1. Izindlovu ziyizihlobo eziseduzane zezilwane ezincelisayo manje.

2. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zalezi zilwane ezihlukile: indlovu yaseNdiya, i-savannah yase-Afrika kanye nehlathi lase-Afrika. Phambilini bekukhona izinhlobo ezingama-40.

3. Indlovu yase-Afrika yaziwa ngokuthi isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke esihlala eMhlabeni.

4. Indlovu enkulu kunazo zonke ezake yaziwa kwakuyindlovu eyindoda yase-Afrika, eyabulawa e-Angola ngo-1974, inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-12,240.

5. Isisindo somzimba walezi zilwane cishe ngamathani ayi-5, futhi ubude bomzimba buyi-6-7 metres.

6. Izindlovu azithathwa njengezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kakhulu eMhlabeni, kepha futhi zingenye yezilwane ezixhumana kakhulu: indlovu ayikwazi ukuhlala yodwa, idinga ukuxhumana nezihlobo zayo.

7. Izindlovu ziyizilwane ezimangazayo, okuthi, njengoba ososayensi bezisungule, zizalwa ekuziqapheliseni kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwemizwa ehlukile nemizwa efanayo nemizwa yabantu. Lezi zilwane zidabukile uma kukhona okungahambi kahle emhlambini wazo futhi zijabule, ngokwesibonelo, uma kuzalwa ithole lendlovu. Izindlovu ziyakwazi nokumamatheka.

Izindlovu zinenkumbulo enhle kakhulu. Babona izihlobo zabo nabafowabo ngisho nangemva kokuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ziphindiselela futhi zingaphindiselwa kwizikhalazo zazo ngisho nangemva kwamashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, bakhumbula kahle abashisekeli babo, futhi abasoze bakhohlwa umusa wabo.

9. Emhlabeni kukhona kuze kube yisigamu sezindlovu zase-Afrika, ezingaba yisikhathi esingaphansi kweshumi.

10. Kulelikhulu leminyaka lelisendlulile, ubude lobuphakathi bezindlovu e-Afrika naseNdiya bunqanyuliwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abameleli abakhulu kunabo bonke baba yizisulu zabazingeli, futhi ubude bama-tusks buwuphawu oluzuzwe njengezakhi zofuzo.

11. Izindlovu ziyizilwane ezinkulu futhi ezihlakaniphe kakhulu; kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo bake bakhonza umuntu ngezinhloso zokuthula nezempi.

12. Izinkomo zezindlovu zihlala ziholwa ngabesifazane abadala nabanolwazi. Ukuguqulwa komholi kwenzeka kuphela ngokufa kwendlovu eyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane kuphela abaphila emihlambini, futhi abesilisa bakhetha ukuba khona ngokwehlukana.

13. Inganekwane yokuthi izindlovu zinamathuna ayo ahlukile, ososayensi bayichitha, ngemuva kokwenza uchungechunge lokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwalezi zivivinyo kwatholakala ukuthi izindlovu zihlonipha kakhulu izinsalela zezihlobo zazo: ziyawabona kalula amathambo ezizwe zakwazo inqwaba yamanye amathambo, azisoze zangena emathanjeni endlovu efile, futhi izozama nokuzihambisa eceleni ukuze zingaholi. namanye amalungu omhlambi weza.

14. Esiqwini sesiqu somthi singakwazi ukuhlangana kuze kube amalitha ayisishiyagalombili amanzi. Isiqu saso sinama-receptor angaphezu kwama-40,000, ngakho-ke izindlovu zinomqondo omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela.

15. Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwezinsikazi zezindlovu zaseNdiya ezivela kwabesilisa ukungabikho kwezidunu. Kwezinye izimo, zikhona, kodwa zihlala zingabonakali. Izinduna zabesilisa bezindlovu zaseNdiya zifinyelela amamitha ayihafu ubude.

Izindlovu ziyazazi futhi ziyaqonda ukubuka kwazo esibukweni, njengoba kunjalo nangamhlengethwa nezinhlobo ezithile zezinkawu.

Isisindo sendlovu emaphakathi singamathani ama-5, kepha bahamba buthule. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphele uma indlovu isondela kuwe ngokuthula ivela emuva. Into ekhona ukuthi iphakethe lonyawo lwendlovu lenzelwe ngendlela yokuthi ikwazi ukuphuma futhi linwebeke, lithathe isikhala esengeziwe njengoba udlulisa isikhala kulo: ake sithi ucwebe umcamelo wezimpaphe wedwa - kufane nezindlovu. Kungakho behamba ngamaswidi kalula.

18. Cishe zonke izilwane ziyakwazi ukugijima, okungukuthi, zihamba ngale ndlela, lapho umzimba wonke wezingxenyana ezithile zesibili usemoyeni ngokuphelele. Izindlovu, ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu, azikwazi ukuphakamisela imizimba yazo emoyeni futhi zigijime “ngesigamu”: imilenze yangaphambili inyakaza endaweni ephakeme, kanti imilenze yangemuva ibamba wonke umthwalo futhi ihlelwa kabusha njengokuthi ihamba ngokushesha. Kule ndlela, indlovu iyakwazi ukushesha ifike ku-40 km / h.

