Ikhola emhlophe (noma i-Siberiaan Crane) - inyoni okungeyona eyomndeni wezindawo ezinjantshi kanye nokulandelana kwama-cranes, futhi njengamanje kubhekwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezingafani zomgwaqo ohlala eRussia kuphela.

Ungahlangana naye kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Mhlawumbe yingakho ukuzama kokuhola kwama-ornithologists aseRussia ukusindisa le nyoni engavamile kwaholwa uMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin. Le projekthi ibizwa ngesiqubulo esihle esithi "Flight of Hope." Kuze kube manje, i-Crane yaseSiberia ayifakwanga ohlwini lwe-Red Book kuphela, kodwa futhi yaziwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezingandile emhlabeni wonke wezilwane zomhlaba.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

ISterkh - I-White Craneukukhula kwakhe kufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-160. Isisindo sabantu abadala sisukela kumakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa nengxenye. Ngokuvamile amaphiko ahlukahluka ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-220 kuya kwangama-265. Abesilisa ngokuvamile bavame kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi banomlomo omude.

Umbala wojantshi abamhlophe (njengoba ungaqagela ngegama lenyoni) umhlophe ikakhulukazi, izimpiko zinesiphetho esimnyama. Izinyawo nezindebe zibomvu ngokugqamile. Abantu abasha bavame ukuba nombala onsomi obomvana, okuthi kamuva kubonakale kukhanya. Ukuqubuka kwamehlo enyameni kuvame ukupenda ngokuphuzi noma okubomvu.

Uqhwaku lwama Cranes aseSiberia lubhekwa njengolude kunabo bonke abanye abameleli bomndeni we-crane, ekugcineni lapho kukhona izingcingo zohlobo lwe-sawtooth. Ingxenye yangaphambili yekhanda lalezi zinyoni (ezizungeze amehlo nangomlomo) ayinayo nhlobo iplamu, futhi ezimweni eziningi isikhumba kule ndawo sine-tint ebomvu. Amehlo amachwane lapho azalwa anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, oqala ukujika uphuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ayatholakala amakhreyithi amhlophe eRussiangaphandle kokuhlangana kwenye indawo kwenye iplanethi yethu. Zisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi eRiphabhulikhi yaseKomi, i-Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug kanye ne-Arkhangelsk Region, zakha imiphakathi emibili ehlukene eyahlukane.

AmaStranes aseSiberia ashiya iRussia kuphela isikhathi sobusika, lapho imihlambi yojantshi abamhlophe yenza izindiza ezinde eziya eChina, eNdiya nasenyakatho ye-Iran. Abamele lesi sakhamuzi bahlala ikakhulu emachibini ahlukahlukene nasezigxibeni, ngoba ama-paws abo avumelaniswa kahle nokuhamba kwenhlabathi ebonakalayo.

I-White Crane House ukuzithola kunzima kakhulu, ngoba bakhetha ukuba phakathi kwamachibi namachibi, zizungezwe udonga lwehlathi elingangeneki.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Kubo bonke abanye abameleli bomndeni we-crane, yikho impela ama-Cranes aseSiberia ahambisana nezidingo eziphakeme abazibeka ngaphambili endaweni yabo. Mhlawumbe yingakho njengamanje sebesondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni.

Yize kuphephile ukusho ngokhakhayini omhlophe ukuthi le nyoni ibhekwa njengenamahloni kakhulu futhi igwema ukusondelana nabantu, ngasikhathi sinye kungaba nolaka olukhulu uma kukhona usongo oluqondile ekhaya noma empilweni yalo uqobo.

I-crane emhlophe ekundizeni

USterkh usebenza cishe usuku lonke, engalali amahora angaphezu kwesibili, lapho emi khona emlenzeni owodwa, efihle owesibili ngezimpaphe esiswini sakhe. Ikhanda ngesikhathi sokuphumula sitholakala ngqo ngaphansi kwephiko.

Njengoba ama-Cranes aseSiberia ayizinyoni ezinakekela kakhulu, imvamisa bakhetha indawo abalala kuyo phakathi kwamanzi, kude namabhasi nezinye izindawo zokukhosela ezingazifihla ngemuva.

Naphezu kokuthi lezi zinyoni zisebenza kakhulu futhi zilala amahora ambalwa ngosuku, futhi ziwuhlobo lwabasubathi ezinhlobonhlobo zokufuduka kwesizini (isikhathi izindiza zihlala zifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha), azisebenzi kangako ngesikhathi sasebusika, futhi ebusuku izinsuku zithanda ukuphumula.

Ukukhala Kwemakhaza Amhlophe yehluke kakhulu kuwo wonke amanye amalungu omndeni, futhi yinde, yinde futhi ihlanzekile.

Lalela ukukhala kwekhrimu emhlophe

Umsoco

Ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo njalo, ama-cranes amhlophe adla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo. Ukudla abakuthanda kakhulu yizo zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo, okusanhlamvu, imbewu, izimpande kanye nama-rhizomes, nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nezithombo ezincane zotshani be-sedge.

Kubandakanya nezinambuzane, ama-mollusks, izinduku ezincane nezinhlanzi. Kakhulu kaningi, amaCanes aseSiberia adla amaxoxo, izinyoni ezincane namaqanda awo. Kuyo yonke inkathi ebusika, ama-Cranes aseSiberia adla kuphela “imikhiqizo” yemvelaphi yezitshalo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: I-White Crane

I-White Crane noma i-Sterkh ingeyombuso wezilwane, uhlobo lwezikhathi, isigaba sezinyoni, umndeni we-crane, uhlobo lwe-Cranes, kanye nohlobo lweSterkhov. Ama-cranes ayizinyoni zakudala kakhulu, umndeni wamakhreyithi wasungulwa ngesikhathi se-Eocene, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-40-60 edlule. Izinyoni zakudala bezihluke ngandlela thile kubamele lo mndeni, esivamile kithina manje, zazinkulu kunezihlobo zanamuhla, kunomehluko ngokubonakala kwezinyoni.

Ividiyo: I-White Crane

Izihlobo eziseduze zamaWhite Cranes zingama-Psophiidae amacilongo kanye nezinkabi zase-Aramidae. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lezi zinyoni zazaziwa ngabantu, imidwebo yamatshe efanekisela lezi zinyoni ezinhle zikhuluma ngalokhu. Uhlobo lwe-Grus leucogeranus lwachazwa okokuqala ngudokotela oyi-ornithologist Soviet. K.A. IVorobyov ngo-1960.

Ama-cranes ayizinyoni ezinkulu ezinentamo ende nemilenze emide. Izimpiko zenyoni zingaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Ukuphakama kweCribe yaseSiberia kungamasentimitha ayi-140. Ngesikhathi sendiza, ojantshi bayandisela intamo yabo phambili nangaphansi kwemilenze yabo, efana ncamashi, kepha ngokungafani nalezi zinyoni, ama-cranes awanawo umkhuba wokuhlala ezihlahleni. Ama-cranes anekhanda elincane, elinomlomo omude, okhombe. Ekhanda, eduze komlomo, kunesigaba sesikhumba esingenamizwa. E-Siberiaan Cranes le ndawo ibomvu ngokugqamile. I-plumage imhlophe, emaphikweni, izimpaphe zibomvu ngokubomvu. Abantu abasha bangaba namabala abomvu emhlane noma entanyeni.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-crane emhlophe?

