukene, ahlakazeka ngokungakhethi emzimbeni wonke.
Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlanzi zeshadi
Inyama imnandi kakhulu futhi iqukethe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okucebile. Kuma-Vitamin angahlukaniswa - Vitamin A (36 mg.), Vitamin B1 (0.14 mg.), B2 (0.12 mg.), B6 (0.3 mg.), B9 (15 mg.), B12 ( 1 mg.), Vitamin E (1 mg.), Vitamin PP (3 mg.) NoVitamin K (0.1 mg.) Nge-100 g. umkhiqizo.
Kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo engifuna ukuzibona - Phosphorus (270 mg.), Potassium (317 mg.), Sodium (51 mg.), Magnesium (33 mg.), Calcium (26 mg.), Copper (72 mg.), Selenium (12 , 6 mg.). Futhi futhi kubalulekile kuma-acid womzimba womuntu - Omega 3.
Ikhaladi yezinhlanzi
Le nhlanzi ingabikwa njengokudla okuphansi kwekhalori, ngoba inyama ine-135 kcal kuphela nge-100 g.
I-BZHU ku-100 gr. - Amaprotheni (22 gr.), Amafutha (5.7 gr.) Ama-carbohydrate (0 gr)
Ungadla isamba elingakanani ngosuku?
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinto zayo ezisebenzayo, akukhuthazwa ukuthi udle inyama yale nhlanzi nsuku zonke noma izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, ukuze ungadluli imfuneko yansuku zonke yomzimba ngamavithamini namaminerali umuntu ngamunye itsha acebile kuwo.
Ngokusho kwabasebenza ngokudla okunempilo, kunconyelwa ukuthi kufakwe inyama ye-char kaningi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto, futhi ingxenye kufanele ibe nge-100-150 gr. kumuntu omdala onempilo.
Okubhaliwe! Ishadi ligaywe emzimbeni womuntu isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amathathu.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zeshadi, incazelo
Inani lezinhlobo zezinhlanzi alikaze linqunywe ngokuqondile: kwenzeka ukuthi abantu bezinhlobo eziningana bahlala emzimbeni ofanayo wamanzi, behluka ngombala, ngosayizi nezimpawu zokudla. Kodwa ukhokho wabo ojwayelekile waziwa - lokhu yi-Arctic char. Ngokwesimo sendawo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamalokhi:
Izinzuzo zezinhlanzi
1. Ama-acid e-Omega-3 asiza ukugcina i-cholesterol yegazi, okuyindlela yokuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo futhi ikakhulukazi ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi, kanye nokulwa nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuvuvukala.
I-phosphorus ne-calcium azifaki nje kuphela ekuqiniseni izicubu zamathambo kubantu abadala, kodwa futhi nokukhula kwamathambo ezinganeni.
3. I-Potassium iyadingeka ekuqiniseni nasekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwezicubu zemisipha kanye nokugcina ukulingana okujwayelekile kukasawoti wamanzi emzimbeni.
4. Amavithamini eqembu B akhulisa ukusebenza kahle komzimba, asiza ohlelweni lwezinzwa, futhi asiza ukubekezelela ukucindezela nokucindezeleka kalula.
5. ISelenium isiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ibambezela ukuguga, ithuthukise ukuvuselelwa komzimba, inciphise nengozi yamathumba amabi.
6. Inyama edliwayo yale nhlanzi ingumkhiqizo omuhle kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. Okuqukethwe kakhulu kwamaprotheni nokuntuleka kwamafutha kuwenza umkhiqizo omuhle nganoma yisiphi isidlo sasemini noma sakusihlwa. Uma uyibila noma uyibilisa, le nyama nayo ilungele ukondliwa kwezokwelapha.
7. I-Vitamin A iyadingeka ekuvinjelweni kwezifo ze-ophthalmic, isiza ukululama ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxineka okubukwayo.
8. Inyama ebunjiwe ingumthombo wemvelo wezakhi ezisiza ekujwayezeni ukulala futhi zivikele ukukhula kwezifo ezithile zesomnkantsha.
Yini ewusizo char kubantu besifazane
Inzuzo yeligi yabesifazane ingabhekwa ngokuvuselelwa komzimba.
Ochwepheshe beza ngombono ojwayelekile wokuthi ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwenyama ye-char, ngemuva kwesikhashana, ungabona ukuthi isikhumba siba bushelelezi futhi simile, ukuqhuma kwezinduna kuyancipha.
Ama-antioxidants asiza ukulwa nemiphumela emibi yendawo esikhumbeni, aqinise uhlelo lokujikeleza emzimbeni, nokuvuselelwa kweseli ngokushesha, okuthuthukisa umphumela wokulwa nokuguga.
Char ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Inyama yale nhlanzi izoba wusizo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nababambisayo. Ukuxineka okuphezulu kwe-magnesium kunomthelela ekuthweni okuphephile kwengane kanye nokwakheka kahle kwezitho zangaphakathi ze-fetus.
Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, kuyadingeka ukufaka le nhlanzi ekudleni kwansuku zonke, ngoba ingane enobisi lwebele izoluthola njalo lonke uhlobo lwamavithamini namaminerali awusizo.
Can loach ube izingane
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inyama yale nhlanzi izoba wusizo ekuqiniseni nasekukhuliseni amathambo enganeni, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okufanele kwesitho esincane sisonke.
Ikakhulu ingane idinga i-magnesium ukwakha amasistimu wezinzwa, kanye ne-selenium ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba nokuvikela umzimba wokuguga wengane ezifweni.
Kwethula umkhiqizo omusha ekudleni kwezingane, kusukela eminyakeni emithathu nezingxenyana ezincane, ukuze kungazukubangela ukusabela komzimba futhi kuqaphe ukusabela kwengane kule nhlanzi.
Yini ewusizo kwabadala
1. Ekugugeni, kunengozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nemivimbo. Futhi lo mkhiqizo, njengoba kwalotshwa ngenhla, ungasebenza njengeprophylactic emelana nezifo zenhliziyo.
