Ubuhle obumnandi, ubuhle nephalethi elicebile lemibala yalezi zinhlanzi zimangalisa ababukeli lapho ziqala ukubonwa. Shono babizwa ngokuthi ipharadesi. Lezi yizikhathi zakudala zezindawo zokuhlala ezifuywayo: lolu hlobo lungolwesibili ngokulandelana ngemuva kokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi zegolide okwenziwa ngabase-Europe base-Europe. Ngeke sisamhlupha umfundi manje - le ndatshana izogxila kuma-macropods.
Incazelo yezinhlobo
Izinhlanzi ze-aquarium zakudala i-macropod ikhula ibe ngu-12 cm. Inokuhlukahluka kwemibala emihlanu - I-Classic, i-Albino, i-Blue, i-Orange, i-Red Smooth (i-Super Red). Okungajwayelekile kubo i-orenji, futhi okuvame kakhulu kungokwasendulo, yize manje eRussia sekuvele kuhlukile kulokho okwatholakala ngaphambilini noma ukutholakala kubathandi bakwamanye amazwe.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuwohloka okubangelwa ukondliwa okungafanele, ukugcinwa kanye nokuzalelwa kwale nhlanzi edumile kwezasemanzini. Njengamanje, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zasendulo, i-albino nezinsundu eziluhlaza zithunyelwa eRussia.
Mnyama i-macropod Ihlukaniswa ngombala omnyama nobukhulu obuthile. Ungaphezulu kwe-thermophilic. Izwe lezinhlanzi i-macropoda - Izidumbu zamanzi eningizimu yeMekong. Ihlukaniswa ngesimo sayo sokuthula. Ukudoba ezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezifanayo akutshengisi ulaka.
E-aquarium, ukuba khona kwezindawo zokukhosela ezinciphile, ezithambile nezikhala phakathi kwamatshe, ingilazi nemishini yangaphakathi ye-aquarium ayifanele. Esimweni esinyinyekile, ngeke akwazi ukubuyela emuva, futhi ngaphandle kokuthola umoya womkhathi, uyafa ngokushesha. Abantu abamnyama abangcolile bayacishe bangatholakali abathengiswayo, futhi ezimweni eziningi kungatholakala izidumbu ezihlukene zakwamanye amazwe.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani iMacropod?
Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-10 cm emadodeni nangu-8 cm kwabesifazane.
Isimo saso sinobude, sibude ngobude futhi isibopho sisuka ezinhlangothini.
Amaphiko mude futhi akhonjwe emaphethelweni (lokhu kusebenza ku-anal nakuma-dorsal). Umsila ucashile. Amaphiko asesiswini, njengakwamanye ama-labyrinth, afana ngesimo amadevu noma intambo.
Umzimba upendiwe ngokugqamile: ngokubhekene nesizinda esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imisho obude obude. Ukupenda okumbala kugcwalisa isithombe.
Amaphini aphindaphinda umbala wemivimbo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu (kwe-classic), kuneminye imibala, kufaka phakathi abamnyama ne-albino.
Abesifazane bahlukile kwabesilisa emzimbeni ogcwele, umbala okhanyayo ongatheni namaphampu amafushane.
I-Macropodus opercularis imvamisa ihlala i-5-6, futhi ngokunakekelwa okuhle, iminyaka eyi-8.
Lezi zidalwa azithobeki kakhulu. Kepha uma uvumela impilo e-aquarium Drift, khona-ke bayophenduka ezinhlanzini zasepharadesi, babe yizinhlanzi ezivele zingasebenzi. Uma ungafuni ukuguquka kwemicimbi okunjalo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzama futhi udale izimo ezintofontofo kakhulu zama-macropods. Yini edingekayo:
I-Aquarium. Umthamo wayo nge-pair kufanele okungenani ube amalitha ayi-10-20, futhi ngokulungile - amalitha angama-40. Ezitsheni ezincane, la chordate angaphila ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngeke nje akhule abe usayizi wawo ogcwele. Ukusuka ngaphezulu kungcono ukuyimboza, njengoba izinhlanzi zingagxuma ziphume. Ingilazi noma isembozo akufanele silingane ngokungakhathali, njengoba pods enkulu ifinyelela phezulu ukuphefumula. Ibanga elinconyiwe ukusuka emanzini kuya kwekhava lingama-5-6 cm.
Amanzi kufanele abe nokushisa kwama-degree angama-20-25, ubunzima be-5-25, i-acidity 6.5-8. AmaMacropod ayakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa esikhathi esifushane ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-35 degrees. Uma zingagcinwanga e-aquarium ejwayelekile, kodwa ngokwahlukana, khona-ke aeration kanye nokuhlunga akudingekile. Uma kusekhona ukuhlunga, khona-ke okwakhona okuqinile kumele kukhishwe. Kuhle ukwenza izinguquko ngamaphesenti angama-20-25 ngesonto.
Ukukhanya kumele kube njengokuhlinzeka ukukhula okuhle ezitshalweni.
Isihlabathi samalahle, amatshe amatshe amahle, amatshe amatshe ahlanzekile noma ubumba olweluliwe alungele inhlabathi. Ubumnyama obungcono. Ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha ayi-5.
Kuzothatha izitshalo eziningi. Kufanele atshalwe emhlabathini (wallisneria, Hornwort, pinnatifolia) futhi abekwe phezu kwamanzi (i-ricchia, i-duckweed, ipistach, i-nymphaeum). Amathikithi adingeka ngokukhethekile kowesifazane ukuba acashe kowesilisa ovuthayo nangokuklwebheka.
