IPrincess yaseBurundi igcwele iLake Tanganyika. Izinhlanzi zithanda izindawo ezinamadwala asogwini ngobuningi bamadwala aselwandle. Izindawo zokuhlala zalolu hlobo zitholakala eduzane nedolobha laseKasanga eningizimu nentshonalanga yeTanzania.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile u-N. pulcher kanye no-N. Brichardi zazinqunywe ngaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, manje sekusunguliwe ukuthi lolu uhlobo olulodwa. Abantu baseNeolamprologus brichardi besuka endaweni yabo ejwayelekile bahlukaniswa ubukhona beqembu elimnyama elisuka emehlweni lize lifinyelela kumaphethelo wegill, kanye nendawo ephuzi etholakala ngenhla kwalesi strip. Isibonakaliso esiveziwe asikho kubantu base-Neolamprologus pulcher. Njengoba izinhlobo zezinhlobo igama elithi Neolamprologus pulcher (Trewavas & Poll, 1952) zindala, ngokwemithetho yokuqanjwa kwesayensi, le nhlobo ibizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi yiNeolamprologus pulcher.
Kwaphinde kwanikezwa igama lezinhlobo ezaziwa ngokuthi yi- "brichardi" ukuhlonipha isazi se-Belgian ichthyologist uPierre Brichard, owahlela isiteshi esithi "Fish of Burundi" ukuze kuthathwe ama-cichlids avela eTanganyika nasekuhanjisweni kwawo ngo-1971.
Izimpawu zamagama: Lamprologus savoryi elongatus Trewavas & Poll, 1952, Lamprologus elongatus (Trewavas & Poll, 1952), Lamprologus brichardi Poll, 1974, Neolamprologus brichardi (Poll, 1974).
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala
IPrincess Burundi iyisiphephelo seChibi i-Afrika iTanganyika, lapho itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu. Abantu balolu hlobo bahlala esifundeni esinamadwala abavela eBurundi, eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, eTanzania naseZambia.
Isidonsa se-Neolamprologus sinokuhlukahluka okuthile kwendawo. Ukwehluka okwaziwa ngokuthi yiPrincess of Burundi noma iDaffodil kudume kakhulu futhi kuhlala emithambekeni edwala lamatshe aseCantabamba naseCambwba.
INdlovukazi yaseBurundi (Neolamprologus pulcher) edwaleni elingaphansi kweTanganyika (kugula. Www.aquahobby.com)
Njengamanye ama-cichlid kososayensi bezibani, le nhlanzi ikhombisa ukuguquguquka okuphezulu futhi ihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Kutholakala ebusweni nasemanzini ajulile, kepha kuyinhlanzi eyisisekelo se-substrate spawning. Umzimba weNdlovukazi yaseBurundi ungakhuphuka kancane noma uphakeme kakhulu. Umbala onsundu, ophuzi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama, noma umxube wayo yonke imibala ezwakalayo. Umbala omnyama uvame ukugqitshwa imicu, ngemivimbo emile noma eqondile. Njengamanye ama-genera esizweni, i-Neolamprologus pulcher mates kalula nabesifazane babanye abameli be-lamprologin.
INdlovukazi yaseBurundi imvamisa ukubhukuda emhlambini omkhulu wamakhulu abantu. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinhlanzi zakha ngamabili aminyene futhi ziphume emihumeni noma emifantwini. Njengomthetho, abantu balesi zinhlobo baqoshwa ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10 futhi ngokujulile. Zidla ngokugobhoza kwe-plankton echibini, kanye nama-microorganisms anjenge-crustaceans namanye ama-invertebrates.
Abantu abangashadile noma umbhangqwana ungaphila e-aquarium encane, noma kunjalo, ukubheka indlela yemvelo yokuziphatha kweqembu lezinhlanzi, i-aquarium yamalitha angama-200 iyadingeka.
I-aquarium kufanele ihambisane ne-biotope yeLake Tanganyika, ifaka namatshe akha imigodi. Kukhethwa inhlabathi enesihlabathi.
Izimo zamanzi: amazinga okushisa angama-25- 26 degrees, i-pH: 8,6, ubulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuvela kwe-N. pulcher
IPrincess Burundi yinhlanzi ebukekayo enomzimba ophakeme namaphiko angaphekiwe. I-caudal fin inethiphu eyakhiwe ngo-lyre enezinqubo. Izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zifinyelela ubude obungu-10-13 cm, futhi zikhulu ngisho nangokwengeziwe ku-aquarium - ukuya ku-15 cm. Isikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engu-8-10.