Ama-cranes ayizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu. Bangumhlobiso wangempela wanoma iyiphi i-nursery noma i-zoo. Isisindo somuntu omdala sisuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-9 kg. Ukuphakama kusuka ekhanda kuya ezinyaweni ku-140-160 cm, ngamaphiko cishe ngamamitha ayi-2. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, kanti abesilisa nabo banomlomo omude. Amapayipi emiqhudelwano yaseSiberia amhlophe ikakhulukazi emaphikweni, izimpaphe zezimpaphe zimnyama cishe zimnyama.

Ekhanda elizungeze uqhwaku kukhona isichibi sesikhumba esingenalutho ngombala obomvu. Ngenxa yalokhu inyoni ibukeka iyesabisa okuncane, noma umbono wokuqala ulungisisiwe, ukufudumala kwemikhuba emhlophe kunolaka impela. Uqhwaku nalo lubomvu ngombala, luqondile futhi lude. Ezilwaneni ezincane, iplamu liba nsundu. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala abomvu angatholakala ezinhlangothini nasemuva. Ingubo yenyoni igqokwa kuze kube yiminyaka engama-2-2,5 kamuva, umbala wale nyoni uyashintsha ube mhlophe ngokwedlulele.

Amehlo enyoni ayaphaphama; uthingo lomuntu omdala luphuzi. Izinyawo zinde futhi zibomvana. Azikho iplamu emilenzeni, emilenzeni ngayinye kuneminwe emi-4, iminwe ephakathi nengaphandle ixhumeke ulwelwesi. I-Vocalization - ama-Cranes aseSiberia akhalela phezulu kakhulu, lokhu kuzwakala ngesikhathi sendiza kuzwakala kusuka emhlabathini. Futhi ama-Cranes aseSiberia enza imisindo ephakeme kakhulu ngesikhathi somdanso wawo wokuguga.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izwi lomqhele lifana nomsindo wensimbi yomculo. Ngenkathi becula, abantu babona umsindo njengokuphola okumnene.

Ama-cranes amhlophe abhekwa njengezikhulu zamakhulu eminyaka phakathi kwezinyoni zasendle, lezi zinyoni zingaphila iminyaka engama-70. Ama-cranes ayakwazi ukuletha inzalo kusuka eminyakeni eyi-6-7 ubudala.

Ihlala kuphi i-crane emhlophe?

Photo: White Crane in Flight

Ama-cranes amhlophe anendawo ekhawulelwe kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zidla ezweni lethu kuphela. Okwamanje, kunabantu ababili kuphela bemifantu emhlophe. Lezi zingxenye zihlukaniswe zodwa. Inani lokuqala labantu abasentshonalanga lisatshalaliswa e-Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, eRiphabhlikhi yaseKomi esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk. Inani lesibili labantu lithathwa njengelisempumalanga, imigwaqo yalesi sidleke sabantu enyakatho yeYakutia.

Izidleke zabantu abasentshonalanga eduze komfula uMezen River, nasempumalanga ezingxenyeni ezikhukhulayo zoMfula i-Kunovat. Futhi futhi lezi zinyoni zingatholakala kwi-Ob. Abantu basempumalanga bathanda izidleke e-tundra. Ukuze izidleke, ama-Cranes aseSiberia akhetha izindawo ezilahliwe ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Lezi yizingalo zemifula, amachibi ashisayo asehlathini. Ama-cranes amhlophe ayizinyoni ezifudukayo futhi ahamba amabanga amade ukuze ubusika emazweni afudumele.

Ebusika, imifantu emhlophe ingatholwa ezixhaphozini zaseNdiya nasenyakatho ye-Iran. Ezweni lakithi, amaCran aseSiberia asebusika phezu kogu lwaseShomal, olusolwandle lweCaspian. Ojantshi be-Yakut bathanda ubusika eChina, lapho lezi zinyoni zikhetha khona isigodi esiseduze noMfula iYangtze. Ngesikhathi izidleke izinyoni zakha izidleke phezu kwamanzi. Izidleke zikhetha izindawo ezivaleke kakhulu. Izidleke zezinyoni zikhulu impela zakhiwe nge-sedge. Ikhaya le-Cranes yaseSiberia liyinqwaba enkulu yotshani obuluhlaza, lapho kwenziwa khona ukudana kwengqondo. Isidleke sivame ukukhuphuka ngo-20 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi le crane emhlophe. Masibone ukuthi udlani.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

USterkh wabelwa yiKhomishini Yokusinda Kwenhlangano Yezizwe Yokulondolozwa Kwemvelo Nezemvelo komunye wezinhlobo zezilwane zomhlaba ezingabekeki engcupheni. ISterkh ifakiwe kwiSithasiselo I CITES futhi ibhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu ze-Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, iTyumen Oblast, iRussia Federation kanye naseBhuku elibomvu le-International Union for Conservation of Nature (INCN) - uhlu lwe-EN. Njengamanje, inani lezinhlobo lilinganiselwa kubantu abacishe babe ngama-2900 ukuya ku-3000. Ukuze umsindise, kwaqedwa isivumelwano seNhlangano Yomhlaba wonke ngaphansi kwe-Bonn Convention on the Protection of Migratory Animals, ukuhlanganisa izifunda ezikulo (iRussian Federation), ama-hibernates (India ne-Iran) nokuthi idlulela kanjani e (Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) ) I-Russia, esayine lesi sivumelwano ngonyaka ka-1993, inezibopho ezikhethekile zomhlaba wonke njengokuwukuphela kwendawo ebanga indawo yaseSiberia Crane.

ICribe yaseSiberia ayinazitha zemvelo. Kodwa lapho isikhathi sokufuduka kwama-reindeer asendle sisebenzelana nesikhathi sokuqhanyelwa, amadlozi aba yinto ephazamisayo, eholela ekufeni kwamaqhubu. Ebusika ebusika ngeminyaka eyomile, i-crane crane iba imbangi ye-crane njengento enkulu futhi enamandla.

Ukusatshalaliswa

ICribe yaseSiberia isatshalaliswa kuphela endaweni yaseRussia, futhi iziza zayo zakha izigaba ezimbili ezihlukaniswe ngokuphelele, ezibizwa ngo-Ob no-Yakut. Abantu bokuqala bangena endaweni yama-steppe eningizimu yeSiberia eseNtshonalanga, enamachibi amaningi. Inani labantu baseYakut lihlala ezindaweni ezinkudlwana okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo ama-moss kanye nama-sedge bogs e-tundra, ihlathi-i-tundra kanye ne-taiga esenyakatho ebabazekayo, nenqwaba yamachibi nezindawo eziphansi ezigcwele izikhukhula zentwasahlobo.

