Bukarka - Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi zezihlahla zezithelo. Kusatshalaliswa engxenyeni yonke yezwe laseYurophu, ikakhulukazi eningizimu. Enyakatho iza esifundeni saseYaroslavl. Amabhungane nezibungu ziyingozi. Ama-buds alimala nama-buds aphenduka ansundu bese efa, bese amaqabunga ewa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye ebalulekile yesitshalo ilahlekile.
Ibhungane lebhungane linombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka one-metenic sheen, ubude bomzimba ongu-2,5-3 mm. i-rostrum igobeke ngokuqinile. Amaphuzi aphuzi, angenamlenze, agobile, anekhanda elimdaka elimnyama, ubude bomzimba bufika ku-3 mm. I-Pupa ephuzi-mhlophe, ubude bayo bungama-2,5-3.
UBukarka ubhungatha ubusika emhlabathini ongaphezulu. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwamahlamvu wezithelo, izimbungulu zishiya izindawo zasebusika bese ziqala ukudla, okokuqala yizinso, kamuva kuqhakaze amahlumela bese kushiya ukuphuma. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesihlahla sama-apula, amabhungane e-bukarka abeka amaqanda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, insikazi ifihla imbobo ku-petiole noma emthanjeni ophakathi kweqabunga, lapho iqanda liwela khona.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-6-8, kuphuma izibungu emaqandeni, eziqubule umsele endaweni ye-petiole kanye ne-central vein, igcwalise nge-excrement brown, bese iqeda ukondla ngamaqabunga awile. Isikhathi sokudla kwezibungu sithatha izinsuku ezingama-25-30. Lapho sebeqedile ukondla, baya emhlabathini ukuyolanda futhi amabhungane akhiqizwayo e-bukark ahlala egcwele. Ezinye izibungu ziwela kwi-diapause futhi zidonsa kuphela ekupheleni kwehlobo lonyaka olandelayo.
UBrant
I-Goose pest ijwayelekile emzileni ophakathi naseningizimu yeRussia. Umuthi we-goose ulinyazwe yi-apula, eliphakathi kwethanga, iplamu, i-blackthorn, i-cherry, i-apricot kanye nezihlahla zethanga. Ukuqunjelwa izinhlamvu, amaqabunga, amahlumela amasha nezithelo, kungadala ingozi ebonakalayo. Ukuhlwaya isiqu, inkathazo ibangela ukuwa kwesithelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ibhungane lama-goose libomvu rasipberry, licwebezela, linombala oluhlaza okotshani obomvu noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubude bawo bungamamitha ayi-4,5-6,5 mm, ubude be-rostrum ende, egobekile, nomzimba ombozwe izinwele ezinwebekile. Izibungu ze-Ivory goose, ezisinki, ezigoqiwe, ezigogekile, ezingenamlenze, nekhanda elinsundu elimnyama, ubude bomzimba 8-9 mm. I-Pupa ephuzi-mhlophe, embozwe ngezinwele ezi-sparse, imfoloko i-chitinous ekugcineni kwesisu, ubude bomzimba 4-5 mm.
Ama-Goose mabhungane azala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, kwesinye isikhathi emagxolo aqhekekile. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokuqala kokuvuvukala kwezinso, amabhungane ashiya izindawo zobusika aqale ukondla ezinso. Ekuqaleni, i-goose idla ipulamu, kamuva idlulela esihlahleni se-apula. Isonto ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwesihlahla sama-apula, amabhungane abeka amaqanda awo. Kulokhu, insikazi ifafaza igumbi elijulile le-2-3 mm esibelethweni bese ibeka iqanda phansi, ilimboze ngezingcezu ze-fetus kanye ne-excrement, lapho iveza khona ama-pathogen ezithelo athela esibelethweni. Ngemuva kokubekela amaqanda, iququda isiqu, esheshisa ukuwa kwesibeletho. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-9, izibungu ziyaqhamuka emaqanda, ezidla ngokujiya okujikelezayo kwesibeletho Ukuthuthuka kanye nokudla kwezibungu kuhlala cishe inyanga. Ngemuva kwalokho zivela ezithelweni zingene zingene emhlabathini zijule ngamasentimitha ayi-10, lapho zilala khona. Ama-goose mabhungane wesizukulwane esisha aqhamuka enhlabathini ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ekuqaleni ekwindla, bese ondla ngamahlamvu wezithelo.
I-Rhynchites bacchus
IColeoptera (Amabhungane) - IColeoptera
Izithelo ze-Goose - inkathazo yama-cherries, izihlahla ze-apula, ama-apricots, ama-plums e-cherry, amakhethini, ameva, amaplamu, amaqabunga e-bay, ama-cherries, ama-quinces kanye nama-alimondi. Ilimaze imago. Amabhungane amadala adla kuma-buds, amaqabunga, amahlumela aluhlaza, ama-rosette ama-buds nezimbali, ama-ovari, izithelo. Izibungu zondla kuphela izithelo ezibolile. Ukuzala kabusha izilimi ezimbili. Ukuthuthuka kuqediwe. Ubusika esiteji sabadala emhlabathini. IGeneration unyaka owodwa, kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka emibili.