Abantu banomzimba okhanyayo onemibala emfushane yamabala aphuzi namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uphuzi uqine ngokwengeziwe emzimbeni ophezulu, emgqonyeni we-dorsal kanye nasezisekelweni zamaphini we-pectoral. Ngemuva kancane kwamehlo kunemivimbo emile emile ibunjiwe, ikhipha okwesibhakabhaka. Dorsal fin ngesimo se-lyre. Yonke iminjunju engakhokhelwa inemibala emide, amathiphu ayo ahlukaniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amehlo enhlanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Neolamprologus pulcher ye-Daffodil (ukugula. Damien Fallin, www.cichlids.com).
I-Neolamprologus pulcher variation of Kasanga (uyagula. Andrew W, www.britishcichlid.org.uk)
Yondla inkosazana ka-burundi
IPrincess Burundi iyinhlobo ebabazekayo. Emvelweni, idla ngeplankton kwikholamu yamanzi nama-invertebrates.
Ama-Aquarists anganikeza ukudla okukhona nokufriza enhlanzi, kanye nokudla kwezitshalo (i-spirulina, isipinashi) njengokugqoka okuphezulu. Ama-feed omile nawo afanelekile, kepha hhayi kaningi.
Ukuziphatha
INeolamprologus brichardi ukuphela kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi e-Afrika ezinakekela izingane zazo zonke. Le cichlid yakha amaqembu omphakathi angapheli ahlanganisa umbhangqwana owodwa wozalo nabasizi bayo bobabili ubulili.
Impumelelo ephelele yokuzala (ilinganiselwa ngosayizi wobumbano nokusinda kwefry) itholakala ngombhangqwana nabasizi. Usayizi wamaski uncishiswa phambi kwezihlobo, okukhombisa ikhono lowesifazane ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwe-caviar ezimweni ezivumayo.
Lapho abazali nabasizi benakekela izingane, ubungozi bokuqunjelwa buyancipha. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umkhuba wokuncipha kokuzala awubonwa ngobuningi besibalo sabantu.
Ukuqashelwa izihlobo
Eqenjini lokukhiqiza ngokubambisana, lapho kunabantu abahlobene futhi abangahlobene, singakwazi ukwahlukanisa ukusebenzisana kwabantu abahlobene. Lapho ukhetha ukuba sembuthanweni wezihlobo eziseduze noma izihlobo ezingazazi, i-fry ichitha isikhathi esiningi neyokuqala. Amandla wokuqaphela izihlobo kubalulekile ekukhetheni ezocansi nokugwema ukuzalanisa.
I-Burundi koloni yezizukulwane eziyi-8. Akekho othinta i-fry yomuntu osekhulile nonogada.
Ukuqashelwa okwabo kungachaza ukuvela kokuzalwa kweqembu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezihlobo eziseduzane emphakathini kuyazuza ukubambisana. Ubungani babasizi buncipha kakhulu ngeminyaka yabo, ikakhulukazi endabeni yokuzalanisa abesilisa.
Isimo senhlalo
Njengoba i-Neolamprologus pulcher ibambiselana ngokuzalanisa, baneqembu eliphakeme kwezenhlalo. Isinyathelo esiphakeme kakhulu kuso sithengwa abakhiqizi, bese kulandela abasizi. Lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye.
Ngokuya ngosayizi nekhwalithi yendawo, inani lezinhlanzi eziseqenjini liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-15. Ubukhulu besikole buthinta kahle ukusinda komuntu ngamunye. Njengomthetho, imihlambi emikhulu inezihlobo zabasizi bonyaka.
Ukwehluka ngokomzimba
Abakhiqizi bezinhlanzi ezifuywayo bavame ukuhluka kubangane babo ngosayizi omkhulu womzimba. Esikhathini esingaphambi kokusakazeka, i-glycogen ethe xaxa ifakwa esibindini kubantu abadumile, futhi bakhombisa ukukhula okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ngokungafani nabasizi, banokuhlushwa kwe-cortisol ephezulu ye-plasma. Lokhu kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle kwengcindezi.
Umncintiswano wokumatanisa
Abesilisa abadala bancintisana ngokutholakala kokukhulelwa kwezinsikazi, okubonisa isikhundla phakathi kwezinhlanzi zabakhiqizi. Abesilisa abathola kabusha bangabopha ingxenye yobumbano ngobunono, ngokungenakuphikiswa kubantu abaqavile. Uma ukuqhekeka okunjalo kudlula, umnikelo wokukhiqizwa kabusha kwabesilisa abaphila ngokuphumelelayo uyakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu ekuhlukaniseni inkosazana yaseBurundi kuyabonakala ngendlela yokucindezela ukuzala. Iqiniso ngukuthi abakhiqizi besilisa banezivivinyo ezinkudlwana uma ziqhathaniswa nabangane bomshado, kanye nesidoda esisheshayo nesisebenzayo. Isidoda sabasizi abakhulu ezindaweni zabo sifana nesidoda sabantu abaqavile, kepha izivivinyo zabo azisikhulu kangako. Ngakho-ke, amandla abo okushiya inzalo ancishisiwe.