19. Izindlovu zihlala emhlanjini. Izindlovu zabesifazane zihlala emhlanjini wabantu abangu-10-15. Akhula amawundlu ndawonye futhi anakekelane: angaletha amanzi noma ukudla endlovu elimele futhi engakwazi ukunyakaza

. 20. Amawundlovu endlovu ahlala emhlambini aze afike eminyakeni eyi-12, khona-ke angahlala noma ahlukane futhi adale owawo umndeni.

21. Zonke izindlovu ezindala zilala zisukuma, zihlanganile futhi, uma kungenzeka, zincika komunye nomunye. Uma indlovu indala futhi inamazinyo amakhulu kakhulu, khona-ke iyibeka emthini noma esibayeni. 22. Indlovu ingashiya umhlambi wayo kuphela uma ifa noma ibanjwa ngabantu.

23. Izindlovu ezincane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingavuma ukuwela ohlangothini lwazo, okuyinto ezenza ngempumelelo, kepha ngasizathu simbe lomkhuba udlula nobudala bazo.

24. Amazinyo endlovu aguquka impilo yabo yonke izikhathi ezi-6. Amazinyo okugcina akhula eneminyaka engama-40.

25. Isikhathi sokuphila kwendlovu esiphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 nengama-70. Ngasikhathi sinye, amasenti eyikhulu ayaziwa phakathi kwezilwane ezithunjiwe. Indlovu endala endala egama linguLin Wang yaphila iminyaka engama-86 (1917-2003). Le ndlovu yasebenza ebuthweni laseChina futhi yalwa ngesikhathi seMpi yesiBili yamaSino-Japan (1937-1945), ngaleso sikhathi ekwakhiweni kwezigodlo, kwenziwa esisekelweni, kepha waphila impilo yakhe yonke eThaipei Zoo eTaiwan. U-Lin Wang wafakwa ohlwini lweGuinness Book of Record njengendlovu eyayihlala isikhathi eside ekudingisweni.

26. Izindlovu zibhukuda ezinkulu. Ibeka isiqu sayo emanzini, bayakwazi ngisho nokuntywila ekujuleni. Ijubane lapho indlovu ibhukuda khona 2-6 km / h.

27. Izindlovu zivame ukuxhumana zisebenzisa i-infrasound, ngakho-ke isikhathi eside ulimi lwendlovu lwahlala lungaxazululwa.

28. Ucwaningo olwenziwe nguChristian Herbst waseNyuvesi yaseVienna, olwenziwe ngohlu lwendlovu efile, luveze ukuthi izindlovu zisebenzisa izintambo zezwi ukuxhumana. "Isilulumagama" solimi lwendlovu sacebile impela - UHerbst waqopha amasiginali azinzile angama-470 ahlukile asetshenziswa izindlovu. Bangakwazi ukuxhumana nabo bodwa ebangeni elide, baxwayise ngengozi, babike ngokuzalwa, basebenzise izingcingo ezahlukahlukene kumalungu omhlambi, kuye ngesikhundla sabo esigabeni esiphakeme.

29. Amazinyo endlovu ayashintsha ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo izikhathi ezi-6,7, ngoba ashesha ukugaya ngenxa yesifiso sokuhlakulela. Izindlovu ezindala kakhulu zivame ukuba zensikazi, ngoba indlovu elahlekelwe ngamazinyo ayo okugcina isiza umhlambi ukondla, kepha amaduna amadala angawodwa abulawa yindlala.

30 Ezokuxhumana phakathi kwabo, izindlovu zisebenzisa imisindo eminingi, ukuthinta umzimba kanye nesiqu. Emabangeni amade, kusetshenziswe imigwaqo. Ngenxa yaleli khono, izindlovu ziyakwazi ukuzwa zisebangeni eli-10 km.

31. Izindlovu mazingafungi: azinazo izindlala ze-sebaceous. Ukuze zingapheki “ekushiseni”, izindlovu zisebenzisa amabhathi odaka noma izindlebe.

32. Izindlebe zezindlovu zihlatshwa yinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi, ethi, ekushiseni okukhulu, inwebise futhi idlulise ukushisa okufudumele imvelo. Ngezikhathi zamakhaza, ziba mncane.

33. Isilinganiso sokudla esidliwa yindlovu ngosuku ngamakhilogremu angama-300. Ngokuqondene nezinxa zamanzi ezidakiwe, ziyahlukahluka. Ngokuya ngomswakama womoya, indlovu ingaphuza kusuka kumalitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-300 ngosuku.

34. Izindlovu zingama-dodger amahle kakhulu. Wenza konke okudingekayo endlovu ngesiqu sayo: idla, ithathe amaqabunga, icoshe izinto, inisele. Kunezimo lapho izindlovu zipendwe noma zivulwe ngamabhlokhi ngenkinobho.

35. Owesifazane wendlovu angakhulelwa kuphela ngezinsuku ezimbalwa ngonyaka.

36. Ukukhulelwa endlovu kuhlala isikhathi eside ukwedlula ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo eMhlabeni - izinyanga ezingama-22. Indlovu yomntwana esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100-120.

37. Njengabantu, izindlovu zizalwa zinamabala. Ngemuva kwalokho bakhula izimbotshana zobisi, ezigcina zithathelwe indawo ngabomdabu. Amazinyo endlovu agaya ngokushesha okukhulu, lapho amazinyo esegundile, ayaphuma futhi amasha akhula endaweni yawo.