Umsebenzi

Esikhathini sokudlekwa kwe-tundra nelanga lokushona, ama-Cranes aseSiberia asebenza ubusuku nemini. Kepha phakathi kuka-3 no-5 ekuseni banciphisa umsebenzi balala. Okokulala, izinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezivulekile, ezikhukhulwe ngamanzi ezitholakala okungenani ngamamitha ayi-100 ukusuka kubhusha noma izihlahlana eziseduze. ICrown yaseSiberia elele imile emlenzeni owodwa, ifihle enye yeplamu yesisu. Ikhanda ngalesi sikhathi libekwe ngaphansi kwephiko, intamo icindezelwe emzimbeni. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni evukayo iyelula iphiko noma inyakaze izikhathi eziningi ngomlenze wayo wamahhala. Ubude obugcwele bokulala okugcwele abudluli amahora angama-2.

Ebusika, ama-Cranes aseSiberia enza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, eqala ukuphuma kwelanga futhi iphele ngokuqala kobumnyama.

Ukuzala

Ama-cranes afinyelela ekuthweni kweminyaka engu-6-7, isikhathi sokuzala singathatha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili. Lezi zinyoni ziyizinto ezithandanayo futhi zakha amabhangqa angapheli.

Zincamela ukudla ezindaweni ezivulekile zamaxhaphozi phakathi kwamahlathi e-taiga.

Ibanga phakathi kwezidleke zaseYakutia lisuka ku-2,5 liye ku-75 km, kepha ngokuvamile li-14-20 km. Ngokwesibalo sabakwa-Ob, ubungako bezidleke bungaphezulu: ibanga elincanyana phakathi kwezidleke liyi-1.5 km, umkhawulo - 10 km.

Isidleke saseSiberia Crane siyipulatifomu ecijile eyenziwe yenziwa ngeziqu ze-sedge futhi itholakala ngqo emanzini. Ama-cranes angahlala esidlekeni esifanayo iminyaka eminingi, futhi ububanzi bezidleke ezindala kwesinye isikhathi bufika ku-120 cm. Njengamanye amakhilogremu, bavikela indawo yabo ngokuphelele futhi bavikela izifunda zabo ngendawo.

Kukhona amaqanda ama-1-2 ku-clutch ye-Siberian Crane, ikakhulukazi insikazi iyazifaka, owesilisa uvame ukubuyisa esikhundleni esifushane ntambama. Isikhathi sokufuduka siyizinsuku ezingama-27- 28. Amaphesenti okufa kwendalo kwemfucumfucu kanye nokufa kwamachwane kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi namaphesenti ezinyoni ezizalisayo azinakwa. Am amaphuphu asanda kuzalwa anolaka olukhulu komunye nomunye, futhi amachwane amadala ahlala ebulala omncane. Ngokuthabisako, ubudlova bamantshontsho buye bufiphale buze bufike eminyakeni eyi-40. Ukuphila kokudla isidleke kwama-broods akukaze kufundwe. Imindeni isuka ngokushesha endaweni esidlekeni bese iyazulazula e-tundra ngaphambi kokusuka.

Ephikweni, amaphuphu akhuphuka engxenyeni yokuqala kaDisemba.

Ukuziphatha komphakathi

Ukuziphatha kweCribe yaseSiberia kwenziwa kakhulu ngokwesiko. Njengoba kungolunye lwezinhlobo zemigwaqo eqinile futhi enolaka kakhulu, ukubonakaliswa kokusongela kuthatha indawo ebalulekile ekuziphatheni okwenziwa ngokwesiko. Lapho isidleke, indawo igcinwa ikakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-dison ye-unison, ehambisana nokuvezwa okuthile. Imidanso yama Cranes yaseSiberia iqukethe ukugxuma okuphezulu, ukugijima okuyisishiyagalombili ngamaphiko okusakaza kanye nokujika. Ebusika, indawo iyancishiswa kakhulu, ama-Cranes aseSiberia aphathwa ngamaqembu, futhi imiboniso esongela ukusizakala isebenza ukuze kulondolozwe ukwakheka kobukhosi eqenjini.

Umlando Wempilo eZoo

Ama-Cranes aseSiberia amelwe kakhulu ekuvezweni kwama-zoo amakhulu, ngoba lapho azala ngempumelelo.

I-Crane yokuqala yaseSiberia yavela e-zoo yethu ngo-1987 ivela e-Oka Reserve. Kepha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, ngeshwa, wafa ngengozi. Ama-Cranes aseSiberia alandelayo athola kuphela unyaka kamuva. Kepha abazalanga nathi. Kwakuwumbhangqwana omuhle, kepha kwakungekho kuzalanisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sagcina iCrambu yaseSiberia enolaka olunenqwaba ephukile: ezinyinyini ezinolaka olunjalo, imilomo ivame ukugqekeza: yayiphuthuma kubo bobabili abasebenzi kanye nezivakashi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imihuzuko futhi iningi lezinyoni ezikhuliswa ngabantu zibona abantu njengabantu bohlobo lwazo. Lapho inyoni ivuthwa ngokocansi, iqala ukuvikela insimu yayo kubantu bohlobo lwayo, kubandakanya nabantu ezinhlotsheni zayo. Futhi abantu bavame ukwephula indawo yabo, lapho eba izonda kakhulu laba bantu. Ngakho-ke, ama-cranes akhula ngabantu akhombisa ulaka oluthile kubasebenzi ababondlayo. Amachwane esawakhulisa aqala ukukhombisa ubutha eminyakeni eyi-1.5 kuya kwengu-2. Lapho behlasela, bashaya umphikisi kanzima ngezidladla zabo nangomlomo. Kwezobuciko bempi kukhona "isitayela sogwayi" - eqinisweni, kuyisitayela se-crane - lapho bekhahlela isitha. I-crane indiza phezulu futhi ikhahlela kanzima. I-crane enkulu ingakwazi ukushaya impungushe kanye nomgogodla wezimpisi omncane ngesiteleka se-paw.

Njengamanje, i-zoo ayiqukethe ama-Cranes aseSiberia, kepha asezindaweni zethu zoo. Kukhona ngazimbili. Zonke izinyoni zaqhamuka e-Oka Reserve - i-Special crane nursery. Ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lobudlova, owesimame oyedwa akaphumelelanga ukudala umbhangqwana, ngakho-ke, inzalo yatholwa kuye ngokufakwa ngokufakelwa. Okwamanje, ukushushumbisa okwenziwe ngembambo akwenziwa futhi lokhu kuqhutshelwa kwesinye isikhathi akukhiqizi. Izimbotshana zesibili ezakheka njalo, njalo ngonyaka zithola amaphuphu angu-1-2.

Impilo ejwayelekile ye-Siberiaan Crane, i-aviary e-zoo kufanele ibe yindawo ephakeme - ukusuka kumamitha-skwele angama-50 kuye kwangama-100. amamitha, ngotshani noma ngesihlabathi. Ichibi elincane liyadingeka ngoba iningi lemikhumbi lithanda ukubhukuda, nezihlahlana. Esibekweni, kuhlala kukhona ukudla okujwayelekile okuhlanganisiwe lapho amavithamini namaprotheni alinganiselayo. Kanye ngosuku, kunikezwa imashdi emanzi (inhlanzi, ukolweni ohlumewe, izaqathe) lapho kufakwa khona i-complication eyenzelwe ukutholakala. Ama-cranes athola amagundane nsuku zonke - lokhu kukudla kwabo konke.