2. kubantu abadala, ukukhubazeka kwamathambo kuyakhuphuka, okuholela ekuqhekekeni okuvamisile, ngakho-ke, inyama ye-char inganciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo.
3. Amandla okwelula ubusha futhi anciphise inqubo yokuguga yomzimba wonke nawo yinto ebalulekile kwabadala.
Ungayikhetha kanjani
Lapho uthenga isidumbu seqhwa, sicela uqaphele:
- Isikali kufanele sibe yisiliva esinamabala ezinhlangothini. Isidumbu kufanele sibe bushelelezi futhi, ubukhona bama-creases sikhombisa ukuphindaphindwa komkhiqizo. Amaphinifa kufanele ahambisane kahle nesidumbu, amakhethini nge-pink hue.
Uma ungathola inhlanzi entsha (ebandisiwe), sicela wazi:
- Uma ucindezela isidumbu, akumele kube khona dents. Umkhiqizo omusha onekhwalithi unamehlo acacile nama-pink gills, iphunga elimnandi elisha.
Okubhaliwe! Kungcono ukuthenga izidumbu ezifika ku-40 cm ubude. Inhlanzi encane enjalo nakanjani izoqukatha i-mercury engatheni nezinhlanganisela ezisindayo zensimbi ngenxa yomjikelezo wayo wokuphila omfishane.
Ungapheka kanjani char
Kuyinto elula ukupheka, ngoba akudingi kuhlanzwe izikali, kufanele igezwe kahle ngokwanele ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo.
Kuyasiza kakhulu ukubhaka, ubilise noma ubambe le nhlanzi, ngakho-ke uzonga izindawo eziwusizo eziphezulu ngenani elincane lamakhalori.
Kumnandi kakhulu ukuyibhaka kuhhavini (noma ku-grill) ku-foil enemifino noma ulamula. Ungapheka indlebe enhle noma wenze inyama enkulu ugcwalise ngamaphayi noma ophaya.
Akunconywa ukuba u-fry char, njengoba okuqukethwe kwawo kwe-caloric kukhuphuka, izakhiwo eziwusizo nokunambitheka kuncishisiwe.
Ungafaka i-char, kepha kuphela uma uqinisekile ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, nokuthi awungenwa yizifo ezihlwabusayo! Njengoba kungewona wonke ama-microorganisms afayo ngesikhathi sokufakwa usawoti, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama enjalo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Izinhlanzi ezi-loach: ukulimaza kanye ne-contraindication
Ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezinhle, kungcono ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kwale nhlanzi lapho:
- Ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye kanye nokuphendula komzimba (ukubomvu noma ukugabha komzimba). Uma ungaqiniseki ngekhwalithi yeshadi, wenqaba ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo onjalo ukuze ungatholi ubuthi bokudla. Umndeni we-salmon usesendaweni yesibili yokutheleleka ngenyama ngama-parasites (tapeworms kanye nama-roundworms). Lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezinhlanzini ezibanjwe emanzini asendle. Inyama etheleleke ngamagciwane iqukethe izibungu ezincane ezinenhlamvu yerayisi, okuthi, lapho ingena emzimbeni womuntu, ikhule ibe umuntu ovuthiwe.
Qaphela! Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo onjalo ngendlela yawo eluhlaza! Izibungu ziyafa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-20 ngemuva kokubila.
Ividiyo: "Phila uphilile" no-Elena Malysheva. Inhlanzi kaChar - izinzuzo, ukuthi ukhetha kanjani, kanjani ukugcina, kanjani ukupheka
Incazelo Yesayensi Yezilwane
Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-35 zalaba bameleli. Ziyahlukahluka kuma-nuances womzimba nangaphandle.
Incazelo yezinhlanzi zeshadi ifaka:
Incazelo kanye nendlela yokuphila yokudla
Indawo yokuhlala inkulu kakhulu futhi incike ekuthengeni okuqondile. Izinhlobo zawo ezincane ezinesisindo esingama-1.5 kg zihlala emifuleni emikhulu ebandayo nakwimifudlana yezintaba. Abamele abakhulu bohlobo olunesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu bahlala ezigodini zasePacific kusuka ogwini lwaseMelika kuya enyakatho ye-Eurasia nase-Arctic Circle. Kepha kude nezindawo ezihlakazayo (imilambo yemifula) azihambi. Kutholakala imichilo emanzini acwebile, ngoba lapho ekhaxaza, ngapha, aya olwandle.
E-Russia, zitholakala ezindaweni eziseKola Peninsula, esifundeni saseTrans-Ural, endaweni ephansi kweLake Baikal. Isha inezinhlobo eziningi ezilandelwayo. Ezindaweni zaseMagadan naseKamchatka kuphela lapho kunezinhlobo eziyi-10, ezihluke ngosayizi nombala.
Umzimba walezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ubude, unombala onsundu, unamabala amancane acwebezelayo kanye namaphiko amakhulu, afana nesilinda esisesimweni. Ikhanda eliphakathi nendawo, ligcotshwe phezulu, ngezindebe ezihlukile. Ngokuhlakazeka, umzimba uguqula umbala ube mnyama.
Qaphela!
- izikali eziminyene. Ngokwesilinganiso, inani lezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kwama-200 emzimbeni wezinhlanzi. imithambo esukela ekhanda kuye emsileni,
- umzimba unesimo esibushelelezi ngesimo sethoshi,
- inhloko enkulu enamehlo amakhulu,
- amaphiko abe nesakhiwo esiminyene esinezendlalelo ezinamafutha. Ngaphandle babonakala benamandla futhi beqinile,
- amabala akhanyayo apinki, ansundu futhi aphuzi asakazeke emzimbeni wonke,
- usayizi osuka ekhanda uye emsileni ungafika ku-65 cm. Izinsikazi zincane kakhulu kunabesilisa,
- isisindo somuntu omdala sifinyelela ku-1 kuye ku-3 kg,
- abantu basolwandle bakhulu impela. Isisindo esijwayelekile sifinyelela ku-15 kg. Ubude ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni ukusuka ku-70 kuye ku-100 cm.