38. Isiqu sendlovu empeleni ingukuqhubeka komlomo wayo ophezulu. Ngosizo lwesiqu, izindlovu zixhumana ngokuthinta, zithi sawubona, zingathatha izinto, zidonse, ziphuze futhi zigeze.

39. Emhlanganweni, izindlovu zibingelelana ngesiko elikhethekile: zizifaka iziqu ngemithi.

40. Izindlovu zazikwazi nokufunda ulimi lwabantu. Indlovu egama linguKoshik, ehlala e-Asia, yafunda ukulingisa ukukhuluma kwabantu, noma kunalokho, amagama amahlanu: annyong (sawubona), anja (sit), aniya (cha), nuo (manga) no choah (muhle). UKoshik akavele nje ukuthi angaphinde aziphindaphinde ngokungacabangi, kodwa, ngokusho kwezibukeli, uyakuqonda okushiwo yiwo, ngoba le yimiyalo ethile ayenzayo noma amazwi okukhuthaza nokungamukeli.

Izindlovu ezingamaduna zithanda ukuhamba zodwa, kodwa eduze kwanoma yimuphi umhlambi.

42. Izindlovu, njengabantu, zingashiyaniswa ngakwesokunxele nangakwesokunxele. Ngokuya ngokuthi ikuphi indlovu esebenza ngaphezulu, enye yazo iba yincane. Izindlovu eziningi zinesandla sokudla.

43. Ukuvikela isikhumba sabo ezinhlamvini nasekushiseni kwelanga, izindlovu zenza izinqubo ezikhethekile nsuku zonke. Babheke ngothuli, begcotshwe ngodaka bese begeza ngamanzi.

44. Indlovu yase-Afrika yecave ye-caudal vertebrae inezingcezu ezingama-26, ezincane kakhulu kunendlovu yase-Asia, enezicucu ezingama-33.

45. Lapho indlala ivela emhlanjini wezindlovu, zonke izilwane ziyahlakazeka zidle zodwa.

46. ​​Izindlovu zihlakaniphe kakhulu. Ingqondo yendlovu inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-5 futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ngobulukhuni bokwakheka kobuchopho, izindlovu zihamba okwesibili emikhwaneni. Kufakazelwe ukuthi izindlovu zithola umuzwa wokujabulisa, usizi, ububele, ziyakwazi ukubambisana futhi ziqeqeshwa kalula.

47. Izindlovu ziyizilwane ezinomusa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokubabingelela, basiza izindlovu ezincane. Njengoba nje ingane yomuntu ibambelela esandleni sikamama, kanjalo nendlovu ibambelela kwindlovu enesiqu sayo. Uma indlovu evela emhlanjini ibona indlovu eshintshayo, izomsiza ngokushesha.

NgoSepthemba 48.22 kugujwa uSuku Lokuvikelwa kwendlovu emhlabeni.

49. Izindlovu zithambekele ezifweni zegazi, isifo samathambo kanye nesifo sofuba.

50. Izindlovu azinalo kuphela izinga eliphakeme lobuhlakani, kodwa futhi nezinhliziyo ezibucayi. Lapho umuntu ovela emndenini wendlovu efa, izihlobo zakhe zimphakamisa ngeziqu, zikhala kakhulu, bese zidlulela ekujuleni bese zimboza ngamagatsha bese ziyiphonsa kanye nomhlaba. Lapho-ke izindlovu zihlala buthule ngomzimba izinsuku eziningi. Kuvela nezimo lapho izindlovu nazo zizama ukungcwaba abantu, kwesinye isikhathi benze iphutha lokulala abantu abafile.

1. Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 zokuphila ezihlukene zezindlovu

Onke amalungu omndeni wendlovu ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu: i-African shroud elephant (Loxodonta africana), Indlovu yasehlathini yase-Afrika (I-Loxodonta cyclotis) nendlovu yase-Asia noma yaseNdiya (Elephas maximus) Izindlovu zase-Afrika zikhulu kakhulu kunezindlovu zase-Eshiya, kanti amaduna amadala angaba nesisindo samathani angama-7 (okubenza babe izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni). Indlovu yase-Asia inesisindo esincane, cishe ngamathani amahlanu.

Ngalendlela, indlovu yasehlathini lase-Afrika yayikade ibhekwa njengengosi ye-savannah yase-Afrika, kepha ukuhlolwa kofuzo kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezindlovu zahlukaniswa kwenye indawo ukusuka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa ezedlule.

2. Isiqu sendlovu - ingxenye yomzimba yendawo yonke

Ngaphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, ingxenye ebonakala kakhulu yomzimba wendlovu isiqu sayo, obukeka njengekhala elide kakhulu nomlomo omkhulu. Izindlovu zisebenzisa izidumbu zazo hhayi ukuphefumula, ukudonsa nokudla, zingabamba amagatsha ezihlahla, ziphakamise izinto ezinesisindo esingama-350 kg, zishaye ezinye izindlovu, zigaye umhlaba zifuna amanzi futhi zizenzele amanzi. Isiqu saso siqukethe imicu yemisipha engaphezu kuka-100 000, eyenza ibe ithuluzi elimnandi futhi eliqondile, ngokwesibonelo, indlovu ingasebenzisa isiqu sayo ukubhoboza amantongomane ngaphandle kokulimaza umongo ngaphakathi, noma ukusula iso lokungcola, noma ukuhlanza ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

3. Izindlebe zisiza izindlovu zipholile

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi zinkulu kangakanani, futhi lapho kuhlala khona izindlovu zesimo sezulu esishisayo nezinomswakama, lezi zilwane zazivumelanisa nezinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Indlovu ayikwazi ukugcoba izindlebe zayo ukundiza (i-la Dumbo Disney), kepha indawo yayo enkulu inomugqa omnyama wemithambo yegazi enikeza ukushisa kwemvelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela isize ukupholisa umzimba elangeni elivutha amalangabi. Akumangazi ukuthi izindlebe ezinkulu zezindlovu zinenye inzuzo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo: ezimweni ezifanele, indlovu yase-Afrika noma yase-Eshiya ingezwa ucingo lwesihlobo esigulayo ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-8, kanye nendlela yabanukuzi abangasongela imihlambi emincane.