Ama-cranes amakhulu adala ngababili unomphela. Lapho nje amafomu amabili, iqala ukubulala eminye imincanyana endaweni yezindiza, ikhulule indawo yayo yokungenisa izihambi kubantu abangabazi .. Imibhangqwana izinzile, kepha uma omunye wabalingani efa, enye esele ingene nayo ithule enye. Ukuthembeka kwe-Swan akubonwa.

Ubunzima bokugcina amakhreyithi yisidingo sokuhlinzeka nge-cranes nge-aviary enkulu. Ukuxineka kwama-cranes nakho kungaba yinkinga, ngoba akuvumeli isisebenzi ukuthi singene sodwa kwezindiza.

Ukufika kwe-crane kwenziwa ngokuya ngomgomo - uma kukhona owesilisa nowesifazane, khona-ke kufanele sizame ukwakha umbhangqwana. Ama-cranes kufanele atshalwe ekwindla, okungenani emisebenzini yehormone. Kungcono ukuthi izinyoni zihlale isikhashana ngokusebenzisa imigoqo (ezindaweni eziseduze) bese ziyazana.

Lapho sitshala imishini yokuhlanza yaseJapan, babehlala eduze komunye nomunye izinyanga ezimbili, babheke komunye nomunye ngemigoqo. Lapho zixhunyiwe, ngokushesha zaqala ukuziphatha njengombhangqwana oshadile.

Kepha kwenzeka ngenye indlela: iScribe Libby yaseSiberia, ngemuva kokuhlala phansi, yakhuthazelela owesilisa amasonto amaningana, yabe izama ukumbulala. Owesilisa uthathwe ezindlini zezindiza, kwathi uLibby wafakwa ngamatshe. Wayevame ukuzingela amaqanda futhi aqhamukele amachwane. Kepha wayengadingi owesilisa. Besilokhu sisebenza ngokuzalanisa imifantu kusukela ngo-1985. Le ndlela ilula futhi ayibangeli zinkinga.

Bafowethu abathandekayo, ngicela ungabeki iminwe yakho emgodini ngemikhovu - le nyoni inolaka, futhi wena nomlomo wenyoni ungahlupheka.

Incazelo

Inyoni enkulu: ukuphakama cishe ngo-140 cm, amaphiko ama-2.1-2.3 m, isisindo esingu-5-8.6 kg. Izimpaphe ezingaphambi kwekhanda elizungeze amehlo nomlomo zingekho, isikhumba kule ndawo ngezinyoni ezindala sidwetshelwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo. Amabala abomvu noma aphuzi ophuzi. UBeak mude (mude kunawo wonke ama-cranes), obomvu, sawtooth ekugcineni komkhawulo. Amapheya amaningi omzimba amhlophe, ngaphandle kwezimpaphe zokuqala ezimnyama ze-oda lokuqala emaphikweni. Imilenze yinde, ibomvana ebomvu. Emigodini yaseSiberia esemncane, ingaphambili lekhanda liphuzi, iplamu libomvu ngombala obomvu, okunamabala amnyama entanyeni nasesilevini. Ngesinye isikhathi, ama-Crane aseSiberia amhlophe anezindawo ezibomvu ngemuva, entanyeni nasezinhlangothini kuyatholakala. Amehlo amachwane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala, bese ephenduka aphuzi.

I-dimorphism yezocansi (umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwabesilisa nabesilisa) cishe awuzwakalanga, yize abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi benomlomo omude. Akukwenzi izingqinamba.

Ngabe udlani omhlophe?

Photo: White Crane from the Red Book

Ama-cranes amhlophe ayindawo emnandi futhi akancani ngokudla.

Ukudla kwama-cranes amhlophe kufaka phakathi:

• imbewu namajikijolo ikakhulukazi njengama-cranes amajikijolo kanye nama-cloudberry,
• amasele nama-amphibians,
• izinduku ezincane
• izinyoni ezincane
• inhlanzi
• amaqanda wezinyoni ezincane
• ulwelwe nezimpande zezitshalo zamanzi,
• utshani bekotini nothayela,
• izinambuzane ezincane, izimbungulu nama-arthropods.

Endaweni evamile yokuhlala, zivame ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo namajikijolo. Njengokudla okunempilo bathanda ukudla izinhlanzi, amasele. Kwesinye isikhathi izinduku. Ngesikhathi sasebusika badla abakuthola endaweni yasebusika. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi, imifula emhlophe ayikaze indize ngisho nasezindaweni zezitshalo nasekuyeni lapho umuntu ehlala khona ngisho nangeminyaka yendlala. Izinyoni azibathandi abantu, noma ngaphansi kobuhlungu bokufa ngenxa yendlala, ngeke zize kumuntu. Uma imifula ibona abantu eduze esidlekeni sabo, izinyoni zingashiya isidleke unomphela.

Ekudla kwabo, umlomo wabo usiza kakhulu amakhreyithi. Izinyoni zibamba futhi zibulale izisulu zazo ngemilomo yazo. Izinhlanzi zama-cranes ziyabanjwa emanzini ngoqhwaku lwazo. Ngokukhishwa kwama-rhizomes, ama-cranes agaya umhlabathi ngemilomo yawo. Imbewu nezimbungulu ezincane zithathwa izinyoni ngqo zisuka emhlabathini .. Ekudingisweni, izinyoni zidla okusanhlamvu, inhlanzi, izinduku ezincane namaqanda. Futhi futhi emikhotheni yokuthunjwa inikezwa inyama yezinyoni ezincane, imbewu nokudla kwezilwane. Ngokuya komsoco, ukudla okunje akudluli ngaphansi kwalokho okudla izinyoni endle.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

Ama-Sterkh izidleke kuphela eRussia. Kwaphawulwa izinyoni ezimbili ezizimele zale nyoni: eyasentshonalanga esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk, i-Komi Republic kanye ne-Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, kanye nasempumalanga enyakatho yeYakutia. Inani labantu bokuqala, elibizwa ngokuthi i- "Ob", lilinganiselwe entshonalanga ngomfula woMfula iMezen eningizimu nePeninsula yaseKanin, empumalanga yethambeka lomfula i-Kunovat River kanye nenkambo ephansi ye-Ob e-Yamal-Nenets okrug. Ebusika, izinyoni zalaba bantu zifudukela emaxhaphozini amaNdiya (Keoladeo National Park) nasenyakatho ne-Iran ngasogwini loLwandle iCaspian (Shomal). Uhla lwabantu besempumalanga luba phakathi kwe-Yana, i-Indigirka, ne-Alazeya imifula eYakutia, ngoba ebusika, lezi zinyoni zindiza ziye eChina, zifinyelela maphakathi nesigodi soMfula iYangtze.