Ihlala kuphi inhlanzi yesha? Abamele abancane balolu hlobo bavame ezindaweni zezintaba. Bahlala emifuleni nasemachibini. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, uqala uhambo lwakhe ngokuhamba ngezifufula.
Indlela yokuphila
Zitholakala kuphi izinhlanzi zeshadi? Laba abamele umndeni we-salmon bavamile ezindaweni ezihlala enyakatho. Zitholakala esifundeni sezintaba i-Ural Range kanye neNyakatho Caucasus. Bathanda amanzi abandayo namachibi asolwandle olujulile.
Ngokusemthethweni, laba bantu babhekwa njengezinhlobo ezingama-arctic. Bahlala emfuleni nasezifuleni zamanzi. Inhlanzi iphila impilo yokuphinga. Idla abameli abancane bombuso wamanzi.
Emnyakeni wokuqala wempilo, uphila impilo esebenzayo nenempilo. Ekwindla yokuqala, ithwala amaqanda amaningi, agcina ephenduka imihlambi yefry.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, kuzalwa abantu abasha. Izinyanga zokuqala eziyi-6 zicasha endaweni enamadwala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezizingelayo.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi
Ngabe idlani i-char? Lolu hlobo lwesalimoni luholela ekufudukeni kokudla. Ebusika, baya ezindaweni zasolwandle nolwandle. I-Plankton, i-algae encanyana kanye nethambile ikhona ekudleni kwalaba bantu. I-char isebenzisa izinhlobo ezincane zamakhodi, i-gerbil ne-navaga ekudleni. Lolu hlobo lokudla luthambisa umzimba ngamandla, olubavumela ukuba baphile impilo esebenzayo.
Ukukhula okusha kudla ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollus ngenkuthalo. Le menyu inciphisa izivikeli mzimba futhi yelula impilo ye-salmon ye-Arctic. Umjikelezo wokuphila ojwayelekile uyiminyaka emithathu kuya kwengu-12. Abantu abadala bathola isisindo esifinyelela ku-50 kg.
Izinhlanzi ezineminyaka engu-5 ubudala zithanda ukuhola impilo yodwa. Bahlala emachibini ajulile futhi bakhetha ukuziphilela indlela yokuphila. Akuvamile ukuba ziphambukele ekuhambeni okuncane okufudukayo. Ekwindla sekwedlule, izikole zezinhlanzi zingena emathunjini olwandle ukuthola isisindo nomsipha.
Abanye abantu bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zeminyaka emithathu. Emva kwalokho, baya ukuyohluma ngemilomo yasentabeni. Ngemuva kokuphonsa amaqanda, babuyela emuva kwalasha.
Ososayensi baqokomisa ubungozi nokulimala kweshadi. Izinzuzo zifaka:
- ama-polyacid anele,
- ukugcwala okukhulu kwamavithamini
- inyama emnandi nenamafutha.
Habitat
Muva nje i-char isatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Indawo Yasolwandlekazi iPacific and Atlantic,
- I-Arctic Circle
- ugu lwase-Greenland, e-Alaska,
- ishalofu loLwandle iBarents,
- mayelana. I-Sakhalin, Kamchatka,
- Ichibi iBaikal,
- Ulwandle lwase-Okhotsk, eKara naseJapan.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi muva nje, izinhlanzi ziye zathuthela kulezi zindawo ezisenyakatho. Zivela emanzini oLwandle i-Arctic. Esithombeni senhlanzi eshadiwe, izakhamuzi zasolwandle zimelelwa.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Abadobi abaningi bayazibuza: "Ihlala kuphi inhlanzi yesha?? ”, Futhi imvamisa ukuthola impendulo edidayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, indawo yokuhlala yalo mndeni yande kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zithola isiphephelo sazo emachibini, ezinye zithuthele emanzini olwandle, lapho zifuna khona ukudla. Izinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi zihlala emifudlaneni esezintabeni nasemifuleni emikhulu.
Kukhona abathanda impilo yasolwandle. I-char ihambelana kahle namanzi abandayo, ngoba i-char yokhokho bazo zonke izinhlobo zalokhu kuzalwa ibhekwa njenge-char ye-Arctic, engasinda ngenkathi yeqhwa ngaphansi kwamachibi e-Arctic.
Kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezithandwayo eRussia, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi zeshadi:
- I-Western Siberia,
- Kola Peninsula,
- umcengezi weLake Baikal,
- I-Pacific Ocean,
- Isifunda saseTrans-Ural.
Inhlanzi iyatholakala futhi emazweni aseYurophu, ikakhulukazi asenyakatho, kepha imvelo yakhona inqunywa yizindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, ngayinye enendawo ethile yasemanzini.
Intengo yezinhlanzi zeshadi incike ku-subspecies, engahlukahluka kusisindo, ubude kanye nezakhiwo eziwusizo zomuntu ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, ethandwa kakhulu yile:
- I-Arctic charIzinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezindala kakhulu ezitholakala emanzini e-Arctic Circle. Njengomthetho, le yinhlanzi enkulu futhi ebiza kakhulu, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-16 kg.
- I-Lake char: uhlala eCentral Europe, emachibini, kusuka lapho ungafuduki khona kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yawo. Le ndlela yokubambela izinhlanzi inezindlela eziningana ezingaba khona echibini elifanayo futhi ihluka ikakhulukazi ngosayizi nokudla okunempilo.
- Brook char: uhlala emifudlaneni enkulu yezintaba eYurophu, eCaucasus naseMelika. Uvame ukudideka ne-trout, kancane kancane ayigcwalisa ngaphandle kwemifudlana. Lawa ngabantu abade abangenazo izintengo eziphakeme emakethe.
- I-Tiger char: uhlala ikakhulu emifudlaneni. Kuvele ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa kwe-char ne-trout, kepha ososayensi abaningi balinganisa nalokhu ngohlobo lwensiza.
