Ikhaya »Izinsiza» Amanothi »| Usuku: 05/15/2017 | Ukubukwa: 28562 | Izimvo: 0

UBrown, noma ezejwayelekile, yered (I-Plecotus auritus) isilwane esincane, esibukeka sihlekisayo esingowomndeni wamalulwane ajwayelekile (Vespertillionidae).

Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi igama lakhe lihlangene ngandlela thile nezindlebe. Ngempela, ubude bezindlebe cishe bulingana nobukhulu besilwane. Lapho leli bhathi lilele noma liphumula nje, liphonsa izindlebe zalo emuva lizifihle ngaphansi kwamaphiko alo.

IBrown ushanka ihlala emahlathini acwengile futhi aqobayo engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe lethu, eSouthern Siberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, kepha yonke indawo isibalo salesi silwanyana sincane. Kwamanye amazwe, kuhlala ePortugal, North Africa, Palestine, Iran, Central China.

I-ushana inamaphiko amafushane futhi abanzi, amaphiko ayo angafinyelela amasentimitha angama-28. Uboya bukhulu futhi kunalokho ubude. Umbala wayo ngemuva uvela ephuzi kuya ku-brown-brown, esiswini kukhanya.

Ukudla okusemqoka kwalawa malulwane izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene: omiyane, izimvemvane, izicabucabu. Ama-ushanka akagcini ngokubabamba kuphela, kodwa futhi abaqoqele ezihlahleni, aqonde ngokuqinile egatsheni. Kuyajabulisa ukuthi lesi silwane esincane asitholi isisulu saso hhayi ngamehlo, kodwa ngezindlebe ezinkulu, ngosizo lwe-echolocation. Ngakho-ke ezilwaneni ibizwa ngokuthi amandla okukhanyisa nokuqonda imisindo ecashile emkhathini.

Leli bhu lidla kuphela izingxenye ezithambile zebhungane noma uvemvane, liphonsa amaphiko alo kanye nesembozo sezilokazane esingenamandla sezinambuzane.

IBrown Ushanka isilwane esihamba nobusuku, indiza iyofuna ukudla kusihlwa futhi izingele kuze kuse. Ntambama, lesi silwane sehlathi siyaphumula, sicashe ezindaweni zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene: izimbobo zezihlahla noma emigedeni. Izindlebe-ezindlebe zihlala zodwa, yize kwesinye isikhathi zihlanganiswa zibe ngamaqembu amancane.

Lapho kuqala ubusika, ama-earflaps ansundu ansundu. Balala, njengawo wonke amanye amalulwane, babheke phansi, banamathele ngomlenze owodwa noma emibili kwelinye igatsha noma odongeni endaweni yabo yokuhlala. Kwesinye isikhathi phakathi nobusika, ushana angaphazamisa okuthile, futhi uvuke, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside - ngokushesha ulala futhi.

Inzalo yama-brown-flaps endlebe ivela ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa eyodwa kuphela encane, enqunu futhi iyimpumputhe. Ubambelela ngokuqinile kumama, ozithwalisa ingane aze afunde ukundiza ngokuzimela. Owesilisa akabambi iqhaza ekukhulisweni. Imvamisa kunyamalala lapho ingane izalwa.

Amacici amancane endlebe akhula ngokushesha: emva kwenyanga awahlukile ezihlotsheni zawo amadala.

Ama-Ushan abhekwa njengezakhamizi eziwusizo kakhulu emahlathini, ngoba abhubhisa inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezibangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezihlahla. Endle, la malulwane amahle ahlala iminyaka eyishumi.

Ifakiwe kuhlu olubomvu lwaseYurophu, izincwadi ezibomvu zaseSverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan naseTomsk Regions, eRepublic of Tatarstan. Ivikelwe endaweni yokugcina yemvelo yaseDenezhkin Kamen kanye nepaki yemvelo yaseDeer Brooks.