Obaba abaningi
Isimo lapho ukwanda okukodwa kube nobaba abaningi kuyinto eyejwayelekile eBurundi. Imininingwane yezakhi zofuzo etholwe eqenjini leNeolamprologus pulcher cichlid elivela eLake Tanganyika iveze ukuthi obaba abaningi bangama-80% weqembu elifundayo.
Ubunina babuye bubonwe lapho insikazi ephindaphindayo ihluma eceleni kwayo nowesifazane omkhulu.
Inkulisa yaseBurundi izalela endaweni yasemanzini
Abamele lolu hlobo lwama-cichlid e-substrate spawning. Amaqanda abekwa ophahleni lomhume noma kuvulandi. IBurundi izalela kalula emanzini.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu abadala bayatholakala ngokuthengisa, kungcono ukuqala i-6-10 gazinga futhi ususe izinhlanzi ezisele lapho kwakheka pair.
Imvamisa, i-pair yezinhlanzi ihlukaniswe ngokuzalaniswa eqenjini. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda afinyelela kuma-200 (imvamisa engaphansi) odongeni noma ophahleni lomhume. Ngemuva kokusaphaza, insikazi ihlala ngokubhucungwa, kanti owesilisa uvikela insimu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, kuvela izibungu, kuthi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-7, ziqale ukubhukuda ngokukhululeka.
I-Fry inkulu ngokwanele ukondla nge-brine shrimp, kepha ikhule kancane. Ukunakekela inzalo kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Iqembu lonke ligada i-fry nesizukulwane esilandelayo. Ngakho-ke, izizukulwane eziningana zingahlala ndawonye.
Kodwa-ke, lapho singekho isikhala samahhala esanele, insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda amancane noma iqale ukudla uFry.
Owesilisa onamafry. Abafowethu asebekhulile abayithinti i-fry.
Ukuvumelana
Indlovukazi yaseBurundi ukubukwa kwenkundla. Uzama ukuxosha abantu bendawo yakhe nezinhlobo zakhe. Phakathi kwama-cichlid angamaduna, ukuhlukunyezwa kubamele izinhlobo zohlobo olufanayo kuvame ukutholakala. Kodwa-ke, abesilisa bendlovukazi yaseBurundi bachitha isikhathi esengeziwe beqapha insimu yabo, behlangana nomngcele wendawo okuhlala owesilisa wohlobo oluhlukile. Inkosazana yaseBurundi ayilungele i-aquarium ejwayelekile, ngoba yindawo futhi inolaka, ikakhulukazi lapho ivikela gazinga. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukugcina izinhlanzi e-aquarium enamehlo eyodwa.
Ngamavolumu amakhulu, lolu hlobo lungahlala namanye ama-cichlids amancane kanye naphakathi e-Tanganyik, azodla ama-niches ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, iCyprusromis noma izinhlobo zamagobolondo.
Ukuphila endalweni
Izinhlobo zahlanganiswa okokuqala futhi zachazwa nguPoll ngonyaka we-1974. Igama elithi brichardi latholakala ukuhlonipha uPierre Brichard, owaqoqa iqoqo lalawa namanye ama-cichlids ngo-1971.
Kuyisiphetho seLake Tanganyika e-Afrika, futhi ihlala ikakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho yaleli chibi. Ifomu eliphambili lombala litholakala ngokwemvelo eBurundi, kanye nokwehluka eTanzania.
Ihlala emadwaleni ama-biotopes, futhi itholakala ezikoleni ezinkulu, kwesinye isikhathi zibala amakhulu ezinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kokuhlwanyela, zihlukana zibe ngamabili aminyene futhi ziphume ezindlini zokugcina.
Zitholakala emanzini apholile, ngaphandle kwemisinga ekujuleni kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwangama-25, kepha ikakhulukazi kumakhompiyitha ayi-7-10.
Inhlanzi ye-Bentopelagic, okungukuthi, inhlanzi echitha iningi lempilo yayo ungqimba olungaphansi. Inkosazana yaseBurundi idla i-algae ekhula emadwaleni, phytoplankton, zooplankton, izinambuzane.
UKUPHILA KULULA
Ngokokuqala ngqa, iNkosazana yaseBurundi yahlukaniswa nguPol ngo-1974. Igama elithi brichardi latholakala ukuhlonipha uPierre Brichard, owaqoqa iqoqo lalawa namanye ama-cichlids ngo-1971. Kuyisiphetho seLake Tanganyika e-Afrika, futhi ihlala ikakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho yaleli chibi. Ifomu eliphambili lombala litholakala ngokwemvelo eBurundi, kanye nokwehluka eTanzania.
