I-Atlantic mackerel
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

I-Scomber scombrus ULinnaeus, 1758

I-Atlantic mackerel (lat. Scomber scombrus) - izinhlanzi zomndeni wama-mackerel we-oda le-mackerel. Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bube ngama-60 cm, okuyisilinganiso amasentimitha angama-30. Umzimba umise okwendilinga, umbozwe ngezikali ezincane ze-cycloid. Umhlane uluhlaza okotshani, omnyama imicu emincane emincane. Umzimba ophansi nesisu mhlophe. Akukho bhulogi lokubhukuda.

IMackerel iyisifunda esenyakatho yolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean: ngasogwini olusempumalanga ukusuka e-Iceland kuya eCanary Islands, kanye naseBaltic (kuya eGulf of Finland), eNyakatho, eMedithera, eMarmara, eBlack Seas, ogwini olusentshonalanga - kusuka eLabrador kuya eCape Hatteras (North Carolina). Ukuhanjelwa kweMackerel ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwehlobo kuphawulwe eBarents naseWhite Seas. Kutholakala ngobuningi obukhulu eNorth Sea kusuka ku-English Channel kuya eSkagerrak nasogwini oluseningizimu ntshonalanga ye-Ireland.

Ibhayoloji

IMackerel ingumhlambi we-pelagic wezinhlanzi ze-thermophilic. Ukubhukuda ngokushesha (ngokujikijela - kuze kufike ku-77 km / h). Ama-Flocks ngokuvamile awaqukethe ukungcola kwezinye izinhlanzi (akufani ne-herring) futhi aqukethe abantu abalinganayo. IMackerel ihlala emazingeni okushisa angama-8 kuye kwangama-20 ° C, yingakho kuphoqelelwa ukuba kwenziwe ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile ogwini lwaseMelika naseYurophu, kanye naphakathi kweMarmara neBlack Seas. Lokhu kuthuthela kunemvelo yokondla (ukudla kwe-mackerel kunhlanzi encane ne-zooplankton).

IMackerel isebusika ekujuleni kuka-150-250 m eceleni komthambeka weshalofu wezwekazi. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, ayisebenzi futhi ayidli okuningi. Entwasahlobo isondela ngasogwini ukuze iqhume. Ngakho-ke iBlack Sea mackerel ebusika nezinhlobo zoLwandle lwaseMarmara. Ukusatshalaliswa kwakhe kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho abantu abahamba ngezinyawo badlule eBosphorus baye oLwandle Olumnyama. Inkambo enkulu yama-mackerel iqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, imvamisa ogwini lwaseBulgaria nolaseRomania. Ukhula luhlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi, imvamisa eduze komphezulu, yenza umsindo, futhi kubonakala kahle ngama-splashes kanye nobumnyama bamanzi, kanye nokuqongelela izinyamazane ezidla izinhlanzi - dolphins, tuna, gulls. Ukuphindisela emuva kwe-mackerel eLwandle Olumnyama kuya oLwandle iMarmara kuqala lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla laya ku-10 ° C futhi liphela ngoDisemba - uFebhuwari, ingxenye encane yalo ebusika ihlala ogwini lwaseTurkey naseCaucasus.

IMackerel iyavuthwa ngokocansi ineminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengama-4; ukuqina kwayo kungamaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-350-500. Ungaphila iminyaka eyi-17-18.

Izinhlanzi zeMackerel

Impendulo yombuzo lapho kutholakala khona i-mackerel, uzofunda kulesi sihloko. Kungokuhleleka kwe-percussion, kuyingxenye yomndeni wama-mackerel. Kuyamangaza ukuthi umjikelezo wayo awuhlangene nhlobo naphansi, ngakho-ke kubhekwa njengenhlanzi ye-pelagic.

Le yinhlanzi enkulu. Ubude bawo bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-64. Umuntu omaphakathi cishe amasentimitha angama-30. Umzimba osesimweni ufana ne-spindle, embozwe ngezikali ezincane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ibladder yokubhukuda, okumelwe izinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziningi, ibe khona noma ingekho ku-mackerel.

Isihlobo se-perch

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-mackerel ibhekwa njengenhlanzi enhle kakhulu, isihlobo sayo esisondelene si-perch. Futhi elinye igama lakhe yi-mackerel. Isisindo esiphezulu se-mackerel singafinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili. Kodwa ama-specimens ayo amancane angaba mancane kakhulu, anesisindo esingama-300- 300 amagremu.