- I-Pacific char: ithandwa e-Pacific, zinkulu futhi zivame ukufana ne-arctic char, ngaphandle kokwehluka kwemibala ethile. Elinye igama lalolu hlobo I-Kamchatka fish char.
- I-Yellowhorn Char: kutholakala emifuleni ye-Far East, kanye nasichibi elilodwa enyakatho yeChukotka.
- I-North American char: enkulu kunazo zonke emndenini wayo, ayitholakali emanzini aseRussia, kodwa ihlala ikakhulukazi emachibini kanye nemifula emikhulu ye-Alaska naseCanada.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo lwe-salmon luyakwazi ukuhlala olwandle, futhi ngisho nolwandle, lubize char zasolwandle, ngeke. Ishadi elidlulayo alingeni kude nolwandle, kepha lihlala ezindaweni eziphezu komfula lapho athuthela khona emanzini anosawoti.
Umlingiswa we-Char nendlela yokuphila
Ukusho ukuthi iyiphi inhlanzi eshadiwe enzima ngokwemvelo. Kwenzeka ukuba kube okudlula, futhi kuchitha ingxenye yemijikelezo yokuphila kwayo emanzini anosawoti olwandle nolwandle, futhi okuyingxenye - emifuleni nasemachibini olwandle. Zithutha ngenxa yokuqhekeka.
Amachibi anamanzi ahlanzekile ajwayelekile, ahlala njalo emachibini, emifuleni ngisho nasemachibini. Kukhona ne-brook ne-aquarium char. Akuyona into esheshayo ekudleni nasendaweni ezungezile, ziyakwazi futhi zithande, kumanzi abandayo. Babekezelela ubusika kahle kakhulu. U-loach ukhetha ukuhlala yedwa, futhi kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuhlangana naye epakethe.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ukuqhekeka kwe-Char kwenzeka ngenkathi yentwasahlobo, avela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube uMeyi, kwesinye isikhathi ngoJuni. Konje, i-char fish roe Izinhlobo ezinkulu zibongwa kakhulu kwezokudoba futhi kubiza imali enhle emakethe yezinhlanzi. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile zikhetha ukuthola indawo encane kakhulu yedamu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi imifudlana, imisele, ukuhlinzeka imibungu ngamanzi agobhozayo nomoya.
Kudlula izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokuhluma okuvela olwandle futhi zibeke amaqanda emanzini amasha, kwesinye isikhathi esihlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi ezitshalweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi. I-char ifinyelela ekukhuleni ineminyaka engu-3-4, futhi isiyonke inhlanzi iphila cishe iminyaka eyi-7. Iqiniso elithandekayo lesikhathi sokuzalela kwale nhlanzi ukuthi owesilisa nowesifazane baqala ukushintsha umbala ukuheha umlingani. I-Outgrowths kanye nama-tubercles avela esikalini sabo bushelelezi.
Izici zezempilo
Abantu abaningi banesifiso sokuthenga i-char, ngoba inokunambitheka okungafani nenye, izindleko eziphansi kakhulu kanye nesethi enkulu yezinto ezisebenzayo zokulandela umkhondo.
Iphelele ukudla ekudleni okwenziwe emzimbeni uma kubilisiwe noma kubilisiwe. Ku-char, izitsha eziningi ezihlwabusayo zitholakala, ngokwesibonelo, ama-steaks, izindlebe, isitshulu. Kuphekwe ngokushesha, kepha kuvela kuthambile futhi kuyathambile. Ethandwa kakhulu futhi ethandwa eRussia isaladi enosawoti.
Emanzini noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo
Lona omele kakhulu okhalweni, yena ingafinyelela isisindo kufinyelela ku-pound eyodwa (16 kg) kanye ubude bube ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Isikhumba sakhe siyisiliva, izinhlangothi zakhe zingamabala akhanyayo, kanti ingemuva lakhe limnyama ngombala ogqamile. E-Russia, itholakala kuzo zonke izindawo ezisenyakatho:
- emifuleni yeziqhingi zase-Arctic Ocean - iNovaya Zemlya neSvalbard,
- kumachibi eNhlonhlo yeKola naseBaikal Basin,
- ogwini lolwandle lwaseSiberia nasemifuleni yalo emikhulu - i-Ob neYenisei,
- ogwini oluseMpumalanga Ekude loLwandle iPacific, imifula namachibi eNhlonhlo yeKamchatka.
Lapho ushintsha usuka emanzini olwandle anosawoti ufika emanzini amasha emifula, ezinye izinguquko zenzeka emzimbeni wezinhlanzi: umbala wesikhumba saso uyashintsha - umhlane uthatha umbala onsundu, amabala amaningi abomvu enza amabala aso abushelelezi, nenyama iphenduke ibomvu. Amandla okuqhakaza aqhamuka eneminyaka emihlanu, khona-ke umhlaseli uqala ukuqhakaza. Isikhathi sokukhula siqala ekwindla kuze kufike ubusika. Intsha ihlala emifuleni nasemachibini kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, bese ingena emanzini olwandle anosawoti, ezindaweni zemifula.
Njenganoma imuphi umhlaseli wasemanzini, inhlanzi ebomvu ye-char idla izinhlanzi ezincane nayo yonke into ehamba emanzini: izibungu kanye nezibungu, ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks angayinaki i-salmon caviar, ebangela ukulimala okukhulu kwinhlanzi ebomvu. Emachibini, ukuncibilika kanye nokuthengiswa kufakwa ekudleni, futhi inyamazane ayidlulisi i-capelin noma i-cod encane olwandle.