Ukuhlobisa - lezi zihlukile Driftwood, grottoes kanye nezinto. Kungcono ukuzikhethela lezo ezikwazi ukusebenza njengezindawo zokukhosela. Ukusatshalaliswa okungakahlelwanga: noma ukuzalaniswa kwama-macropods
Angihlwanyeli ukutshala ama-macropods ukuze aqhakaze. Bazalanisa nami njalo ezindaweni ezifuywayo ezijwayelekile, futhi ngivele ngithathe isidleke nge-caviar, ngibambe owesilisa bese ngiwudlulisela wonke ekuphambukeni, lapho ngithela khona amanzi asuka kumthamo ofanayo. Owesilisa uvame ukubuyisela isisulu sakhe esikhiye somoya lapho ephethe, aqoqe i-caviar eyehlele phansi aqale ukuyinakekela kube sengathi akukho okufakayo.
Angondli owesilisa ngenkathi nginakekela inzalo, angishiyi ukukhanya kobusuku - uphatha kahle ngaphandle kwayo. Yebo, ngihlangane ekuncomeni kwezincwadi mayelana nokukhanyiselwa ebusuku: zithi owesilisa ubona kangcono i-caviar, kepha ngokwemvelo, akekho okhanyisa i-clutch ngethoshi, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wami, ulala ebusuku, kunokuba anakekele kwezizukulwane ezizayo.
Cishe usuku ngosuku kamuva, izibungu ziqandusela emaqanda, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zisakazeka. Okwamanje ngibeka owesilisa ngaphandle futhi ngilethe ingxenye yokuqala yemindeni yasekhaya. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisebenzisa ukudla okwomile kweSera micron njengesengezo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisebenzisa ukuhlanza nsuku zonke, ngasikhathi sinye ngithatha cishe ama-80% wamanzi ngamanzi ahlanzekile, ahleliwe. Ngihluza esidala kubhavini ukuze kube lula ukubamba ifry (ngenkomishi yepulasitiki noma utshani obuvela ku-compressor) odonswa ndawonye emanzini ngethayile.
Kulesi sigaba, ukwakha ubungako obuphakeme bokuphakelwa, ngivame ukugcina inzalo yama-macropods e-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angaba ngu-5-10. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, ngiqala ukunikeza i-artemia bukhoma ku-Fry, kanye nokudla okuomile kweSera Mikropan, ngesonto kamuva ngazisa i-microworm ekudleni, i-artemia esetshenzisiwe, ngondle abancane ngombungu we-Grindal. Imodi yokushintsha kwamanzi ihlala ifana.
Eminyakeni yenyanga eyodwa, ama-fry afinyelela kubude obuyi-5 kuye ku-8 mm bese eqala ukudla ama-microplankton aqandisiwe kanye neziqhwithi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngivame ukuzidlulisela ku-aquarium enkulu, usayizi wayo kuya ngokuthi mangaki ama-macropods engifuna ukuwakhulisa. Lokhu futhi kunquma isidingo sokulwa nokuhlungwa. Isihlanza esibuthakathaka ngenyanga yokuqala noma ezimbili zokuphila siyasebenziseka, kepha angikaze ngisethwe ukuhlunga. Angihlaziyi gazinga, abadala badla abancane bese ngokwenza lokho bekhetha imvelo. Ngake ngahlela ukuthosa nama-macropods empeleni ngakhula kakhulu, cishe ikhulu. Kepha-ke, ngobunzima obukhulu, ngakhela leli horde ezandleni ezinhle, nezindawo ezihlala olwandle kuzo zazinde ngokungenangqondo, ngakho-ke ngincamela ukukhulisa izinhlanzi eziyi-10-20 kuze kube yilapho abasebasha bezonquma ngocansi - imvamisa kufika ezinyangeni ezi-3-4.
IMacropod: ukuhambisana
Inkampani efanele izinhlanzi zasepharadesi icishe ibe yingxenye yempumelelo ekunakekelweni kwazo. Iqiniso ngukuthi le mingcele iyizisulu ezinolaka kakhulu. Ukuthatha omakhelwane babo kunzima kakhulu.
Uma inhlanzi enjalo ibilinywa yodwa, ngakho-ke azikho izinketho zomakhelwane abaphumelelayo. Izosusa noma ilimaze wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Uma izinhlanzi zikhula zisuka ezinyangeni ezi-2 ubudala zinohlobo lwazo noma ezinye izinhlobo, ezifanayo ngosayizi, zingaphumi futhi ngaphandle kwamaveli, khona-ke ukufutheka kwazo kuzokwehla kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, uma inhlanzi ilahlwa ngaphandle kwe-aquarium ejwayelekile bese ibuyela kuyo, izobonwa yi-macropod njengomfokazi, futhi nokulwa akunakugwenywa.
- Awukwazi ukuqukatha ama-macropods nge -fishfish kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zawo, onama-Sumatran barb (ulimaza amadevu wama-macropods), anama-scalars, guppy molliesia nawo wonke uFry.
- Ungazama ukubangeza ezinhlanzini ezinkulu ezingenalo ulaka, ezingafani nokubukeka nobuntu be-macropod uqobo. Lezi zingaba ama-barbs (ngaphandle kweSumatran), i-zebrafish enkulu, i-tetras, ancistruses, i-synodontis, njll.
Awukwazi ukuhlala endaweni efanayo (ikakhulukazi encane) abesilisa ababili, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nezimpi ezibulalayo kuphela. Ungatshala umbhangqwana ndawonye, kodwa kowesifazane kufanelekile ngokwakha izindawo zokuhlala ezengeziwe.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
IMacropod ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Kepha lokhu akwenzeki ngoba kuyizinhlobo ezisengozini, kodwa njengokuvikela. Indawo yemvelo yalezi zinhlanzi ibanzi kakhulu, kepha izindawo eziningi zithuthukiswa ngabantu, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zingangcoliswa futhi zingase zingafanele impilo yezinhlanzi zasepharadesi.