Inkosazana yaseBurundi ihlala emadwaleni ama-biotopes, futhi itholakala ezikoleni ezinkulu, kwesinye isikhathi ezibalelwa ezinkulungwaneni zezinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kokuhlwanyela, zihlukana zibe ngamabili aminyene futhi ziphume ezindlini zokugcina. Zitholakala emanzini apholile, ngaphandle kwemisinga ekujuleni kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwangama-25, kepha ikakhulukazi kumakhompiyitha ayi-7-10. Inhlanzi ye-Bentopelagic, okungukuthi, inhlanzi echitha iningi lempilo yayo ungqimba olungaphansi. Inkosazana yaseBurundi idla i-algae ekhula emadwaleni, phytoplankton, zooplankton, izinambuzane.
Ukubukeka
I-N. pulcher Princess iBurundi yinhlanzi ebukekayo enomzimba ophakeme namaphiko angaphekiwe. I-caudal fin inethiphu eyakhiwe ngo-lyre enezinqubo. Izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zifinyelela ubude obungu-10-13 cm, futhi zikhulu ngisho nangokwengeziwe ku-aquarium - ukuya ku-15 cm. Isikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engu-8-10.
Abantu banomzimba okhanyayo onemibala emfushane yamabala aphuzi namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uphuzi uqine ngokwengeziwe emzimbeni ophezulu, emgqonyeni we-dorsal kanye nasezisekelweni zamaphini we-pectoral. Ngemuva kancane kwamehlo kunemivimbo emile emile ibunjiwe, ikhipha okwesibhakabhaka. Dorsal fin ngesimo se-lyre. Yonke iminjunju engakhokhelwa inemibala emide, amathiphu ayo ahlukaniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amehlo enhlanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
IBurundi abesilisa nabesifazane
Abesilisa abadala bavame ukuba bakhulu, izeluleko zamaphiko abo aphakathi kwawesilisa nangaphezulu zinde kunabesifazane. Ukondla INdlovukazi yaseBurundi INdlovukazi yaseBurundi iyinhlobo ebabazekayo. Emvelweni, idla ngeplankton kwikholamu yamanzi nama-invertebrates. Ama-Aquarists anganikeza ukudla okukhona nokufriza enhlanzi, kanye nokudla kwezitshalo (i-spirulina, isipinashi) njengokugqoka okuphezulu. Ama-feed omile nawo afanelekile, kepha hhayi kaningi.
Ukuziphatha kweNeolamprologus brichardi
okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi e-Afrika, eziphawuleka ngokunakekelwa kwezingane zazo. Le cichlid yakha amaqembu omphakathi angapheli ahlanganisa umbhangqwana owodwa wozalo nabasizi bayo bobabili ubulili. Impumelelo ephelele yokuzala (ilinganiselwa ngosayizi wobumbano nokusinda kwefry) itholakala ngombhangqwana nabasizi.
Usayizi wamaski uncishiswa phambi kwezihlobo, okukhombisa ikhono lowesifazane ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwe-caviar ezimweni ezivumayo. Lapho abazali nabasizi benakekela izingane, ubungozi bokuqunjelwa buyancipha. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umkhuba wokuncipha kokuzala awubonwa ngobuningi besibalo sabantu.
UKUPHEPHA KULO OKUQUKETHWE
Ukukhetha okuhle kwababili abangama-aquarists abanolwazi nabasaqala. IBurundi kulula ukuyinakekela, inqobo nje uma i-aquarium ibanzi ngokwanele futhi omakhelwane bakhethwe kahle. Zinokuthula, zihlangana kahle nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-cichlid, azithobeki ekunikezeni ukudla futhi zilula ngokwanele ukuzalanisa.
UKUDLA
Emvelweni, iPrincess of Burundi idla nge-phyto ne-zooplankton, ulwelwe olukhula emadwaleni nasezinambuzaneni. Zonke izinhlobo zokudla okwenziwe ngokufakelwa, oku bukhoma nokuqandisiwe kudliwa emanzini. Isisekelo sokondleka kahle singaba ukuphakelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yama-cichlids ase-Afrika, aqukethe zonke izinto zawo ezidingekayo. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho ondle ukudla okubukhoma: artemia, koretra, gammarus nabanye. Kuyadingeka futhi ukugwema noma ukunikela kancane i-bloodworm kanye ne-tubule, ngoba kuvame ukuholela ekuphazamisweni komgudu wokugaya wamaAfrika.
OKUQUKETHWE
Ngokungafani namanye ama-Afrika, inhlanzi iPrincess Burundi ibhukuda ngenkuthalo kulo lonke u-aquarium. Ukulungiswa, i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-70 noma ngaphezulu kufanelekile, kodwa kungcono kakhulu ukuyigcina iqoqekile, e-aquarium kusuka kumalitha ayi-150. Badinga amanzi ahlanzekile, anokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo okukuwo, ngakho-ke kuzosebenzisa kahle isihlungi sangaphandle esinamandla. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola njalo inani lama-nitrate kanye ne-ammonia emanzini, ngoba ayazwela kuwo. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kubalulekile ukuyishintsha njalo ingxenye yamanzi bese ufaka phansi, ususe imikhiqizo ebolile.