Izinhlanzi ezisetshenziselwe le ndatshana zinombala wesiliva, umhlane wazo uluhlaza okotshani, imivimbo emnyama edlulayo idlula emzimbeni wonke. IMackerel inamaphiko angeziwe, ngaphezu kwe-pectoral ne-dorsal ejwayelekile.

Njengamalungu amaningi omndeni wama-mackerel, angacabanga ngendandatho yethambo etholakala eduze kwamehlo. Ubuye abe ne-snout ekhomba, amazinyo amancane amise okomhlana.

Izinhlobo zeMackerel

Ochwepheshe bakhomba okungenani izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zale nhlanzi. Okukhulu kunazo zonke kuzo kungama-Afrika. Ifinyelela usayizi omkhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izihlobo zayo.

Kepha okuncane kubhekwa njenge-mackerel yaseJapan, noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zale nhlanzi - i-Australia ne-Atlantic.

Habitat

Ngakho-ke, ikuphi i-mackerel. Kakhulu ukhetha ukuhlala ezilwandle, ngokwande noma okuvamisile kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Akekho olwandle olulodwa kuphela emhlabeni oyi-Earth - i-Arctic.

Lapho ukubhukuda kwama-mackerel, njengomthetho, izinkambo zezindawo ezinkulu zihlelwe ukuze zivune. Ukusuka olwandle, izinhlanzi zibhukuda ngazo zonke izinhlobo zolwandle ezisondele kuzo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kutholakala khona izinhlanzi ze-mackerel, wonke umuntu onesifiso sokuhweba kwakhe uyazi. Isibonelo, kunamanzi amaningi oLwandle Olumhlophe. Futhi ubhukuda ngazo zonke izinhlobo zolwandle lwasolwandle. Lezi yiMarble, iBaltic, emnyama nezinye eziningi. Manje usuyazi ngqo ukuthi itholakala kuphi i-mackerel.

Itholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba futhi ibhukuda nasogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika. Okubalulekile yilapho i-mackerel ihlala khona phakathi kokufuduka kwehlobo. Amanzi ale nhlanzi angena oMhlophe kanye naseBarents Seas. Iningi lazo lihlangana eduze nogu lwase-Ireland, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-nentshonalanga yezwe.

Njengoba ubona, lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi i-mackerel ihlala kuphi eRussia, kwanele ukuthi kuhlu iningi lezilwandle lapho kunamanzi esifunda saseRussia. Ngendlela, i-mackerel yase-Atlantic noma ye-Far Eastern ivame ukuwa emashalofini ezitolo ezifuywayo.

Kulesi sihloko, ufundile ukuthi litholakala kuphi i-mackerel eRussia.

Indlela yokuphila

Lapho kuhlala khona i-mackerel, ukubamba kuvame ukuba okuhle ngoba kukhetha ukubhukuda hhayi ngaphansi kwaphansi, kepha eduze kobuso bamanzi. Lezi zibhukudi ezinhle kakhulu ezijwayelaniswa nokuphila kumachibi kasawoti.

Inani elikhulu lamaphiko ongeziwe liyabasiza ukuba bangangeni ezinkingeni ngokuhamba ngokushesha. Izinhlanzi zihlala zigcina ama-jambs, evame ukuhlanganiswa nama-sardines asePeru. IMackerel inezitha eziningi emanzini nasemoyeni. Lawa ama-pelicans, namahlengethwa, noshaka, namabhubesi olwandle, ngisho ne-tuna enkulu.

IMackerel izizwa ikhululekile kuphela ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-8 kuye kwangama-20. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ifuduke. Unyaka wonke uhlala emanzini afudumele oLwandlekazi i-India.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngisho nasemanzini aseTurkey awafudumele ngokwanele, ngakho-ke, lapho nje izinga lokushisa lehlisa, i-mackerel ibhukuda iye ezindaweni zayo zomdabu. Ukusuka oLwandle Olumnyama, izinhlanzi ziqhubekela ngasenyakatho neYurophu. Ngokuvamile kuba nemifudlana efudumele ebanikeza ukuba babe nokuphila okuntofontofo. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ama-mackerel awasebenzi, asebenzisa amandla namandla kuphela efuna ukudla.

Emanzini, ingakhula isivinini esikhulu - ifike ku-30 ​​km / h.

Idla kanjani i-mackerel?

IMackerel - izisulu zakudala. Badla ama-plankton kanye nama-crustaceans amancane, ahluzwa ngaphandle kwamanzi. Izinhlanzi ezindala zingadla ama-squid noma izinhlanzi ezincane.