E-Yakutia, ama-Cranes aseSiberia esidlekeni esingafakwa muntu, ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kwe-tundra, ezindaweni ezinamathafa amaningi, esifundeni se-Ob phakathi kwezigodi ezishisayo ezungezwe yihlathi elicindezelwe.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Inyoni Emhlophe Yomqhele

Ama-cranes ayizinyoni ezinolaka impela. Imvamisa, amaphuphu ama-Crane aseSiberia abulala ukubulawa kweqanda. Ama-cranes nawo anolaka kubantu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudalwa. Ziyimfihlo kakhulu, musa ukubekezelela ubukhona bomuntu oseduze. Imigwaqo emhlophe idinga kakhulu kule ndawo; ihlala ezingxenyeni zemifula namanzi amachibi. Kulesi simo, kukhethwa imifula engajulile nje.

Kubalulekile kakhulu kulezi zinyoni ukuthi kube nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile aseduze. Ama-cranes ahlangene kakhulu namanzi, enza izidleke kuwo, kuwo futhi asebenzisa iningi lesikhathi ukudoba namaxoxo, azijabulisa ngezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ama-cranes amhlophe ayinyoni ezifudukayo. Ehlobo bahlala enyakatho yeRussia naseMpumalanga Ekude, bandizela emazweni afudumele ayobusika.

Izinyoni zinesakhiwo sezenhlalo esithuthukisiwe, uma phakathi kwezinyoni ezidlekayo zihlala ngababili, ngesikhathi sezindiza ziziphatha njengemihlambi yezinyoni. Zindiza ngesigaqa esicacile futhi zilalela umholi. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, owesilisa nowesifazane baneqhaza empilweni yomndeni. Izinyoni zakha izidleke ndawonye, ​​zinakekele inzalo ndawonye.

ICranes ihamba iyodla ubusika ngoSepthemba ibuyele ezindaweni yayo evamile ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli naphakathi noMeyi. Indiza ihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20. Ngesikhathi sezindiza, ojantshi benyukela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-700-1000 ngaphezu komhlaba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-60 ngehora ngaphezulu komhlaba nangamakhilomitha ayi-100 ngehora ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngosuku olulodwa, umhlambi wezikebhe ungandiza ufike kuma-400 km. Ebusika bangahlala ndawonye emhlambini omkhulu. Ngale ndlela izinyoni zizizwa ziphephe.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-cranes ayizinyoni eziqhoshayo; azikaze zihlale emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ukuhlala emagatsheni kugoba ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo akuyona eyabo.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: I-White Crane Chick

Ama-cranes asendizeni ahambela ezindaweni zawo ezidlekayo selokhu ebusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqala inkathi yokuzalela. Ngaphambi kokuqala umndeni, umshado wangempela womshado wenzeka emijahweni, lapho abesilisa nabesifazane bexhunyiwe ngokucula okuhle kakhulu, benza imisindo eminingi emsulwa nenhle. Ngesikhathi sokucula, abesilisa bavame ukwelula amaphiko abo ezinhlangothini bese bephonsa amakhanda emuva, ngenkathi insikazi ishiya amaphiko endaweni emile. Ngaphezu kokucula, imidlalo yokuphelisa amandla ihambisana nemidanso ethokozisayo, mhlawumbe lo mdanso uvuselela omunye wabalingani uma unolaka, noma usebenza njengendlela yokuqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu.

Izinduna zakhiwa izinyoni phezu kwamanzi, owesilisa nowesifazane babamba iqhaza kule nqubo. Kwesikhathi esisodwa sokuzala, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2 amakhulu anesisindo esingama-214 amagremu ngekhefu lezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kwabanye abantu, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, i-clutch ingaba neqanda elilodwa kuphela. Ukufakwa kwamaqanda kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngowesifazane, noma kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa eza ukumsiza, imvamisa ubeka owesifazana ntambama. Hatching ihlala inyanga yonke. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda ngowesifazane, owesilisa uhlala endaweni ethile eduze futhi aqaphe umndeni wakhe.

Ngemuva kwenyanga, kuzalwa amaphuphu ama-2. Ezinsukwini ezingama-40 zokuqala, amachwane ayahlaselana kakhulu. Esikhathini esiningi, elinye lamachwane liyafa, futhi elinamandla lisalele ukuze liphile. Kepha uma amaphuphu womabili ephila eneminyaka engama-40, amaphuphu ayeka ukulwa phakathi kwawo futhi aziphathe ngokuzolile. Ezindlini zokugcina izingane, imvamisa iqanda elilodwa lisuswa kumakhaza bese iphuphu likhuliswa ngabantu. Kulokhu, womabili amaphuphu azosinda. Intsha iyakwazi ukulandela abazali bayo amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokuqothuka esidlekeni. Lapho amachwane efika ezinyaweni zawo, wonke umndeni uphuma esidlekeni bese uphindela kwi-tundra. Lezi zinyoni zihlala lapho ngaphambi kokuya ebusika.

Izitha zemvelo zojantshi abamhlophe

Isithombe: I-White Crane

Ama-cranes amhlophe ayizinyoni ezinkulu futhi ezinolaka, ngakho-ke ama-Cranes aseSiberia asekhulile awanazitha. Zimbalwa izilwane ezinesibindi sokucasula le nyoni. Kepha amachwane amancane ne-Clutch yaseSiberia ahlala engozini.

Izidakamizwa ezihlukumezanayo ezinjenge:

Imihlambi yezinyamazane ezifudukayo zivame ukwethusa izingwamza futhi ziyiphoqe ukuba ishiye izidleke zayo, futhi izinyoni zivame ukwethusa imihlambi yezinyamazane ezifuywayo nabantu kanye nezinja. Ama-Nestlings asala ebudaleni ayahlala, akwanele uma i-clutch igcinwa futhi omncane wezidleke uvame ukubulawa ngumdala. Kepha noma kunjalo, lo muntu waba yisitha esiyingozi kakhulu kulezi zinyoni. Hhayi ngisho nabantu uqobo, kepha indlela yethu yabathengi ibeka ama-Siberia Cranes engcupheni yokuqothulwa. Abantu baqinisa izikebhe zemifula, izindawo zokugcina ezomile ezindaweni zokuhlala zemvelo zalezi zinyoni, futhi azikho izindawo zokuphumula nezokudlela amaCribe aseSiberia.

Ama-cranes amhlophe azwela kakhulu endaweni ahlala kuyo futhi ahlala kuphela echibini, nasezindaweni ezingenakutholwa ngabantu. Uma amachibi nezimbambo zomile, izinyoni kufanele zifune indawo entsha yokwakha izidleke. Uma lokhu kungatholakali, izinyoni zimane zingakhiqizi inzalo kulo nyaka. Unyaka nonyaka, abantu abadala abancipha nabaphansi, nam amaphuphu aphila ukuze akhule angaphansi. Namuhla, imifantu emhlophe ikhule ekudingisweni. Emakhaya, odokotela bezokwelapha abanolwazi banakekela amaqanda namachwane, lapho izinyoni zibakhulisa, bezithumele ukuba ziye endle.

Izinsongo nokuvikeleka

Ukuchichima kwayo yonke imigwaqo yaseSiberia endle emhlabeni kungabantu abangama-2900-3000 kuphela, okubabeka endaweni yesithathu kusukela ekugcineni phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezikhuhlu. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani labantu baseNtshonalanga yeSiberia Cranes lehle laba ngabantu abangama-20, okwakubeka ethubeni lokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Izinyoni zifuna kakhulu endaweni ethile futhi zibhekwa njengezinhlobo eziguqulwe kakhulu zokuphila emanzini. Yize ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwebusika indawo yazo ingahluka kakhulu, izinyoni ziyondla futhi zichitha ubusuku bodwa emanzini angajulile.

