Iya kusihloko sesigaba: Izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs
- Class: Amphibia = Amphibians
- I-oda: Temnospondyli † =
- Umndeni: Mastodonsauridae † = Mastodonosaurids
- Uhlobo: Mastodonsaurus † = Mastodonosaurus
- Izinhlobo: Mastodonsaurus jaegeri † = Mastodonosaurus
- Izinhlobo: Mastodonsaurus giganteus † = Mastodonosaurus
- Izinhlobo: Mastodonsaurus torvus † = Mastodonosaurus
I-Mastodonosaurus
Ama-Mastodonosaurs aphila eminyakeni engama-250 ezigidi edlule. Okhokho babo babengabaphangi. Uhlobo olujwayelekile yi-Mastodonsaurus giganteus, echazwe nguG. Jäger ngo-1828 ngesisekelo sezinsalela ezivela eMiddle Triassic yaseJalimane. Atholwe eGuildorf futhi enamazinyo futhi eyingxenye yamathambo e-occipital, elele eduzane, kepha alethwe elabhoratri ngabaqoqi abahlukahlukene. Noma kunjalo, u-Yeager uthi izinyo lazo lithana nezilwane ezihuquzelayo (empeleni iMastodonsaurus), kanti i-nape, ngokususelwa ebukhoneni bemikhondo emibili, bathi yi-amphibians (uhlobo lweSalamandroides).
Ama-Mastodonosaurs ayengabadli be-benthic sedentary, cishe ngokungashiyi amanzi. Bazingela izinhlanzi futhi ngenxa yalokho kwakuqabukela beshiye imvelo yasemanzini. Balala emanzini belindele inyamazane, kwathi lapho inyamazane isondela, bayibamba.
I-mastodonosaurus isilwane esikhulu, ubude obugcwele bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6, futhi ikhanda lodwa lalingaphansi kwemitha ubude. Kuqala, bekukholelwa ukuthi ubude besheya babu cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude obuphelele, kepha ukucwaninga kwamathambo aphelele avela eKupferzell kwakukhombisa ukuthi lokhu akunjalo. Eqinisweni, igebhezi lalicishe libe yingxenye yesine yobude obugcwele, noma ngaphansi. Izimbambo ze-mastodonosaurus zazibuthakathaka. Umzimba ufana nomzimba wengwenya, kepha uthambile futhi umkhulu. Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, ngokubukeka babebukeka njengamaxoxo amakhulu. I-Stereoscopic vertebrae ..
Isigaxa se-mastodonosaurus sasingunxantathu ngesimo, sibunjiwe, kepha siphethe i-occiput ephakeme; Izisekelo zamehlo zahlanganiswa, futhi zitholakala cishe phakathi kwekhanda, zaqondiswa phezulu. Ithambo langaphambili lenza umphetho ongaphakathi we-orbit, umjikelezo - ngaphandle kokuphuma kamuva. Ingxenye yangaphandle yamathambo e-tabular iqondiswa kamuva. Ama-Auricles mancane, avulekile. Imisele ebanzi yezitho zomugqa wekhanda kuseyili ithuthukiswe kahle, igebhezi lambozwa ngesithombe esibunjiwe (uphawu lokuxilonga lohlobo). Ngaphambi kwamakhala kukhona izimbobo ezimbili okuthi ngazo, ngomlomo ovaliwe, iziqalo “zokuphambuka” kwepali lomhlathi ophansi. Umhlathi ophansi ngenqubo enkulu efakiwe. Amazinyo amaningi kakhulu, mancane, kuma-maxilla ahlelwe ngemigqa emi-2. "Ama-fangs" amakhulu asesibhakabhakeni.
Isikhumba salezi zilwane sasinamanzi nezindlala ze-mucous.
Igama lohlobo mhlawumbe lihambisana nokwakheka kwamazinyo, futhi hhayi ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu (amazinyo okuqala atholakala, ngokusobala, ayengama “fangs” omhlathi ophansi). Kuyamangaza ukuthi izinsalela zangemva kokudalwa kwabantu zazivele zaziwa ngekhulu le-19, kepha azange zichazwe ngokufanele. Kusuka lapha lapho kwaqala khona umbono wokuthi iMedodonosaurus iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 ingulube enkulu, eyaqalwa nguR. Owen. Ngasikhathi sinye, uR. Dawson, osekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, wabhala ukuthi ama-labyrinthodon ase-Triassic afana kakhulu nama-Newts noma izingwenya.