Izindlovu ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu

Ngomqondo owucashile wegama, izindlovu zinobuchopho obukhulu - kufika ku-5.5 kg emadodeni amadala, uma kuqhathaniswa no-1-2 kg kumuntu ojwayelekile (nokho, ingqondo yendlovu incane kakhulu kunaleyo yomuntu ngokuya ngesisindo somzimba). Izindlovu azigcini nje ngokusebenzisa isiqu sazo njengethuluzi, kodwa futhi zibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuzazi (ngokwesibonelo, bezazi esibukweni) nokuzwela amanye amalungu omhlambi. Ezinye izindlovu zize zaphuca amathambo ezihlobo zazo ezashona, yize izazi zemvelo zingavumelani ekutheni lokhu kufakazela ukuqonda yini ngokufa.

Izici ezithile zesakhiwo somzimba

Izindlovu ziyizilwane ezingavamile, futhi umzimba wazo uhlukile. Akunasilwane esinyamazane esinesitho esimangalisa futhi esicishe sibe yindawo yonke njengesiqu. Ngenxa yokuvela kokunye, ikhala lesilwane lahlangana ngomlomo omkhulu - kanye nemisebenzi yokuphefumula ehlanganisiwe, ikhono lokuhogela nokudlala imisindo, nokwamukela uketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuguquguquka nokuhamba kwayo, isiqu sicishe sisebenze njengokungena esikhundleni sendlovu yezinyawo eziphakeme. Ukuba khona kwemisipha ecishe ibe yikhulu kulo mzimba kukuvumela ukuba ukhuphule isisindo esikhulu.

Izindlovu zihlukaniswa umuzwa onamandla wokuhogela, ukuzwa nokuthinta, kepha amehlo abo abona buthakathaka - kunzima ukubona lapho bekude ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10.

Okhokho bezindlovu zanamuhla babenamandla ngokwedlulele, futhi imihuzuko yazo kwakuyizikhali ezinamandla ngempela. Namuhla, izindlovu zigcinele umbhangqwana owodwa kuphela, futhi ngosayizi wazo ziphansi kakhulu kulezo zibumba manje ezingabonakala kuphela emnyuziyamu wepaleontological.

Namuhla, ama -ksks cishe awalethi izinzuzo ezingokoqobo, kepha anomsebenzi wokuhlobisa, akhuluma, ngokwesibonelo, ngeminyaka yomnikazi wawo. Indoda isebenzisa indlovu njengezinto zokuhloba, ubuciko, njll. Kepha intengo yezinto ezibizayo imbi kakhulu impilo yendlovu. Imithetho ivikela izindlovu, kepha abazingeli abaqhubeka nokubabhubhisa ngobuningi.

Ngokwesilinganiso sazo, izindlovu ziguga ngokumangalisayo futhi zigugile, zinomqondo omuhle wokulinganisela.

5. Emhlanjini, insikazi enkulu

Izindlovu zithuthukise inhlalo eyingqayizivele: empeleni, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala ngokuhlukile, bahlangana kafushane nje ngesikhathi sokuzala. Abesifazane abathathu noma abane ndawonye namawundlu abo bahlangana emhlanjini (cishe abantu abayi-12), kanti abesilisa bahlala bodwa noma bakha imihlambi emincane nabanye abesilisa (izindlovu zase-savannah kwesinye isikhathi zibuthana ngamaqembu amakhulu abantu abangaphezulu kwekhulu) . Imihlambi yabesifazane inesakhiwo se-matriarchal: bonke abamele balandela umholi (insikazi endala kakhulu), kuthi uma kufa owesilisa omkhulu, indlovu yakhe endala elandelayo ithatha indawo yakhe. Njengabantu (okungenani ezimweni eziningi), izinsikazi ezinolwazi zaziwa ngokuhlakanipha kwazo futhi ziqeqesha amanye amalungu omhlambi.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Izindlovu azithandi isizungu futhi zihlala emihlambini emikhulu lapho kungaba khona amakhanda angamashumi amahlanu. Izindlovu zinobuhlakani obuphakeme kanye nemizwa ehlukahlukene.

Bayakwazi uthando nothando, ubungane futhi banakekelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlovu zinenkumbulo enhle nokubekezela okukhulu.

Isisindo esikhulu somzimba sibonisa izimo ezikhethekile zokuba khona kwendlovu. Zonke izinsuku badinga ukudonsa inani elikhulu lokudla, ngakho-ke umsebenzi ophambili wendlovu ukusesha kwayo, lapho umhlambi kufanele uhambe amabanga amade. Izindlovu ziyimithi yokubulala ukhula. Badla izitshalo, nezimpande, izithelo, ngisho namagxolo aya ekudleni.