ILake Tanganyika ingelesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ngakho-ke ukushintshashintsha kwamamodeli namazinga okushisa kuwo aphansi kakhulu. Onke ama-cichlidi eTanganyik adinga ukudala izimo ezifanayo, okushisa okungekho ngaphansi kwe-22C futhi kungabi ngaphezu kwama-28C. I-Optimum izoba ngu-24-26C. Futhi echibini, amanzi alukhuni (12 - 14 ° dGH) ne-alkaline pH 9. Noma kunjalo, e-aquarium, inkosazana yaseBurundi ivumelana kahle namanye amapharamitha, kodwa-ke amanzi kufanele abe nzima, kulapho esiseduzane khona nemingcele ebekiwe, engcono. Uma amanzi asendaweni yakho ethambile, kuzodingeka usebenzise ubuqili obahlukahlukene, njengokufaka ama-coral chip emhlabathini ukuze kubenze babe nzima.
Ngokuqondene nokuhlobisa i-aquarium, khona-ke kuwo wonke ama-Afrika icishe ifane. Lesi yisibalo esikhulu samatshe nezindawo zokukhosela, inhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye nenani elincane lezitshalo. Into esemqoka lapha kusele amatshe nezindawo zokukhosela, ukuze izimo zokuboshwa zifane nemvelo yemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka.
UKUZALWA
Ibhangqa lakhiwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, kepha ngokuphumula lifisa ukuhlala ephaketheni. Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngomzimba obude obungama-5 cm. Njengomthetho, bathenga isikole esincane sezinhlanzi bese bezikhulisa kanyekanye baze bakha ngababili. Kaningi, amakhosazana aseBurundi avela endaweni ehlala emanzini, futhi ngokungabonakali.
Kuma-fish ambalwa udinga i-aquarium okungenani amalitha angama-50, uma ubala ukwanda kweqembu, bese kuthi okungaphezulu, ngoba umbhangqwana ngamunye udinga insimu yawo.Kunezelwa izindawo zokukhosela ezinhlobonhlobo e-aquarium; izithandani zibekela amaqanda ngaphakathi. Amapharamitha ekusakazeni: izinga lokushisa 25 - 28 ° С, 7.5 - 8.5 pH no-10 - 20 ° dGH.
Ngesikhathi sokubekwa kokuqala, insikazi ibekela amaqanda afinyelela kwayi-100, ngokulandelayo kuze kufike ku-200. Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi inakekela amaqanda, bese owesilisa evikela. I-larva hatch ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, futhi emva kwezinye izinsuku ezingama-7- 7, i-fry izobhukuda bese iqala ukondla. Ukudla okuqala - ama-rotifers, i-naupilia brine shrimp, i-nematode. UMaleki ukhula kancane, kepha abazali bakhe bayamnakekela isikhathi eside futhi kwesinye isikhathi izizukulwane eziningana zihlala e-aquarium.
Isimo senhlalo
Njengoba i-Neolamprologus pulcher ibambiselana ngokuzalanisa, baneqembu eliphakeme kwezenhlalo. Isinyathelo esiphakeme kakhulu kuso sithengwa abakhiqizi, bese kulandela abasizi. Lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye. Ngokuya ngosayizi nekhwalithi yendawo, inani lezinhlanzi eziseqenjini liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-15. Ubukhulu besikole buthinta kahle ukusinda komuntu ngamunye. Njengomthetho, imihlambi emikhulu inezihlobo zabasizi bonyaka.
Ukwehluka ngokomzimba Abakhiqizi bezinhlanzi abavela kwamanye amazwe bavame ukuhluka kubalingani obukhulu bomzimba. Esikhathini esingaphambi kokusakazeka, i-glycogen ethe xaxa ifakwa esibindini kubantu abadumile, futhi bakhombisa ukukhula okuphezulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ngokungafani nabasizi, banokuhlushwa kwe-cortisol ephezulu ye-plasma. Lokhu kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle kwengcindezi. Ukuncintisana kokuzalela. Amadoda amadala ancintisana ngokutholwa kokukhulelwa kwezinsikazi, okubonisa isikhundla phakathi kwezinhlanzi zabakhiqizi. Abesilisa abathola kabusha bangabopha ingxenye yobumbano ngobunono, ngokungenakuphikiswa kubantu abaqavile. Uma ukuqhekeka okunjalo kudlula, umnikelo wokukhiqizwa kabusha kwabesilisa abaphila ngokuphumelelayo uyakhuphuka.
Ngakho-ke, ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu ekuhlukaniseni inkosazana yaseBurundi kuyabonakala ngendlela yokucindezela ukuzala. Iqiniso ngukuthi abakhiqizi besilisa banezivivinyo ezinkudlwana uma ziqhathaniswa nabangane bomshado, kanye nesidoda esisheshayo nesisebenzayo.