Mayelana nezimo ezithile zokuphila, izinsongo eziyinhloko ekusindeni kwamaCribe aseSiberia nazo zihlobene. Iningi lezinyoni zifuduka ebusika ziye eYangtze River Valley eChina, lapho iningi labantu lihlala khona, ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo nokwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla i-Gorges Hydroelectric Power Station kunciphisa indawo yokuphila kwalezi zinyoni. Ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, ukukhiqizwa kawoyela nokudonsa kwamaswidi kuyizinto ezokwehla kwenani labantu. Izakhamizi zaseNtshonalanga eRussia, kanye nasePakistan, Afghanistan nakwamanye amazwe, zisongelwa ngokuzingela lezi zinyoni.

Imizamo yokuvikela ama-Cranes aseSiberia yaqala ngawo-1970s, lapho kwenziwa ukwakhiwa ngo-1973 kwe-International Fund for the Protection of Cranes nokusayina ngo-1974 kweSoviet-American Agreement on Cooperation emkhakheni Wezokuvikelwa Kwemvelo. Ikakhulu, ngonyaka we-1977-1978, amaqanda ambalwa aqokelelwa endle alethwa enkulisa esanda kwakhiwa esifundeni saseWisconsin, lapho kwaqanjwa khona amachwane ayi-7, abeka isisekelo sabantu abaningi bemikhuba yaseSiberia eyakhiwe. Kwakhiwa indawo enkulisa efanayo ngo-1979 e-USSR, endaweni ye-Oka Biosphere State Reserve.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi amaqanda amabili ekugcineni inkukhu eyodwa evame ukusinda, ama-ornithologists asuse iqanda elilodwa alibeka ku-incubator. Njengoba ilahlekelwe yi-clutch, insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda futhi, futhi la maqanda ahamba nawo ukuze ayotshalwa ngezindlela zokwenziwa. Namuhla, ama-Cranes aseSiberia ayizinkulungwane eziningana agcinwe ezindaweni ezivalekile eBelgium, China, Russia nase-USA.

Ngokungeziwe ekwakheni isikhwama sokugcina imali, kuye kwenziwa imizamo ethile yokulondolozwa kwemvelo yalezi zinyoni. Ngo-1994, isikhwama i-International Crane Protection Fund, kanye ne-Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention, CMS), sakhishwa sivela eJalimane Imemorandamu Yokuqonda Ngezindlela Zokuvikela I-Crane, esasayinwe yizifunda eziyi-11, ngandlela thile ezixhumene nendawo yokuhlala noma ukuthutha kwalezi zinyoni. Ngaphansi kohlaka lwalesi sivumelwano, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abavela e-Azabajani, e-Afghanistan, eNdiya, eKazakhstan, eChina, eMongolia, ePakistan, eRussia, eTurkmenistan nase-Uzbekistan bahlangana njalo emuva kweminyaka emibili ukudingida izindlela zokugcina ama-Cranes aseSiberia. Okukhethekile iphrojekthi "Sterkh" (I-English Siberian Crane Wetland Project), omsebenzi wayo ukugcina nokubuyisela inani labantu abasengozini yokuqothulwa kwamaCribe aseSyria endaweni yaseYamal kuya ezingeni lokuzala elizimele elizimele.

Ukuze kulondolozwe inani labantu baseYakut be-Crane yaseSiberia e-China, kwenziwa indawo yokugcina izwe endaweni yeLake Poinhu. E-Russia, kwakhiwa i-State Natural Reserve yaseRepublic of Sakha (Yakutia) Kytalyk, eseguqulwa yenziwa ipaki yezwe, iKunovatsky Federal Reserve esifundeni saseYamal-Nenets, kanye neLuzzersky Reserve eSifundeni saseTyumen.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-crane emhlophe?

Kuze kube manje, inani labantu abasebenza emijondolo emhlophe emhlabeni wonke bangu-3,000 kuphela abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lasentshonalanga lamaStranes aseSiberia liqukethe abantu abangama-20 kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lasentshonalanga lamaS Cranes aseSiberia asondele ekuqothulweni namathemba wokuthuthuka kwenani labantu kubi kakhulu. Yize kunjalo, izinyoni azifuni ukuzalanisa ezindaweni zazo zemvelo, ngoba azinandawo yokwakha izidleke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinyoni zikhetha kakhulu ngendawo yokuhlala.

Ngesikhathi izindiza, futhi ubusika, Cranes yaseSiberia ingahlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kodwa lezi zinyoni zidla kuphela emanzini angajulile, lapho izinyoni zichitha khona ubusuku.
Ebusika, izinyoni ziya eSigodini saseChina eduze koMfula iYangtze. Okwamanje, lezi zindawo zinezindawo ezinabantu abaningi, iningi lomhlaba oseduze kwendawo lapho kuhlala khona ama-Cranes waseSiberia asetshenziselwa ezolimo. Futhi njengoba wazi, ama-Cranes aseSiberia awabekezeleli indawo yokuhlala nabantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni lethu, ezindaweni ezakha izidleke, kukhishwa uwoyela bese kubhukuda nezibhubhu. EPakistan nase-Afghanistan, lezi nyoni zivame ukuzingeliswa, kepha kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-70s, ukuzingela amaKhosi aseSiberia avinjelwe emhlabeni wonke. Okwamanje, izinhlobo zeGrus leucogeranus zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu futhi zinesimo sezinhlobo ezisondele ekuqothulweni. Eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwenziwa umsebenzi wokulondolozwa ukuze kulondolozwe zombili lezi zinhlobo kanye nabanye abamele umndeni wama crane. Kwenziwe isikhwama sokugcina imali eRussia. E-China, ezindaweni zobusika zemifantu emhlophe, sekwakhiwe ipaki yokubhuka.

“Indiza Yethemba”

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990s, sekukhululiwe imvelo engaphezu kwama-100 amaStranes aseSiberia. Kodwa-ke, inani lokufa kwezinsizwa ezincane zasendle ngokwemvelo ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila zingama-50-70%. Izinga lokusinda kwemikhuba eyenziwe ngobuciko ayidluli kuma-20%. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi baqala ukubheka izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwandisa inani lokusinda kwam amaphuphu angenisiwe.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamasu okundiza amabanga amade nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokufuduka kubaluleke kakhulu kubafundi.Ukuntuleka kwendiza egcwele nokuqeqeshwa kokuzulazula kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda kwamachwane angenisiwe. Ochwepheshe baseMelika bakwazile ukuxazulula le nkinga: banquma ukuhola amachwane ngendlela yokufuduka okuzayo ngosizo lwe-glider elilawulwa ngumuntu. Umnyombo wale ndlela ukuthi, ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, ama-cranes akhule e-nursery abona i-motor hang-glider njengomholi wephakethe futhi alilandele endaweni ebusika, enza ukuma kokuphumula ezindaweni ezikhethwe ngaphambilini ezifanelekileyo. Ngalesi sikimu, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 wamachwane angeniswa ngemuva kobusika ngokuzimela abuyele endaweni yokukhululwa. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izindiza ezinjalo zokufundisa izinyoni zaqala ukwenza umhloli wamazwe wase-Italiya u-Angelo D'Arrigo, osweleke kabuhlungu ngo-2006.