I-Mastodonosaurus
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
I-Subtype: | Ama-vertebrates |
Ukwahlula: | Ama-Tetrapods |
Ibanga: | Ama-Amphibians |
Isigcawu: | I-Temnospondyli |
Umndeni: | Mastodonsauridae |
Ubulili: | I-Mastodonsaurus |
- M. jaegeri
- M. giganteus
- M. torvus
I-Mastodonosaurus (lat. Mastodonsaurus) - ummeleli omkhulu wama-labyrinthodonts wesikhathi se-Triassic.
Incazelo
Izinyamazane ezidla ukudla okuhlala phansi ezingadliwayo, cishe cishe azishiyi amanzi.
Ugebhezi lwe-mastodonosaurus lakhiwe ngunxantathu ngesimo, luyisicaba, kepha ngombono ophakeme, ubude beswazi bufika ku-1.75-2 m. Izindlela eziseduze zisondele, zitholakala cishe maphakathi nogebhezi, ziqondiswe phezulu. Ithambo langaphambili lenza umphetho ongaphakathi we-orbit, umjikelezo - ngaphandle kokuphuma kamuva. Amathambo ekhanda abambe kakhulu. Ingxenye yangaphandle yamathambo e-tabular iqondiswa kamuva. Ama-Auricles mancane, avulekile. Imisele ebanzi yezitho zomugqa wekhanda kuseyili ithuthukiswe kahle, igebhezi lambozwa ngesithombe esibunjiwe (uphawu lokuxilonga lohlobo).
Ngaphambi kwamakhala kukhona izimbobo ezimbili okuthi ngazo, ngomlomo ovaliwe, iziqalo “zokuphambuka” kwepali lomhlathi ophansi. Umhlathi ophansi ngenqubo enkulu efakiwe. Amazinyo amaningi kakhulu, mancane, kuma-maxilla ahlelwe ngemigqa emi-2. "Ama-fangs" amakhulu asolwandle.
Kuqala, bekukholelwa ukuthi ubude besheya babu cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude obuphelele, kepha ukucwaninga kwamathambo aphelele avela eKupferzell kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu akunjalo. Eqinisweni, igebhezi lalicishe libe yingxenye yesine yobude obugcwele, noma ngaphansi.
Izingalo zibuthakathaka. Umzimba ufana nomzimba wengwenya, kepha uthambile futhi umkhulu. Ama-vertebrae angama-stereoscopic. Ubude bebonke bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-9.
Indaba yokutholwa
Ukubuka kohlobo - Mastodonsaurus giganteus, ochazwe uG. Yeager ngo-1828 ngesisekelo sezinsalela ze-Middle Triassic yaseJalimane. Atholwe eGuildorf futhi enamazinyo nengxenye yamathambo e-occipital, elele eduzane, kepha alethwe elabhoratri ngabaqoqi abahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, u-Yeager wathi izinyo lesi silwane esidliwayo esibuhlungu (empeleni I-Mastodonsaurus), kanti i-nape, ngokususelwa ebukhonweni bezinhlobo ezimbili zokuziphatha, yachazwa njenge-amphibian (uhlobo Ama-salamandroides).
Igama lohlobo mhlawumbe lihambisana nokwakheka kwamazinyo, futhi hhayi ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu (amazinyo okuqala atholakala, ngokusobala, ayengama “fangs” omhlathi ophansi). Izimpawu zalolu hlobo yilezi I-Mastodonsaurus salamandroides, ILabyrinthodon jaegeri, Mastodonsaurus jaegeri, Mastodonsaurus acuminatus.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi izinsalela zangemva kokudalwa kwabantu zazivele zaziwa ngekhulu le-19, kepha azange zichazwe ngokufanele. Lapha yilapho umqondo we-mastodonosaurus njengesiqhwaga esikhulu, esiqala ngo-R. Owen, usuqhubeke iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100. Ngasikhathi sinye, uR. Dawson, osekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, wabhala ukuthi amaLaborin wama-Triassic acishe afane kakhulu namathoyizi noma izingwenya. Ivela eLadinia Germany (iBaden-Württemberg, iBavaria, iThuringia).
M. torvus - Uhlobo lwesibili oluqhamuka kwi-Triassic of the Urals (Orenburg Region kanye neBashkiria). Yachazwa ngu-E. D. Konzhukova ngonyaka ka-1955. Yaziwa ngezinsalela eziqhekekile (skull eMnyuziyamu we-PIN - kabusha). Akuzange kwehliswe ngosayizi kwifomu laseJalimane.