Isithombe se-Ushan bat

Imvamisa ugibela amagatsha ezihlahla noma izindonga zezakhiwo, azibambelele kuyo ngeminwe yakhe eyishumi futhi aqoqe izinambuzane ezimenzela ukudla. Isidumbu se-ushana simbozwe ngoboya obukhulu. Ingxenye engenhla ingumbala ophuzi, imnyama kakhulu, ibe nsundu. Futhi isisu kuphela simhlophe.

Ama-bat bat ajwayelekile ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nezisenyakatho zeYurophu. E-Russia, isatshalaliswa engxenyeni yayo yaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisenyakatho. Kuyatholakala naseMpumalanga Ekude naseningizimu yeSiberia. Izindawo zokuhlala zase-Ushanka zingamahlathi acijile futhi anqumayo, izintaba kanye nogwadule, kodwa yonke indawo ngamanani amancane.

Mhlawumbe lezi zilwane ezincane ziyahlangana futhi zihlala eduze kwethu. Isibonelo, endaweni ethile emvelweni, phakathi nokuhamba izintaba, futhi mhlawumbe nezwe, ushan uyandiza eduze. Kepha uma sinikezwe usayizi wazo omncane nokuthi azihambi ebusuku, asiziboni.

Balinda usuku endaweni ethile emigodini yezihlahla, emihumeni, emakamelweni, emifantweni yezakhiwo, nomaphi lapho bephephela khona. U-Ushan uhlala yedwa, isikhathi esiningi ngababili futhi kuyaqabukela emaqenjini amancane. Zidla eduzane nendawo yokukhosela, emaphethelweni ehlathi noma endaweni ecekethekileyo.

Kanye ngonyaka - ehlobo, i-ushanka iphindaphindeka. Ngendlela, iwundlu lizalwa lodwa, ngezikhathi ezithile - amabili. Izingane ziyazalwa ziyimvuthuluka, zinqunu futhi zingaboni. Umama ugqoka ingane enamathele ngokuqinile kuleyo ngono kuze kube yilapho inamandla okundiza.

Emihumeni , emigodini nasezitezi ezingaphansi, i-batan ithola indawo yokukhosela efudumele, lapho igibela khona ubusika bonke nama hibernates.

Emahlathini ushana izinzuzo, ngoba zibulala izinambuzane.

Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubuke i-movie ekhuluma ngezinzuzo zabantu ngamakhono we-aerodynamic amalulwane.

Jabulela ukubuka kwakho, shiya amazwana efomini elingezansi.

Inhlanhla yezimpuku ezindizayo futhi, kithi!

Bhalisela kuIsiteshi sami sezinkomo , phambi kwemininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo ngezilwane.

UWushan uyingqayizivele

zonke izifunda zokuphatha zeBelarus

Umndeni obushelelezi (i-Vespertilionidae).

Kuyabonakala kakhulu e-Belarus, kepha hhayi okuningi yonke indawo. Ukubuka kuhlala phansi. Insimu yeBelarus itholakala cishe phakathi nendawo engxenyeni yaseYurophu ebanga lolu hlobo.

Amasayizi mancane kunalawo okwempunga endlebeni. I-Wingspan 25-29.5 cm, ubude bomzimba 3.4-5.4 cm, umsila ongu-4.0-5.2 cm, izindlebe ezi-2.8-4.5 cm, izangalo ziyisi-3.8-4.9 cm, isisindo 4.7-10.5 g.

Uboya bufushane futhi abulingani. Umbala ungaphansi kokuhlukahluka ngakunye nokwendawo. Isisekelo sezinwele sinsundu noma simnyama, silandelwa ngamabhande anotshani-grey namaphethelo amnyama ansundu. Ngemuva kwezilwane eBelarus ngmpunga ekhanyayo ngokunamathela okubonakalayo okusobala, ikakhulukazi ezinhlangothini zentamo nesisu. Isisu siyabuna futhi simhlophe. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kutholakala abantu abaneboya obumnyama noma obukhanyayo. Amacici amancane ezindlebe afiphele futhi ampunga kunabantu abadala. Kwabantu abasha, umbala ophuzi umbala uvezwa buthaka. "Ikhola" elikhanyayo yombala ompunga omsulwa ku-hairline ezinhlangothini zentamo ayishiwo.