Ngokwemvelo, indlovu nayo idinga isamba esikhulu soketshezi, futhi ngenxa yalokho lezi zilwane ziyeka eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Ngendlela, okuyinto emangazayo, kepha izindlovu zibhukuda kahle, futhi uma zifisa, zingahlela ngisho nokugeza kwangempela zisebenzisa isiqu sazo esihle.

Ukuphawulwa kwendlovu ethile yaseNdiya kwembula ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamagatsha njengezimpukane ezindizayo.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwendlovu sicishe sibe sesomuntu, singafinyelela iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu.

Azinaboya, kepha isikhumba esikhulu siyisivikelo esihle kakhulu ekubandluliseni nasekubusuku bosuku. Izindlovu zilukhuni kakhulu futhi zilala amahora angaphezu kwamane.

Indlovu ithatha indlovu izinyanga ezingamashumi amabili nambili - futhi lokhu yinde kunezinye izidalwa ze-viviparous. Wonke umhlambi ukhombisa ukunaka amawundlu, ngoba ukubonakala kwawo kungumcimbi onqabile.

Izindlovu ziziveza ngokomfanekiso wesibuko, obhekwa njengophawu lokuzazi.

Izindlovu azenzi imisindo kaningi, kepha zixhumana kahle kakhulu ngomzimba. Isibonelo, izindlebe ezivuleke kakhulu ziyisibonakaliso esicacile sokulaka. Ukushaya izindlebe kubuye kube isenzo esivelelayo, esikhombisa umuzwa wobungozi. Ngokuthukuthela noma ukwethuka, indlovu iyesabeka, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi isitha sikwazi ukushiya siphila: indlovu ingayichitha ngobuningi bayo. Imisebenzi futhi iyisikhali esinamandla.

Kodwa-ke, imisindo nayo ingaba isibonakaliso semizwa ehlukahlukene. Izimpondo zezindlovu, zikhala futhi zingaquleka, futhi zisebenzisa isiqu sokukhipha umsindo.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

6. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuhlala cishe iminyaka emi-2

Izindlovu zase-Afrika zinesikhathi eside kakhulu sokumitha kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba, ziyizinyanga ezingama-22 (yize phakathi kwezilwane ezinesikhathi eside kakhulu sokumitha, ushaka osenkingeni usehola, isikhathi sokukhulelwa esidlula iminyaka emi-2, futhi ngokusho kweminye imibiko asikho ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-3.5! ) Izindlovu ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-100 kg. Owesifazane uhola inzalo njalo eminyakeni engama-4-5.

7. Izindlovu ziphenduke iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50.

Izindlovu nokhokho bazo babevame kakhulu ukwedlula namuhla. Ngokwazi okungafakwa ekwahlulelweni kobufakazi bezinsalela, ukhokho wokugcina wazo zonke izindlovu kwakuyi-phosphaterium encane efana nezingulube (Phosphatherium), owayehlala enyakatho ye-Afrika eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 eyedlule. Amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka kamuva, kuya esikhathini se-Eocene sekwedlule isikhathi, ama-hamsters endlovu abonakala kalula, anjenge-phiomy (I-Phiomia) kanye nemigoqo (I-Barytherium), amelelwa pachyderms emhlabeni. Ngenkathi yeCenozoic yakamuva, amanye amagatsha omndeni wezindlovu abonakala ngemfashini engaphansi yamanga, kanti inkathi yegolide kwakuyinkathi yePleistocene, eminyakeni eyisigidi eyedlule, lapho iMedodon yaseMelika eseMelika kanye no-mammoth oboya bezulu bezulazula ezindaweni zaseNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Namuhla, ngokuxakile, izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zezindlovu ziyizidenge namagundane.

8. Izindlovu ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo yazo.

Uyithanda noma cha, izindlovu zinomthelela obalulekile endaweni yazo yokuhlala. Basusa izihlahla, bahlanganise inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezinyawo zabo, futhi bangezelela ngamabomu ukuvuleka kwamanzi ukuze bathambe lapho begeza. Izenzo ezinjalo azizuzisi nje kuphela izindlovu ngokwazo, kodwa nezinye izilwane zohlelo lokusebenzisa imvelo zinguquko. Isibonelo, izindlovu zase-Afrika ziyaziwa ukuthi zimba emihumeni ezinhlangothini zeNtaba i-Elgon emngceleni waseKenya / wase-Uganda, okuyilapho esetshenziswa njengendawo yokukhosela ngamalulwane, izinambuzane nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Lapho izindlovu zidla endaweni eyodwa futhi zihlukane kwenye, zisebenza njengezithwali zembewu ezibalulekile. Izitshalo eziningi, izihlahla nezihlahlana kuzokuthola kunzima ukusinda uma imbewu yazo ingekho endaweni yokugcotshwa kwendlovu.

