Lezi zinkawu ezinhle zingezomndeni wakwa-Igrunkov, ngokuba ummeleli omkhulu womndeni. Amakamela ebhubesi bahlala e-halo elinganiselwe eMelika, kepha isimo sabo sinobungozi ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Bahlala amaqembu abantu aba-2 kuya kwabangu-8, badla izibungu, umpe, izithelo nosawoti. Uma kuvela abesilisa ababili eqenjini, ubuholi bunqunywa ngesisekelo sengxabano enolaka. Esikhundleni salokho, bayashada, futhi lapho kuzalwa izingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, amanye amalungu omndeni asiza umama.

Baxhumana ngemisindo ehlukahlukene ebekelwe isimo ngasinye: ukuveza isidingo sokunakwa, ulaka, phakathi nemidlalo, ukudlulisa imiyalezo kude. Futhi, njengokuxhumana, ama-tamarins akhipha iphunga elihlukile: ukudweba imingcele yezindawo, ukukhombisa ukubusa, phakathi kwemidlalo yokuzalela, njll.

Ubuso babo abunazinwele, kepha i-chic mane yakhonza ukuthola igama lebhubesi ngaphakathi kwesigaba sabantu.

Izizathu zokunyamalala kwamabhubesi ebhubesi

Isizathu sokuqala sokwehla kwenani labantu abasebenza ngamabhubesi ebhubesi ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Lezi zinkawu zihlala eduzane naseRio de Janeiro, emahlathini emvula abantu abagawula ngawo ngesivinini esikhulu futhi bahlela indawo yezolimo endaweni yabo.

Ama-tamarin ebhubesi endalweni aya ngokuya eba mancane.

Ama-Lion tamarin ajwayele ukufa ngesikhathi semililo yehlathi, ngoba ahlala eziqongweni zezihlahla, futhi ngesikhathi somlilo, le ngxenye yehlathi iyasha.

Futhi, inani labantu liyancipha ngenxa yokuhweba ngokungemthetho kulezi zinkawu. Kusukela ngo-1960, umthetho wenqabela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amabhubesi. Kepha abokufika ngokungemthetho abasazithengisi namuhla, njengoba kunesidingo esikhulu salezi zinkawu, abantu abaningi bafuna ukuzithola njengezilwane ezifuywayo.

Umndeni wama-marmosets egolide.

Singasizwa kanjani ibhubesi lamabhubesi

Uma ufuna ukusiza lezi zinkawu, ungaba yilungu lenhlangano elondolozayo. Namuhla kuneminyango ekhethekile ye-International League for the Protection of Primates, ebandakanyeka ekuvikelweni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkawu. Amalungu ale nhlangano unyaka ngamunye athola omagazini abathathu abanolwazi lwakamuva ngempilo nokuvikelwa kwezinduna emhlabeni wonke.

Ama-tamarin ebhubesi anyamalala ngenxa yokuncipha kwezindawo zokuhlala.

Ukuze unganciphisi inani labantu ukuba lisesimweni esibucayi, kubalulekile ukusindisa ihlathi. Akunakwenzeka kumuntu oyedwa ukusindisa ihlathi lomhlaba, kepha wonke umuntu angenza umnikelo omncane. Isibonelo, ungathengi imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokhuni lwaseNingizimu Melika. Ungasebenzisa iphepha elisetshenziswe kabusha.

Lolu hlobo lusongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.

Kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu ekulweni nokushushumbiswa kwezilwane. Wonke umuntu uyazithanda izilwane, kepha akuzona zonke izilwane ezingagcinwa ekhaya. Njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kufanelekile ukuthola amakati nezinja. Futhi uma uthola ukuthi ungathengiswa yini ngezilwane ezingafani nezinye nezinkawu, kufanele uthintane nomphakathi ukuvikela izilwane.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Indlela Yokuphila Nebhayoloji

ILion tamarin ihlala eSouth America, eduzane nendawo yaseRio San Juan, eduze kwamadolobha aseRio das Ostras, Rio Bonita kanye neCasimiro de Abreu. AmaTamarins ayasebenza kusukela ekuntweleni kuze kube kusihlwa. Bazakhela indawo yokuchitha ubusuku ngaphambi kokuhwalala, futhi nsuku zonke bashintsha le ndawo. Ekuseni kakhulu, badla isidlo sasekuseni ngezithelo zezihlahla zezithelo abazitholayo, bese beshintshela ekudleni okugcwele ngamaprotheni kusuka ezinambuzaneni. Ngemuva kwalokho, bakhetha ikusasa labo ngobuhlakani. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi bakhetha ukulala ngamaqembu ezindaweni ezifihliwe: imigodi yezihlahla ezindala eziyize, imisele yemifantu noma amathangi emivini eminyene.

Ukudla kwabo kuyacebile impela. Badla izithelo eziningi ezivuthiwe, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, abazideleli izibankwa, amaqanda ezinyoni futhi futhi abaneme ngokudlela kusawoti omningi wezihlahla ezithile.

Abagcini nje ngokufana nengonyama, kodwa futhi bafana ngokuziphatha. Bahlala emaqenjini afana namabhubesi ebhubesi. Kunowesifazane oyedwa ovelele owesilisa nowesifazane oyedwa noma abaningi, futhi sebebonke bangu-5-8 abantu. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi abesilisa bangaba khona eqenjini, kepha munye kuphela kubo ozoba namandla futhi abe nelungelo lokushada. Njengamabhubesi, ama-tamarine ayizilwane zasendaweni impela. Babheka kakhulu amaqembu angomakhelwane futhi abahlanganyeli insimu yabo nanoma ngubani.

Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ngo-Ephreli, kanti inzalo iyavela phakathi kukaSepthemba noFebhuwari. Kaningi kuvela izinsana ezi-2. Ubaba wabo usebenza ngokuqashwa kwabo. Izinyanga ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe, ubathwala emhlane wakhe, lapho bambamba khona ijazi lakhe ngeminwe yakhe. Ubanikeza umama wakhe kuphela isikhathi sokuphaka, abese ebathatha.

Amawundlu ebhubesi le-golden tamarin avuthwa ngokobulili eneminyaka engu-2.

Ukubukeka

I-golden lion tamarin iyinkawu encane, ifinyelela ku-900 amagremu wesisindo, iyona emele kakhulu ama-marmosets (ubude bomzimba cishe ngo-20-25 cm). Igama elitholwe ngenxa yokufana kwengonyama. Eduze kwekhanda lakhe unokuthile okufana no-mane, okuluhlaza okotshani wegolide (okufana kakhulu no-luster kule nsimbi), kuyabonakala kakhulu endaweni yekhanda. Umbala obomvu ogcwele kanjena ogqoke ijazi kungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-carotene ekudleni kwalesi silwane. Lesi sici sifana nesenyoni ye-flamingo, ebonakala ngombala wepinki wezimpaphe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwama-crustaceans.

UTamarin unamehlo amakhulu ansundu, amathumbu abonakala ngesimo sezimbobo ngaphezulu komlomo, nomlomo osakazeka ebusweni bonke. Ukukhanya kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumbala wenyama kuya onsundu okhanyayo. Ubuso bungacishe bube nezinwele. Kunezinwele ezimbalwa kuphela ebunzini nasebusweni. Kancane njengobuso bekati. Futhi akukho boya ezintendeni zezandla ezinhlanu futhi ezinyaweni.

Inomsila omude (cishe ama-32- 37 cm), unezinwele ezibushelelezi, ezimfushane kakhulu kunezinwele ezisekhanda. Ifana ne-feline ekwakhiweni.

