Izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke - ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-22 cm, bunesisindo esifinyelela kuma-60 g. Kubukeka njengebhimbo lezingoma, kepha luhluke ngalo nge "eyebrow" emhlophe ebanzi kanye nezinhlangothi ezibomvu. I-plumage i-brownish-green ngemuva futhi inezindawo ezinomnqumo onsundu phansi. Izinhlangothi zesifuba nezimpaphe ezingaphansi zesembozo sephiko zibomvu ngokubomvu.
I-Whitebrowd thrush ithanda izindawo ezigqamile, lapho kunenqwaba yezihlahla namachibi, kuhlala amahlathi amancane e-birch, lapho kukhona khona ihlumela elincane le-spruce. Ngokwengxenye yaba inyoni yezingadi namapaki. Gwema ama-spruce amnyama noma amahlathi kaphayini.
Umfuduki. Imibhangqwana igcwala ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu. Isidleke siphansi esihlahleni futhi sakha isitsha esiqinile semicircular. Ngaphansi nangaphakathi ifakwe usimende ngokuqinile ngumhlaba nodaka. Ku-clutch kuze kufike kumaqanda ayi-7 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anama-amabala amancane abomvu ansundu.
Ukudla - izibungu, izinambuzane, amajikijolo. Izikelemu zomhlaba ezondla amantshontsho zilethwa ngemilomo yazo hhayi ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa ngesixha sonke, esizinza esidlekeni, bese zisatshalaliswa phakathi kwamachwane.
Ukubukeka
Ikhadi elivakashelayo le-thrush ebovu obomvu, imicu ekhanyayo etholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda ngaphezu kwamehlo, efana namashiya uma ubheka iphrofayili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amapheya omnqumo ansundu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aqhathaniswa nephansi lokukhanya entweni emnyama.
Ngaphansi kwezembozo zephiko nesifuba ezinhlangothini kukhona ansundu noma abomvu. Abesifazane baguqulwe kakhulu kunabesilisa, okuvame ukuba nzima ukubona.. Uqhwaku luncane ngosayizi, wakhonjwa. Ama-paws mancane futhi ngosayizi, amnyama ngombala, anezici ezincane ezibukhali. Izimpiko zincanyana, zikhonjwe ekugcineni, zifinyelela ku-35 cm ubukhulu.Belobrovik yiyona nto encane kunazo zonke: ubude bayo bomzimba buqala ku-15 cm kuya ku-23 cm, futhi isisindo sisuka ku-45 g. kufika ku-60 gr.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Lezi zinyoni zihamba kakhulu futhi ziyafuna ukwazi. Zindiza kancane futhi zinomusa, zinamaphiko ezihlala zindiza. Emhlabathini ahamba ngezinyathelo noma agxume, ahambe uma kwenzeka ingozi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokudlela izidleke, aqaphela ngokweqile. Babopha amakhaya abo esisekelweni esiqinile sezinqu, iziqu zezihlahla zezihlahla, njll. Imvamisa isidleke singabonakala emahlathini amahlahla noma otshanini obukhulu khona emhlabathini. Ngokulula, lezi zinyoni zingathuthukisa izindawo ezintsha, kepha, ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, lo mbhangqwana ugcina isidleke sawo, undiza kuphela endaweni yokunisela.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokudlekwa, fudukela emahlathini uyofuna ukudla. Zindiza ngemihlambi emincane noma zodwa, noma kunjalo, sezithole ukudla, ngokukhala ngokungakholi zingaheha inani elanele labanye abantu bezizwe abaphila umhlambi endaweni yokudla. Ukudla kufunwa kakhulu emhlabathini: ngaphansi kwamahlamvu ama-moss noma amahlamvu owomile. I-Belobrovik akuyona eyezinyoni ezisebusika, yize ingesabi isimo sezulu esibandayo - iyabhabha ekwindla sekwephuzile, uma isisekelo sokudla sikuvumela ukuba kuhlale isikhathi eside, esikhathini esiningi indiza ihamba iye emhlanjini omkhulu noma ijoyine imihlambi yezinye izinhlobo zokuphithizela.
Abesilisa abasebasha baqala ukwenza imizamo yabo yokuqala yokwazi inqubo yokucula beseneminyaka emibili nesigamu, benza ngasikhathi sinye imisindo ethandekayo, kuze kube manje okufana nezingoma ezimnandi zabantu abadala. Ama-browbrowers abamba amakhonsathi awo wangempela eduze esidlekeni phakathi nenkathi yokuzala futhi aze afike maphakathi nehlobo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube sekwindla, okuyinto engajwayelekile kakhulu. Ingoma inezingxenye ezimbili: iqala ngokukhala okuhle okuzwakalayo kusuka ekhonweni elihlukene, kufakwe kumanothi aphezulu kuya kophansi, bese kulandela imisindo ehlukahlukene yomsindo ohlukahlukene. Ukuze abulawe, owesilisa ugibela esiqongweni somuthi. Ukukhala okuthusayo kungafakazela ukusondela kwengozi, ne-chime kokuphakelayo okutholakele.