Ukusakazeka kaningi kuyingozi kowesilisa, njengoba edangele kakhulu futhi angafa. Akunconyelwe yena ukuthi avumele ukudlula okungaphezu kuka-2-3 ngokulandelana. Ukuze unciphise inani labo, ungabonakala unciphise izimila eziku-aquarium bese udala amandla amanje. Kepha ukunqwabelana kuyasiza futhi kuyadingeka nakowesifazane, njengoba ethola njalo amaqanda, kepha isikhathi eside akakwazi ukumthwalela ngaphakathi ngenxa yokutholwa kwakhe kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-cysts.
I-GURAMI CARE CONTENTS DESCRIPTION SPARKING COMPATIBILITY.
Ngokungangabazeki, i-macropod iyinhlanzi ehehayo kakhulu. Iphatha ubuhle bobabili futhi inenzuzo ku-aquarium: iyayihlanza nge-parasites kanye neminenke. Futhi ibhonasi eyengeziwe ukunakekelwa okulula, okungenziwa ngisho nangabathandi bezinhlanzi abaqalayo. Mhlawumbe ukuphela komqondo kungukungqubuzana, kepha le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngokuphelele. Ukuhlobisa i-aquarium yakho ngezinhlanzi zepharadesi futhi ngeke uzisole!
Ukubukeka
Isidumbu seMacropod sivele, sithambile kamuva. Amaphini akhonjwe, umsila omude ubekelwe. Amafilimu esiswini athambile. Umbala uyakhanya: Imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu iyashintshana ngomzimba, amaphiko nawo abomvu-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, acwazimulayo lapho kukhanya.
Okuthunyelwe okwabiwe nguSeungYoung Choi (@nark_choi) ngomhlaka 10 Ephreli 2017 ngo-7: 13 pm PDT
Okwakudala
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo iMacropod yasendulo yiChina. Umzimba ungumnqumo noma onsundu. Izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinemidwebo ebunjiwe ebunjiwe zitholakala esiswini nasendaweni ekhanda. IMacropod ejwayelekile inezinketho zemibala ehlukile:
- Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemuva, umbala ushintsha ube nsomi.
- Albino. Isidumbu seMacropod simhlophe ngemivimbo ephuzi namaphinki apinki. Amehlo abomvu.
- Ubomvu bushelelezi. Umzimba onsundu, ikhanda liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaphiko abomvu, imivimbo emzimbeni cishe ingabonakali.
Mnyama
Indawo inhlanzi eyazalelwa kuyo yiVietnam, kodwa ngaphambili bekukholelwa ukuthi ama-macropod amnyama ahlala ezindaweni ezigcina amanzi e-Indonesia. Umbala ungwevu omnyama noma onsundu. Umsila wabesilisa ubomvu ngombala. Babonakala ngomuntu onamahloni futhi obekezelelayo.
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo
Izinhlobo eziyi-9 zezinhlanzi ziyaziwa, ezinye zazo zatholakala muva nje. IMacropod Ordinary ihlala emathangi asekhaya. Abafowethu basendle bahlala ezindaweni ezihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, eCambogia, iMalaysia, iJapan neKorea.
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo imifula kanye namachibi anezifundo ezihamba kancane, kanye nemifudlana nemifudlana, ngezikhathi ezithile izinhlanzi zasePharadesi zibhukuda emasimini erayisi. Abazideleli izimbotshana, amachibi ngisho nemisele yokunisela.
Ngaphandle, i-macropodus iyaphawuleka. Umzimba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka onemibala ebomvu neminsalo idonsela ukunaka. Umzimba obunjwe ngesiqubu uthambile ezinhlangothini. Umsila wembili ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-5 cm ubude. Amaphiko we-dorsal and pectoral akhonjisiwe. Inhlanzi iyakwazi ukuphefumula umoya, ibe ne-labyrinth mweya, futhi ngenxa yalokho iyaphila emanzini anokuqukethwe komoya ophefumulwayo. Ukuhlala ekhaya ngethoni eyanele yethangi, akudingi ukuphefumula okwengeziwe.
Abantu abadala bakhula bafinyelele ku-10 cm, abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa, ngakho-ke amasentimitha ayi-8 umkhawulo wabo. Isikhathi sokuphila esisekelweni esisekelwayo nokunakekelwa okufanele kufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-8.
Inhlanzi ingumuntu munye, ayibekezeleli indawo yabantu abobulili bayo. Ixhumana nohlobo lwayo kuphela ngenkathi kusatshalaliswa. Isikhathi esisele sonke uhlala endaweni yokukhosela ngaphansi kwe-snag noma i-grotto yemvelo, ukubhukuda kuphela ngokuzingela inyamazane ebukhoma. Ngomusa ugada ikhaya lakhe.
IsiShayina
Igama lesibili: isiyingi. Ekudingisweni uhlala iminyaka emine kuphela. Ebusika, ama-macropods angamaShayina adinga ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngama-degrees ayi-10-15. Kuncike kwi-microbacteriosis (isifo sofuba sezinhlanzi). Akuvamile phakathi kwama-Russian wararists. Nge-macropod yakudala inika inzalo eningi engenanzalo ngombala ongafani nalutho.
IMacropod yinhlanzi efanele i-aquarium encane. Hardy, okwazi ukuhlala ezimeni ezinzima ngokweqile.
IMacropodus opercularis
Ihlukaniswe yaba yizingcingo eziningana:
Okwakudala | Umzimba wekhofi emgqeni ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokushelela uphenduka ngokushelelayo ube umsila oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikhanda nesisu kukhanya okwesibhakabhaka. |
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Umzimba olukhanyayo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikhanda elinsomi kanye nangemuva. |
Albino | Ohlangothini oluMhlophe kunemivimbo ye-orange, amehlo abomvu, amaphiko apinki. |
Ubomvu bushelelezi | Ikhanda liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umzimba umdaka, imivimbo ingekho, zonke izinkozo zibomvu, ngaphandle kwalapho okubonakala khona, azinombala. |
iwolintshi | Umbala uhambelana negama. |
Kubomvu okwenziwe isipele
Inokuziphatha okubonakalayo. Umbala oyinhloko wale nhlanzi yisiliva, enezinto zokukhanya ezikhethekile ezinombala obomvu nge-emerald halftones. Imiphetho yamaphiko esibhakabhaka-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ichazwe kumhlophe ogcwele. Ngale ndlela, kunzima ukwahlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa; cishe ziyefana ngombala nosayizi.