Ihlasela inyamazane yayo, i-mackerel iyaphonsa, emizuzwini nje embalwa iba nesivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-mackerel iqoqwa emhlanjini. Imvamisa ihlasela i-hamsa, ama-sandstones, ama-sprats.

Ukusebenza kwiphakethe, i-mackerel yenza inyamazane inyukele phezulu. Empeleni kusunduza abaphikisi ekhoneni. Futhi-ke sekuqala ukudla. Izisulu eziseduze, isibonelo, amahlengethwa noma izinyoni zasolwandle, zijoyine. Inqwaba enjalo yezinhlanzi ibonakala kahle kusuka phezulu.

Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, i-mackerel imnandi kakhulu. Isifiso esinamandla kunazo zonke se-mackerel yase-Australia. Udla yonke into ilandelana, engazi ngempela ukuthi ngabe iyakudala yini. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ama-angler ase-Australia. I-mackerel enjalo ingabanjwa ngisho nakulayini ngaphandle kochuku.

Ukuzalela ama-mackerel

Ukuqalwa kwe-Mackerel kuqala ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Emva kwalokho kuletha ezizayo njalo ngonyaka. Ukuguga kule nhlanzi kwenzeka ekupheleni kweminyaka yeshumi yesibili.

Izinhlanzi ezindala ziyavela maphakathi nentwasahlobo, kuyilapho izinhlanzi ezincane zizala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Ukuzala kwazo kuyasebenza kakhulu, ngoba inhlanzi iyanda kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, angashiya amaqanda angaba ngamakhulu ayisihlanu ekujuleni kwamamitha angamakhulu amabili. Ububanzi beqanda ngalinye licishe lingabonakali ngeso lomuntu - lingamamilimitha elilodwa. Kuwo munye ngamunye wabo kunethonsi lamafutha, ngosizo lapho i-fry idla kuyo yonke intuthuko yalo.

Zingaki izibungu ezizokwakhiwa ngqo kuncike ekutheni izimo zikhululekile kanjani. Ngokwesilinganiso, le nkathi isukela ezinsukwini eziyishumi kuya emasontweni amathathu. Izibungu ze-mackerel ngokwazo zi-carnivorous, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zinolaka. Ukoma okudliwayo ngezikhathi ezithile kuzo kungavusa kangangokuba bayakwazi ukuphuma futhi badle.

Fry owazalwa mncane kakhulu ngosayizi. Amasentimitha ambalwa kuphela ubude. Kepha ekwindla bakhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ubukhulu bawo bukhuphuka okungenani kathathu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izinga lokukhula kwama-mackerel asemancane lincipha ngokubonakalayo.

Izimfihlo zokubamba i-mackerel

IMackerel yayibaluleke kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke, kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, ibilokhu iyinto yokudoba kakhulu. Namuhla, okungenani izinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-65 zale nhlanzi zibanjwa minyaka yonke ogwini olusentshonalanga.

Indawo yokuhlala kwama-mackerel inkulu kakhulu kangangokuba yenza sikwazi ukuyibamba ngazo zonke izinhlobo zamakhona omhlaba. Amabhizinisi wokubambisa ngokudoba asebenza eYurophu ogwini lweCanary Islands, kanye naseBaltic, eMnyama naseLwandle iMarmara.

Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, abadobi basebenza enyakatho ye-Iceland, nasogwini lwaseMurmansk eRussia. Ungahlangana nezikole ezinkulu ze-mackerel endaweni yeNovaya Zemlya, emanzini oLwandle Olumhlophe, kanye nenani elikhulu lezinye izindawo.

Ukubamba le nhlanzi, izinsimbi zensimbi noma esikhwameni zivame ukusetshenziswa. Sisetshenziswe futhi izingodo, izicwilisa, amanetha gill, zonke izinhlobo izingwegwe zokudoba.

Abadobi abanesizungu bavame ukubamba ama-mackerel. Kubavukuzi abanolwazi, lokhu akuyona into enkulu. Kusebenza kakhulu ukubamba i-mackerel esikebheni noma e-yacht. IMackerel yinhlanzi ehahayo, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuyiyenga. Kulokhu, noma yiziphi izinto ezikhanyayo nezibukekayo ziyafaneleka. Ngakho-ke, abadobi bahlomisa izingwegwe ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemininingwane emincane ecwebezelayo noma i-foil yesiliva. Into esemqoka ukuthi ibonakale kahle kusuka kude.

Noma iyiphi inhlanzi encane, inyama ye-shellfish noma i-bait yokufakelwa, ethengiswa mahhala, ihamba kahle ngebheyili.