9. Izindlovu ezisetshenziswa empini

Akukho lutho oluhlaba umxhwele ukwedlula indlovu enamathani amahlanu ihlotshiswe ngezikhali eziyindilinga ngemikhonto ebukhali ehlanganiswe emilenzeni yayo. Ukusebenzisa izilwane empini kwakuyindlela yokufaka ukwesaba esitheni - noma okungenani ayikho enye into eyayingaphezu kweminyaka engama-2 000 eyedlule lapho babuthelwa emaphaketheni amabutho. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlovu zamasotsha kwafika cishe ngo-400 kuya ku-2003. futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho iRoma ihlasela i-Alps ngo-217 BC Ngemuva kwalokho, izindlovu zazisasetshenziswa empucukweni yaseMedithera, futhi zaphinde zasatshalaliswa phakathi kwabaholi bezempi baseNdiya nabase-Asia. Kodwa-ke, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, lapho beqala ukusebenzisa isibhamu, indlovu yayingawa kalula ngemuva kokudutshulwa.

10. Izindlovu ziyaqhubeka nokuba sengozini ngenxa yokuhweba ngezindlovu

Izindlovu, njengezinye izilwane ezingenakuzivikela, zibhekene nokusongelwa okuningi: ukungcoliswa komhlaba, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokungenela kwempucuko yabantu. Zisengozini enkulu kubazingeli abazizisayo lezi izilwane ezincelisayo zophondo lwendlovu eziqukethwe emihlangeni yazo. Ngo-1990, ukuvinjelwa komhlaba wonke kwezentengiso yezindlovu kwaholela ekuphikelelekeni kwezinye izakhamuzi zezindlovu zase-Afrika, kodwa abazingeli base-Afrika baqhubeka nokuphonsela inselelo umthetho. Enye yezinto ezinhle esenziwe yisinqumo sakamuva seChina sokunqanda ukungenisa kanye nokuthekelisa kwezindlovu; lokhu akuqedanga ngokuphelele ukuzingela kwabadayisi bendlovu abanonya, kodwa kusizile impela. Njengamanje, izindlovu zisengozini yokuqothulwa.

Imidondoshiya

Izindlovu ziyizilwane zomhlaba ezinkulu kakhulu eMhlabeni. Isisindo sabo esimaphakathi sifinyelela kumathani amahlanu, futhi ubude bomzimba buyi-6,7 amamitha. Ngo-1956, indlovu enesisindo samathani ayi-11 yabulawa e-Angola.

Izindlovu zizalwa isikhathi eside. Owesifazane uthwala umntwana izinyanga ezingama-22, isisindo sengane esisanda kuzalwa singamakhilogremu ayi-120.

Ingqondo yendlovu inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu, inhliziyo - ama-20-30 kilos. Ishaya imvamisa yokushaywa okungama-30 ngomzuzu.

Ukondla "i-colossus" enjalo, indlovu kufanele ifune ukudla futhi idle kakhulu usuku, okungenani amahora angama-20. Indlovu idla kusuka kumakhilogremu angama-45 kuya kwangama-450 wokudla kwezitshalo ngosuku, iziphuze kusuka kumalitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-300 amanzi.

Izindlovu ziphila iminyaka engama-50-70. Kepha kukhona nezintatheli. Indlovu elwayo (eyayisebenza ebuthweni laseChina) uLin Wang waseTaiwan washona ngo-2003 eneminyaka engama-86.

I-Wiseacres

U-Aristotle wabhala: "Indlovu isilwane esidlula bonke abanye ngobuhlakani nobuhlakani." Izindlovu zinenkumbulo enhle kakhulu futhi zinobuhlakani obuthuthukisiwe. Izindlovu zazikwazi nokufunda ulimi lwabantu. Indlovu egama linguKoshik, ehlala e-Asia, yafunda ukulingisa ukukhuluma kwabantu, noma kunalokho, amagama amahlanu: annyong (sawubona), anja (sit), aniya (cha), nuo (manga) no choah (muhle). UKoshik akavele nje ukuthi angaphinde aziphindaphinde ngokungacabangi, kodwa, ngokusho kwezibukeli, uyakuqonda okushiwo yiwo, ngoba le yimiyalo ethile ayenzayo noma amazwi okukhuthaza nokungamukeli.

Ezokuxhumana

Izindlovu zivame ukuxhumana zisebenzisa i-infrasound, ngakho-ke isikhathi eside ulimi lwendlovu lwahlala lungaxazululwa. Ucwaningo olwenziwe nguChristian Herbst waseNyuvesi yaseVienna, olwenziwe ngohlu lwendlovu efile, luveze ukuthi izindlovu zisebenzisa izintambo zezwi ukuxhumana.

"Amagama" olimi lwendlovu kwavela ukuthi acebile impela - UHerbst waqopha amasiginali azinze angama-470 aqinile asetshenziswa yindlovu. Bangakwazi ukuxhumana bodwa ebangeni elide, baxwayise ngengozi, babike ngokuzalwa, basebenzise izingcingo ezahlukahlukene kumalungu omhlambi, kuya ngesikhundla sabo ezikhundleni eziphezulu.

Imisebenzi

Izindlovu, njengabantu, zingashiyaniswa ngakwesokunxele nangakwesokunxele. Ngokuya ngokuthi ikuphi indlovu esebenza ngaphezulu, enye yazo iba yincane. Kulelikhulu lelikhulu lelisendlulile, ubude lobumaphakathi betindlovu tetindlovu e-Afrika naseNdiya bumisiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abameleli abakhulu kunabo bonke baba yizisulu zabazingeli, futhi ubude bama-tusks buwuphawu oluzuzwe njengezakhi zofuzo.