Igalari: Ishadi LaseMpumalanga Ekude (izithombe ezingama-25)
Ishadi lamanzi ahlanzekile
ILoach Lake ngokungafani nomuntu wakubo wezilwane zasolwandle akanye naye, i-lacustrine iphila impilo engaguquki futhi ingashiyi okokugcina amanzi. Ihlala, njengomthetho, ekujuleni okungamamitha angaphezu kwangama-40 futhi ayithandi ukukhanya, idonsela imihume eminingi nendawo yokukhosela ngaphansi kweziqu zezihlahla ezikhukhulayo. Izinhlanzi zithanda amanzi abandayo anothiswe umoya-mpilo futhi zivame kakhulu emachibi ase-alpine nasekujuleni kolwandle.
Ubungako besiqhwaga sechibi asisihlaba umxhwele njengaleso esisebenza naso zasolwandle, kepha lapho sineminyaka eyisithupha singakhula sibe Amasentimitha angama-40 ubude. Okuhlukile kunabozakwabo abancane, okuvame ukuthi kube ngaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama-20.
Ngokubukeka, kubukeka njenge-trout echibini nesihlobo somfula. Unomzimba omncane wesambathi futhi ufaka umbala kwimvelo yakhe:
- umnqumo omnyama emuva
- izinhlangothi ziphuzi ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinamabala akhanyayo aphuzi,
- izindebe zomhlathi zipinki ngomngcele omhlophe.
E-Europe, ishadi le-Geneva Pond, eliwuhlobo olukhethekile, liphinde lakhiwa kwamanye amachibi lapho lalingakaze libe khona ngaphambili.
I-river char Ifana kakhulu ne-trout yomfula - njenge-trout, amaphiko ayo anemingcele emnyama nomhlophe nephethini elula ngemuva emnyama.
Umfula char wawusehlala engxenyeni esenyakatho neMelika eKamchatka, kepha namuhla ungabanjwa nasemifuleni emincane yaseYurophu, lapho abantu abaningi banconyelwayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yobudlova baso, i-char ikhipha i-trout ezindaweni zayo zokuhlala.
Isisulu sasemfuleni sithanda ukuhlala sodwa endaweni eyodwa yedamu elihlanzekile elinesihlabathi kanye ne-pebble ngezansi kanye nesivinini esisheshayo. Ngesikhathi sasemini asisebenzi, sangcwatshwa ngesihlabathi noma ngodaka, sicashe phakathi kolwelwe, simi ema-rapids naphakathi kwamatshe. Ebusuku, uyazingela futhi azitholele owakhe ukudla, aqhubeke ngenkani emaphethelweni amatshe nezihlahla ezigcwele izikhukhula.
Ehlobo, lapho amanzi efudumala, isha iyakhathazeka futhi ibaleke isondele ebusweni, lapho yona iba isisulu sabazingeli abakhulu.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezindala kuqukethe izimpukane ze-caddis, amabhungane kanye nezibungu. Amaqanda awadliwa hhayi kuphela ngezinye izinhlanzi, kodwa futhi nezawo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadliwa ngisho ulwelwe. Amandla wokuqhakaza iza ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, i-char iyaqhuma entwasahlobo (Ephreli, Meyi) - ibhebhetheka kulwelwe, isihlabathi noma amatshe. Owesifazane oyedwa ubekela amaqanda angaba ngu-6,000. Lapho kuvela ama-tadpoles kusuka emaqanda, athathwe yinkambo ayiswe emanzini angajulile, lapho aqala khona impilo yawo ngokudla ama-microorganisms ahlala esihlabathini. Isikhathi esithile babamba umhlambi, bese bekhula - baba bodwa.
Ukubamba loach
Njenganoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi edla inyama, i-char ukuphotha ngesipinaubamba isiheho ngentshiseko, ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokungabaza. Futhi muhle yena ebanjiwe futhi ifule induku yokudoba - isithiyo kungaba yinoma yini: inyama yenhlanzi noma isibungu, amabhungane kanye ne-caviar ye-char noma i-salmon. Isikhathi sokuluma - kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile emanzini avulekile, ebusika, ukudoba eqhweni. Ngesikhathi sosuku - sekuzophuma futhi kusihlwa, phakathi nokushona kwelanga. Ebusika, kufanele afunwe emigodini, ezindaweni ezijulile lapho azingela khona izibungu.
Izindlela zokubamba i-char zikhethwa ngendlela efanayo neyokudoba okujwayelekile - ukugxila esimweni sesichibi nesisindo senhlanzi. Indawo esihlukumeza kuyo le ndawo inqunywa ngokumane nje ikhumbule ukuzibophezela kwayo emanzini afudumele nokuhlanzekile nokujula, uma amanzi emi. Ngokuqondene nendlela yokudoba, akukho ongakukhetha lapha: onke ahamba kahle futhi athokozisayo - womabili ehlobo anentambo yokudoba edonsa noma yokuntanta, kanye nokudoba ubusika ngenduku yokudoba ephansi.
Ama-Rec Recipes
I-Loach - inhlanzi engenazikali, ewusizo kakhulu, yona ekalwa kakhulu yizo zonke izazi ze-Culinary. Unokunambitheka okuhlukile, inyama yale nhlanzi inenzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu, yile:
- amaminerali - i-potassium ne-calcium, ithusi nensimbi, i-sodium ne-magnesium,
- amavithamini amaqembu ahlukahlukene,
- ukuvimbela i-thrombosis kanye nokuhlasela kwenhliziyo okunamafutha acid (kufaka phakathi i-omega-3).
Amaketanga wokuthengisa anikezela nge-char sized standard, enesisindo esingama-900 amagremu, okulungele ukupheka okungenani kubantu ababili, okungenani umndeni omkhulu. Inhlanzi enjalo ingangena cishe kunoma yiziphi izinto zasekhishini. Kuhlinzekwa izindlela ezimbili zokupheka eziningi.
Ishadi elibhakwe -bhaka kuhhavini. Lokhu iresiphi yesitsha esimnandi, nokuzilungiselela ngomusa (kusuka endaweni yokubukwa komsoco, kuyazuzisa). Izinhlaka:
- amagremu ezinhlanzi ayisishiyagalolunye
- anyanisi nengxenye yelamula,
- usawoti nezinongo ongakhetha kuzo.