Umehluko kuphela ubukhazikhazi bama-pectoral fins kanye nomsila wesilisa.
Izisekelo ze-Aquarium
Izinhlanzi zasePharadesi zilukhuni futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlala ezimweni eziphikisayo kakhulu - ngamathangi amancane ane-aeration engenamandla nokugxuma ngezikhathi ezithile emazingeni okushisa.
Umthamo ongaphezu kwamalitha angama-20 ukuvumela ukuthi uqukethe i-Macropod eyodwa. Qiniseka ukuthi ufake isivalo, isilwane sithanda ukuphuma emanzini. Kwakhelwe indawo yokuhlala ehlukile yomuntu ngamunye ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka komunye nomunye ukuze kungabandakanywa umzabalazo wensimu.
Izinkomba zekhwalithi yamanzi elandelayo ziyamukeleka:
Umswakama | ||
5-19 ° dH | I-6-8 pH | + 16 ... + 26 ° С |
Kulesi zinhlobo, okwamanje akufanele kube namandla, ungakususa ngokuphelele, ngoba imizimba yamanzi eyindawo yezinhlanzi zemvelo. Ukufakwa komhlaba kwenziwa ngenani lama-25% wevolumu ephelele hhayi ngaphezulu kwesonto.
I-algae ku-aquarium ingaba yinoma yini. Bancamela imifino enezimpande ezithuthukisiwe nezinwabuzelayo emanzini. Okwesibili, ukuncipha okujwayelekile kuyadingeka ukuze izinhlanzi zikwazi ukuphefumula umoya, lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngamathangi ngaphandle kokuxhaswa okwengeziwe.
Inhlabathi emnyama iyaphoqelela ama-Macropods, ayizikhathazi izilwanyana ezifuywayo ezivele zingaxazululeki futhi ngokumelene nalesi sizinda zibukeka zibukeka kakhulu. Akufanele ukhethe amatshe wokufakelwa nowemibala ukuze ungafaki ukungcoliswa koketshezi ngobuthi nangodayi. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza phansi njalo nge-siphon ngaphambi koshintsho, okungukuthi, kanye ngesonto.
Imishini ye-Aquarium ingaba buthakathaka. Ukuhlunga kwanele ngezinga elincane. I-Aeration ne-heater ayikwazi ukufakwa, kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela uma ngabe amaMacropods kuphela ehlala endaweni yokugcina impahla.
Ukukhetha amadivaysi okukhanyisa, aqondiswa imifino, izinhlanzi azidingi kukhanya. Kungcono ukunikeza ukukhetha ngokukhanyiswa okuthambile okuthambile, ebusuku kuphoqelekile ukucisha isibani sasemuva. Gwema ukuboniswa ukukhanya kwelanga ezindongeni zethangi.
Ukuvumelana
Ukuhlanganisa izinhlanzi zasePharadesi nezinye izinhlobo akuwona umsebenzi olula ngenxa yesimo sazo esinolaka nezimo ezithile. Akuwona wonke umakhelwane okwazi ukubekezelela izimfanelo ezinjalo zemvelo.
Ezimweni zokukhulisa umuntu ngokuzayo, akusekho ukwengeza ezinye izinhlanzi. Noma yisiphi isilwane esitshalwe ethangini sizokonakala ngezinga elikhulu noma sibhujiswe.
Ukuze ujwayele iMacropod komakhelwane bayo, kuyadingeka ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo ezingalingana nazo kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abambozwe ngeveli kanye namavila ngokuyisisekelo abakulungele ukuhlanganiswa.Noma unalezi zimo, akunasiqiniseko sokuthi isilwane sizokwamukela abantu abahlala nabo.
Uma kwenzeka kwehlukaniswa nelilodwa lamalungu omphakathi, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi ukubuyisele emuva. Noma yiziphi izinhlobo ezixoshwe okwesikhashana zizobonwa lapho kubuywa njengokungena kwesitha endaweni.
Ama-Barbs | IGoldfish (kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinjani izinhlobo) |
UDanio (izinhlobo ezinkulu) | I-Sumatran barbus |
IsiTetra | I-Angelfish |
Ama-Ancistruses | I-Mollinesia |
I-Synodontis | Guppy |
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zothando | Izinhlobo ezincane, gazinga |
Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuhlanganisa abesilisa abangu-2 echibini elilodwa. Umbhangqwana kuphela, udala izindawo zokuhlala zensikazi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukondla
I-Macropod yokuphamba ayikhethi ekudleni. Ukwanda kokudla, kusetshenziswa okuphakelayo okwomile, oku bukhoma nokuqandisiwe.
Kulesi zinhlobo, ukuba khona kwe-carotene ekudleni kubalulekile, ukuntuleka kwalolutho kuholela ekuphepheni kombala.
Ukudla Okunconyiwe:
Uyaphila | ||
I-Tetra rubin | Igazi | Iziqalo |
ISera san | Coretra | Daphnia |
Umiyane omnyama (izibungu) | ||
Igazi | ||
Coretra | ||
Moina | ||
Shrimp |
Yonke le mikhiqizo ingahlanganiswa noma ithathelwe indawo.
Ukuzala
Ukufuya izinhlanzi zasePharadesi kungabizwa ngokuthi kulula uma kungengenxa yolaka lwamaduna kubantu besifazane ngenkathi kwakhiwa isidleke. Ukulungiselela ukusatshalaliswa kufanele kube ngokuphelele; kuzodingeka ithangi elihlukile elinemibandela ekhethekile.
