Igama lesi Latin: | U-Anthus trivialis |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Passerines |
Umndeni: | I-Wagtail |
Ngokwengeziwe: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Imidlana emincane nemincane. Ugijimela emhlabathini, aqonde phakathi kotshani. Othukile uhlala esihlahleni esiseduze, ahamba egatsheni, athungathe umsila wakhe bese ehla. Imvamisa kuhlala ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Uqhwaku lukhulu. Imilenze iyinyama-pink, uzipho lomunwe wangemuva lugobile, lifushane (lifushane kunomunwe uqobo noma lilingana ngobude). Ubude bomzimba 16-16 cm, amaphiko ama-26-30 cm, isisindo 19- 26 g.
Incazelo. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lwezinyoni ezimpukweni zomshado ezibiyelwe luwumpunga ompunga, onemisipha emide ngombala omnyama, ongekho ngemuva emuva kuphela. Ezimpapheni ezingaphezulu zesembozo somsila, imichilo emfushane emnyama. Ngaphansi kumhlophe, kukhona i-ocher tinge kanye nezimashi ezimnyama ezinde, zibanzi esifubeni futhi zincane emaceleni omzimba. Ukufiphala, ishiya elikhanyayo libonakala ngenhla kweso. Umbala oyinhloko wamaphiko nezimpaphe zomsila onsundu. Eziqongweni zamaphiko zimboza umngcele omhlophe ohlukile ongcolile ovezwayo. Kwenziwa mhlophe. Ingxenye yangaphandle ehlanganisiwe nengxenye ebonakalayo yangaphakathi ehlanganisiwe ngokweqile kwezimpaphe zomsila imhlophe. Izimbotshana zesibili zezimpaphe zomsila eziqongweni zama-webs angaphakathi nazo zibhalwe mhlophe. Ezimpaphe ezintsha, amantombazane okuqala nezinyoni ezindala anombala ofanayo, ngokuvamile anele futhi akhanya kakhulu kunangesikhathi sokudalwa. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lwezinyoni luyisihlahla somnqumo esikhanyayo noma somnqumo, esinemifantu eshayekile. Amaphethelo ekhanda, i-goiter, isifuba, izindonga zesisu nezihloko zezembozo zephiko nge-ocher plaque yamandla ahlukahlukene.
Izingubo zentsha ezincanyana zihlukaniswa ngeziqongo ezibomvana ezibomvana, ezivamile esifundeni esinenqwaba nangase-hypochondrium, kanye nasezinhlangeni ezincane eziningi ohlangothini olungezansi lomzimba. Ihluke kwilog yehlathi ngendlela ecwebezelayo yomzimba kanye nomsila omude kakhulu onezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezihola ngokweqile. Ngokungafani nesiketi esibonakalayo, imichilo ihlala ibonakala kahle emhlane, ishiya elikhanyayo alivezwiswanga kahle, akukho umbala osobala we-olive oluluhlaza ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba. Ihluka emgqeni onamakhanda ngombala olula futhi ofana ngaphezulu, phezulu umzimba, ukugoba okucijile futhi okufushane komunwe wangemuva, umlomo onobukhulu obukhulu, futhi futhi umehluko obonakalayo wemoto enkulu, ebizwayo esifubeni enezinhlamvu ezincane ezimincane ezinhlangothini zesisu.
Vota. Izingcingo "tit tit», «psiit psiit"noma"cit". Ukucula ngendiza noma ukuhlala esihlahleni. Indiza yamanje ngengoma ehuquzayo iqala ngokususa kokunamathiselwe (isihlahla noma ngaphezulu kwesihlahla) kukhuphuke i-arc emaweni. Lapho-ke owesilisa uhlela ukwendlala ngamaphiko ngesimo sengoma ethi "tsia-tsia-tsia».
Ukusatshalaliswa, isimo. Ububanzi be-Nesting buhlanganisa i-Eurasia ukusuka entshonalanga yayo iye esifundeni eseningizimu yeYakutia. Ngaseningizimu, isakazekela eMedithera, enyakatho yeTurkey, eTranscaucasia, enyakatho ne-Iran, iTien Shan, iNtshonalanga Himalayas nasenyakatho neMongolia. Ihlala ikakhulukazi esifundeni sehlathi, ihlathi lesitebhisi kanye nezintaba. Ubusika ikakhulukazi e-Afrika naseNdiya. Okujwayelekile, ezindaweni ezinhlobonhlobo zohlobo olufudukayo, kusakazeke cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Ogwini lolwandle olumnyama lweCaucasus eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaqalwa ebusika.
Indlela yokuphila. Ifika engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Kuhlala emaphethelweni amahlathi, ukugcwala kokuwa nokushiswa, nokugobhoza komhlaba. Ngokungafani nezinye izikebhe, ichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni. Ukulwa ngamabili ngabodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ngesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu. Isidleke sitholakala emhlabathini, endaweni evulekile phakathi kotshani, imvamisa kude kude nezihlahla nezihlahla. Lesi sidleke sakhiwa kusuka kufushane obomile botshani, izimpande zamahhashi kanye nama-moss. Ku-clutch kuvame amaqanda ayi-4-6. Umbala wamaqanda wehluke kakhulu, kusuka kumhlophe nge-fawn ekhanyayo namachashazi amancanyana kuya kokhanyayo onsomi, onsomi onsomi noma ompunga, onephethini ngesimo sokuqaqamba, amachashazi, amabala okwehluka okuhlukile nobukhali bensundu, mpunga, onsomi kanye no-brown (kuya cishe kumnyama) imibala. Amachwane ambozwe nge-fluff ende emnyama engwevu, imbobo yomlomo iwolintshi noma ibomvu, imilomo ingphuzi okhanyayo.