Isidoda sabasizi abakhulu ezindaweni zabo sifana nesidoda sabantu abaqavile, kepha izivivinyo zabo azisikhulu kangako. Ngakho-ke, amandla abo okushiya inzalo ancishisiwe. Obaba abaningi Isimo lapho ukwanda okukodwa kube nobaba abaningi kuyinto eyejwayelekile eBurundi.
Imininingwane yezakhi zofuzo etholwe eqenjini leNeolamprologus pulcher cichlid elivela eLake Tanganyika iveze ukuthi obaba abaningi bangama-80% weqembu elifundayo. Ubunina babuye bubonwe lapho insikazi ephindaphindayo ihluma eceleni kwayo nowesifazane omkhulu.
Incazelo
Abantu abadala bafinyelela ubude obuyi-7-9 cm. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa buthaka. Abesilisa, ngokungafani nabesifazane, bakhulu ngokwengeziwe futhi banezeluleko ezinde zamaphinifa omdumba nowamaduna. Umbala ungwevu ngemibala ephuzi, ibonakala kakhulu ekhanda nasemaphepheni, imiphetho yamuva, ipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla kufanele kube ukudla okukhona noma okubandayo, okufana ne-brine shrimp, i-bloodworms, i-daphnia, njll. Ukudla okwomile okunezithako zamakhambi (okusanhlamvu, okugayiwe) kusetshenziswa njengesengezo, njengomthombo wamavithamini namaminerali.
Ubungako be-aquarium yokugcina eyodwa noma amabili ama-cichlid ePrincess Burundi angaqala kusuka kumalitha angama-50-60. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlela ukuzala noma ukuhlanganisa nezinye izinhlanzi, ke usayizi wethangi kufanele ukhuphuke. Umthamo wamalitha ayi-150 noma ngaphezulu uzothathwa njengowanele.
Umhlobiso ulula futhi uqukethe inhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye namatshe amatshe, amadwala, lapho kuvela khona imigodi, izingqalabutho, amafomu emiqolombeni - ngoba indawo yemvelo eLake Tanganyika ibukeka kanjena. Asikho isidingo sezitshalo (eziphilayo noma zokufakelwa).
Ukulungiswa okuphumelela kwesikhathi eside kuncike ekuqinisekiseni izimo zamanzi ezinzile ebangeni elamukelekayo lokushisa namanani we-hydrochemical. Ngale njongo, i-aquarium ifakelwe uhlelo lokuhlunga futhi kwenziwa inqubo yokulungiswa ejwayelekile, okubandakanya: ukufakwa kwamasonto onke kwengxenye yamanzi (15-20% wevolumu) ngokususwa okusha kokungcola okuphathekayo (izinsalela zokuphakela, ukumbiwa), ukuvimbela imishini, ukulawulwa kokuhlushwa imikhiqizo yomjikelezo we-nitrogen (ammonia, nitrites, nitrate).
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana
Kubhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni zomhlaba. Ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka, abesilisa baba ngababekezelelanayo, kanye nomakhelwane e-aquarium, bebabona njengosongo enzalweni yabo. Kuthangi elincane, abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo zabo, ngokwesibonelo, owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abambalwa, bavunyelwe. Uma kunesikhala esanele (kusuka kumalitha ayi-150), abesilisa nababili noma ngaphezulu kanye nabesifazane, kanye nabamele ezinye izinhlobo ezivela phakathi kwezakhamizi zeLake Tanganyika, bangahlangana.
Ukuzalela / Ukuzalela
Ukuzalela kulula kakhulu. Izinhlanzi zibonisa ukunakekelwa okumangazayo kwabazali, okubandakanya namanye amalungu eqembu. Owesilisa nowesifazane bakha umbhangqwana ozinzile ongaphikelela isikhathi eside. Lolu hlobo lwama-cichlid ngokwawo athola umlingani, ngakho-ke kungadingeka ukuthi uthole i-pair eyakhekile, noma wenze kubonakale ngokwakho. Thola iqembu lezinhlanzi ezi-6 ezincane. Njengoba bekhula, okungenani umbhangqwana owodwa kufanele wakhe phakathi kwabo. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, e-aquarium encane, kungcono ukususa owesilisa owedlulele.
Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, izinhlanzi zizitholela umhume ofanele, lapho ziyovuthwa khona. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-200, iwanamathisele odongeni noma i-arch ngaphakathi komhume, futhi ihlala eduze kwe-clutch. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uvikela indawo ezungezile. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezingama-2-3, kuzodingeka elinye isonto ukuze i-fry ibhukuda ngokuzimela. Ukusuka kulo mzuzu, ungaphaka ukudla, ngokwesibonelo, i-nauplii artemia noma eminye imikhiqizo ehloselwe inhlanzi yezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Abazali bavikelwa yinzalo isikhathi esithe xaxa, kanti nezinye izintokazi nazo zinganakekela. Isizukulwane esincane siba yingxenye yeqembu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho sesifinyelele eminyakeni yokuthomba, izinsizwa ezincane kuzofanele zisuswe.