Ukuqala inqubo, amanzi asemanzini asisekelo nasesekondari aholela ezinkombeni ezilandelayo:
Umswakama | ||
5-19 ° dH | 6 pH | + 26 ... + 29 ° С |
Izilwane ezifuywayo zidluliselwa kokudla okuthuthukisiwe kwamaprotheni kusetshenziswa okuphilayo okwenziwe bukhoma nokubandayo. Izinga le-liquid lehliselwa kuma-cm angama-20. Ngokushesha, insikazi iqala ukuthola isisindo, bese owesilisa eqala ukwakha isidleke. Okwamanje, kungcono ukubeka umama okhulelwe endaweni kuze kube yilapho amalungiselelo eseqedile.
Ukunganakwa kwesincomo kungaholela ekufeni kowesifazane.
Ngemuva kokuba indlu isilungile, izinhlanzi zihlanganiswa futhi. Owesilisa ushaya insikazi ngamaphiko, immemele endaweni yokukhosela. Ngesinye isikhathi, le nhlanzi iyakwazi ukukhipha amaqanda afinyelela kuma-500, ayobe esevundiswa. Inzalo yesikhathi esizayo ayinasisindo kangangokuba ifinyelela phezulu. Ubaba okhathalelayo uyayiqoqa futhi ayifihle esidlekeni, ayigade ngentshiseko kuze kube yilapho kuvela ifry. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngemuva kokuhluma. Indlu, ebinamaqanda, iyazilimaza, sekuyisikhathi sokususa owesilisa endaweni eyi-aquarium ejwayelekile. Lapho nje izingane ziqala ukubhukuda, ubaba uphenduka inyamazane enamandla ebulala inzalo yakhe.
Fry inikezwa nge-micro-feed ekhethekile, i-artemia.
Izifo Nokuvimbela
Izimo zokuphila kweMacropod emvelweni zimbi kakhulu kangangokuba amasosha abo omzimba akwazi ukunqoba noma yisiphi isifo. Izinkinga zingenzeka kuphela kubantu ababuthakathaka ngokulungiswa okungafanele nokunakekelwa okungekuhle.
Kufanelekile ukunaka isilwane uma sicasha ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile, sibhukuda kancane. Amaphiko akhathazekile, ashutheka kwesobunxele nangakwesokunxele, amatshe aqalaza ayaqapha. Izimpawu eziyingozi kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso sokudla kanye ne-pallor yombala.
Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu ogulayo ulethwa e-aquarium, ethelela okunye, ngakho-ke i-lymphocytosis iyadluliselwa. I-crustacean parasite ekhipha lesi sifo ibangela ukuvela kwamaqhubu emzimbeni wonke. Ekuqaleni, mncane, kepha akhula ngejubane elikhulu futhi kancane kancane amboze wonke umzimba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhula kwamakhanda kuqhuma, futhi amanxeba ayaphola.
Isifo esingajwayelekile sezinhlanzi zasePharadesi - ukubola kwe-fin, kwenzeka ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele kanye nokushisa kwamanzi okuphansi. Kuqala ngokunciphisa futhi kusonteke kwe-Fin bese kuholela ekubhujisweni kwabo okuphelele.
Isifo esijwayelekile seMacropod yi-microbacteriosis. Uziveza ngokulimala kwesikhumba nezikali. Izindawo zokutheleleka ziphenduka zibe bomvu futhi zikhanyiswe, amabala amnyama avela emzimbeni wonke. Uma kukhona izinsolo zokuthi isilwane siyagula, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela onguchthy. Udokotela kuphela ongakwazi ukuxilonga futhi akhethe umuthi ofanele wokwelashwa.
Iwolintshi
Ukubhalwa okuhle kodwa, kuyivelakancane kakhulu. Isidumbu esikhulu uphuzi-owolintshi, namachaphaza afanayo, kepha anesiqu esilinganayo,
IMacropod yinhlanzi ethakazelisa kakhulu eyohlobisa noma iyiphi i-aquarium. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokuboshwa, izoba nombala ogqamile, futhi kuzoba mnandi ukuyigcina. Inqubo yokuzalanisa iyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi, ngoba ngenxa yalokho ungathola inzalo ekhangayo kakhulu futhi engajwayelekile.
Isebenziseke kangakanani le ndatshana?
Isilinganiso esimaphakathi 5 / 5. Amavoti wokubala: 6
Akukho mavoti okwamanje. Iba ngowokuqala!
Siyaxolisa ukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe akubanga nalusizo kuwe!
Habitat
Emvelweni, inhlanzi enemibala epharadesi itholakala ezindaweni zokugcina ezincane, emifudlaneni enegesi esibuthakathaka, emasimini elayisi agcwele umswakama. Izindawo zeMacropod: Japan, eCambodia, Korea, Laos, China, Southeast Asia. IMacropod ayesabi isilinganiso esilinganiselwe se-oxygen, ngoba inesitho esiyingqayizivele se-labyrinth esikuvumela ukuba uphefumule umoya-mpilo womoya.
IMacropodus opercularis yigama elisemthethweni lesakhamuzi sasePharadesi esihlala emanzini, esachazwa ngokuningiliziwe nguKarl Linney ngo-1758. Kusukela lapho, le nhlanzi ithole ukuthandwa okumangazayo ebumnyameni beYurophu futhi ibilokhu inabantu cishe kuyo yonke indlu lapho kwakukhona khona isiqeshana samanzi. Liphansi futhi liphansi ebuhleni balo nasekukhuleni kwalo kuphela ku-“goldfish” njengamanje. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zifake isandla ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwezindawo zasemanzini emhlabeni jikelele.