Imisebenzi yezindlovu ezifile ayivelakancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi eside kwaba nombono wokuthi izindlovu ziyafa emathuneni angaqondakali endlovu. Kulelikhulu leminyaka kuphela lapho kwatholakala ukuthi ama-husk adla ama-porcupines, ngaleyo ndlela inxephezelo ngendlala yamaminerali.

Ukushayela izindlovu izindlovu

Izindlovu zezilwane, yize zihlakaniphile, zingaba yingozi. Izindlovu ezingamaduna kwesinye isikhathi zidlula esifundeni okuthiwa "kumele." Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga le-testosterone esegazini lezilwane liphindwe izikhathi ezingama-60 kunokujwayelekile.
Ukuze zifinyelele ukulinganisela nokuthobeka phakathi kwezindlovu, ziqala ukuziqeqesha kusukela ebuntwaneni. Enye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle yile: unyawo lwendlovu luboshwe esiqwini sesihlahla. Kancane kancane, usejwayela iqiniso lokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuzikhulula kulo mbuso. Lapho isilwane sikhula, kwanele ukusinamathisela esihlahleni esincane, futhi indlovu ngeke izame ukuzikhulula.

Umkhosi womngcwabo

Izindlovu azinalo kuphela izinga eliphakeme lobuhlakani, kodwa futhi nezinhliziyo ezibucayi. Lapho umuntu ovela emndenini wendlovu efa, izihlobo zakhe zimphakamisa ngeziqu, ngesiphithiphithi esikhulu, bese zidlulela ekujuleni bese zimboza ngamagatsha bese zidilizwa nomhlaba. Lapho-ke izindlovu zihlala buthule ngomzimba izinsuku eziningi.

Kuvela nezimo lapho izindlovu nazo zizama ukungcwaba abantu, kwesinye isikhathi benze iphutha lokulala abantu abafile.

Izici zezindlovu

Ngokusho kocwaningo, izindlovu ziyizihlobo ezisondelene zezilwane ezincelisayo ezaziphila kule planethi emakhathini amaningi eminyaka adlule. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi njengamanje lezi yizilwane ezincelisayo kuphela ezinesiqu. Isetshenziselwa ukubingelela nezinye izindlovu. Izilwane zixutshaniswa neziqu, ngakho-ke ziyabingelela, futhi ziyajwayelana.

Futhi, izindlovu zisebenzisa imilenze ukuxhumana. Bashaya phansi nabo ngakho-ke babika ukuba khona kwabo. Uhlobo lokudlidliza kokuzamazama komhlaba kudlulisela isiginali ngaphezulu kwebanga lamashumi amakhilomitha.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ngezindlovu ukuthi izindlovu zinendlebe ethambile yomculo. Bahlukanisa kahle izingoma ngisho namanothi. Yilokho okubavumela ukuthi badanse umculo omnandi kangaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuqinisekile bawa isigqi, okungeza emehlweni wokusika.

Izindlovu zinenkumbulo enhle. Bayakwazi ukukhumbula ubuso bonke bomuntu obacasule iminyaka eminingi edlule. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi silwane ngokuqinisekile siyozama ukuziphindisela. Ngaphansi "konyawo olushisayo" kungawa abantu abangenacala ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, eNdiya, kwaqoshwa icala lapho indlovu yasendle ihlasela izindawo ezincane isikhathi eside. Isilwane sabhidliza izindlu sabulala izakhamizi. Izakhiwo ezingaphezu kwekhulu nabantu ababalelwa ku-30 ​​bathinteka endlovu. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane ezincelisayo kwadingeka ukuba zibulawe.

Izindlovu zingahlalwa ngakwesokunxele noma ngakwesokunxele. Kuliqiniso, ngokungafani nabantu, lokhu kubonakala kancane.

Izindlebe zezindlovu zenzelwe hhayi kuphela zokuzwa, kodwa futhi nokunikeza isimo somzimba. Lapho zivela emzimbeni, kususwa ukushisa okwedlulele. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane ziyakwazi ukugwema ukushiswa ukushisa ngisho nasekushiseni ngokweqile.

Ukulala izindlovu kumi. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kusebenza ezilwaneni zase-Afrika. Isikhathi sokulala singamahora amane kuphela. Isikhathi sonke, izilwane zifuna ukudla futhi zikuthole.

Ucwaningo lwe-X-ray lukhombise ukuthi izindlovu zincika ikakhulu ezandleni zazo ngenkathi zihamba. Noma kunjalo, azonakalisiwe futhi zibekezelela kalula isisindo samathani amaningana.

Ukuhamba buthule endaweni engcolile, ezinyaweni zezindlovu, imvelo ihlinzekelwe isisindo esinjenge-jelly. Unguhlobo lokufaka umsindo. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ivumela izilwane ezisindayo ukuba zingangeni ezindaweni ezinamashibhi.

Ukukhula kwendlovu kunganqunywa ngosayizi wokuphrinta ezinyaweni.

Izindlovu ngamanani

Umuntu omdala uphuza amalitha amanzi ayi-100- 20000 ngosuku. Inani lincike ebukhona bokushisa emgwaqweni.

Ngokuqondene nokudla, ngosuku izindlovu zidla cishe amakhilogremu amathathu ezithelo, utshani namaqabunga. Ekuthunjweni, usayizi okhonzayo uncishiswa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi yezimoto.

Isisindo sendlovu esanda kuzalwa ingaphezu kwesentimitha esisodwa.