Isifo sezinhlanzi
Imbangela enkulu yezifo ilele ezimeni zokuboshwa, uma zidlula ebangeni elamukelekayo, khona-ke ngokungenakuvinjwa kunokucindezelwa kokugomela kanti inhlanzi iba sematheni kokutheleleka okuhlukahlukene okungabikhona emvelweni. Uma kunokusola kokuqala ukuthi inhlanzi iyagula, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubheka izinhlaka zamanzi kanye nokuba khona kwenqwaba yemikhiqizo ye-nitrogen. Ukubuyisela izimo ezijwayelekile / ezifanele kuvame ukuba nomthelela ekwelapheni. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, umuthi awukwazi ukusatshalaliswa. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezimpawu nokwelashwa, bheka isigaba se-Aquarium Fish Diseases.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ingxenye engasenyakatho yeLake Tanganyika (East Africa), ehlala ama-biotope angajulile, angavamile ukutholakala ekujuleni kwezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kuka-7. Bentokeragic. Ihlala emanzini ngokushisa kwe- + 22 ... + 25 ° C ne-pH = 8.0-9.0 ekujuleni kuka-3 kuya ku-25-30 m.
Indlela yokuphila
Idla kuma-phyto- kanye ne-zooplankton, ama-mollusks nezinambuzane. Lezi izinhlanzi zesikole eziqinile, ngokungafani nezinye izibani zesibani. Ama-Flocks asuselwa ekuvumelaneni futhi ahlukaniswa isikhundla esiphakeme esiqinile. Umnyombo womhlambi yiqembu elincane labakhiqizi, imvamisa abengekho ngaphezulu kwe-10 yabantu. Zizala ngenkuthalo, futhi izikhathi eziphakathi kokuklabhuka zifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-20. Ukunakekelwa kwamaqanda, izibungu kanye nefry okuqale ukubhukuda akunikezwa abakhiqizi kuphela, kodwa futhi neqembu elikhethekile labasizi. Bangama-fry weqembu leminyaka engu-4-5, ikakhulukazi abesifazane besikhathi esizayo. Leli qembu lithatha igxathu lesibili elangeni lokuphaka kwephakethe. Iqembu elilandelayo likhula lize lifinyelele esigabeni sonyaka wesihlanu. Njengoba sebefinyelele ezinyangeni ezingama-3-4 ubudala, bashiya abazali babo bechitha izindawo, begcwalisa ingxenye enkulu yomhlambi. Leli yiqembu "elisebenzile" kakhulu elingenalo ngisho nendawo yalo. Imvamisa zitholakala ku-1-2 m ngaphezu kwezizathu zabazali bazo, lapho izinyamazane zihlala zithuka khona.
Amamitha eneminyaka eyi-8-10 izinyanga. Owesilisa ubhoboka kanye nowesifazane oyedwa noma abaningi. Intokazi engaphambi kokubeletha ihlukaniswa yi-papilla ende yokuzala. I-Caviar imvamisa ibekwa ngaphakathi kwe-substrate. Ukuqhekeka okuyingxenye; ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi ifafaza amaqanda angama-30. Izimbotshana zezinhlanzi zigada indawo lapho zibeke khona amaqanda.
E-USSR, amabutho asemanzini abelokhu egcina inkosazana yaseBurundi kusukela ngo-1972. I-pair yezinhlanzi idinga i-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wama-50-60 l, kepha kungcono ukugcina iqembu (owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi) e-aquarium enkulu (okungenani i-150 l). Kufanele imbozwe, njengoba nenhlanzi ingagxuma iphume. I-aquarium ifakwe indawo enamadwala asogwini enemihume emincane, inhlabathi enamadwala namathanga e-wallisneria emakhoneni. Izitshalo, ukuze izinhlanzi zazo zingaboli, kubalulekile ukutshala ezimbizeni noma ezimpandeni zamatshe. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi + 22 ... + 26 ° С (ubuningi + 28 ° С), pH = 7.6-8.1 (ubuncane 7.0, ubukhulu bungu-8.6), ubunzima bokubeka kwamanzi dH = 8- 20 ° (25 °) . I-Aeration nokuhlunga kuyadingeka (isihlungi sinxanelekile ngesigaxa semabula esichotshoziwe), ushintsho lweviki le-10-30% lomthamo wamanzi onezimpawu ezifanayo. Izimo ezise-aquarium kumele zizinze. Izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula zihamba kahle e-aquarium enomakhelwane abaphakathi nendawo abangahlukumezi - imicibisholo (Melanotaenia i-spp.), ama-atherins (I-Telmatherina ladige-si) nabanye abathanda amanzi kanzima ngokusabela kwe-alkali kancane. Ukudideka kuvela kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Zondliwa okuphilayo okuphilayo futhi ngaphezu kwalokho zomile (zidla ngokungathandeki). Ungasuthisa ifilimu elihlotshisiwe lenhlanzi zasolwandle.