Njengamanje, iMacropodus isithandwa kakhulu, kepha basahlobisa imibala yabo emnandi ngamathangi amanzi, ngokufudumala okuvela phakathi kotshani be-algae naphansi kwamanzi.
Incazelo yangaphandle
Ubude bomzimba wesilisa bufinyelela ku-10 cm, kepha izinsikazi azikhuli ngaphezu kwama-8 cm. Umzimba ngokwawo uvele kancane, unamathele ezinhlangothini, ubude bawo bube ubude. Kukhona izikhombisi emaphethelweni, amaphiko amakhulu, umsila ongajwayelekile. Ngokuqondene namaphiko akhona esiswini, wona, njengamanye amalebhu, afana nezintuthwane.
Imibala yakudala: umzimba we-hue oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umbozwe ngemicu emide ebanzi ngombala okhanyayo obomvu, udlula emafini. Isici esikhethekile esithombeni sonke ngunina we-pearl shimmer, odlala ngokugqamile ekukhanyeni. Eminye imibala ayikhangi kangako. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile siyiminyaka engama-6-8.
Isici esinqayizivele sabantu besifazane ukugcwala komzimba, izinduna ezifinqiwe kanye nombala obuthuntu ngakumbi.
Izinhlobo eziphambili
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala yi-Macropodus opercularis classic. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yiChina. Kuyisiko ukugqamisa umehluko wemibala eminingana:
- oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ithoni enkulu yomzimba, imivimbo ebubende ibonakala ekhanda nasemhlane,
- I-classic version imelelwa yisigaxa esinsundu, isisu nekhanda kupendwe ngokuchichima okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izingxenye eziseceleni zihlukaniswa ngama-green green-blue, amabala abomvu,
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ithoni eyisisekelo yombala we-macropod eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-macropod ebunjiwe ebomvu, noma iMacropodus erythropterus, yinhle kakhulu; incazelo yayo yaqala ukwenziwa ngonyaka we-2002. Ingxenye eyinhloko yomzimba enamaphiko ibomvu nge-tint yesilivere ethambile. Ekukhanyiseni okuthambile, okuvelele kwe-emerald kuyabonakala. Indawo yomsila ne-fin ine-hue ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enomugqa omuhle omhlophe. Ukuqina kombala kulezinhlobo zezinhlanzi kuyafana kwabesilisa nabesilisa. Lezi zokugcina zinamaphiko amakhulu futhi amahle kakhulu.
AmaMacropod ayizinhlanzi ezidla inyama, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba akhethe omakhelwane abalungile.
IMacropodus spechti ne-concolor noma ama-macropods amnyama zachazwa okokuqala emuva ngo-1936. Ekuhlaleni ukuthula okuphelele, inhlanzi ipendiwe ngombala onsundu noma onsomi. Kepha ngentokozo engatheni, umbala ongaphandle ushintsha ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. La manzi enziwe ngamathoni abomvu, apinki, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izici ezihlukile zalo mmeleli we-aquarium ziyanda ngokuthula, usayizi omkhulu, ukukhetha kwamanzi afudumele.
IMacropodus chinensis (isiShayina, eyindilinga-e-tailing) ihlala kuze kube yiminyaka emi-4, iyivelakancane kakhulu kuma-olwandle ase-Russia. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo - China, iTaiwan, Korea. Isici sokuqukethwe kwezinhlanzi ezinjalo ukuncipha kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi ngesikhathi sasebusika kuya kuma-degree angu-15, uma kungenjalo ukwenziwa kabusha kwabantu kuyaphela. Lama-labyrinths athambekele ekuthelelekeni njalo nge-mycobacteriosis.
Imithetho yokuhambisana
Ukuhlala ngempumelelo kwezinhlanzi zepharadesi e-aquarium yasekhaya kungenzeka ngokukhethwa okufanele komakhelwane kubo. Ngokuhambisana kwama-macropods nezinye izinhlanzi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zingamadoda anolaka futhi asebenzayo. Uma "amadoda amahle" epharadesi ekhulele esitsheni esihlukile futhi engakaze axhumane nohlobo lwawo, azikho izinketho zendawo ephephile.
Lapho ama-macropod akhula ngokubambisana nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezilingana ngosayizi kuzo, awunawo amaveli futhi aqhelelene kakhulu, ngesilinganiso esiphakeme samathuba okuhlala ngokuhlanganyela e-aquarium kuvumelekile. Uma, ngasizathu simbe, umuntu ohlukile esusiwe kumthamo ophelele, impi ingahle yenzeke ekubuyiselweni kwayo, ngoba izikhulu zizoyibona njengomfokazi.
Uma ama-macropods kungukuphela kwezakhamizi ze-aquarium, khona-ke ukutshala ezinye izinhlanzi ngokuzayo akukufanele.
Ukuhambelana kwe-Optimum - nabaqashi bamanzi abahluke ngokuhlukile ekubukekeni, lokhu kungenzeka:
Akwamukeleki ukuhlala emanzini afanayo nezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- guppies
- amasaka
- Amabha weSumatran
- ezinye izinhlanzi ezincane.
Okuqukethwe amadoda amabili ama-macropods awemukeleki endaweni eyodwa; ahlela izimpi ezibulalayo. Ngokwehlukana, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nomusi, kepha kulokhu, kunconyelwa insikazi ukuthi yakhe izindawo zokukhosela eziningi nezindawo zokucasha.