Ngo-2001-2002, ama-ornithologists aseRussia afunda ngokuningiliziwe amathuba okusebenzisa indlela yaseMelika ukubuyisa inani labantu baseCrimea baseSiberia baseSiberia futhi bakuthola kuthembisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwaqalwa uhlelo olukhethekile lokwethula indlela entsha, eyayibizwa nge- “Flight of Hope”. Abahlanganyeli bohlelo nguMnyango Wezemithombo Yezemvelo waseRussia Federation, ongoti be-All-Russian Research Institute of Natural, Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Oka Biosphere State Reserve, Inkampani ye-ITERA kawoyela negesi, iSterkh Fund, kanye nososayensi abavela emazweni angaphezu kwayishumi emhlabeni. Umdidiyeli kazwelonke wezinhlelo zokutakula zaseSiberia ngu-Alexander Sorokin, inhloko yomnyango wezinto eziphilayo e-All-Russian Research Institute of Natural, Ministry of Natural Resources wase Russian Federation.

Ngo-2006, kwakhiwa izihlwathi ezinhlanu zanamuhla ezinama-motor motor, futhi ngosizo lwazo amaKhosi aseSiberia athathwa endizeni ende. Izinyoni zalethwa zisuka kuYamal zisiwa e-Uzbekistan, lapho zajoyina khona imigwaqo engwevu yasendle futhi vele yahamba nazo ebusika. Okunye ukuzama ukulawula indiza yeSiberia Cranes kwenziwa ngonyaka ka-2012. Umhlambi wezitimela eziyisithupha zaseSiberia walethwa eLuzzersky Federal Reserve eSifundeni saseTyumen, kodwa kulokhu ama-grey Cranes awazange ayamukele iMigwaqo yaseSiberia.

Ukwandisa ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngenkinga yabantu abasengozini yokubulawa kwabantu baseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia yaseSiberia, ngo-Ephreli 2012, kwaqalwa ukusakazwa okuyingqayizivele ku-inthanethi kusuka ezidlekeni zamaKhosi aseSiberia e-Oksky Reserve - “Indiza Yethemba. Phila. " Ngesikhathi sangempela, ngaphandle kokuthatha nokuhlela, ungabheka impilo yamabili amabili ama-Cranes aseSiberia asebekhulile - kusukela ekubonakaleni kwezizukulwane zawo kuya ekuqeqeshweni kwamachwane ezindizayo ngemuva kwe-glider.

Ukuvikelwa Okumhlophe Komhlophe

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-crane emhlophe?

Ngo-1973, kwasungulwa i-International Crane Protection Fund. Ngo-1974, kwasayinwa umqulu wokubambisana emkhakheni wokuvikela imvelo phakathi kweSoviet Union neMelika. Ngo-1978, kwenziwa indawo yokubekisa ekhethekile eWinsconsin State lapho amaqanda, imikhova emhlophe etholakala endle, alethwa khona. Izazi zesayensi yezokwelapha ezivela e-USA zakhulisa amaphuphu futhi azilethela endle.

Namuhla eRussia, eChina, e-USA naseBelgium, ama-ornithologists akhula ngojantshi ezimeni zokugcina. Izazi zezinzwa, ngokwazi ngomncintiswano ophakathi kwamachwane, zithatha iqanda elilodwa kulokukhanda zizikhulise ngokwazo amachwane. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ama-ornithologists azama ukunamathisela amachwane kumuntu, futhi asebenzise imfihlakalo ekhethekile ukunakekela amaphuphu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukunakekela amaphuphu, ama-ornithologists asebenzisa amasudi amnyama akhethekile wokufihla, lokhu kukhumbuza umama ngamachwane. Abancane funda ukundiza futhi ngosizo lomuntu. Izinyoni zindizela indiza encane ekhethekile, abayithatha njengomholi wephakethe. Ngakho-ke izinyoni zenza ukundiza kwazo okokuqala “ukundiza kweThemba”.

Kuze kube manje, lokhu kusatshalaliswa kokutshalwa kwamachwane kwenziwa e-Oka Reserve. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapaki kazwelonke asebenza endaweni yaseYakutia, i-Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug naseTyumen.

Ikhola emhlophe Izinyoni ezimangalisa ngempela, futhi ngeshwa ukuthi zimbalwa kakhulu lezi zinyoni ezinhle nezomusa emhlabeni wethu. Masibe nethemba lokuthi imizamo yama-ornithologists ngeke ichitheke, futhi amaphuphu akhuliswe ekudingisweni azokwazi ukuhlala endle futhi azale.

Ngokwesiko

Kwabomdabu baseSiberia - ama-Ugrian, amaNenets, abanye - amaCribe aseSiberia - inyoni engcwele, ingqele, umlingiswa wezinganekwane, inkolo, imikhosi yamaholide, kubandakanya neholide iBear. Ngesikhathi izidleke zase-Siberia Cranes, indawo yazo yokwakha izidleke yaba yindawo yokubekelwa indawo. Ngakho-ke, hhayi nje kuphela phakathi kwama-Yakuts, ama-Evens, ama-evenks, ama-Yukagirs, kodwa futhi naphakathi kwabantu baseSiberia yaseNtshonalanga, kukholakala ukuthi umhlangano ne-Siberiaan Crane uveza imicimbi emihle, futhi ukulimala okubangelwe yi-crane emhlophe kuletha ububi. Umpristi waseSakha u-Aiyy Umsuur Udagan ugada insika emyalweni kaDyilga-toyon, wabhala kuwo ngegazi lomhlatshelo ukuthi uNyurgun uzoba yinhloko yesizwe samaSakha. Ezingomeni naseqopheni lobuqhawe le-Sakha-Yakuts "Olonkho", i-Siberiaan Crane iyinyoni, isithombe sayo sithathwa ama-shamans asezulwini nobuhle basemhlabeni. AbaseHungary ababevela eSiberia futhi ikakhulukazi amaSaveyi baletha imibono ngomlingo wamakhreyithi amhlophe kubantu baseRussia nabaseYurophu.

ISterkh: izici zangaphandle

I-Siberian Crane ingeyohlobo lwe-Cranes, umndeni we-Cranes. Le nyoni inkulu - ukukhula kwayo kusuka esilinganisweni esiyikhulu namashumi amane nanye namashumi ayisithupha, isisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisishiyagalombili. Amaphiko we crane aqala kumakhulu amabili neshumi ukuya kumakhulu amabili namashumi amathathu amasentimitha, kuya ngesibalo sabantu.

Kungalesi sikhathi sokufuduka kuphela ebusika kuphela lapho umgwaqo omhlophe wenza izindiza ezikude. Izidleke zaseCaribbean zaseSiberia naseRussia. Lezi zinyoni zigadiwe yi-ornithologists.