Hlakazeka ngababili. Ukusakaza i-aquarium okungenani amalitha angama-50 isibili ngalinye. E-aquarium enkulu (ngaphezu kwama-200 l), ukuqhuma kweqembu kungenzeka. Ezindaweni ezinwebekayo, izimbiza zezimbali ezingenawo phansi noma grottoes zamatshe ziyadingeka. Ukunwebeka kungavuselelwa ukufaka esikhundleni samanzi ayi-10% anezici ezifanayo zamakhemikhali kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okungaba ngu-2 ° (kuze kufike ku- + 26 ... + 27 ° C). I-Caviar imvamisa ibekwa ngaphakathi kwendlu yokukhosela. Ukuzala kufinyelela kumaqanda angama-200, ekuqhekekeni kokuqala cishe ama-80 ama-PC. Isikhathi sokufakwayo sithatha izinsuku ezintathu. Izibungu ziphenduka zibe-gazinga bese ziqala ukuzondla zodwa emva kwezinsuku eziyi-6 - 9 emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-25 ° C. Ukudla okuqalayo kuyiplankton encane: ama-rotifers, brine shrimps kanye neziqhingi. Abazali banakekela inzalo isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke i-fry yezizukulwane ezintathu kwesinye isikhathi ingaba se-aquarium. Izinhlanzi ezimbili zigada insimu engabalelwa ku-25 cm ezungeze indawo yokukhosela ene-caviar. Amajaha, akhula abe ngu-3-5 cm, ahlala endaweni yabazali noma eduze kwemingcele yawo futhi asebenze njengabasizi ekuvikeleni nasekunakekeleni insimu, akhombise ukuthobeka kubazali nakumalungu amakhulu omndeni, kepha ahlasela abantu bangaphandle ngolaka. Izinsizwa ezinjalo zinezindleko eziphansi zamandla kanye nesilinganiso sokukhula kancane. Kudwetshwe abasebasha, njengabazali. Kunezimo ezihlala zivela ezinhlotsheni zabantu abadala ezivikela uhlobo lwenkungu yezinhlobo zazo. Abazali banakekela izingane zabo amasonto amabili, bese baphinda bakulungele ukuqhuma, bese bezitshalwa zona noma izibungu. Uma kunesidingo sokusheshisa ukuqhuma okulandelayo, imbiza ye-caviar ngemuva kokuqhuma kufanele idluliselwe ukuze isifakwe kwesinye isitsha, ngaphandle kokulinda izibungu zibambe.
INdlovukazi yaseBurundi iyinhle ngokwedlula yonke futhi imelana kakhulu nezimo zemvelo phakathi kwabamele uhlobo I-Neolamprologus.
Ubunzima kokuqukethwe
Ukukhetha okuhle kwababili abangama-aquarists abanolwazi nabasaqala. IBurundi kulula ukuyinakekela, inqobo nje uma i-aquarium ibanzi ngokwanele futhi omakhelwane bakhethwe kahle.
Zinokuthula, zihlangana kahle nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-cichlid, azithobeki ekunikezeni ukudla futhi zilula ngokwanele ukuzalanisa.
Okuqukethwe, kulula, kubekezelela izimo ezahlukahlukene futhi kudla zonke izinhlobo zokuphakelwa, kepha kufanele kuphilwe endaweni enamanzi amaningi omakhelwane abakhethwe kahle. Yize inkosazana yaseBurundi kufanele ibe nezindawo zokukhosela eziningi e-aquarium enenhlanzi ye-aquarium, ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi ihambahamba ngokukhululekile ezungeza i-aquarium.
Futhi unikezwe ukuthambekela kwama-cichlidi amaningi ase-Afrika ukubuyela emuva, lokhu kufaka okukhulu kakhulu kumuntu wasemanzini.
Ngokunikezwa umbala ogqamile, umsebenzi, ukungathobeki, inhlanzi ilungele kahle izimbangi zasemanzini ezinolwazi futhi zokuqala, inqobo nje uma lezi zangoma zikhetha kahle omakhelwane bayo nokuhlobisa.
Le yinhlanzi efundayo ebhangiswa ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyigcina eqenjini. Imvamisa banokuthula impela futhi abakhombisi ukufutheka ezihlotsheni zabo.
Igcinwa kangcono ku-cichlid, emhlambini, ama-cichlid afana nawo azoba omakhelwane.