ICaucasus itholakala e-Eurasia, futhi ihlanganisa indawo enkulu. Le yindawo yezintaba enemingcele yemvelo ebekiwe:
- Entshonalanga kugezwa ngamanzi e-Azov neBlack Seas.
- Empumalanga, isifunda sinqamula echibini elikhulu elingenamanzi - uLwandle lweCaspian.
- Umngcele osenyakatho ukucindezelwa kweKumo-Manych, kusuka kuLwandle lweCaspian kuya eKerch Strait nase-Azov.
- Ngaseningizimu, iCaucasus inemingcele evamile ne-Armenia, Georgia ne-Azerbaijan. Umugqa ohlukanisayo ugijimisana ne-Armenian Volcanic Highlands kanye noMfula i-Araks.
Engxenyeni ephakathi neCaucasus, oMgogodla noma abahlukanisayo uRange kanye noSide Ridge bayaphuma. Kule ngxenye yesifunda kunezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu - abadumile "ezinkulungwane ezinhlanu". Zihlukile eziqongweni ezinjengesiqongo, iziqongo ezibukhali nemithambeka enamadwala.
U-fig. 1. Ukwehlukanisa umgodi.
ICaucasus inenani eliphakeme kakhulu hhayi eRussia kuphela kodwa naseYurophu - Mount Elbrus (5642 m). Le ntaba-mlilo engapheli ingenye yeziqongo eziyisikhombisa eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni. Iminyaka eminingi, ihehe abasubathi, abagibeli, abavakashi kanye nawo wonke umuntu ofuna ukujabulela ukubuka intaba engalibaleki.
Izici zesimo sezulu
ICaucasus isemngceleni wezindawo ezimbili zemvelo: inesizotha futhi isezansi. Uxhaxha lwezintaba eziphakeme lunomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni kwesimo sezulu kule ndawo. Izintaba eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu zivikela ngokunethezeka imithambeka eseningizimu emimoyeni enamandla, futhi amagquma asenyakatho athola ukushaya okukhulu kwezivunguvungu ezibandayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaqhwa asindayo angenzeka engxenyeni yaseRussia eCaucasus ngasikhathi sinye, ngenkathi kubanda futhi kushubisa isimo sezulu esomile eCaucasus.
Isimo se-altitudinal, eshiwo ikakhulukazi ezintabeni eziphakeme kangako, sifanelwe ukunakwa ngokukhethekile:
- Izimbali ezingaphansi komhlaba zikhula ezigodini
- ngaphezulu, amahlathi abanzi futhi anamahloni aqala ukuthatha izintambo,
- Ukukhuphuka kweziqongo zezintaba, amahlathi athathelwa indawo yizimbali eziphakemeyo,
- kulandelwa umkhawulo wama-mosses nama-lichens,
- iziqongo zezintaba zaseCaucasus ngokwazo zimbozwe yiqhwa neqhwa unyaka wonke.
U-fig. 2. Izithaba ze-Alpine zeCaucasus.
Uhlobo lweCaucasus
Ngenxa yendawo yayo nokuhlukahluka kokukhululeka, iCaucasus inesimo esiyingqayizivele. Lapha, eduze komunye nomunye, kunamahlathi aminyene we-coniferous namahlathi amakhulu, ama-alpine meadows nezixhaphozi eziphansi.
Amaphethelo asenyakatho abonakala ngesimo sezulu esipholile, futhi indawo eqondile kulezi zintaba ibonakala ngokushintshwa okukhulu kwezindawo zemvelo. Isithwathwa simboza imithambeka esenyakatho yezintaba zaseCaucasus kakade endaweni ephakeme engama-2800 m.
Izilwane zeCaucasus zidinga kakhulu ukuvikelwa komuntu. Abameli abaningi bezilwane zasendaweni basondele ekuqothulweni, kanti ezinye izilwane - amahlosi, umoyane, inyathi - sezinyamalele ngokuphelele.
Abantu beCaucasus
Lesi sifunda siyingxube eyinqaba yezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene, zazo ezingaphezulu kwamashumi amahlanu. Abantu baseNyakatho Caucasus bacacile ngokukhethekile. Ama-Laks, ama-Avars, amaDargins, ama-Lezgins, ama-Chechen kanye nabanye abantu abaningi bahlala endaweni encane iminyaka eminingi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngamunye wabo wakwazi ukugcina isiko elihlukile futhi hhayi ukuthi "ancibilike" ku-cauldron ejwayelekile yabantu baseCaucasian.
U-fig. 3. Abantu baseCaucasus.
Ama-Azabajani, ama-Armenia namaGeorgi ahlala eTranscaucasia. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwalezi zifundazwe nakho akulona iqiniso, futhi inani elikhulu lama-Ossetian, ama-Abkhazi, amaKurds, amaJuda ase-Mountain, namaTatians bahlala lapha.