I-Real Lion Marmoset, noma iRosalia

Ingonyama yangempela marmoset, noma rosalia - Leontideus rosalia noma Leontopithecus rosalia noma Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia - Inkawu ebanzi ebanzi yomndeni wakwaMarmet. Le monkey ibhekwa njengokuziqhenya kwezwe lonke laseBrazil. Isisindo 410-650 g, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba 30 cm cm, umsila cishe ubude obufanayo. Ijazi libomvu-golide, silky: isikhumba sobuso, izandla nezinyawo zimnyama noma zibomvu okumnyama. Umsila kanye nemikhaba yangaphambili ingolintshi, nsundu, noma imnyama. Ekhanda, izihlathi nomphimbo, ingubo ende yezinwele ezimboze izindlebe. Izandla nezinyawo zincinyane, izithupha zimfushane kakhulu.

Ama-Rosalies avame ukuzala amawundlu ama-2. Bahlala emahlathini ashisayo aseningizimu mpumalanga yeBrazil endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle, bangene emahlathini aseceleni nomhlaba wezolimo. Bahola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, etholakala ezihlahleni ngamamitha ayi-3-10 ukusuka emhlabathini. Zidla ngezithelo, izinambuzane, amaqanda, izinyoni ezincane nezikhala, ubuhlalu namaxoxo. Balala imisele ngemigqa engu-10 cm nokujula okungamasentimitha angama-70.

Ama-tamarin amaningi alolu hlobo ahlala emaqenjini emindeni yabantu abangama-5-6, lapho kunikezwe insimu ethile. Izinkawu ezisencane, njengoba sesifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala engama-2-3, zishiya umndeni ukuze zakhe iqembu lomndeni wazo. Izinsikazi ezincane zingabokuqala ukuhamba. Abesifazane abangashadile baxoshwa emkhakheni womndeni, okuvumela ukuthi bangene emhlanjini ezimweni ezingavamile. Ama-tamarin azulazulayo ahlala emhlambini wokuqala, awatholayo, noma ahlala endaweni ekhululekile, uma kungenjalo ayafa. Cishe i-24% yabesifazane abazulazulayo abangena eqenjini lomndeni elisha.

Kuma-40% amaqembu, abesilisa ababili abadala abangahlobene nabesifazane bahlala ndawonye, ​​kepha kulokhu, umkhiqizi wezinkomo ungomunye wabo. Phakathi kwama-tamarin angamaduna ahlala endaweni efanayo ama-71% abesilisa abadala abamba iqhaza ekuzaleni. Izintokazi ezingaphansi kwazo zingena ngokuzalaniswa kuphela lapho kungekho khona ulaka oluvela kwabesifazane abaphethe. Izinga lokusinda kwinzalo yokuqala liyisigamu senzalo yabesifazane abakhulu. Iqembu lomndeni ndawonye linakekela ukuthwala kanye nokondla abancane. Ukukhulelwa kuyizinsuku ezingama-125-132. Izithombo zizalwa kwisizini kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuMashi. Insikazi ine amawundlu owodwa noma amabili. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-15.

Inani lezimbotshana lincane. Ama-tamarines egolide egolide abhekene nokuvikelwa - hhayi kuphela umbala ogqamile kunazo zonke izinkawu, lezi yizinkawu ezinkulu kakhulu ezivela kum marmosets. Umsila ungobude obufana nekhanda nethoshi. Manje endle kusale abangama-300 kuphela. Bahlala endaweni eyodwa emhlabeni - ehlathini lezintaba ezingasogwini lweBrazil. Bachitha sonke isikhathi sabo emagatsheni aphezulu emiqhele yemithi. Zidla ngezithelo, ezinambuzaneni, nasezibayeni ezincane.