Isici esibonisa ukwahlukanisa izindlebe ezindlebeni ezinkulu kakhulu. Maphakathi kwendlebe kumbozwe amafolda aguqukayo ahlukahlukene. I-tragus yinde impela (ifinyelela ku-1.9 cm) futhi incane, ine-apex ekhomba. Ama-Auricles alula ukwedlula ulwelwesi. Izindlebe zinciphile, lapho kumamies owomile zivame ukoma “ngethhubhu” noma “iwundlu”. Amakhala awashintshelwa endaweni engenhla ye-muzzle. Isibungu uma sibukwa sisuka ohlangothini siseduze, sinekhala elivuvukala kakhulu. Umbala wobuso obungenazinwele wozalo uvame ukuba nombala wenyama. Ohlangothini olungafakwanga izinkophe kukhona isigaxa esikhulu esinamaqanda esinezinyanda zezinwele, eziqhathaniswa ngosayizi nosayizi wamehlo.

Unyawo lude, ubude balo ngaphandle kokufaka izilevu kungu-9-10 mm. Izinwele ezisezinzwaneni zezinyawo zivame ukuba zide futhi zilukhuni, ngendlela yama-bristles. Phakathi kwezisekelo zeminwe yodwa yonyawo, njengomthetho, ulwelwesi olunesikhumba (kubantu abaphilayo) lubonakala kahle.

Izimpiko zibanzi futhi zimfushane. Izindiza ezindizayo zimnyama noma zimnyama. Ulwelwesi lwe-caudal lunamathele emilenzeni yasemuva ngaphansi kweminwe futhi lishiya i-caudal vertebra yamahhala. I-epiblem ayakhiwa.

Izici. Ukuvuvukala ngemuva kwamakhala kukhule kahle, ishubhu elikhulu elimbozwe nge-vibrissae ngaphezulu kwamehlo. Ngombala woboya kuhlale kukhona amathoni ansundu futhi aphuzi: ingemuva liyashwabana noma libomvu ngombala, isisu sivele simhlophe qwa. Ngokuphikisana nozipho lwendlebe olimpunga, uzipho lomunwe wokuqala lubukhali, lubunjiwe ngubabhemi, olungamamitha ayi-2,5,3.1 ubude kanye nobude bonyawo (ngaphandle kwezingubo) 9-10 mm.

Lapho esebanjiwe, abantu abasebenza ngezindlebe ezinsundu bamelana ngonya, baphuma ngamandla futhi, njengomthetho, bayaluma.

Imvamisa ephakeme yezimpawu ze-ultrasonic ze-ered brown and grey azifani futhi zikububanzi be-3 frequency: 13-15, 35, 50 kHz.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusakazekeni kwe-ushana ngaphakathi kwe-Eurasia ukungabi nokunamathiselwa kunoma yisiphi isiphephelo esisodwa kanye nekhono lokuzinza ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ingatholakala ezindlini zezinyoni, emigodini, ngaphansi kwegxolo eligcwele, kuma-attic, ngemuva kwama-shutter namafreyimu wewindi.

Izindawo zokuhlala ezinsundu ezindlebeni zinsundu zihlukile: ukusuka emahlathini avikelwe kude kuya

izinkulungwane zezakhiwo ezinamakamelo amaningi amadolobha anamuhla. Kepha kusimeme

Lolu hlobo lwakha indawo yokuhlala lapho kukhona kuphela izimila ezinamahlahla. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamalulwane, abantu abangatholakala ekuhambeni kusihlwa cishe kunoma yisiphi isigodi sethu. Ngenxa yokudla kwaso kokudla kanye nokufuna okuzinambuzelayo kwezinambuzane ezihlahleni zezihlahla, kanye nomsakazo wayo omncane kakhulu wokutholwa, amafulethi ansundu ansundu ngokuvamile awanakwa kakhulu zombili izindlela zokuthola ukubamba nokubamba ngama-webs we spider. Amandla ayo angempela angaphakama ngokubonakalayo.