Chofoza esithombeni ukwandisa
Ububanzi 2.5-4
izinso ku-phenophase
Isigaxa esiluhlaza
I-Morphology
I-Imago. Ubhungane ubomvu wethusi noma onsomi wegolide. Yonke i-rostrum, izimpondo kanye nemilenze ibubende. Izinwele ezimboze umzimba zimhlophe ngaphezulu, zimnyama ngezansi. I-Elytra grooves nxazonke. Izikhathi zokufakwa kwamagogo zisonteke kancane. I-rostrum engxenyeni engemuva ene-keel nama-grooves aseduze. Ubukhulu - 4.5-6.5 mm ngaphandle kwe-rostrum, ene-rostrum - ukuya ku-10 mm. I-Antennae iqonde, inengxenye yokuqala emfushane, ehlukanisa yona nomndeni wama-weevils.
I-dimorphism yezocansi. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. I-proboscis kwabesifazane iqondile, imvamisa kakhulu kunakwabesilisa. Ohlangothini olungaphansi lwezingxenye ezine zokuqala zesisu maphakathi kukhona izinwele ezinde ezinombala omhlophe. Abesilisa baveze kancane ama-proboscis, futhi isisu sibomvu ngokunsomi nge-sheen yensimbi, ngaphandle kwezinwele.
Iqanda i-ellipsoidal, okumhlophe okunamanzi, ubude - 1 mm.
ULerva ominyene, eminyene, emhlophe, ngaphandle kwemilenze, egobile kancane, enekhanda elinsundu elincane. Ubude - 5-9 mm. Ububanzi - 2.5-5 mm.
Idoli umbala omhlophe. Ikhanda, i-antennae, imilenze nezembozo zephiko zibonakala kahle. Ubude - 6-7 mm.
I-Phenology of development (ngezinsuku)
Intuthuko
I-Imago avele enhlabathini ngentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso, ngamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke acishe abe ngu-6 ° C. Izinambuzane zabantu abadala ziqala ukudla izinso, ziqhekeze okuqukethwe. Kamuva zidla amaqabunga, amahlumela aluhlaza, ama-rosette ama-buds nezimbali, ama-ovari, izithelo.
Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa ibika ukuphela kwe-phenophase yezimbali zezihlahla zezithelo. Izinsikazi zigebha izimbobo ezijulile ezitsheni, ngaphansi kwazo amaqanda abekwe khona - umgodi ngamunye.
Iqanda embozwe isikhumba se-fetus kanye ne-excrement. Amaqanda ambalwa abekwa esithelweni esisodwa. Isibonelo, ku-apula elikhulu, inani lamaqanda elibekwe lingafinyelela ishumi nambili. Ukubekwa kweqanda kuyaqhubeka - kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-20 kuye kwezingu-60. Umuntu oyedwa angazalela amaqanda angama-200. Lapho eseqedile ukubeka esithelweni esisodwa, insensane insikazi kusiqu sezithelo zayo. Isithelo siwela emhlabathini nama rots.
ULerva Izithelo ze-Goose zingadla kuphela izithelo ezibolile. Uyafa ngezithelo zonke. Izibungu zibopha ezinsukwini ezingama-6-7. Ukhula phakathi kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Ngemuva kokukhula, izibungu zingena enhlabathini ziye ekujuleni kuka-10-15 cm, zihlele ngokwazo amakamelo omhlaba asayizi wethanga nethanga.
Idoli isemhlabathini cishe inyanga. Lapha uphenduka ubhungane lakhulile.
I-Imago phuma enhlabathini ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Zikhwela ngokushesha izihlahla, lapho zidla khona kuze kufike sekwedla izithelo ezithelo, efihlekile kanye namahlumela aluhlaza. Ebusika, amahansi aya emhlabathini.
Izici Zokuthuthuka. Kude nakho konke izibungu zamaqhubu bese kuphenduka amabhungane ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Iningi lazo liwela ekuhambeni bese lihlala kusibalo kuze kube nguJulayi-Agasti wonyaka olandelayo. Ngakho-ke, i-goose yezithelo iboniswa isizukulwane sonyaka owodwa nambili. Impilo yama-larval ithonywa kakhulu yikhwalithi yokudla kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ezivinjelweni ze-apula kukhona izibungu ezi-diapausing eziningi. Ukwanda kwezibungu ekuphanjukeni kwabonwa nangaphandle kokungabinamvula nokuphola kwesikhashana ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Izinhlobo zezomvelo eziseduze
Ngokusho kwe-morphology (isakhiwo sangaphandle) somuntu omdala, i-goose enkulu (i-giant) yiyona esondele kakhulu (I-Rhynchites giganteus Krynski). Ihluka ezinhlotsheni ezichazwe yilezi zici ezilandelayo: amaphuzu we-elytra grooves ayadonswa maphakathi noma amabili ngokuhlangene, izikhala ezifakwa phakathi kwama-grooves awalingani, aminyene, angalingani, umbala obomvu wethusi onombala oluhlaza okotshani, onsomi kuphela esiqongweni se-rostrum, embozwe izinwele ezimhlophe, eziphakanyisiwe kancane, zivame kakhulu ekhasini eliphakathi, ubukhulu 6.5-9 mm.