Ingqondo yesilwane esidala inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu. Izinhliziyo - 25-30 kilos. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lokushaya kwenhliziyo lincane kakhulu kunelezinye izilwane nabantu. Ngokwesilinganiso, kushaywa okungama-30 ngomzuzu.

Esiqwini sesilwane kunama-receptors angaba ngu-40 000 abhekele umuzwa wokuhogela.

Njengamanje, kunezilwane zase-Afrika ezingaba ngu-500,000 nezilwane ezingamaNdiya ezingama-50 000 emhlabeni.

Kuyathakazelisa izindlovu

Izindlovu zingama-Centenarians angempela. Umgcini werekhodi isilwane esiphile iminyaka engama-86. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila sihluke kancane ngempilo yomuntu. Ekuthunjweni, izilwane ezincelisayo ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunenkululeko. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwengozi nokudla okujwayelekile okunempilo.

Izindlovu zingompetha esikhathini sokuzala umntwana. Ukukhulelwa kwabo kuthatha unyaka owodwa nezinyanga eziyi-10. Futhi abantu basakhalaza ngokukhathala kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-9 zokukhulelwa. Manje-ke ngizothini ezindlovu?!

Indlovu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, manje ekhona, iyisakhamuzi saseRamat Gan safari park kwa-Israyeli - Yosya. Isisindo saso singamathani ayisithupha. Ukukhula - amasentimitha angama-370. Ubude bomsila buyi-1 imitha. Isiqu singamasentimitha angama-250 ngosayizi. Ubude bezindlebe ngamasentimitha ayi-120. Ubukhulu bama-tusks ngamasentimitha angama-50.

Kodwa-ke, akafinyeleli endlovu yase-Afrika uMukusso, owake wahlala e-Angola. Isisindo sesilwane sidlula amathani ayi-12.

Izindlovu ziyakwazi ukubhukuda kahle. Ososayensi babeka umlando lapho isilwane esidala siwela ubunzima obungamakhilomitha angama-70. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane ezincelisayo zifinyelela emamitha ambalwa kuphela ukusuka ogwini. Kwamboza lonke ibanga ngokubhukuda.

Amanye amaphuzu athakazelisayo mayelana nezindlovu

Izindlovu zaseNdiya. Ama-Afrika empeleni awaxhumani nomuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukufundwa kwezilwane akuvame ukusetshenziselwa okuhle. ENdiya, izilwane ezincelisayo zazisetshenziselwa ukulwa.

Izindlovu ziyasizana. Uma ingane yomuntu ingena enkingeni, umhlambi wonke uphuthuma ukuyomsiza. Uma othile evela emhlambini efa, ezinye izilwane zihlela umngcwabo wakhe futhi azwakalise ukuhlupheka kwabo ngokubukeka kwabo konke. Kuqoshiwe nezimo lapho izindlovu bezama ukungcwaba umuntu osondele kubo ofile.

Kuwo wonke umhlaba ophucukile, ukuzingela izindlovu akuvunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, inqwaba yezizwe zase-Afrika nabantu abacebile bayaqhubeka nokubulala izilwane ezincelisayo. Owokuqala ukudla. Ezinye zenzelwe ubumnandi noma ama-tusks, izindleko zawo emakethe zisephezulu kakhulu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukuhweba ngama-tks kunqatshelwe. Kodwa-ke, ubani uyeka?!

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, usayizi wezimpawu zezindlovu seluphelile. Ngakho-ke, imvelo izama ukusindisa impilo yezilwane. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinama-toks amancane azinandaba nabazingeli.

Kodwa-ke, kulawo mazwe lapho izindlovu zibhekwa njengezilwane ezingcwele, isimo sengqondo ngazo asisiyisi neze. Isibonelo, eThailand, izilwane ezincelisayo zineholide lazo lomphakathi. Bayathandwa futhi bayahlonishwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane eziningi zisetshenziselwa ukujabulisa izivakashi. Ukuze indlovu ilalele umniniyo, bayishaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa induku ende enensimbi ebukhali yensimbi.

Izindlovu ziyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ezindaweni zasekhaya, bancishwa ithuba elinjalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane eziningi zitholakala nezinkinga zemilenze. Kwenziwe izicathulo ezikhethekile ukusiza izindlovu. Kuvikela izinyawo futhi kunikeze izilwane ezincelisayo induduzo.

Naphezu kokuphila isikhathi eside, ekuthunjweni izindlovu empeleni azizali. Ngenxa yalokho, kunenhlangano yonke emhlabeni enamalungu ayo axhasa inkululeko yezilwane. Imisebenzi yezinhlangano ezinjengalezi iholele ekutheni eminyakeni embalwa edlule eMelika kuphela, kuvalwe ama-zoo angaphezu kuka-20 noma imidwebo ehlukene yezindlovu. Izilwane ziphinde zakhiwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokonga nezindawo zokupaka uhambo, lapho empeleni ziseziningi.

Kuyemukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi izindlovu zesaba amagundane. Empeleni lena yinganekwane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi abesabi. Izindlovu zesaba izinyosi.

Izindlovu ezingandile kakhulu zimhlophe. EThailand, kuyisiko ukubanikela enkosini. Kukhona ngisho nenganekwane yokuthi iMilky Way ayikho into edlula umhlambi wezindlovu ezimhlophe eziklaba esibhakabhakeni.