Umbala

I-crane emhlophe (iSyerian Crane) inesici, ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukusiphikisa ngenye inyoni - umlomo omude obomvu, onamamaki abukhali emaphethelweni ayo. Eduze kwamehlo nangomlomo akukho zimpaphe, futhi isikhumba sidwetshelwe ngombala obomvu ocebile futhi siyabonakala kude.

Emzimbeni, izimpaphe ezihlelwe ngemigqa emibili mhlophe, ngaphakathi kwamaphiko emaphethelweni, imigqa emibili imnyama. Imilenze mide, ipinki. Bangabasizi abahle kakhulu beCribe yaseSiberia ezindaweni ezimanzi: bayakuvumela ukuba uwele ngaphezulu kwama-hummock ku-quagmire ebonakalayo.

Ekuqaleni, amehlo amachwane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese ethola umbala ophuzi. I-crane emhlophe (iSyerian Crane) ihlala iminyaka engaba ngamashumi ayisikhombisa, ngaphandle kokwenza izingxenyana zayo.

Habitat

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-crane zalolu hlobo. Umuntu uhlala esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk, kanti owesibili - endaweni yase Yamal-Nenets okrug. Le nyoni eqaphe kakhulu - iSiberia Crane. I-crane emhlophe, echaza kafushane enikezwe esihlokweni, izama ngazo zonke izindlela ukugwema ukuhlangana nabantu, futhi lokhu akusizi ngalutho: phela, abazingeli bezindawo eziningi bazizwa bengakhokhelwa.

Uma inyoni ibona umuntu, izoshiya isidleke. USterkh akakwazi ukulahla hhayi kuphela ama-clutch, kodwa futhi namachwane asebanjiwe kakade. Ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukuphazamisa izinyoni ngalesi sikhathi. I-crane emhlophe (i-Crane yaseSiberia), efuya kuphela eRussia, ingabusika e-Azerbaijan nase India, Afghanistan naseMongolia, China nasePakistan. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, ojantshi babuyela ezweni lakubo.

E-Yakutia, i-Crane yaseSiberia ihambela ezindaweni ezikude ze-tundra bese ikhetha amaxhaphozi angamaxhaphozi namahlathi angenakungeneka ukuze abekwe kuwo. Lapha uhlala kuze kufuduke ebusika.

Incwadi Ebomvu YaseRussia: I-White Crane (Crane yaseSiberia)

ISterkh iyinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emndenini wayo. Kuholela ikakhulu indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, okwenza kube nzima ukusindisa le nhlobo ekuqothulweni. Manje isibalo sabantu baseYakut asidluli abantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu. KumaNtshonalanga WaseSiberia waseSiberia, lesi simo sibucayi: abekho abantu abangaphezu kwamashumi amabili abasele.

Ngokubukhali, ukuvikelwa kokhokho abamhlophe kwabhekwana nayo ngonyaka we-1970. Kudalwe izindlu zokugcina izingane eziningi lapho ama-ornithologists akhula khona lezi zinyoni ezivela emaqanda. Zifundisa amachwane ukundiza amabanga amade. Noma kunjalo, usongo luhlala lokuthi i-crane emhlophe (iSyerian Crane) izonyamalala ngokuphelele. INcwadi Ebomvu (yamazwe omhlaba) nayo yagcwalisa uhlu lwayo ngalezi zinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela. Ukuzingela lezi zinyoni kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.

Ithemba lokuzalwa kabusha

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-90 leminyaka lokugcina, sekukhululwe imikhova emhlophe engaphezu kwekhulu emikhakheni enkulisa. Ngeshwa, amachwane anjalo awatawi kahle (akukho ngaphezu kwama-20%). Isizathu sokwehla kwesibalo esiphezulu sokushona kwabantu ukungabikhona kokuqondisa kokuzulazula, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwendiza, okunikezwa ngabazali ku-vivo.

Le nkinga yazama ukukulungiswa ososayensi baseMelika. Baqala isilingo, umnyombo waso okwakuwukuqhuba amachwane emzileni besebenzisa izikebhe ze-motor hang. E-Russia, athuthukise uhlelo olufanayo, olwalubizwa nge- "Flight of Hope."

Kwakhiwa ama-motor glacks amahlanu ngonyaka ka-2006, ngosizo lwawo ama-Cranes aseSiberia asencane athathwa ngendlela ende ukusuka e-Yamal aya e-Uzbekistan, lapho kuhlala khona ojantshi be-grey, kwathi ama-Cranes waseSiberia ahamba nabo ebusika. Ngo-2012, uMongameli V. Putin wabamba iqhaza ohlelweni olunje. Kepha ngasizathu simbe, kulokhu imifula engwevu ayizange ivume ama-Cranes aseSiberia, futhi ama-ornithologists ayaphoqelelwa ukuletha amachwane ayisikhombisa eLizzersky Reserve eTyumen.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• ENdiya, i-Crane yaseSiberia ibizwa ngokuthi inyoni yomnduze. U-Indira Gandhi wakhipha isimemezelo (1981), ngokusho ukuthi ipaki yaseKeoladeo yadalwa endaweni yasebusika yojantshi abamhlophe, lapho kubuswa khona umbuso onamandla kunayo yonke futhi kwenziwa izimo ezinhle zokuvikela lezi zinyoni ezinhle kakhulu.
• I-White crane (iSyerian Crane) inqoba indlela ende kunazo zonke, uma uyiqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo zemikhreyidi: amakhilomitha angaphezu kwezinhlanu nesigamu. Kabili ngonyaka, la makhilogremu andiza emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye.
• E-Dagestan, indawo lapho ama-Cranes aseSiberia anqamula khona ngesikhathi sokufuduka, kuye kwavela insumansumane enhle yokuthi ama-Cranes aseSiberia yimiphefumulo yamasosha awileyo. Le nganekwane yasungula isisekelo sengoma edumile, amagama ayo abhalwa nguRasul Gamzatov.
• Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ama-cranes amhlophe alala ngaphezulu kwamahora amabili ngosuku.
• Kubantu baseMansi nabase Khanty, umqhele omhlophe yinyoni engcwele, umjaho wesizwe, umlingiswa obaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imicikilisho.
• I-Khanty ayisoze yahlupha i-Siberian Crane: kukhona ukungahambisani okungabhaliwe lapho uhambela lezo zindawo lapho izidleke zemvelo zimhlophe khona entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
• Izazi zezinzwa zibheka indlela “yabazali bokutholwa” nokukhulisa izilwane ezincane kule ndawo njengezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuzalela lezi zinyoni. Esimweni sokuqala, amaqanda emi-cranes emhlophe angabekwa izidleke zamakhreyidi angwevu. Okwesibili, amaphuphu akhuliswa endaweni yokubekelwa indawo, yedwa ngaphandle kokuxhumana nabantu. Ngemuva kwalokho badedelwa kumakhekhe asendle amadala.

I-Ornithologists iyaqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi okuhloswe ngayo ukugcina le nyoni enhle kangaka. Siyethemba ukuthi i-crane emhlophe (iSyerian Crane), incazelo esethule kulesi sihloko, izogcinwa kanti inyoni enhle izosijabulisa ngokubukeka kwayo isikhathi eside.