Ukuchazwa kwesimo sokuphila kwezinhlobo
Isithelo seGoose (Rhynchites basshul) simele umndeni wamapayipi, i-genus Rhinchitis (Rhynchites). Ubhungane ungokwesigaba sezinambuzane zezithelo. Ubukhulu bayo buyi-4.5-6.5 mm, uma unikezwe i-rostrum - 10 mm. Umzimba unemibala egqamile, kunezikali ezimbili zemibala ekhazimulayo: onsomi ngegolide nohlaza, obomvu wethusi wegolide. Ama-rostrum, izimpondo kanye namawele wemikhawulo awububende. Ikhanda lincane, amehlo acwebile, ayindilinga. Ububanzi bekhanda budlula ubude.
I-rostrum i-cylindrical, inwetshelwa phezulu. Izitho zomlomo zitholakala i-proboscis. Akukho lip eliphezulu, maxillae ukunyakaza ngokuqondile. Onqenqemeni lwangaphandle lwama-mandibles uchungechunge lwama-denticles. I-Antennae yinde futhi iqondile, isendaweni ye-rostrum. Kuqukethe izingxenye eziyi-11, okuphela ngentambo enezingxenye ezi-3.
Ingxenye ephezulu imbozwe ngezinwele ezikhanyayo, ezingezansi zimnyama. Isisekelo se-elytra singunxande; amashubhu ehlombe akhule kahle. Izingxenye ezingemuva zicishe zifane, futhi phezulu liyindilinga. Isibazi sinemiyalezo emincane enezimpawu zokugcina ezinamachashaza. Amaphoyinti ayindilinga. Izinkalo zikhuluphele, azikho izingcingo kanye nezinkinobho emilenzeni, i-tarsus enezinhlangothi ezine, uzipho olufakwe ezansi. Izimpiko zezinduna zikhule kahle, izimbungulu ziyandiza.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuzala
Abadala bazibekela emifantweni yamagxolo esihlahla noma ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile. Maphakathi no-Ephreli, ngesimo sezulu esifudumele, bashiya ubuthongo babo. Kubo, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nosuku le- + 8 ° kwanele. Goose go feed kuma efihlekile, efihlekile kanye namahlamvu. Bacishe bakunqamula ngokuphelele okuqukethwe izinso. Abadala bavela ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezihlahla zama-apula.
Imininingwane. Izithelo ze-Goose ziyakwazi ukuqothula wonke ama-buds wezitshalo ezitshalweni zezihlahla zezihlahla ngesikhathi esifushane.
I-Malware
Izithelo ze-Goose - i-polyphage. Kulimaza ama-cherries, izihlahla zama-apula, ama-apricots, ama-plums e-cherry, amapetshisi, ameva, amaplamu, ama-laurels, ama-cherries, ama-quinces kanye nama-alimondi. Izibungu nabadala bayingozi, kepha amabhungane amadala enza ukulimala kakhulu.
Ukuqubuka kokuzala kwezithelo ze-goose kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezitshalo okukhulu. Ngokubona ukuthi ibhungane lilimaza izinso, namaqabunga nezithelo, ukulahleka kungasondela ku-100%.
Umkhawulo wobunzima bezomnotho yezithelo ze-goose zenzeka lapho i-15% yezinso ilimala ku-phenophase yesigaxa esiluhlaza.
Ukuzala
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izinambuzane ziqala ukwanda. Ukuhluma kubekwe ekugcineni kwezimbali zezihlahla zezithelo. Ukuze ubekele amaqanda, insikazi ihlanza igumbi elincane elingu-2-3 mm ngezithelo eziluhlaza. Iqanda elilodwa elimhlophe, elinamanzi, libekwa ngaphakathi. Umgodi uvaliwe ngesigaxa sokumba. Kukubo lapho inqwaba yokutheleleka fungal ingena fetus. Amaqanda amaningana abekwa esithelweni esisodwa ezindaweni ezihlukile. Insikazi ifukuza isiqu ukukhulula umbungu futhi ibangele ukuwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Imininingwane. E-apula elilodwa elikhulu, insikazi yensikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-30, iwagubungele ngesikhumba se-fetus kanye nokuphuma kwayo.
Isikhathi sokukhula kombungu sithatha izinsuku ezingama-6-8. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenzalo kuthatha cishe inyanga. I-larva igobile kancane, inomzimba. ngenombolo ethambile. Ikhabethe lekhanda lakhiwe kahle. I-Antennae yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili, eyokuqala ivela ngokuqinile. Akunamehlo alula. Umzimba umhlophe, ikhanda lilinsundu. Imilenze yesifuba ayikho. Izibuko zitholakala kuma-sternites wesisu. I-larva ikwazi ukudla kuphela isithelo esibolile, ngakho-ke ingxenye yenzalo iyafa.
Lapho sesifinyelele eminyakeni yokugcina, izibungu zishiya izinsalela ze-fetus bese zizifaka emhlabathini. Ekujuleni kwe-10-15 cm, uhlela igumbi lobumba nemidlwane. I-Dolly yombala omhlophe, ubude 6-7 mm. Amadevu nemikhawulo kubonakala ngokusobala. Ngemuva kwenyanga, kuvela ihansi. IBhungane lisuka ngokushesha enhlabathini ligibele izihlahla zezithelo. Zidla ngamaqabunga, izithelo, amahlumela aluhlaza kuze kube ekwindla sekwephuzile. Kuqala kuphela kwesithwathwa lapho abacasha khona emifantu yegxolo noma behlele kwimibuthano eseduze, lapho bezingcwaba ngamaqabunga kanye nemfucumfucu yesitshalo.
