Ngazi kanjani
Osayizi bakhulu kunabo bonke phakathi kwezinduna zaseMadagascar. Ubude bomzimba 568-698 mm (isilinganiso esingu-607, n = 10). Ubude Tail 51-65 mm (ngokwesilinganiso 56/7 = 10). Isisindo sesimo esisodwa singama-6.2 kg. I-vsegobesenopodobny yangaphandle. Inhloko is babanjwa enobuso kancane side, elingenalo izinwele.
Amehlo makhulu. Izindlebe zikhulu, zimbozwe izinwele. Izingalo ziyaphakanyiswa, imilenze yangemuva icishe ibe yinde kunangaphambili. Umunwe wokuqala forelimb iDemo nabanye eziphikisayo.
Emilenzeni asemuva, umunwe wokuqala mkhulu kakhulu futhi umelana ngokuqinile neminye iminwe emine, ehlanganiswa ngaphansi kwesikhumba esivamile. Iminwe ifakwe izinzipho.
Izinwele ngemuva okusezingeni eliphezulu, obukhulu, abushelelezi, esiswini sifushane. Umbala womzimba ngemibala ehlukahlukene grey, nsundu nomnyama ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kubantu abahlukile. Amanye amnyama ngokuphelele, amanye acishe abe mhlophe.
Shona, izindlebe, emhlane nasemilenzeni phambi ngokuvamile omnyama. Kukhona izixhumi zezinwele ezindlebeni. Indawo enkulu emhlophe, evame ukumboza izingxenye ezingenhla zomlenze wasemuva, imvamisa ibekwe ngemuva kwesifufula. sikhwama Kukhona guttural, esebenza njengesikhali elalinembobo
Lapho kuhlala khona
Sisatshalaliswe esifundeni semvula esisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMadagascar, phakathi kwe-Antonjil Bay enyakatho noMfula iMasora eningizimu nomngcele wehlathi osentabeni ophahleni lwasentshonalanga. Le ndawo ngokushesha incipha.
Amahlathi emvula athambile ahlala kusuka olwandle aze afike ku-1800 m ngaphezu kwezinga lakhona. Imvamisa kuphethwe amaqembu emindeni abantu abangama-3-5. Ziyakwazi ninodwa arboreal
Indlela Yokuphila Nebhayoloji
Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku. Imvamisa bakhala kakhulu. Zidla on amaqabunga, izithelo nezimbali. Eqenjini lomndeni, kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Ubuningi buphansi yonke indawo - ezindaweni ezifanele kakhulu zempilo ye-indri, cishe abantu abathathu mahektha ayi-100. Female uthela eyodwa ithole ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa izinyanga ezi-5 noma ezi-6.
Izinhlobo: Indri emfishane ye-Indri - Indri indri Gmelin, 1788
Black dlala iDemo-tailed izimpilo indri eziqongweni ezihlahleni ezinde ogwini olusempumalanga yeMadagascar ehlathini lemvula lase-sezintaba, etholakala endaweni engamamitha kuze kube 1,500 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngenxa yemisipha efana nenja nezwi elikhulu njengokukhonkotha kwenja, abomdabu baseMadagascar (Malgash) babizwa izinja zasehlathini ze-indri.
I-indri emfushane-enomsila mncane iyindilinga yenkawu enkulu, umbala woboya obuthambile, obukhulu futhi obuthukile, uhluka kakhulu futhi kuyenzeka: onsundu, omnyama, obomvu, ophuzi noma omhlophe, kepha umbala omnyama nomhlophe uyabonakala. Umzimba ubude 70 cm futhi inesisindo indri 6-7, akuvamile abafika kwabangu-10 kg. Isisindo somzimba sowesifazane esidala singamakhilogremu ayi-6,8 kanti owesilisa osemdala ungama-5.8 kilos
Ikhanda liyindilinga, limnyama ngombala, isizalo sithambile, asinazinwele. Amadlebe zinkulu, ne tufts abamnyama izinwele, amehlo inkulu kakhulu, aphuzi ansundu.