Ade kangakanani ama-browbrowers?
Ukuqashelwa kwaziwa ngempilo yokuzibhubhisa ezimweni zemvelo - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10 nasekuthunjweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.. Kodwa-ke, ngokufanele, ngokuwina ngokulandela impilo "yomculi" ophoqiwe, umbuzo uphakama kwekhwalithi nokushiswa yempilo enjalo. Kungcono ukuthi unikeze ithuba lokuthi lezi zinyoni zihlale zodwa endaweni yazo yemvelo, ziziphilele, zigcwele konke ukukhathazeka kwezinyoni nenjabulo, impilo emfishane, futhi zilalele ukucula kwakhe ngezikhathi zokuxhumana nemvelo, kuye kuye, futhi kungathathi iqhaza lakhe njengesidalwa esiphilayo emhlabeni oyipharadesi.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
I-Belobrovik ihlala ixubile noma i-deciduous, ikakhulukazi ama-birch, amahlathi ase-Europe nase-Asiya, ikhetha umakhelwane ngemiphetho evulekile, imidwebo. Inokuzinza emapaki amadolobha nasezigcawini, izindawo zamasiko zasemakhaya, emahlathini amancane, emabhande amahlathi. Eduze kwakho udinga ichibi. Akawathandi amahlathi amnyama ama-coniffort. Ebusika indizela eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeYurophu, e-Asia Minor kanye nasenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Ukudla kweBrowbrower
I-Belobrovik ithola ukudla okuyinhloko emhlabeni: izibungu, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane, namantshontsho nawo ayadliwa. I-beaver thrush iyinambuzane yezilokazane ezinambuzane: akugcini nje ngokuhlwitha esihlahleni, kodwa futhi iphila ngaphansi kwamagxolo, kanye neziqu, izibungu, izibungu nezinye izinambuzane ezifisa ukudla esihlahleni, kungaba ukudla kwe-whitebrow thrush. Inyoni elambile nayo izodonsa okunye ukudla kwamaprotheni: amabhungane, izicabucabu, ama-butterflies, izimvemvane, izikelemu ezahlukahlukene, ama-slugs, kanye nemifino: imbewu, amahlumela, izihlahla zezihlahla. Amajikijolo alezi zinyoni amnandi - ayakujabulela ukudla zombili imbewu ne-pulp. Okokuqala badla ama-sitrobheli, ama-blueberries, ama-raspberries kanye nama-lingonberry, ama-currant, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho - ama-blueberries, ama-Cloudberry, nasezivandeni - ama-cherries, plums, gooseberries.
Izitha zemvelo
Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ezinhlotsheni zidalwa izilwane nezinyoni ezizingela amaqanda namachwane ezinkukhu ezimhlophe ezinamaqabunga: ama-squirrels, ama-martens, ama-jay, amaqhude, ama-Woodpeckers, njll. Izimpungushe nezinye izinyamazane zibeka engcupheni abantu abadala imbala, yize zinganqikazi esidlekeni.
Kubalulekile! Ikakhulu amaqanda amaningi afa ngesikhathi sokudalwa kokuqala, lapho amahlamvu ebambezeleka ngokujika.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, izidleke azifihleki eqabungeni futhi zisebenza njengezisulu ezilula zabahlaseli abangamahlaya nabanamahloni.. Ama-Whitebrowers ahlala eduze kwekhaya lomuntu angacasulwa yizilwane ezifuywayo ezonakalisa izidleke zomhlaba noma amakati noma izinja ezifanayo, ukuzicekela phansi noma ukubeka usongo ngqo kwizinyoni nam amaphuphu azo.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Isidlakela esinsundu siqala ukudlekwa entwasahlobo, ngo-masse: ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Iziqu zendawo yokuhlala yangakusasa zingaba zombili i-hemp, nezihlahla ezincane ngisho nezihlahlana, kanti izidleke ngokwazo zitholakala endaweni ephakeme encane ngaphezu kwendawo ephansi.