Imininingwane. Isifiso sokuphila kwezithelo ze-goose yizinsuku ezingama-65-80.
Isici sezinhlobo ukubambezeleka ekwakheni izibungu. Akubona bonke abaphaphayo ngonyaka wokuqala. Ingxenye yenzalo yobumba lodaka iwela ekuphanjukeni. I-Metamorphosis yenzeka ehlobo lonyaka olandelayo. Izinambuzane zivezwa unyaka owodwa nesizukulwane seminyaka emibili. Ikakhulu izibungu eziningi zihlala zidonsela phansi ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu eziphikisayo: amazinga okushisa aphansi, ukuntuleka kwezulu.
Ukulwa
Imicimbi ye-Agrotechnical. Ukubekwa kwezihlahla ezindaweni ezimanzi kahle, ukuchekululwa kwenhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile kwimibuthano yesihlahla-isiqu kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, futhi ukuqoqwa okufika ngesikhathi kokubola kwe-carrion kunganciphisa kakhulu isibalo sabantu abaningi be-goose engadini eyodwa.
Indlela yokwenza. Ezindaweni zasendlini, kunengqondo ukuhambisa amabhungane entweni engasakazeki yobumba (i-tarpaulin, ifilimu), kulandelwe ukuqoqwa ngokucophelela nokubhujiswa kwezinambuzane zabantu abadala. Lo mcimbi awukhawulelwe esikhathini esilinganiselwe. Izigaba zokukhula kwe-goose zivumela ukufeza umphumela wokuqhaqhazeka ngesikhathi sokukhula sonke isikhathi.
Indlela yesicupho. Emabheleni entwasahlobo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kubekwe amabhande okuzingela otshani nezinye izinto, kwangaphambi kokulashwa ngamalungiselelo ahlukahlukene wokubulala izinambuzane. Izicupho ziyasebenza kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Ukulwa ne-goose yezithelo, indlela yezindandatho ze-glue iyasebenza.
Indlela yamakhemikhali. NGEMPELAkuthulula imiqhele yemithi yezithelo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi masinyane ngemuva kokuqedwa kwayo. Ama-pyrethroids, ama-neonicotinoid, ama-organophosphorus compounds asetshenziselwa ukufafaza. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu ngesithelo se-goose sesitshalo salo nyaka, kuyadingeka ukwengeza ukufafazwa kwekwindla komqhele neziqu zesihlahla ngemuva kokuvuna.
Indlela yemvelo yokulwa. Ukufafaza ngamayeza okubulala izinambuzane. Ukuheha izinyoni ezingavikeleki engadini. Umphumela we-invertebrate nematode ezinombolweni ze-goose uyafundwa: i-mermetid, rhabditide ne-diplogasteride.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane, izimuncagazi zesidumbu sezithelo ze-goose yilezi: abagibeli Ama-calcineustes taceipes Khonzani futhi Bracon rhynchiti Grehe, Ethereal - I-Pimpla calodata Crav.
Ukwehla kwenani le-goose engadini kuthonywa ngumakhelwane wezintuthwane (imindeni I-Formicidae) kanye neminyovu evela emndenini wakwaVespid (I-Vespidae).
Lapho ubhala le ndatshana, imithombo elandelayo nayo isetshenzisiwe:
Hlangana nePest
Izithelo zeGoose yisiphuzo esikhula sibe ngu-4-6 mm ubude futhi sipendwe ngamathoni amnyama na-raspberry nge-sheen encane eluhlaza okotshani. Ama-paws, izimpondo, kanye nama-parasites afinyelela kubude obuyi-7 mm mm ngumbala onsomi omnyama ngombala, futhi yonke imizimba yabo imbozwe izinwele ezimnyama, ezingenasici. Ububanzi bamakhanda we-goose yezithelo budlula ubude bawo, futhi nobude be-expressionotum bulingana nobubanzi bawo. Ngokuqondene ne-elytra, ubude bawo bungaphezu kobubanzi, futhi bona ngokwabo baxhotyiswe ngemidwebo ejwayelekile engaxutshwe nalutho.
Ubukhulu bamaqanda ama-oval amhlophe we-goose asebangeni ukusuka ku-0.9 kuya ku-1,2 mm. Izibungu ezingenacala, ezikhula zisuka ku-7 kuye ku-9 mm ubude, zigobile futhi zipendwe ngamathoni amhlophe ophuzi. Futhi amakhanda abo ahlala ansundu. Ubude be-pupae, mhlophe nge-tinge ephuzi, ngu-6-9 mm. Zonke zimbozwe ngezinwele ezi-sparse, kanti izingxenye zokugcina zemizimba yazo zifakwe amafulegi ama-chitinous.