Izimbambo zinde, umsila mfushane kakhulu, ubude bawo akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwama-3-4 cm.Umunwe wokuqala emilenzeni yangaphambili umfishane futhi uqhathaniswa neminye emine. Ukusuka okhalweni olungaphambili kuya ezinhlangothini eceleni komphetho wangaphandle womzimba, u-indri welula isibaya sesikhumba.
Black indri iDemo-tailed kukhona kuphela diurnal futhi arboreal, futhi okusikhumbuza ukuziphatha gibbon anezintende.
Babambe imiqhele yesihlahla sehlathi, imvamisa endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10. Izihlahla ze-Indri zikhuphuka, zihlangana kancane kancane namagatsha, ngokufana nangawo wonke ama-paws: ngaphambili nangemuva. Imilenze yabo enamandla cishe cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kunezingalo zabo, ngakho-ke i-Indri ingahamba idabula phakathi kwethango ngokuhambisana nokusekelwa okumi endaweni ethe nkqo futhi iyakwazi ukukwazi ukuxhuma cishe kuze kube ngokuqondile kusuka esihlahleni kwesinye kuya kumamitha ayi-10. Indri lula ukugibela ipotimende isihlahla, kodwa ngezansi nje phansi umsila.
I-Black Short-tailed Indri - izilwane zenhlalo ezihlala emindenini. Emndenini wabantu ababodwa abangama-2-4, okuvamisile ukuthi kube ngu-6. Owesifazane ovelele uhlala ehola eqenjini, futhi kukhiqizwa isilwane esisodwa kuphela.
Lolu hlobo kuba indawo kakhulu, kodwa kukhona endaweni encane ukugqagqana izingxenye amaqembu aseduzane omndeni. Imvamisa phakathi nosuku iqembu lidlula esifundeni sendawo yalo lisuka kumamitha ayi-300 kuye kwangama-700, futhi indawo yendawo ifinyelela cishe kumahektha ayi-18. Ukuvikela izwe kungumsebenzi wabesilisa abadala. Bona iphawule indawo ngosizo umchamo futhi uketshezi yakhe uketshezi of nezindlala ekhethekile etholakala ngobuso babo. Amaqembu abeka omaki bawo bokuzenzela ezindaweni ezinomngcele kundawo yabo.
Iqembu lonke livikela indawo yalo lisebenzisa "ukulwa" ngezwi. The main ingoma indawo wenziwa bonke angaphakanyiswa phezu kwendawo yakwa iqembu, kodwa elikhulu kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kuzwakala - kusukela phezulu ezihlahleni.
Le ngoma yenziwa ngawo wonke amalungu eqembu, kepha owesilisa osekhulile uvame ukuqala acule ngaphambi kwamanye amalungu eqembu, “alidonse” isikhathi eside futhi alikhiphe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abasha babamba iqhaza kuphela kumasekhondi okuqala engoma, bekhipha ukubabaza okungafani nalutho, abantu abadala abaneminyaka eyisithupha (abaneminyaka engu-3-6) babamba iqhaza engomeni kuze kube sekupheleni kwengxenye yabo yokuqala. Lapho isiphelile ingoma Bahlabelela njengeqembu, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa izithombe ezinemibala ezazihambisana nekhasethi iphimbo. Ingoma ngokwayo ihlala kumasekhondi angama-60 kuye kwangama-150 futhi iqukethe izikhala zokulandelana okulandelanayo noma okokushintshana okuhlukahluka imvamisa kusuka ku-500 kuye ku-6000 hertz Izwi elikhulu lalezi zilwane libangelwa ukuba khona kwesikhwama somphimbo esise ngemuva kwe-trachea. Siyabonga kuye, ingoma esabekayo kepha enhle Indra, ungezwakala ezingaphezu kuka-2 km.