Gut izinhlanzi, susa amaphiko nekhanda. Usawoti, engeza izinongo ngokushesha. Sika izindandatho zikalamula nez anyanisi zibe izingcezu ezinkulu - faka ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu ngaphakathi kwenhlanzi. Sakaza i-foil bese ubeka inhlanzi kuyo, ngemuva kokubeka futhi kumbozwe izingcezu ze-anyanisi nezolamula phezulu, ukugoqa.
Bhaka isigamu sehora emazingeni okushisa angama-200. Kuvela inhlanzi emnandi futhi enempilo. Kuhle ukupheka amazambane amancane esitsheni esiseceleni.
Ishadi elithosiwe - Iresiphi elula futhi ewusizo yokupheka, ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu. Kwanele ukukhipha inhlanzi nokuyigeza. Bese ubeka usawoti, engeza izinongo kanye ne-marinade, ushiye ingxenye yesithathu yehora ukuze izinhlanzi zibambe zonke izithako. Fry emafutheni wemifino, pre-roll in ufulawa. Noma yimiphi imifino ingaba isidlo eseceleni. Etafuleni, okuthosiwe isinkwa se-char okuthosiwe ngezilayisi namakhambi.
Ezinye izitsha zeshadi - Lawa ngamaphayi agcotshwe ngopende onsomi opinki. Kepha izidlo eziyisipesheli zi-char eshaywayo ebandayo futhi enosawoti, ayimbi kangako kune-salmon ebhemayo.
I-Kamchatka char
Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zentengiso ezinesisindo esingama-10-1 kg. Ihlala ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk kanye nolwandle iBering. Ihlukahlukahlukahluka ku-Arctic ngama-stamens ambalwa ama gill. Umbala umnyama, izinhlangothi zinsundu, isisu sesiliva kuphela esikhanyayo. Kuwo wonke umzimba, njengakwezinye izikhala zeshadi, amabala akhanyayo.
I-Kamchatka char idla ngo-salmon osemusha. Ngesikhathi sokudla, uhamba eduze nolwandle eyofuna amasheya ansundu, herring kanye nemikhonto. Kubhekiselwa ezinhlanzini ezifudukayo kanye nokunwebeka kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba emifuleni nasemachibini. Kuze kube manje, igcinwa eduze neziyingi noma ngasogwini.
Isilinganiselo se-Boganid
Ososayensi baseSiberia bakubiza njengokuwusizo kakhulu kwezinhlanzi ezikhona ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-omega-3 acid. I-loach yaseBoganid ihlala e-Arctic, Khatanga basin, amachibi iLama, Keta, Glubokoe, Kapchuk, Sobachye. Emifuleni kuvela ngenkathi kuhluma ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Kodwa-ke, inani lalokhu okubhaliselwe liphansi, futhi lingahlangatshezwa kaningi.
Umzimba we-Boganid loach mkhulu. Umhlathi ongaphezulu ubanzi futhi ufana nesikela. I-Caudal fin nge-notch enkulu. Isisu sicishe sibe mhlophe, nomzimba umnyama, grey. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, izinhlangothi nekhanda kumnyama kube nsundu. Emadodeni, ngisho nomhlathi ushintsha - kuvela ihlumela kuwo.
I-mustachioed char
Elinye igama lezinhlanzi ezihola indlela yokuphila eseduze ezansi emifuleni emincane i-char ejwayelekile. Ungowomndeni we-baloritorium detachment cypriniformes. E-Little Russia, ubizwa nge-Avdyushka. Ungase futhi ubambe umuntu okhonze amachibi, amachibi noma izindawo eziphansi zemifula ngesisekelo esisheshayo esisheshayo kanye naphansi kwesihlabathi. Ulindela ubusika, angcwatshwe emhlabathini omanzi.
Ishadi le-mustachioed liyaqabukela lifinyelela osayizi abakhulu nobude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-18. 18 Isici esibonakalayo yilezi zinyanga ezintathu. Amabili amabanga atholakala emaphethelweni e-snout, elesithathu lisemakhoneni omlomo. Ikhanda lalenhlanzi licindezelwe kancane. Umzimba uphuzi wegolide onamabala angafani nhlobo. Izindawo ezifanayo zihlobisa amaphiko. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-avdyushka yizitshalo, ama-invertebrates asemanzini kanye nezibungu ezincane zezinambuzane.
Ukudoba nokudoba ama-amateur loach
Ukudoba lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi eRussia kwenziwa ezindaweni eziseCzech Bay, eNovaya Zemlya, osebeni loMfula iKara. Iphinde yafakwa emayini ezindaweni eziphansi zeLena, iYenisei ne-Ob. Ukudoba kwenziwa ngenetha ezingaguquki noma zokuphonsa, kanye namadivayisi akhethekile - "uthango". Ziyakwazi uthango uketeki nge ukungezwani phakathi grid.
Ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kokudoba nokufuya kwale nhlanzi ebizayo nenempilo kuhlelwa. Indawo enhle yalezi zinhloso yiPhalamende laseKola.
Abadobi base-Amateur basebenzisa ukusontelana nama-spinner ukuze bathole i-char. Ehlobo, ngoJuni noJulayi, ukudoba kuyenziwa kusetshenziswa amagiya ajwayelekile amaflothi. Ezinyangeni ezifudumele, ukudoba impukane nakho kuyasetshenziswa.
Bopha kalula izimbotshana ezitsheni ezivela kuzimpethu noma inhlanzi ekhethiwe. Ungasebenzisa ama-caviar amakhulu abilisiwe noma amaqanda anemibala ekhanyayo.
Ukudoba okuLobusika ebusika
Izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokudoba nguDisemba noMashi. Akukwenzi mqondo ukubheka okhalweni lwe-rapid emfuleni okuphenduka ngalesi sikhathi. Lapha ugcinwa emlilweni. Ebusika, isha iyahamba ifinyelela lapho ifika khona. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zithanda ukujula - imigodi namachibi.