Idla ikakhulu izinambuzane, okuvame kakhulu emithini eqoqayo emhlabathini. Ekwindla, inyamalala kumasayithi esidleke phakathi kukaSepthemba, akuvamile ukubambezeleka kuze kube ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Izimpukane ngemihlambi emincane noma ngokucula.
Ihhashi le-Meadow
(Anthus pratensis). I-oda ungondlunkulu, inqola yomndeni. Indawo yokuhlala kwale nyoni yiYurophu. Ubude bomzimba ongu-16 cm. Isisindo esingu-17 amagremu.
Le nyoni ingubukhulu bukondlunkulu, kepha inciphile, ibimibala ngombala ngemisipha, ukundiza kwegquma akuhlukani, iphimbo lithi "it-it-it". Kukhona izinyoni ezimanzi ezinomswakama oswakeme, obhukuda kanye nokushiswa kwamahlathi, lapho zinika khona ubukhona bazo ngezindiza zamanje nokucula okucula ngabalingisi.
Owesilisa okwamanje uyandiza esuka eqhugwaneni futhi, lapho esechaze i-arc eshisayo futhi ecula ingoma yakhe emoyeni, ubuyela endaweni yayo yakudala.
Ama-skates anele ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesiphansi kwe-Europe, Asia, North Africa kanye neMelika. I-ridge yasezintabeni ingatholakala nasendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-3,000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ebusika, izikebhe zeqhwa zindiza esifundeni esifudumele seSouthern Europe, Southeast Asia naseNyakatho Afrika. Isikhathi esiningi izinyoni zichitha emhlabathini, zigijimisa ngokushesha futhi zingenamuntu otshanini noma phakathi kotshani, zizingela izinambuzane ezincane ezakha ukudla kwazo. Izinduna nazo zihlelelwa emhlabathini, ziluka ezilinganiselweni zotshani noma kusetshenziswe indenti yemvelo yalokhu. Ubumbano buneqanda ama-4-6 grey noma amaqanda aluhlaza okotshani abusayizi ophakathi kuka-18.42 ngu-14.49 mm, afakwe imigqa emnyama, kwesinye isikhathi kube nemashi emibili ngonyaka. Izinsikazi zifukamela ukugqokwa kwezinsuku eziyi-13, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke, engazi ukuthi angandiza kanjani. Izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zidla phambili ekudleni komugqa - amabhungane amaqabunga, izimpukane, izimpukane zasentwasahlobo, kanye nomiyane abade. Bobabili abazali bondla amachwane, benza amakhulu amaningana okudla ngosuku.
ISteppe ihhashi
Ihhashi elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu lifinyelela ku-21 cm ubude.Ngemuva lesikebhe se-steppe sine-brownish, enemisuka emnyama emide. Umphimbo nezinhlangothi kukhona beige noma brownish. Imisinga emnyama iyabonakala emqaleni. Isisu simhlophe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye iziketi, kubukeka ngathi kunomsila omude futhi kunemilenze emisha. Ubusika e-Asia, bandiza esifundeni esishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo yezwekazi. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye encane yezakhamizi indizela entshonalanga, ifinyelela eNtshonalanga naseCentral Europe. Isizathu salokhu kufuduka okungajwayelekile kusengenye yezimfihlakalo ze-ornithology.
E-Russia, uhla lwe-steppe ridling lufinyelela eningizimu yeSiberia empumalanga lufika oLwandle iPacific. Ihhashi lokutholwa litholakala esifundeni sase-East Asia. Isidleke simbiwa phansi, emgodini okuholela kuwo imvamisa amaqanda ama-4 noma ama-5.
Ihhashi elichithiwe
Ihhashi elinezinwele liyafana nehhashi lasehlathini, kepha lihlukile kulo ngombala weplamu. Umbala wangemuva uvame ukuba nsundu ngombala walesi sizinda, amachashaza ansundu ayabonakala. Imigqa emnyama esifubeni nasezinhlangothini. Ihluke ngesikebhe esikhulukazi kanye nesikebhe saseSiberia ngesikhafu esifushane somunwe wangemuva. Ukudla kwehlukene - kufaka izinambuzane, utshani, imbewu. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izikejana ezinamabala zitholakala emahlathini asezintabeni nasezintabeni, futhi zihlala ngasogwini lomfula. Ziyakwazi ukubonakala kokubhukuda okwama-mossy naseTundra yasezintabeni. Ngokubusika, lezi skates zindizela eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeJapan, eNdiya naseCeylon. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka bayabonakala eMyanmar, eningizimu yeChina nase-Indochina. Ingoma ifana nehhashi lasehlathini, kodwa izwakala kakhulu.
E-Russia, ububanzi buqala ukusuka ePechora naseTomsk empumalanga kuya eziKuril Islands nase-Commander Islands. I-Nest - imbobo emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesembozo sotshani namatshe, ku-clutch kusuka kumaqanda ama-3 ansundu ansundu.