Le kholi ihlukaniswa umlingisi wokuzwakala phakathi kwemindeni ehlukene, ukuze iqembu ngalinye livame ukukhonjwa kalula ngengoma yalo ebalingisi. Imvamisa iqembu elenza ngayo le kholi incike kwisizini, isimo sezulu kanye nokusondela kwamaqembu aseduze. Uma kukhona imvula, Indra ukushicilela ingoma kancane kaningi, kodwa lokhu offset ngokuhlabelela njalo phakathi nezinsuku lapho kukhona okuhle sezulu ecacile.
Lapho ukucula kwenziwa ekuseni, ingoma ivame ukusebenzela ukwazisa amanye amaqembu ngendawo akuyo njengamanje. Ingoma enjalo, njengomthetho, igqugquzela iqembu elingumakhelwane ukuthi licule emuva bese kuzwakala amakheli amaqembu amabili noma ngaphezulu asemngceleni. Indima ingoma njengoba wokuxhumana ukuvikela insimu, esetshenziswa amalungu ehlukaniswe iqembu ubunye okwesikhashana, futhi iyimpendulo bangabonwa zasemoyeni ezizingelayo, izindiza nangokuduma. Kungenzeka ukuthi le nselelo futhi yazisa ngesimo sokuzala samalungu eqembu.
Abanye abesilisa abangashadile kwesinye isikhathi bayayishaya indiva imingcele yendawo futhi bahambe ngokukhululeka kuyo yonke insimu yamaqembu ahlukahlukene. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuziphatha lihlotshaniswa ucinge abangaki azibandakanya nabo kwezocansi ukwakha iqembu nemindeni yabo.
I-Indri ilala ezihlahleni, isukela ukuphakama kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-100 amamitha, ngenkathi iqembu linganwebeka kule nsimu libanga elingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100. Imvamisa zilala kusekela oluvundlile. Uma silele, ngezinye izikhathi igcinwe nemilenze kube phansi kwamagatsha kanye ekhanda njalo ummango phakathi kwamadolo akhe. Kwesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukulala abantu ababili ndawonye, kepha kungabi ngaphezu kwababili. Amawundlu ama-Indri, aze afike onyakeni wawo wesibili wokuphila, alale nonina, bese kuthi ngemuva kwalokho isilwane esisesincane kunazo zonke eqenjini sivame ukulala nowesilisa wesilisa (ubaba) weqembu. Abesifazane ngesikhathi sokulala musa ukubekezelela kukhona owesilisa eduze futhi ukuhlasela kwakhe uma esondela ku ibangana.
Amalungu aleli qembu ngokushesha nje evukile, elula, bese eqala ukudla ukudla okusondele kakhulu nokufinyeleleka kakhulu, imvamisa esihlahleni lapho alala khona. Ngemuva kwalokho amalungu eqembu achama futhi ahlanze amathumbu abo ngokuvumelanisa, imvamisa emi ekusekelweni okukodwa. Khona-ke beqala futhi okuphakelayo kunokuvamile futhi njalo wahlanganyela ingxenye enkulu yosuku, kusukela 30 kuya ku-60% we umsebenzi ngesikhathi indri lihlotshaniswa ziklabile. Kepha lapho endaweni eyodwa kungekho mthombo wezakhi ohlanganisiwe, iqembu lihlakazeka endaweni ezungezile.