Isipinatshi sisebenzisa intambo eqinile, engasindi, engemuva engenawo aminyene, ifinyelela ku-0,12 mm intambo ecijile. Izipoki zingcono ukuthatha i-oscillating noma ijikeleze, ijamo oblong. Umbala uyisiliva le-matt noma liphuzi. Ukuze unciphise ukuphuma kwezinhlanzi, itiye lithathelwa indawo ngochungechunge oluphindwe kabili. I-forend enwetshiwe kanye ne-angle 90 °.
UChar ekuphekeni
UChar yinhlanzi emnandi futhi enempilo. Inombala o-orange obomvu ocebile, ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga eliqhakazile. Ifana ne-trout ukunambitha. Amafutha ku-char ngokulinganisa, kancane kancane kunalawo we-salmon.
Inani lamandla le-100 g yenyama enjalo ingama-135 kcal kuphela.
Amaminerali abaluleke kakhulu aqukethe i-char yi-calcium ne-phosphorus, enesibopho sokwakha uhlelo lwamathambo abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wethulwa ngendlela yokugaya kalula. Kukhona i-magnesium eningi enyameni yakhe, ebhekele ukuzivikela kwamaselula.
Okubaluleke kakhulu nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha we-omega, ukuthathwa njalo kwawo okwandisa izivikeli mzimba, kanye nokuba khona kwevithamini E, okuthathwa njengovithamini wangempela wobusha. Ngokuqapha, i-char kufanele idliwe kuphela ngabagula i-allergy - abanye abantu bangahle babekezelele imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibomvu. Njengoba kunamafutha ngokwanele, kungcono ukuthi izingane zikwethule ekudleni okuhambisana nakho kusuka eminyakeni emithathu.
Ishadi elibhakiwe
Ukuze ugcine inyama ithenda futhi inoshukela, kungcono ukuyipheka ngo-foil noma esikhwameni. Ukuthola ukunambitheka komoya obuthakathaka kungcono ukungamanzi. Kwanele usawoti, ufafaze kancane inhlanzi ngejusi kalamula, engeza upelepele omnyama nesikhonkwane ngamakhambi weProvence.
Kuthatha imizuzu engama-25 ukupheka isha elibhakwe kuhhavini. Abathandi bakaChrisp bangapheka isikhashana.
Indlebe kaChar
Ukusuka ku-trout (okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-char ngokunambitheka kwayo obucayi), isobho sezinhlanzi livame ukulungiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, inhlanzi ehlanziwe futhi ihlanziwe ithululelwa ngamanzi abandayo, lapho kufakwa khona ipepper encane namaqabunga ambalwa e-bay. Ngemuva kokubilisa, isha kuphekwe imizuzu engu-10-12. Inyama evela kumhluzi kumele isuswe futhi ikhandwe ngamatshe.
Umhluzi ohlunga nge-gauze uphinde ulethwe ngamathumba, amazambane no-anyanisi kufakwa kuwo. Lapho imifino iba yithambile, indlebe yendlebe ithululelwa emapuletini, engeza inyama ekhanyiselwe amathambo kubo.
Ungakuthatha kanjani ukha phezulu ekhaya
Ngomunyu, kungcono ukusebenzisa izidumbu ezinkulu - inyama yazo inamafutha amaningi futhi ithenda. Ama-kilogramu ambalwa we-char azodinga u-2 tbsp. wezipuni kasawoti. Ungakhohlwa ukufaka okuncane (isipuni) ushukela - ukunambitheka kwenyama yakhe kulokhu kuyothuthuka kuphela.
Ngaphambi kokufaka usawoti ekhaya, kungcono ukungasusi isikhumba - sisuswa ngemuva kokufakwa usawoti. Fafaza izinhlanzi ezisikiwe nxazonke ngenhlanganisela kasawoti noshukela, usongele ngokunamathela ifilimu bese ubeka esiqandisini. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, inhlanzi enambitheka futhi emnandi, enambitha njenge-trout noma i-salmon, isilungile.
I-caviar salting
Ukuncibilikisa lolu hlobo lwe-caviar akufani nokuthambisa i-caviar enye inhlanzi ebomvu. Kwi-brine efudumele kuqala ukubilisa (ingxube yamanzi nosawoti), i-caviar yehliswa imizuzwana engama-20-30. Ifilimu ayisusiwe kulo. Amaqanda azowashiya kalula ngemuva kokufudumeza emanzini afudumele.
I-brine yokukha kufanele ibe namandla impela. Engilazini yamanzi udinga ukuthatha i-2 tbsp. wezipuni kasawoti. Ushukela wengezwe ku-brine kancane kancane - 2 tsp.
Kwi-caviar ehlutshiwe evela kwifilimu, kufakwa uwoyela omncane wemifino futhi esiqandisini amahora angama-4-6. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izobe isilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Ama-parasites eshadini
Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, iningi lama-parasites akhona kulo alibi yingozi kubantu. Kuyenqatshelwa ukudla kuphela okungacutshungulwa (kungaphekiwe noma kungaphekiwe) inhlanzi ebomvu etheleleke nge-ribbon ebanzi, i-trematode ne-anisakides.
Izinhlanzi ezisanda kubanjiswa kufanele zifakwe usawoti okungenani amaviki ama-2. Kulesi simo kuphela, ama-helminths akuyo afa. Abathandi beshadi elinosawoti omncane bangalulekwa ukuba balibeka kuqala efrijini. Inhlanzi eqandisiwe amasonto ama-2 ekushiseni kwe--18 ° C akuyona ingozi - ngalesi sikhathi zonke izinambuzane ezikulo ziyafa. Nge--25 ° C bafa ngokushesha okukhulu - ngemuva kwamahora angama-72.