Izinto zokwakha zingamahlamvu omile, izimpande, utshani namaqabunga. Clay nomhlaba kusebenza njengento yokuhlanganisa imali. Abazali besikhathi esizayo bazama ukufihla isidleke esinjengendebe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ekwakhiweni okunjalo, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda okuqala ngesonto bese iqala ukuwafukamisa nowesilisa amasonto amabili. E-clutch ama-2-6 amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anemibala ebomvana.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamachwane kuzothatha enye inkathi efanayo ukuthola amandla bese kuqala imizamo ezimele yokundiza futhi izitholele ukudla kwayo. Kepha kuze kube manje, bobabili abazali bazibophezele ekondleni nasekunakekeleni, okuqhubeka kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu esekulungele ngokuphelele ukuzimela. Emavikini amabili nesigamu, amaphuphu esidleke aqala ukushiya izidleke zawo ngenhloso yokuthola ulwazi lokuphila nokudla phansi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, zihamba ngentshiseko amabanga amade, kepha abantu abadala balungisa ukunyakaza kwabo ngemisindo yezwi. Kuzothatha ezinye izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ukuthi amaphuphu akhule futhi nabazali bawo bayeke ukubanakekela. Uma amazinyane akhula ngokushesha futhi ashiya isidleke unomphela, izintokazi zingenza enye i-clutch.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lwamakhosi amnyama, ngokwezibalo ezahlukahlukene, lusuka kwizigidi eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-50 noma ngaphezulu futhi aluyena owaba sengozini.
Kodwa-ke, eYurophu, inyoni enombala obomvu ingeyezinhlobo zezinyoni okumele zigadwe futhi zilawulwe ukusatshalaliswa kwayo ukuze zivikele futhi zivikele usongo lokwehla okukhulu kwamanani ayo.
Imigodi ye-Permian tetrapod itholakala ku-Inner Mongolia
Esifundazweni saseChina i-Inner Mongolia, kutholwe imimbila emibili evela esikhathini se-Permian. Ngokusho kwe-paleontologists endawo, abakhi balezi zindawo zokukhosela babeyizidlakudla ezinkulu impela, bephansi nje ngosayizi kumaqabunga amaqabunga. Kuthiwa izakhamizi okusolwa ukuthi zisezimbizeni ziyabikwa.
Amangqamuzana ezinzwa nawo asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunqobayo
Abaphenyi eCarnegie Mellon University bathole uhlelo olusha ngokuphelele lokuxhumana phakathi kwama-neurons nama-synapses obuchopho bomuntu. Umyalezo ngalokhu ushicilelwe kumagazini i-Current Biology. Ukuxhuma kwe-nerve ebuchosheni bomuntu Kwavela ukuthi kuneqembu lonke le-inhibitory.
Izazi zemilrobiology zibala umlando wokungazethezeki
Ucwaningo ngobudlelwano obuphakathi kwamagciwane nama-bacteriophage virus lusize ososayensi ukuthi baqonde ukuthi amasosha omzimba alula aqala kanjani. "Ukutadisha ngokucophelela izingcezu zekhodi yomunye umuntu ku-genomes of bacteria ahlukahlukene kuzosiza ekutholeni ubuthakathaka babo, ngakhoke kudale okusha.
Ifomu elijwayelekile
I-22 cm cm, isisindo akuvamile ukuthi idlule ku-60 g. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani (ompunga onsundu) emuva futhi ukhanya namabala amnyama (omnqumo-onsundu) ezansi. Izinhlangothi zesifuba nezimpaphe ezingaphansi zesembozo sephiko zibomvu ngokubomvu. Ishiya elimhlophe-eliphuzi lingaphezulu kwamehlo, yingakho igama lesiRussia lale nyoni. Owesifazane ubukeka emile kunowesilisa.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ihlala eNyakatho Yurophu nase-Asiya, izidleke enyakatho yeYurophu nase-Asia naseHimalaya, ifudukela kwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu ebusika, ziye e-Afrika.
Emuva ngekhulu le-19, iBelobrovik yayingajwayelekile kakhulu eRussia; ukuzalwa kwayo kwakungalindelekile futhi kunesivunguvungu. Icala elimangazayo ukuvela okungazelelwe kwepaki ye-Forest Institute eduze kwaseSt. Petersburg ngenani elikhulu lalezi zinyoni ngo-1901. Bahlale kule ndawo ngokushesha futhi abakaze bashiye ipaki. Kamuva, lapho ipaki ingazange ithule futhi ishiywe, ama-brow-bers aqala ukuhlala lapha minyaka yonke futhi akhiphe amachwane.
Namuhla, le nyoni itholakala kwezinye izindawo, emadolobheni ahlukahlukene aseRussia nase-USSR yangaphambili.
Umsoco
Ukudla kwama-browbrowers ikakhulukazi kuqukethe izinambuzane, iminyundu, imvemvane ehlukahlukene nezimfene. Izikelemu zomhlaba, esikhathini sokondla amachwane, ama-beavers aletha imilomo yawo hhayi eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye, kepha isixha sonke, esinyenyela esidlekeni, bese sisatshalaliswa phakathi kwamachwane. Indlela yokukhishwa kokudla kulezi zinyoni ifana kakhulu nendlela yokuculwa kwengoma kanye nensimu.