Ngo-1973, kwakuyizilwane ezingama-70 kuphela zalezi zinhlobo ezasala, maphakathi nawo-1980 zazingaba ngu-600 zazo. Kunesibalo esikhulu esiye sagcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane - ngabantu abangama-500. Kusukela ngo-1984, kwenziwa uhlelo lokubuyisa ama-tamarines afakwa ekudingisweni endle. Phakathi konyaka we-1984 nowe-1991, amaphesenti aphezulu ezinkawu zemvelo azalwa ngabazali abakhuliselwe kuthunjwa abonisa ukuthi ama-tamarins angavuselelwa endle. Ngo-1981, ama-tamarins ahlala kuphela emahlathini eRio Sao Joan Basin esifundeni saseRio de Janeiro, lapho izinkawu zihlala endaweni engaphansi kwama-900 sq. Km. Izinkawu zalolu hlobo zihlakazeka emiphakathini ehlukahlukene engu-17 eyahlukane. Ama-90% amahlathi ashisayo ogwini lwe-Atlantic anqunywa ngenxa yokuthuthuka komnotho wale ndawo, ngenxa yalokho amakamela egolide aphulukana nezindawo zawo zokuhlala. Nazo ziphakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni.

Izinhlobo: Leontopithecus rosalia = I-Marmet yeGolide, I-Golden Lion Tamarin, iRosalia

IGolide marmoset kungenye yezinhlobo ezinemibala ekhanyayo kakhulu yezilwane ezincelisayo zesimanje. Imizimba yabo imbozwe ngezinwele ezinde futhi ezithambile ezidaywe zivela kwigolide eliphaphathekile ziya ezitheni ezibomvu zegolide.

IGolden marmoset yiyona edume kakhulu yabamele le nhlobo. Ihlala ezindaweni eziphansi, izindawo ezisogwini lwamahlathi ashisayo eningizimu mpumalanga yeBrazil nesimo sezulu esomile kakhulu, lapho kuhlala khona amahlathi aminyene nezihlahla ezihlanganiswe nemivini eminingi futhi ezihlala zinezithelo eziningi. Ama-marmosets egolide ahlala umqhele ovaliwe, onamathela njalo ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-10-30 ukusuka emhlabathini. Lapha, ama-marmosets egolide alala emigodini yeziqu zezihlahla ezindala, lapho evikeleke ngokuphelele kwizilwane ezidla lana futhi lapha afudumele futhi akhululeka kakhudlwana ebusuku.

Ama-marmosets egolide anobude obungama-200 kuye kwangama-366 mm ubude bawo bomsila obuyi-315 kuya ku-400 mm. Isisindo somuntu omdala esiphakathi singama-654,5 g. Akukho-dimorphism ocansini; akukho mehluko wangaphandle phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Zinamakhanda amancane, ayindilinga ahlotshiswe ngemindensi egolide emqhele emqheleni. Banobuso obungenasici, obunamaphazili ahlukaniswe kabanzi. Ama-marmosets egolide anezintambo emilenzeni yawo, esikhundleni sezipikili ezicijile njengezinye izimbali.

Ama-marmosets aseGolide azala kabili ngonyaka kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Mashi, ngesikhathi esishisayo nesithokomala sonyaka. Zi-monogamous, eqenjini ngalinye lomndeni womndeni we-marmosets, kunohlobo olulodwa lokuzalela. Kepha wonke amalungu aleli qembu azibandakanye ekulimeni nasekukhuliseni abantu abasha, yize iningi labazali linakekela abesilisa.

Iminyaka yokuthomba kwama-marmosets egolide icishe ibe izinyanga eziyi-18 kwabesifazane nezinyanga ezingama-24 kwabesilisa. Abesifazane ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-130 - ezingama-135 zokukhulelwa bazala amawele. Ingane imbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya lapho izalwa, amehlo ayo avulekile ngokuphelele. Njengamanye ama-marmese, eRosalia, ubaba unakekela izingane ngokushesha, azikhanye futhi azidlulisele emzimbeni wakhe. Amancinyane abambelela eboyeni bukayise futhi amboze ngokuqinile izinhlangothi zakhe ngemisila yawo. Ubaba uthwala izingane aze afike kumaviki angama-6-7 futhi azidlulisele kumama njalo emahoreni ambalwa ukuze azondle. Owesifazane udla izingane ngobisi cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinyanga ezi-4, amawundlu acishe azimele, yize ubaba eqhubeka nokunakekela izingane futhi ezenzela ukudla. Ama-marmosets amancanyana egolide afinyelela osayizi abadala ngonyaka owodwa.