Konke okufihliwe kokuqukethwe
Izinhlanzi eziyipharadesi ezinemibala azifunwa kakhulu endaweni yasekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kwe-aquarium okungathembekile kuzobashintsha babe izidalwa ezingenakusebenza nezididayo. Ekuthuthukisweni okuhle nokuba khona kwama-macropods izimo ezinethezekile kufanele zakhiwe:
- Umthamo omncane wethangi lamanzi wabantu abadala ababili kufanele okungenani ube amalitha angama-20, inketho engcono kakhulu ngamalitha angama-40. Izikejana ezincane zingasetshenziswa njengekhaya eliphelele lama-chordates. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uthembele eqinisweni lokuthi abesilisa nabesilisa abadala bazofika osayizi abajwayelekile. Isembozo esingaphezulu noma ingilazi akufanele ibe iqine kakhulu, ngoba imidumba yamacro macro ivame ukuphefumula umoya ebusweni. Ibanga elifanele ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi ukuya kwisembozo lingu-5 cm.
- Indawo enamanzi ifudumala ifinyelela kuma-20−25 degrees, i-acidity yayo isuka ku-6.5 iye ku-8. Amanzi ezinhlanzi zasepharadesi ezihlala ngaphandle komakhelwane azidingi filtration, aeration. Kepha uma ukuhlunga kufakiwe, ukugeleza okunamandla akubekeki. Kunconywa ukwenza ushintsho lwama-20% kanye ngesonto.
Amanzi ama-macropods kufanele afudunyezwe kumadigri angama-20−25.
Izeluleko Zokusebenzisa Okuwusizo
Ama-Macropods ahlala ezimweni zemvelo awamangalisa. Kepha ukuthandwa kunikezwa ekudla kwezilwane. Ngokuqondene nezimo zasekhaya, Ukudla kwezinhlanzi kufanele kube nezinto ezilandelayo:
- i-coretre, umenzi wamapayipi, i-bloodworm bukhoma,
- Ukudla okomile ngesimo sama granes, ama-flakes, ukugcina umbala ogqamile wezilwane ezifuywayo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa izinto ezenziwe ngomumo ezisuselwa ku-carotene,
- izibungu zamanzi, igazi, umiyane omnyama, isiphandla, izimayini ezifriziwe, izimfanzi ezihlotshiswe ukufudumeza izinga lokushisa kwendawo ngaphambi kokudla,
- ngezikhathi ezithile, ukudla kwasolwandle okwenziwe ekhaya kungeniswa ekudleni.
Ukondla akwenziwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwezi-2 phakathi nosuku futhi ezingxenyeni ezincane, ngakho-ke ukudla ngokweqile kwezilwane ezifuywayo kuyavinjwa.
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini zasePharadesi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi zihlelekile. Uyithatha ngenhliziyo yonke i-hydra, i-planaria, ibhekana kalula neminenke ekhiqiza ngokungalawuleki. Ama-crustaceans nawo ayadliwa, ngakho-ke ukuhlangana nge-shrimp kuzoholela ekufeni kwalaba bantu.
Izimo ezithandekayo zokuzalela
Ama-chordates avuthiwe ngokugcwele ukukhiqiza inzalo ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-6-8. Kunconywa ukuthola usayizi omncane onwebayo, amalitha ayi-10 azokwanela. Ithangi elinjalo lifakwe ngokufana ne-aquarium enkulu. Isimo esibalulekile ukuhlinzekwa kwe-aeration ngama-bubble amancane. Iqiniso ngukuthi ezilwaneni ezincane ezivelayo, isitho se-labyrinth sakhiwa ngokuphelele ekupheleni kwesonto lesibili lokuphila, badinga umoya-mpilo owanele.
Ukuzalaniswa kweMacropod kufaka ukugcinwa okuhlukile kwabantu abathandanayo ngaphambi kokudlulela ezizweni ezinwebekayo. Owesilisa ohlezi ngosuku lokuqala enesizungu sokuziqhenya ngowokuqala ukuhlala phansi. Ngemuva kwalokhu kulandelwa ushintsho lwamanzi u-1/5 wevolumu ephelele.
Ngaphambi kokusabalalisa ama-macropods amakhulu, kufanele kutshalwe izithombo.
Ngokulandelayo, insikazi ihlala esitsheni esinokushisa kwama-25- 29 degrees. Lesi isibonakaliso kowesilisa, esiqala ngokwakha ngenkuthalo isidleke kusuka ezitshalweni ezikhona. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, indawo yokuphonsa isilungile. Owesilisa ushayela insikazi iye endaweni yokuhlwayeka. Usonga ngenkani esiswini sakhe, asicindezele futhi asize ukushiya ithole. Imvamisa wenza izindlela eziningana. Amabele ahlukaniswa ngombala ophuzi onesici, inani lifinyelela kuma-1000 pcs. Iduna lidonsela umngane walo kude nesidleke, liqoqe amaqanda ahlakazekile.
Okwamanje, insikazi iyazinza, ngoba ngesikhathi sokulwa ingaba nokukhubazeka kakhulu.
Kwinzalo yesikhathi esizayo ubaba ukhathalela kuphela. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, kuvela izibungu, okuthi, ngisho nangemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, zikulungele ngokuphelele ukubhukuda nokuzimela okuzimele. Isikhathi esikahle kunazo zonke sokufika kowesilisa kufanele sifakwe, okuthi, ukuqoqa inzalo esidlekeni, kungakhipha i-fry. Ukudla okungcono kakhulu kwesizukulwane esisha ama-microworms, ama-ciliates, ukushintshana nge-isikhupha seqanda.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, ukukhula okuncane kuyahlungwa. Izinhlanzi ezikhethiwe, ezibonakaliswa umbala ogqamile, onesimo esihle semali.
Ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi zepharadesi kuzophumelela kuphela uma izimo ezinhle zenzelwe ukwenaba kanye nokuthosa izinhlanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abantu ngabanye bazovela abangahlangene nhlobo nezinhlanzi ezikhanyayo ezixazululwe ezindaweni zasemanzini.
Ukuvumelana, ukugcinwa kwama-macropods nokuwanakekela kungumcimbi ofanele futhi odinga ukubekezela nesikhathi. Umphumela uzoba ukubakhona kwe-aquarium yasekhaya yezinhlanzi ezinhle zasepharadesi ezinhle futhi ezimangalisa kakhulu ezingadala izingqondo zasendaweni ezishisayo ezingacabangi.