Incazelo Nezici
Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu kulo loach isikali saso esincane, cishe esingabonakali ngeso lenyama. Kuyasheleka futhi kuthambile, ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi inhlanzi inqunu. Ngakho-ke igama lalowo omelele umndeni we-salmon. UChar esithombeni Kubukeka buhle kakhulu futhi bubuhle, kuyabonakala ngokushesha ukuthi le nhlanzi ilungile, futhi ngenxa yalokho ayisihle kuphela, kodwa futhi iyasebenziseka.
Isici esihlukanisayo esihlukanisa i-char kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibomvu inani eliphansi lokufakwa emzimbeni okumnyama emzimbeni, noma ukungabikho kwabo okuphelele. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, kungahle kungabi namachashaza amnyama, kepha amhlophe, ama-beige noma apinki, okuyisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi le nhlobo yezinhlanzi iphambi kwakho.
Futhi isimilo se-loach yisimo sayo: ixazululiwe noma iyathutha. Ukufuduka kwezinye izinhlobo kusebenze ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi le nhlanzi ithanda isizungu, kuyaqabukela yakha imihlambi. Ukubekezelela kalula amazinga okushisa aphansi, isha kuvame ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyama yomuntu ohlala emanzini iyashintsha umbala.
Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo, ngaphezu kwezici ezingenhla zalo mhlali wasemanzini, zonke izingosi ezingaphansi kwazo zinezimpawu ezijwayelekile ezilandelayo:
- umzimba uxoshiwe, wenziwe umjondolo, onomthelela ekunyakazeni okusheshayo emanzini,
- ikhanda likhulu, amehlo ayaqhuma, atholakele phezulu,
- i-trudated caudal fin,
- umhlathi ophansi uphakeme ngokuqondene naphezulu, umlomo mkhulu,
- uma kukhona amabala, ahlakazeka ngokungenhloso emzimbeni wonke,
- umbala ophambili wamalokhi asakakekile yisisu esikhanyayo, izinhlangothi zesiliva nomhlane oluhlaza okotshani, emanzini amhlophe, engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba ithola izimbotshana ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezihlikihla umuntu emanzini okuhambisa amanzi,
- ubungako beshadi buxhomeke endaweni yokuhlala nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo: abantu basolwandle bangafika kubude be-1 m futhi banesisindo esingu-15-16 kg, amanzi amade-olwandle oluncane - ngobude obungafika ku-50 cm obunzima obungu-1.5-2 kg. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zingamanzi amasha. Isisindo somuntu oyedwa singafinyelela ku-30 kg.
Inyama yeChar, uma nje kuphekwe ngokufanele, bahlukaniswa njengokudla kokudla. Ukuze wenze isidlo singabi simnandi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi sibe nempilo, le nhlanzi kufanele ibhekane nokwelashwa okufanele kokushisa.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ungaphangi umkhiqizo obalulekile uma, ngesikhathi sokulungiselela, kusetshenziswa indlela yokubhaka ku-foil noma eweni. Isigaxa samathambo kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho lezinhlanzi.
Indawo ye-char isikisela ukuthi omele ama-salmon angokunye kwezinhlobo zazo, okukhona kuzo inani elikhulu. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
1. I-Arctic. Ngokusho kwe-ichthyologists, lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezindala kakhulu ezivamile ezifundeni zasenyakatho. Lolu hlobo luphakathi kokubiza kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu, zinesisindo esingu-15-16 kg, futhi zingu-90 cm ubude. Umuntu onjalo ubhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu, yingakho ukubanjwa kwayo kungavunyelwe.
2. Ichibi. Uhlobo lokuhlala lweshadi, olungavamisile ukufuduka. Ine-subspecies eminingana eyehluka ngobukhulu kanye nokudla. Ubude obujwayelekile bomuntu bu-cm angama-45. Isisindo esirekhodiwe sosizo lwedatha echibi sifinyelela ku-30 kg ubude bomzimba obungu-150 cm.
3. Brook. Lolu hlobo lwe-char lukhetha ukukhula futhi landa ezindaweni ezinkulu, emifuleni nasezintabeni. Ikhula kancane, kepha inani labantu bakhona likhulu kangangokuba laqala ukukhipha ama-trout kusuka kule mizimba yamanzi. Ukubhalwa kwalolu hlobo lwenhlanzi yi-tiger char, okuthi, ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi, ngenxa yokunqamula komuntu ohlala emanzini futhi osebenzisa i-trout.
4. IPacific (Kamchatka). Abantu bale nhlobo bakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso ngamakhilogremu ayi-10, bahlukaniswa yi-arctic ngemibala yabo. Uhlobo luhlukaniswa njengokufuduka - phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma, i-Kamchatka char char iqala ukuthutha ngobuningi iye emfuleni namachibi angamanzi amasha.
5. I-Boganidsky. Ngokusho kososayensi abavela eSiberia, le nhlobo yamashadi yamukelwa njengenye yezimpawu eziwusizo kakhulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-omega acid enyameni yayo. Inani laso lincane, ngakho-ke kuyivelakancane kakhulu ukuhlangana nezinhlanzi ezinjalo.
6. I-Mustachioed (avdyushka). ILoach ingeyokuhleleka kwama-cyprinid, atholakala emifuleni emincane, emachibini nasezindlini zokugcina amanzi, lapho kunaphansi kwesihlabathi nokugeleza kwamanzi okusheshayo. Izinhlanzi ezincane azivamile ukufinyelela ku-20 cm ubude. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezinhlobo ukuba khona kwezimpondo eziphindwe kathathu. Ngaphambi kobusika, i-avdyushka izifaka emhlabathini onesihlabathi phansi, ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukuyibamba ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu osekushiwo ngaphambili, kukhona ne-char enamabala aphuzi, i-palea, i-davatchan, i-malma, njll. Ngaphandle kokuthi abanye abantu bachitha iningi lempilo yabo emanzini anosawoti, le nhlanzi ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yimashi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi abahlali basemanzini abasatshalaliswa kude nolwandle, futhi kuyo yonke indawo ekhona, bakhetha ukuba semaphethelweni omfula abathuthele kuwo.