Ama-Indri adla kakhulu ngamaqabunga, kanye nezithelo, amantongomane, amahlumela wezitshalo ezinamahlahla nezimbali. Lolu hlobo isixubho has ifomula 2: 1: 3: 3.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eMantady National Park, iningi lokudla kwe-indri laliqukethe amahlumela angakafiki. Umsoco usungulwe ngezinhlobo ezingama-63 zezitshalo ezivela emindenini engama-39 nemindeni engama-19: (I-Bronchoneura sp.) I-Rara, Menahihy (Campylospermum sp.), Voapaka (Uapaca sp.), Hazinina (Symphonia sp.), Molopangady (Alberta sp.), Zanamalotra (Dialium sp), tarantana (Rhus tarantana), Mampay (Cynometra sp), Sadodok'ala (Gaertnera sp), kanye Ramy (Canarium madagascariensis) -... inqolobane yemvelo Betampona. E-Anjanaharibe-Sud Indri, ingxenye enkulu, kudla izithelo ezivuthiwe zeVongomena (Symphonia sp.), Vahamivohotra, Vongo (Symphonia clusoides), amahlumela eTavolo (Ravensara madagascariensis), kanye neziqalo zeTafonana (Mespilodaphne faucheri), kepha izitshalo ezivela eGauta yomndeni. umsoco oyinhloko.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abesilisa uqede izithelo ngaphezulu, kuyilapho izinsikazi ukudla amahlumela amasha kakhudlwana. Abesilisa nabo bondla isikhathi esifushane futhi badla ukudla kancane kunokuya kwabantu besifazane abadala kanye nenzalo yabo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izilwane zidonsa amahlumela namaqabunga esihlahleni ngezandla, kodwa isikhathi esiningi bathatha izithelo emlonyeni bese bezihambisa ngesandla.
ukuziphatha komphakathi ngesimo nokuzilungisa umlingani, ukudlala ngokuziphatha okunonya futhi ngokocansi uthatha kuphela mayelana 2% (imizuzu 6-13) imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke. Umdlalo wezenhlalo ezimweni eziningi wabonwa phakathi kwabantu abasha futhi wawubandakanya: umzabalazo, ukubanjwa kweziqubu nokuxabana okudlayo. Imizabalazo yokudlala phakathi kwentsha ingahlala kusuka kumasekhondi ambalwa iye emizuzwini eyi-15 futhi ibonwa ezinyangeni zasehlobo (ukusuka ngoDisemba kuze kube uMashi).
zokuxhumana Vocal Indra eyethulwe anhlobonhlobo amasignali izwi. Isibonelo, i-Indri izokhonkotha lapho ibhekene nengozi noma yenze imisindo “yokuqabula” eyinqayizivele lapho iveza ubumnene. Ukukhonkotha okuphezulu kuqala ngaphambi kwengoma futhi kushicilelwa ngawo wonke amalungu eqembu. Libuye libe yisixwayiso phezu ukuthola umoya uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi. I-Wheelinging izwakala lapho umuntu esaba kakhulu noma ebambe ongezansi. I-Indri ine-grunt elula, ekhishwa lapho umuntu ethukile noma egcwele okuthile, futhi eminye imisindo ifana nokukhala kwabantu okuthusayo.
Ukuhlanza noboya yabo noboya nomunye sekugcineni indri yokudla ngaphambi kokuthi ufike ubuthongo kuze kube sekuseni. Ntambama, ngezinye izikhathi bayaphumula endaweni yokuhlala, endaweni efanayo futhi balale. I-Indri, njengama-sifaks, ihamba elangeni elifudumele, imvamisa igcina imilenze yangaphambili phambi kwabo, sengathi yelulele ilanga. Ngakho-ke, kunezilwane abomdabu saseMadagascar Sifaka futhi Indri cabanga izilwane engcwele, akhulekela ilanga, futhi ungalokothi ayobazingela kuzo.
I-Indri nayo ingahamba phansi: igxuma emilenzeni yazo yangasemuva, iphakamisa imilenze yangaphambili ngaphezulu kwamakhanda ayo ukuze ibhalansi.
Okuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngokusakazwa kwe-indri. Indri abanamathela ubuhlobo monogamous. Ukuhlangana kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kukaDisemba noMashi. Owesilisa, ngenkathi ehambisa owesimame alungele ukuthamba, uyamhlwitha ngokucophelela futhi akhaze izitho zangasese zowesifazane ngaphambi kokuzala.Mating indri imvamisa yenzeka egatsheni endaweni yokulengiswa. Kulesi simo, insikazi ilenga ngaphansi kwegatsha elinemilenze ehlukanisiwe, futhi ukukhula kwayo kwenzeka esimweni se-ventro-esiswini
Ukuzalwa kwenzeka ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi, futhi kamuva, kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku eziyi-120 kuye kwezingu-150. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, amawundlu asevele enamazinyo ambalwa, futhi amehlo awo avulekile. Izinsana zinombala wesikhumba esimnyama ngokuphelele enezindawo ezimhlophe (ingxenye engezansi yesifunda se-dorsal, izinhlangothi zezingalo, amashiya, umphimbo kanye nebunzi).