Amapharamitha wamanzi
Ukushisa | 16-26 degrees |
Umswakama | 6–8 |
Ukuqina | 5-19 dGh |
Ukuhamba kwamanzi | obuthakathaka noma ongekho |
Shintsha u-20-25% we-fluid masonto onke. Ungavumeli izinhlanzi ukuba zihlale emanzini angaphazamisekile. Bheka ukwakheka kwamanzi okuyi-hydrochemical.
Izitshalo
Beka ezintantayo nezitshalo ngohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande:
- uphondo
- dengwe,
- jaanese moss
- isibhamu
- salvia
- i-echinodorus,
- I-Wallisneria
- i-cryptocoryne.
Izitshalo ezintantayo phezu kwamanzi akufanele zivimbele ukufinyeleleka komoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke izikhathi ezithile ziyancipha imifino.
Isibani
Khetha ukukhanyisa, ugxile kwesidingo sezitshalo ze-aquarium. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuyinto engathandeki. Cisha isibani ebusuku, ukukhanya kwemini akufanele kube ngaphezulu kwamahora ayi-12. Ungavumeli ukukhanya kwelanga kungene ezindongeni zethangi. Qiniseka ukuthi amalambu awashisi amanzi amaningi. Khumbula ukuthi ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kwamalambu e-incandescent.
Ukuzala
Izinhlanzi ze-Maze kulula ukuzalanisa e-aquarium. Lungiselela indawo evulekile:
- Phakamisa izinga lokushisa libe ngama-26- 28 degrees. Ushintsho lokushisa kufanele luhambe kahle.
- Qinisa amanzi ukuze i-pH iguqulwe ibe ngu-6. Lokhu kungenziwa ngamakhemikhali, ama-chip zemabula, noma i-peat.
- Setha izinga lamanzi libe ngu-20 cm.
- Beka izindawo zokukhosela ezengeziwe zowesifazane kulezo zinkundla ezivuzayo: izihlahla zezitshalo noma izindawo ezihlala kuzo. Ukuqalwa kwe-Macropod kuhamba kangcono ngezitshalo ezintantayo, ngakho-ke kulula ngelebhu ukwakha isidleke.
Ngaphambi kokuzalela, nikeza ama-macropods ngokudla kwenyama. Khumbula ukuthi abesilisa baba nolaka olukhulu lubhekise kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Ukwehlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- umzimba wesilisa umude ngamasentimitha ambalwa nesimbilikhi,
- umbala ucebe kakhulu kunowowesifazane,
- amaphiko mide futhi akhombe, kwabesifazane kuyindilinga futhi kufinyeziwe.
Ukusakaza
Owesilisa wakha isidleke kusuka kumabhamuza omoya futhi anikeze izinhlayiya zezitshalo ebusweni bamanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, tshala izinsikazi, ngoba owesilisa angazikhuba. Ekupheleni kokwakha isidleke esidabukelayo, buyisela izinsikazi e-aquarium ukuze zikhukhulele amaqanda. Owesilisa uzoqoqa amaqanda esidlekeni futhi anakekele inzalo kuze kube yilapho iqhuma.
Izinsikazi zingcono ukutshala futhi. Owesifazane oyedwa ukhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela ku-500. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezingama-3-5. Imvelo yomzali ishiya owesilisa ngemuva kokubopha uFry. Ukuze ulondoloze inzalo, beka abazali bese uthosa emathangini ahlukahlukene. Yondla abancane:
- nauplii artemia,
- ciliates
- microworm
- i-yolk yeqanda ebilisiwe
Ukubuyekezwa
Abaqalayo bamanzi asemanzini, kanye nama-amateurs baqala le nhlanzi ngokwabo. Umhlali wase-aquarium kuyajabulisa ukubona ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Amasampula anombala ophinyiselwe ngaphansi atholakala ngokuthengiswa, okuwumphumela wokuwela kwabamele abezinhlobo ezahlukene.
IMacropod, ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwayo, ayitholakali ngokuthengiswa. Intengo incike ngosayizi.
Ubukhulu cm | Intengo, hlikihla |
kuze kube 3 | 95 |
3–5 | 140 |
5–6 | 195 |
6–7 | 240 |
Okutholakele
Ngokuqukethwe okufanele, gcina imithetho:
- Ungavumeli ukushintshwa kwamavolumu amakhulu amanzi. Izinguquko esimweni semanzini kufanele zenzeke kahle.
- Shintsha inhlanzi esanda kutholwa ngokubeka isikhwama sokuthumela e-aquarium ngamanzi isigamu sehora. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphela, engeza amanzi amancane e-aquarium esikhwameni senhlanzi, ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15 engeza uketshezi oluningi. Ngaphambi kokuhambisa inhlanzi e-aquarium, yenza okungenani ama-refill okungenani amathathu.
- Lapho uthenga okuphakelayo, bukeza usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi. Ungathathi okuphakelayo ngesisindo.
- Uma inhlanzi iphuma emanzini, yibeke esitsheni esihlukile namanzi avela e-aquarium ejwayelekile. Ungasiphazamisi isilwane.
- Uma isihlungi sakha manje amandla aqinile, beka umshini ngemuva kwe-aquarium, ukhombe ishubhu ekhoneni.
IMacropod iyikhandidethi elihle lendima yezinhlanzi zokuqala zase-aquarium, uma unaka izici zesakhiwo nomoya ophakeme. Izinhlanzi ezi-labyrinth zizothethelela amaphutha abaqalayo bamanzi asolwandle, zisinde ngokulondolozwa okungajwayelekile kwe-aquarium. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi izinhlanzi ziyizidalwa eziphilayo ezidinga ukunakekelwa nokuzibophezela.