Ezindlini zokukhosela ehlobo, ezisezigodini zezihlahla, ezakhiweni zokhuni, ezindlini zezinyoni, kuvela ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi nasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.

Ama-Ushans aphila impilo eyedwa ngakho-ke awakhi amakhulu

amaqoqo. Kuliqiniso, izinsikazi zakha amakoloni amancane ngesamba sabantu abayi-12-20 phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane kanye nokudla kwamawundlu. USavitsky et al. (2005) akhombisa amakoloni abantu abungu-3-10. Abesilisa kule nkathi bagcina ngokwehlukana futhi bajoyina izintokazi ngemuva kokushintshwa kwabancane baye kwimo yokuzimela ekugcineni kwehlobo.

Amakoloni okubeletha akhiwa ngoMeyi, kwathi ngoJuni insikazi ngayinye izala amathole angama-1-2. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala, ziyaqala ukubona, kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 zimbozwe ngezinwele ezimfushane futhi zivele zigcwele emgodini lapho intokazi indiza iyoma. Kuze kube yilonyaka, amawundlu ahlala enina, abambelela ngokuqinile ezingonweni zomzimba wezinyamazane lapho zizingela izinambuzane. Eminyakeni eyi-6 yamaviki, ama-earflaps amancane afinyelela usayizi wabazali bawo futhi azimele ngokuphelele.

Ukundiza izindiza kwama-ushans kuqala ebusuku kusihlwa. Amasu wokundiza nokuzingela ngama-earflaps ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, izindlebe ezinohlaza onsundu zingumpetha ophelele phakathi kwamalulwane ethu. Uyindiza ubusuku bonke. I-altitude, izindiza ezihamba kancane ezibalelwa ku-1-6 m. Zingabambelela emoyeni endaweni eyodwa, ipulani. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, uvame ukuhlala emhlabathini noma emagatsheni ezihlahla, okungajwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane, nawo ahlala endaweni elinywayo. Unelukuluku, ufinyelela phezulu entweni ethile ephonswe emoyeni, ngokwesibonelo, ithawula elimhlophe. I-Ushan, ngokungafani namanye amalulwane ethu, ngokuzithandela futhi ivame ukuzingela emiqhele yemithi. Ngokuqhathanisa okungokomfanekiso, indiza yasebusuku yase-ushana ifana kakhulu nokundiza uvemvane losuku oludumile - urticaria.

Idla ezinambuzaneni ezinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi nendawo. Ingxenye yophanga iqoqa emaqabungeni, emagatsheni, otshanini, ezindleleni. Ngakho-ke ubuningi bezinto ezingenabhano ekudleni kwaso: izicabucabu, ama-centipedes, izibungu zezipoki, izidumbu, izimvemvane. Kodwa-ke, inyamazane enkulu ye-ushana amabhu, ikakhulukazi ama-scoops. Kepha ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwama-99% kokudla kwakhe kuseyizinambuzane.

Isici sesibili esiyingqayizivele se-ushan ukunemba kwaso okukhethekile ekudleni inyamazane. Ukubamba, ngokwesibonelo, uvemvane olukhulu (i-scoop, hawthorn), i-ushanka ayidli impukane, kepha ithwala inyamazane iya “etafuleni” laphakade: isisekelo severanda, ugongolo, isiphambano sebha yemidlalo evundlile, njll. Njengoba isizinze kahle, isebenzisa iminwe yemilenze yasemuva, izindlebe ezihlukanisayo zihlukanisa ngokucophelela izitho zomuntu ozihlukumezayo: amaphiko, izinyawo, nezimpondo ezincane. Amatafula wokudla anezindlebe zezindlebe ahlala njalo. Kutholwe, ngokwesibonelo, phansi ezakhiweni ezingenalutho, izimpiko ezigundile zezimvemvane ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi nezishintshayo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi umsebenzi wezidwaba namazinyo ezindlebe. UWushan futhi usebenzisa ngentshiseko izidleke zezinyoni ezidla inyama ukusika inyamazane yayo ngoJulayi-Agasti.