Kuqala, insikazi yase-Indri yensikazi igqoka isuka phansi esiswini sayo, kepha lapho ingane isinezinyanga ezi-4 ubudala, isuka iye emuva kwayo. Izinsikazi zinezimbambo zamabele eyodwa. Ukuncelisa ibele kuphele ngonyaka owodwa.
I-Indri encane iba namandla okunyakaza okuzimele inezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, kepha ihlala isondelene nonina isikhathi esingangonyaka futhi basalokhu besondelana kakhulu. Eminyakeni yonyaka owodwa, i-Indri encane ikhombisa ukuziphatha okuhlelekile kwemoto futhi isivele ikwazi ukubala izindlela ezifanele.
Ngonyaka owodwa, insikazi izala ikonyana elilodwa, elihlala nonina isikhathi eside, kuze kufike isikhathi sokuvela kokungcola okulandelayo, futhi azizali minyaka yonke, kodwa njalo ngeminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3.
Abantu abasebasha abavuthiwe baphila impilo eyedwa ngaphambi kokudala owabo umndeni.
Isikhathi esiphakeme se-indri emvelweni siyiminyaka engama-20-25. Imininingwane yezilwane ezihlaselayo zase-Indri cishe ayikho, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi izinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane, kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezinkudlwana zingazidlalela.
Isitha esikhulu se-Indri singumuntu ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala (ukugawula uphethiloli kanye nokuhlala komhlaba ophelile wezolimo) nokukhathazeka njalo. Kuthiwa ezinye izizwe zaseMadagascar zabamba ama-indri amafushane futhi zaqeqesha njengezinja ukuzingela.
Imvamisa i-indri ayishushiswa ngabantu bendawo ngenxa ye-taboo ("fady"). Kodwa-ke, kunemibiko yabafuduki abavela kwamanye amaqembu ezizwe abazingela lezi zilwane. Kwaqubuka ihlazo elincane ngonyaka we-1984, ngesikhathi kuvela ukuthi, izisebenzi eziningi zaseChina zakha umgwaqo osuka e-Antananarivo usiya eTamatawa wathenga i-indri yenyama, njengezibiliboco.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s, ama-indri ayesejwayelekile kangangokuba omunye wabahambi wabika ukuthi akekho umuntu owayefika evela eTamatawa aye e-Antanarivo ukuze angavami ukuzwa ukukhala kwabo. Ngo-1960, ubuningi be-Indri base buncipha ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi. I-Indri inamandla aphansi kakhulu okuzala futhi okwamanje inani labo lincane kakhulu, le ndawo ihlukene phakathi, futhi iningi lezindawo zemvelo liyachithwa futhi lilahlekile, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zohlu zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu. Ngaphandle komzamo wokuzivikela, i-indri iyizinhlobo ezisengozini enkulu futhi ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi cishe izonyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba phakathi neminyaka eyikhulu ezayo uma imizamo yokulondoloza leyo nhlobo ingaphumelelanga.
I-Black Short-tailed Indri ine-subspecies ezimbili ezihlukile kumbala wesikhumba:
I-Indri indri indri: abantu balesi sikhala sabantu abamnyama kakhulu ngobuso obumhlophe nobubanzi.
I-Indri indri mosagatus: lokhu okubhaliselwe kunesimbozo se-occipital nekhola emhlophe. Izinhlangothi ezingaphandle zemilenze nezingalo eziphansi zingwephuzi noma zimhlophe ngombala.
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