Ukusuka esidlekeni
Ngemuva kokuba amachwane ehambile esidlekeni, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 emva kokuzalwa, zihlala phansi emhlabathini. Bona, bengazi nokuthi banjani ukundiza, basebenza kakhulu futhi bahambisa amabanga amakhulu ukusuka emakhaya abo. Kodwa-ke, abalahlekelwa yilowo nalowo, ngoba bahlala bezwa izwi lomunye nomunye, futhi abazali baqondisa izenzo zezingane zabo, bakhombisa ukuthi kufanele baye kuphi. Lapho nje inkukhu yamakhosi ikwazi ukundiza, ukuhamba kwayo kukhuphuka nangaphezulu, kepha kuhamba lapho kuphela uma isengozini.
Izinsizwa ezisencane ziqala ukucula zineminyaka eyi-16 kuya kwezingu-16, kusenzima ukuzibiza ngokucula, kepha zonke lezi zinkolelo kanye neziqalo kumane nje kuyisiqalo.
Izindiza Nokuhamba
Kuyo yonke ihlobo, abafuduki ababambe izandla ngokubomvu bayathutha, besuka endaweni ethile baye kwenye, bathuthela lapho amachaphazelo eboshelwa khona, futhi ngo-Agasti-Septhemba aqala ukuba yindiza yasekwindla. Belobroviki ngenkuthalo indiza ebusuku, ilungiselela indiza. Izimpawu zokushayela zikhulu futhi zizwakala ebumnyameni phezu kwamahlathi, amapaki nangaphezulu kwedolobha. Izinyoni ziyandiza, njengomthetho, ngemihlambi emincane noma ngokwahlukana, ngenxa yezimpawu zomunye nomunye, zinquma ngokucacile izindawo ezidliwayo futhi zindizela khona lapho emihlambini emikhulu.
Ukufuduka kwe-Autumn kusabalele ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Abanye abantu sekwephuze ukuhamba ngendiza futhi bangabonakala emahlathini nasemapaki amadolobha ngisho ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Ukuhamba sekwephuzile kuhlotshaniswa nesivuno esihle somlotha wezintaba, lapho abomvu-browers benokudla okwanele. Kuke kwaba nezimo zobusika balezi zinyoni, kulokhu bazama ukuhlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala kwabantu nakulezo zindawo lapho kunamajikijolo amaningi emlotheni osentabeni.
Ngokubusika, ama-red-browers endiza ikakhulukazi asuka eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeYurophu, entshonalanga yeFrance, ePortugal nase-Italy. Izinyoni ezinamaphiko eRussia zatholakala eBelgium ngisho nasesifundeni saseCorsica.
Uma izinyoni ziboshwa endaweni eyodwa, lokhu akusho ukuthi zizobusika ndawonye. Njengomthetho, andiza amabanga amakhulu kunawo, alinganiswe ngamakhilomitha ambalwa. Indawo ebusika ibinkulu kakhulu futhi ayinqunyelwe kunoma iyiphi indawo ethile.
Ukucula
Ingoma kaBelobrovik iqukethe amakhwela aphindaphindeka kathathu aphindaphindwa athi "qi-fli-hin, qi-fli-hin, qi-fli-hin", aphela ngethrekhi emfushane. Ucingo lungaqondisi ocashile we- "CCC".
Esimweni lapho amaBrowbrowers engahlali emaqenjini aqine futhi engezwa omunye nomunye ecula, iculo lizwakala ngazwi linye futhi umuntu ngamunye wazakhela eyakhe ingoma. Kodwa-ke, uma iqembu lezinyoni ezinombala obomvu linokhokho ofanayo noma ofanayo, lokhu akusho ukuthi leli qembu lifaka izinyoni ezihlobene nobuhlobo. Ososayensi bakufakazele ukuthi izingane ezincane ezisokiwe ezibomvu zivama ukubuyela ezindaweni lapho zazalelwa khona. Ukwakheka kwezinyoni kuvuselelwa minyaka yonke ngabantu abasha abafika bevela kwezinye izindawo. Ama-brow-browers asemancane aqala ukwamukela ukuculwa kwezinyoni ezindala, bese wona edlulisela esizukulwaneni esilandelayo. Ngakho-ke, "iculo lendawo" linokulandelanayo futhi alilahleki iminyaka.
AmaBelobroviks acula eduze nezidleke ezindaweni zokuzalela, ukucula kuyaqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi noJulayi, kuya ngendawo yezidleke. Kwesinye isikhathi ungazizwa izinyoni zicula ekwindla, kepha lokhu kuyivelakancane futhi akulona uphawu lwale nyoni.