Izibungu zinqwabelana emhlabathini, kanye nezinambuzane ezingafakwanga - ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile nakuwo imifantu yegxolo. Entwasahlobo, lapho ama-buds amancane eqala ukuvuvukala, futhi isilinganiso sokushisa sansuku zonke singama-degree ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili, izimbungulu zikhuphuka umqhele wesihlahla bese ziqala ukudla lapho. Futhi ukuphuma kwabo ezindaweni zobusika kuyaphela ngaphambi kokuba izihlahla zama-apula ziqhume. Izinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-goose izithelo mate bese uqala ukubeka amaqanda. Emaqandeni ezithelo, izinsikazi zezinsikazi zikhala kuze kube ngu-2-3 mm ngokujulile. Phansi kwale migodi amaqanda abekwa ngemuva kwalokho, ambozwe ngotshani nezingcezu. Eceleni kwamakamelo amaqanda, izinsikazi ezifakayo zigaya amakamelo okwesibili, zilimaza isikhumba futhi zethule izithelo ezibolile ziye enyameni yezithelo ezakha.Ngemuva kokuthi amaqanda abekwe, izinsikazi ziququda umhlanga, ngenxa yalokho ukuwa kwezithelo kushesha kakhulu. Ukuzala okuphelele kowesifazane ngamunye kufinyelela amaqanda angamakhulu amabili, futhi isikhathi sokuphila sezimbungulu eziyingozi sisukela ezinsukwini ezingamashumi ayisithupha kuya kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili.
Inqubo yokubekwa kwamaqanda kuma -ese go izithelo ivame ukuphela eduze kwengxenye yesibili kaJuni, kanye nasendaweni eyihlathi-steppe - cishe ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ngezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye, izibungu ezibusayo ezidla ngokubola kwezithelo ziyazalwa emaqanda. Uma izithelo zingaqali ukubola, izibungu ziyafa ngokushesha, futhi kulezo zindawo lapho amaqanda ayebekwe khona, ifomu le-war cts warts elingajabulisi neze.
Izibungu zondla izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu nesithupha. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, zishiya izithelo ziqhubekele ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili neshumi nesithupha zingene emhlabathini, lapho kamuva zihlinza khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, cishe ama-50% abantu abakhula ezithelweni zezihlahla zezihlahla zama-apula izibungu, kanye nama-80% ezithelo zeplamu.
Cishe izinsuku eziyishumi nesithupha kuya kweziyishumi nesishiyagalombili emva kokuhlatshwa, ukuvela kwezimbungulu kungabhekwa. Ukufika phezulu, zidla amahlumela amancane, izithelo nama-buds kuze kube ekwindla sekwephuzile. Futhi lapho nje kubanda, amakhaza obuqili aya ezindaweni zobusika. Izibungu ezilimazayo ezisele emhlabathini ziwela ekuphanjukeni, bese zizwakala vele ngoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ungalwa kanjani
Ukubola izithelo, kubalulekile ukuzama ukuqoqa futhi ukubhubhise ngokushesha. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga ewile, kanye nesikhathi sokuqunjelwa kwenqwaba, izibungu ziqhuba ukutshala kwenhlabathi ngokucophelela.
Uma izimbungulu eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ziqala ukuwela esihlahleni ngasinye sezithelo, ziqala ukwelashwa ngama-insecticides. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kunikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu esigabeni sokuhlukaniswa kwe-bud.
Indlela yokubambisa nayo iveze ukuthi ilungile impela - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amabhande okudoba enziwe ngotshani noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba ziphathwe ngama-insecticides abekwe eduze kwezindawo zokubopha izinkuni. Izicupho ezinjalo zivame ukusebenza kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula.
Incazelo
UBrant ilimaza i-apula, iplamu, i-apricot, kancane kaningi - i-pearl, i-cherry, i-sweet cherry, i-peach. Yande kabanzi, iyingozi kakhulu endaweni yehlathi ne-steppe.
Beetle 4-6 mm ubude. okusajingijolo obomvu, ocwebezelayo nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani obomvu, embozwe izinwele ezimfushane ngombala onsundu noma ophuzi. I-rostrum i-cylindrical, emincane, ihlangana futhi ihlikihla maphakathi nendawo. Ama-rostrum, izimpondo kanye nama-paws kukhona onsomi emnyama. Ama-elytra ngemuva kwe-scutellum acindezelekile kancane, ngama-grooves ajwayelekile angashisi.
Womabili la mabhungane kanye nezibungu hibernate: mabhungane ngaphansi kwesiqabunga seqabunga, emifantwini yamagxolo, nezibungu ezingxenyeni zomhlabathi ongaphezulu komqhele wezihlahla. Entwasahlobo, amabhungane ashiya izindawo zawo zobusika emazingeni okushisa aphansi nsuku zonke angama-8 ° C futhi aqongelela emiqhele yezihlahla.
Okokuqala ziqhakaza imiqumbe, kamuva ilimaze imiqumbe, izimbali, amaqabunga nezithelo.
Amabhungane mate ekugcineni zom zezitshalo zikaphayini. Ngokushesha, izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo epulpuni lesithelo.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, insikazi ye-gnothotor igaya igumbi elincane elingu-2-3 mm ekujuleni kwepulpula, ibeka iqanda kuyo bese ivale umgodi ngokugaya futhi inamathele okuthunyelwe. Amaqanda ambalwa angabekwa esithelweni esisodwa. Sekukonke, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda afinyelela kwangama-200 entwasahlobo.
Ngokubumbana nokumba, amabhungane aletha emanxebeni ezithelo nezithelo zokubola kwezithelo, okubangela ukubola kwepulpiti. Ngemuva kokunamathisela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, izinsikazi ziququda uhlaka, izithelo ezinjalo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ziyawa.
Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha izinsuku ezingama-6- 10. Ama-larvae amhlophe qwa ngombala onekhanda onsundu omnyama, ombozwe izinwele. Izithelo zikhula isikhathi esingangenyanga, zidla inyama ebolile, bese zingena emhlabathini ukuyidonsa.
Ukuphamba esigabeni sesibili sikaJuni - Julayi. Isigaba se-pupal sithatha izinsuku eziyi-10-20. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amabhungane avela, amaningi awo eza ebusweni futhi adle ngokunamandla, alimaze imbali efihlekile. Ngokuqala kokuphola, bacasha ezindaweni zobusika.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, ingxenye yama-larvae iwela ekuguquguqukeni. Ukuthuthuka kwabo kuyabambezeleka, futhi bathinta kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngakho-ke inkathazo inesizukulwane esisodwa eminyakeni eyi-1-2.
Izindlela zokulawula, ukuvimbela
Ezindaweni ngazinye lapho kungekho khona izihlahla zezithelo eziningi kakhulu, inani le-weevil lingancishiswa ngezindlela zokusebenzisa:
• ekwindla, hlanza iziqu kanye namagatsha asebhusha asebekhulile futhi abakhululiwe, mhlophe ngesisombululo se-lime, uqoqe futhi ushise izinto zokuhlanza,
• Cola amaqabunga kanye nenye imfucumfucu yezitshalo, uwafake emqubeni womquba (umgodi) noma uwashise,
• bamba inhlabathi ngaphansi komqhele wezihlahla, lapho iningi lezingwembe zaphephela ebusika. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala, ingxenye ebunjiwe ye-weevil ingabhujiswa ngokuyixhawula emithini yezibi bese uyiqoqa. Uma kungenzeka, shintsha kaninginingi.
Ezingadini zokukhiqiza (zezimboni), lapho izindlela zemishini zingenzeki njalo, ukulahleka kwezitshalo kungavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali.
Ukubhubhisa iningi lokudla imichilo, ukuvikela ukubekwa kwamaqanda kungalashwa ngama-insecticides ekuqaleni kokuqunjelwa kwezinso (kanye "nesigaxa esiluhlaza"). Ngokumelene amabhungane e-cherry weevil, ukufafaza kusebenza ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Esivandeni esisodwa, ama-buds anezicucu ezinsundu, lapho izibungu zebhungane imbali yezimbali, kufanele zikhethwe futhi zichithwe. Lokhu ngeke kusindise isivuno sonyaka wamanje, kepha kuzonciphisa inani lamabhungane wonyaka olandelayo. Lo msebenzi kumele wenziwe ngenkathi kubhulwa ama-buds, ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezinambuzane zabantu abadala kuwo. Isitoko sezibungu siyancipha goose kanye namakati kanye nokuqoqwa okuvamile nokubhujiswa kwamaqabunga nezithelo eziwile.
Ungayinqoba kanjani i-goose
Goose - beetle weevil, inkathazo yezilimo zezithelo. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, ngisho nochwepheshe babemazi ngemidwebo kuphela. Kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ibhungane yahlala ezingadini zethu ngendlela enjengebhizinisi, yabalimaza kakhulu.
Ngiyakucela ungamangali ukuthi lo mabhungane we-weevil ubizwa "ngegama" lowesifazane. Iqiniso liwukuthi ku-goese - mabhungane angangekhanda lomdlalo, ngombala ophuzi we-raspberry womzimba wonke - owesilisa ancane kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi aziphatha “ngokufanele”: adle okwanele ngokwenza izithelo eyodwa, futhi lokho kwanele nanamuhla. Yebo, nenxeba elisesibelethweni livame ukuphulukisa ngokuphephile, yize isibazi sisalokhu silimele.
Ukuziphatha okuhluke ngokuphelele kwabesifazane. Ngemuva kokuba eseyidle ngokuphelele inyama ebolile yengane ebisonakalisiwe ngaphambili futhi “ekhokhiswa ngokuphelele” ngezinhlamvu ezibolile zezithelo, insikazi, “nekhala” layo elide, iququda kwenye ingane enempilo futhi ibeke iqanda kuyo. Kepha lokhu kuseyinxenye yempi! Izimbotshazi zensikazi zigquma yonke indawo ecijelwe ukubekwa kweqanda nokuphuma kwayo. Leli iqhinga elingcolile “elicwangcisiwe” mayelana nengane futhi, umqambi wegadi. Khumbula, yini ingubo yowesifazane ayigqokisa ngaphambi 'kokusebenza kanzima' kwakhe? Ngakho-ke, zonke lezi zinhlamvu zezithelo zibola emgodini wokugaya we-goose azigayiwe, kepha zanda kuphela. Ngakho-ke, insikazi “ilimaza” isilonda esiphilayo se-fetus ngomxube onjalo ongapheliyo, obangela ukubola kwawo ngokushesha. Isibekelwa eqandeni, izibungu nazo azondli ngokusha kwesithelo esisha, kepha kuphela esibolile.
Babhala ukuthi ngaphambi kwezinsikazi, kubonakala sengathi, ngemuva kwazo zonke izinkathazo ngeqanda elilandelayo elibekiwe, basika isiqu ukuze isithelo siwe emhlabathini bese kuthi lapho izibungu zikhule ngokuthula esithelweni esibolile. Mhlawumbe bekungaphambilini. Kepha manje izintokazi azisebenzisi isikhathi namandla kulokhu, mhlawumbe sezivele sezazi ukuthi noma ngaphandle kwalezi zinketho ezikhethiwe, izithelo ezijikelezayo ngokwazo zizowa ngokushesha kusiqu.