Ukuhlangana kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa abathanda i-ushana, kanye nezilwane zezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane ethu, bavame ukundizela emawindini avulekile wezindlu zokuhlala nezikhungo ebusuku.

Lapho kufundwa amacala okudla kwamalulwane ngabazingeli abahlukene, akukho thambo le-ushana elatholakala ezinsaleni zokudla kwezinyoni ezidla inyama.

IBrown Ushanka - inhlobo yokuhlala phansi, ayikaze yenze izindiza ezinkulu. Ibanga elikhulu lapho i-ushan indizela eYurophu ingamakhilomitha angama-66 kuphela. Leli banga nge-ushan lingandiza emahoreni angama-2-3.

U-Ushan ulala emifantwini noma obala, ngokwesibonelo, ulenga ophahleni lwamanzi futhi afihle izindlebe zakhe ezinde ngaphansi kwezimpiko. Ubuhlakani bama-ushans ngaphambi kokufihlakala kumangalisa.

Ebusika, i-ushan icasha ezindaweni zokuvikela ezivikelwe kahle: emiphongolweni, emiphongolweni, emiseleni ejulile, imigodi yezindandatho zikakhonkolo emithonjeni ejulile. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ebusika ngu- + 4 ° C, i.e. Ukushisa okujwayelekile kwamapishi emizaneni yethu. Imvamisa, i-ushana ifihlakala obala, inamathela ezindongeni, ophahleni lwangaphansi noma esisele. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abaningana bahlangana emgubhweni owodwa ongaphansi komhlaba, kepha ngamunye uzithinta ngasese, acashe, ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kwesipikili esidongeni. NgoDisemba - kuJanuwari, abantu abathile basebusika base-ushana ebusika batholakala emigodini yezihlahla batholakala ku-Belovezhskaya Pushcha lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya ngalesi sikhathi ligcinwa lisuka ku -3.7 ° liye ku -7.6 ° C. Ukufakwa uphawu kusungule ukunamathiselwa kwe-ushan ezindaweni ezifanayo zobusika, kanye neqiniso lokuthi izindawo zokukhosela ebusika zitholakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-2 kuye kwangama-30 ukusuka kwizindawo zokuphephela zasehlobo.

Ubusika obuphumelela kakhulu nobenziwa njalo ngamalulwane ethu kwenzeka ezindaweni ezivikelwe kahle ngokushisa okuhlala njalo nomswakama ophezulu. Kepha, okungenani kukhona okungenani umswakama omncane wokudonsa: kusuka ekubandakanyeni ebusweni obandayo (insimbi, isitini) noma kusuka kumanzi asemhlabathini. Amanzi abalulekile kubantu ebusika abavuka ngokuzumayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izindawo zokukhosela zasebusika zase-ushana, ngokwesibonelo, emiphongolweni yangasese nasezitolo zemifino ezihlanganisiwe azinawo umgwaqo ovimbela amanzi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukoma okwandisiwe kwe-ushanka kuyakwazi ukuqeda lapho ngokukhotha ujusi wezilimo eziyizigaxa ezilimele nezilimo zezimpande.

Ngakho-ke, izindwangu zoboya obunsundu, eziphakathi kwamalulwane ethu "zinenhlokodolobha" enkulu kunazo zonke zokuziphatha nezendawo ezungezile, kufanele zikhule kahle ngamanani. Kepha, ngenxa yezizathu ezingacacile, inani lalezi zinhlobo yonke indawo lihamba kancane futhi ngokuqinile. E-Ukraine, i-brown ushana yahlelelwa nokuthi ifakwe ohlelweni olulandelayo lweNcwadi Ebomvu kazwelonke.

UBrown Ushanka ungumnikazi wamarekhodi wokuhlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwamalulwane aseYurophu. Ngo-1990, kwaboshwa owesilisa enamarheya eminyakeni engama-30 edlule eJalimane. Ngokuvamile, impilo yamalulwane iyamangalisa. Ikakhulu uma ucabanga ukuthi ukuqhathanisa ngosayizi ku-ushan, isibonelo, igundane lendlu lihlala kuphela iminyaka eyi-1-3.