Izitha zama-marmosets egolide ayizimfivane zasendle, oklebe nezikhova, izinyoka ezinkulu. Isilinganiso sokuphila okuphilwa ngaso marmosets egolide ngokwemvelo siyiminyaka eyi-15, kanti isilinganiso sokuphila esiphakathi ekudingisweni siyiminyaka engama-22.

Ama-marmosets egolide ayizinhlobo zezenhlalo, atholakala endle ngamaqembu abantu abangu-2-8. Imvamisa iqembu liqukethe izigcawu zokuzalela: owesilisa nowesifazane, kanye nezingane zabo zalitha elilodwa noma amabili futhi, mhlawumbe, nezinye izihlobo. Kodwa-ke, umnyombo weqembu uvame ukuba ngumndeni. Ama-marmosets egolide afakiwe kunogada weqembu futhi avikela indawo yawo, futhi indawo yakhona ikakhulukazi imingcele yayo kumakwe amamaki okuhogela futhi kumakwe izinsongo zezwi. Ezinye zezimpawu zobudlova zikhonjiswa ngomlomo ovulekile.

Ama-marmosets amakhulu egolide asebenzisa isikhathi esiningi enakekela isembozo sawo. Abancane ngesikhathi sokuphumula kweqembu badlala kakhulu, bejaha omunye nomunye futhi bavame ukulwa. Onke ama-marmose agolide awalali kuphela ebusuku kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga kuze kube sekuphumeni kwelanga, kepha kwesinye isikhathi abuye abe nephupho lasemini. Ezihlahleni zihamba kuwo womane, ngenkathi zisebenzisa imisila yazo emide kakhulu njengebhalansi yokulinganisa.

Ama-marmosets egolide awesabekayo, kepha awavikeleki kakhulu futhi anomzimba omuhle. Ziphinde zidle izicabucabu, iminenke, izibankwa ezincane, amaqanda, izinyoni, imifino nezithelo. Babheka izinambuzane besebenzisa iminwe yabo emide, emincane, bayihlole ngemifantu ekhonkolweni zesihlahla. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi yi-micromanipulation. Ama-marmosets egolide ahlala abelana ngokudlwengula kwawo namanye amalungu emindeni yawo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokudlala futhi ngokungathinti antshontsha ukudla kubazali noma kubafowethu nodadewabo.

Ama-Rosals aqabukela kuma-zoo. Ngesinye isikhathi, abazingeli babenga futhi bathengise ama-marmosets egolide njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukwehla okusheshayo kwenani labo kubeke isifiso sabantu abaningi sokuqukethe lezi zilwane ezixakile, ngoba ama-marmosets egolide ngokuqinisekile angenye yazo zonke izimfanelo emhlabeni ezisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa.

Manje lolu hlobo lungezinye zezilwane ezinqabile kunazo zonke izilwane zasendle. Kusale ama-marmosets egolide ayi-400 emhlabeni, ahlala kakhulu eRio de Janeiro. Ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala yabo yisizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwabo. Izihlahla zigawulwa njengogodo, izindawo ezingenamuntu zokulima nezindlu, izindawo ezinkulu ezingenamsebenzi zithintela ukusakazeka nokusinda kwama-marmosets egolide emvelweni.

Kukhona ithemba lokusindisa izinhlobo, ngoba ama-marmosets agolide agqitshwa ngempumelelo ekudingisweni, okuholela ekwandeni kwenani labo ekuthunjweni, futhi ukuphindiselwa endle kwaphumelela.