Izibungu ezikhule ezitsheni ezibolayo ziya kuqala enhlabathini ukuze zithathwe, kodwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwehlobo ziyakwazi ukuguqula zibe izinambuzane ezindala futhi zonakalise amahlamvu amancane, izithelo nezinhlamvu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sizukulwane asikabonakali kakhulu phakathi kokuchichima kwezinye izinambuzane. Izinambuzane zabantu abadala kanye nalabo abangakwazanga ukuphuma kubushungatha ubusika enhlabathini. Futhi elangeni entwasahlobo bonke bazithola sebesesimweni "sokusebenza".
Nge "biography" ye-goose, konke kubonakala kucacile. Futhi ungabhekana kanjani nayo?
Uma umlimi engadideki kakhulu ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo, khona-ke ukwelashwa cishe nganoma yikuphi ukulungiswa okuhleliwe - isibonelo, i-Aktara, enomphumela wokuthinta imithambo yayo yonke imivimbo - ngemuva kokuqhakaza imbali yengadi, kuzosusa ngokuphelele izinambuzane zabantu abadala nezibungu ezitsheni, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye uzohlanza ingadi kusuka kumasaha ayingozi ngasikhathi sinye.
Uma umlimi ekhathalela imvelo, khona-ke kuleli cala, ukwelashwa okumbalwa kabili ngokuhlukaniswa kwesonto komkhiqizo we-Fitoverm kuyadingeka. Futhi uma izihlahla zilincane, ngakho-ke akusizi ngalutho ukuthi “ukudubula kusuka kumakhenike ondlunkulu” ngenxa yama-weevil angama-1-2 esihlahleni, ungangena "ngokuhamba" okuhehayo kokubaluleka kwasendaweni. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa leli thuba lokuthi lona wesifazane engahlosile anikeze "isifunda" sakhe somsebenzi ezithelo ezisele ukubola, izindebe obekuvilapha ukusidla. Imvamisa lapho, ngaphezulu, kwesinye sezithelo ezingasasebenzi, kukhona i-goose. Kepha ungakubheki njengento elula ukubanjwa! Ngokunyakaza okuncane okukuye lapho eya khona, ugoqa amathe akhe awele phansi ngesibabule esincane, lapho cishe kungatholakali khona. Kuliqiniso, awungekhe ukwenqaba ubuwula bakhe, ngoba ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa ubuyela endaweni efanayo lapho afike khona.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze wenelise okungenani umuzwa wokuziphindisela wezithelo ezonakele, qala ngokubeka ngokucophelela intende yakho ngaphansi kwesithelo nge-goose, bese wenza ukunyakaza okuya ngaseceleni kwawo okubonakalayo kuwo - kanye "nomdlalo" entendeni yesandla sakho. Noma usakaze ifilimu emhlophe ngaphansi kwesihlahla, uyixhawule ngokuqinile noma ifafaze ngamaconsi amakhulu amanzi ahlanzekile. UGeese ngemizuzwana embalwa uzoba kwifilimu.
Izithelo eziwile kakade ezinezibungu ngaphakathi kufanele ziqoqwe njalo futhi zingcwatshwe ngokujulile, osenaso isikhathi sokwenza lokhu kuwa.
Ubukhulu bamaqanda ama-oval amhlophe we-goose asebangeni ukusuka ku-0.9 kuya ku-1,2 mm. Izibungu ezingenacala, ezikhula zisuka ku-7 kuye ku-9 mm ubude, zigobile futhi zipendwe ngamathoni amhlophe ophuzi. Futhi amakhanda abo ahlala ansundu. Ubude be-pupae, mhlophe nge-tinge ephuzi, ngu-6-9 mm. Zonke zimbozwe ngezinwele ezi-sparse, kanti izingxenye zokugcina zemizimba yazo zifakwe amafulegi ama-chitinous.
Izibungu zinqwabelana emhlabathini, kanye nezinambuzane ezingafakwanga - ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile nakuwo imifantu yegxolo. Entwasahlobo, lapho ama-buds amancane eqala ukuvuvukala, futhi isilinganiso sokushisa sansuku zonke singama-degree ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili, izimbungulu zikhuphuka umqhele wesihlahla bese ziqala ukudla lapho. Futhi ukuphuma kwabo ezindaweni zobusika kuyaphela ngaphambi kokuba izihlahla zama-apula ziqhume. Izinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-goose izithelo mate bese uqala ukubeka amaqanda. Emaqandeni ezithelo, izinsikazi zezinsikazi zikhala kuze kube ngu-2-3 mm ngokujulile. Phansi kwale migodi amaqanda abekwa ngemuva kwalokho, ambozwe ngotshani nezingcezu. Eceleni kwamakamelo amaqanda, izinsikazi ezifakayo zigaya amakamelo okwesibili, zilimaza isikhumba futhi zethule izithelo ezibolile ziye enyameni yezithelo ezakha. Ngemuva kokuthi amaqanda abekwe, izinsikazi ziququda umhlanga, ngenxa yalokho ukuwa kwezithelo kushesha kakhulu. Ukuzala okuphelele kowesifazane ngamunye kufinyelela amaqanda angamakhulu amabili, futhi isikhathi sokuphila sezimbungulu eziyingozi sisukela ezinsukwini ezingamashumi ayisithupha kuya kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili.
Inqubo yokubekwa kwamaqanda kuma -ese go izithelo ivame ukuphela eduze kwengxenye yesibili kaJuni, kanye nasendaweni eyihlathi-steppe - cishe ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ngezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye, izibungu ezibusayo ezidla ngokubola kwezithelo ziyazalwa emaqanda. Uma izithelo zingaqali ukubola, izibungu ziyafa ngokushesha, futhi kulezo zindawo lapho amaqanda ayebekwe khona, ifomu le-war cts warts elingajabulisi neze.
Izibungu zondla izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu nesithupha. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, zishiya izithelo ziqhubekele ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili neshumi nesithupha zingene emhlabathini, lapho kamuva zihlinza khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, cishe ama-50% abantu abakhula ezithelweni zezihlahla zezihlahla zama-apula izibungu, kanye nama-80% ezithelo zeplamu.
Izinyathelo ze-Agrotechnical
Izindlela ezilandelayo zinconyelwe ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane:
- Ukuvulwa kwenhlabathi emibuthanweni esondelene nesiqu, kuvimbele ukukhula kwe-pupae.
- Ukuqoqwa kanye nokushiswa kwamaqabunga awele ne-carrion.
- Ukumba Autumn kwezindawo eziseduzane nezihlahla kanye nezindlela zokulima.
- Ukuhlanza iziqu kusuka kumagxolo afile, ukugcotshwa kwensimbi ngesisombululo sikalamusi.
- Ukuhlela izicupho zezimpande kusuka otshanini noma amaqabunga awile aphathwe ngama-insecticides.
Izindlela Mehendi
Ezingadini ezakhiweni zasendlini, izinambuzane zilawulwa izindlela ezisebenza ngomshini:
- Ukususa abantu abadala. Ngaphansi kwezihlahla, kufakwa i-canvas (tarpaulin, ifilimu elenziwayo) noma izihlangu zibekiwe. Ukuze udilize izinambuzane, kusetshenziswa izigxobo ezimbozwe nge-burlap. Indwangu ivimbela ukulimala kwamagxolo. Zishaya amagatsha ngesithupha, izinambuzane ziwela udoti. Izinambuzane eziqoqiwe zibhujiswa ngokulahla ebhakedeni lamanzi. Umsebenzi uqala ekuseni, kanti amabhungane awasebenzi. Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-10 ° ngeke awe, kodwa andize ahlukane. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezihlahla, kungakuhle ukuthi kwenziwe izinqubo ezingama-5-6, njalo ngeviki. Izinambuzane zidutshulwa hhayi ezihlahleni zama-apula kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izihlahla.
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amabhande okuzingela ahlelwe phezulu kwesihlahla. Lesi yisikhathi lapho izimbungulu ngemuva kokucwaswa zingena ezilwaneni ukuze zidliwe. Isisekelo sebhande senziwe ngekhadibhodi noma nge-burlap. Kunamathela isinamatheli esingomisi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, amabhande okuzingela ayasuswa futhi ashiswe. Ubuncane bale ndlela yokuthi izinambuzane ezizuzisayo nazo zinganamathela.
Amakhemikhali
Ngomonakalo omkhulu engadini, izithelo ze-goose ngeke zikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuphatha izihlahla ngamakhemikhali. Uma kutholakala amabhungane angaphezu kuka-8 kulesi simila, ama-pesticides kufanele asetshenziswe. Umqhele we-apula, eliphakathi kwe, iplamu, i-cherry nezinye izihlahla afafazwa ngama-insecticides: i-pyrethroids, i-organophosphorus compounds. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezinconyiwe yi- "Fufanon", "Iskra-M", "Intra-Ts-M", "Fitoverm". Inqubo yokucubungula yenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali nangemva kokuqedwa. Ngomonakalo obalulekile engadini, ukufafaza okwengeziwe kwamagatsha neziqu kwenziwa ekwindla.
Ibhayoloji
Abantu abadala badla kuma-buds, amaqabunga kanye nama-ovary, baququda ifossae ekugcineni. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ezitsheni esefinyelele usayizi we-hazelnut. Amaqanda aluhlaza okotshani, omhlophe ngokubabazekayo, obonakala ngokusobala obude, obungamamitha ayi-0.9-1.2 mm, ububanzi obuyi-0.6-0.8 mm ububanzi Izinsikazi zensikazi egumbini elijulile lika-2-3 mm esibelethweni, zibeka iqanda elilodwa ezansi kwaso bese zibhoboza umbungu lapho liqala khona ukuwela futhi liwele khona. Ukuthuthukiswa kweqanda kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-6-9. I-larva iba nesithelo esibolile. Lapho eseqedile ukondla, ungena ujulile enhlabathini, lapho akha khona isigaxa kanye nemidlwane. Ezinye izibungu zihlala kuze kube ihlobo lonyaka olandelayo. Amabhungane avela izibungu eziye zaphuma ekwindla. Zivela ezihlahleni bese zidla emsundweni isikhathi esithile, bese zifihla ubusika emifantu yamagxolo noma ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile.