Inkolo evelele yabantu baseCaucasus yi-Islam, emelelwa ngamagatsha amaSunni namaShiite. Indawo yesibili ingeyobu-Orthodox bobu-Orthodox, okuthiwa ngamaGeorgians, ama-Armenians, ama-Ossetian.
Ukukhululeka
Vele impumuzo isebenze kulokhu kubuyekezwa njengesizathu sokuhlukanisa isifunda esithandwayo ezindaweni ezi-8. Uhlobo lweCaucasus luzochazwa ngokususelwa kule nkundla. Noma kuyi-Upper Proterozoic, indiza etholakala endaweni ekhonjisiwe idlula esigabeni sokuvela kokuguquguquka komhlaba okudlula komunye nomunye. Njengomphumela wenqubo yokuphakama, indawo ephansi nethafile, okuzoxoxwa ngayo, ukwakheka okubili okukhulu - ipulatifomu yamaSkithe nezindawo ezi-3 eziseduze kwase-Asia - kwaba umngcele (phakathi kwabo kuneGreater Caucasus eneziqongo ezimbili, eqondiswa lapho umgibeli ohlukanisayo uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu). Ithafa elisondele kakhulu laseTranscaucasian namanje liyingxenye yohlelo oluchaziwe lwendawo. I-Armenien (ngeCaucasus Encane). Phakathi kwezakhiwo ezisongelwe zaseningizimu-ntshonalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga kuneColchis Lowland (umngcele weCreater and Lesser Caucasus, ingxenye yeRiono-Kurinsky Depression). Kepha akasiki. Okusho ukuthi, eningizimu-mpumalanga, “umsele” udlula ungene engxenyeni ejulile yokucindezeleka okuvezwayo. Kuyaqhubeka ukukhombisa ukuthi isiphetho esenyakatho nentshonalanga yezwe lendawo siyindawo edlulela olwandle. Lesi yithambeka le-Azov-Kuban (elibonakaliswa ngamamitha ukusuka kumamitha ayi-100 kuye kwayi-0). I-hydrography yakhe ishintshwa kakhulu ngemisele yemifantu neziqukathi zokufakelwa. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ucezu lomhlaba olujulile olwethulwe endabeni. Sikhuluma ngengxenyana ye-Dagestan yomkhombe weCaspian. Uhlobo lweCaucasus lushintsha ubuso bayo ukusuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuye eningizimu-empumalanga ngamakhilomitha ayi-1,160, kepha ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu indawo ethandekayo inedlula amakhilomitha angama-600.
Imvelo yomphetho
Indawo yokuhlala eNyakatho Caucasus yaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwendawo yokugcina yemvelo eyingqayizivele enesimo sezulu esifudumele nesifudumele. Kunemifula eminingi kulesi sifunda: izintaba kanye nethafa, ekujuleni nasekujuleni komhlaba, ezinesiphithiphithi futhi ethule. Umhlaba lo udume ngenhlabathi evundile lapho izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla, izihlahla zezithelo zomdiliya, izivini, amasimu erayisi netiye, kanye nezimbali eziningi, zikhula kahle.
Kepha isici esiyinhloko sendawo ebukeka ngayo umhlaba, yiqiniso, izintaba zaseNyakatho Caucasus ngobude bamakhilomitha ayi-1,100. Iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu zeCaucasus: INtaba i-Elbrus - amamitha angama-5642 ukuphakama neKazbek - ngamamitha angama-5032.
Kwatholakala imithombo eminingi enothe ngamaminerali kuleli lizwe elinomusa; kulezi zindawo sekuvulwe izindawo zokungcebeleka ezithole udumo emhlabeni wonke nodumo emadolobheni aseNyakatho Caucasus: Kislovodsk, Mineralnye Vody, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk. Iziphethu zokuphulukisa zezindawo zokugcina ziyahluka ngokwakhiwa kwazo kwamaminerali kanye namazinga okushisa, kepha ziwusizo kakhulu. Ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala eNyakatho Caucasus, kulondolozwa imvelo lapha, lapho kulondolozwa izimbali nezilwane ezinqabile khona.
Ngendawo, iNyakatho neCaucasus iyinyunyana yamathafa nezintaba, izindawo eziswakeme nezomile. I-Derbent, Arkhyz, Pyatigorsk, ne-Essentuki - lawa magama amadolobha eNyakatho yeCaucasus asenesikhathi eside ejwayele ukuvakasha izivakashi ezazisa isifunda ngobunjalo bazo obuhle nokubonisa umoya wokungenisa izihambi kwabahlali bendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho isifunda sinendlela yezolwandle ezintathu: iBlack, Azov neCaspian. Imithombo yezemvelo kulesi sifunda imelwa ngama-deposithi amakhulu ka-oyili negesi, amandla amakhulu we-geothermal, izinqolobane zezinsimbi zensimbi, ama-uranium ores, izinhlobo zezinkuni ezibalulekile, izinhlanzi nokudla kwasolwandle.
Ukwakheka kwezinhlanga
INorth Caucasus ihluke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwayo ngokwezinhlanga. Izizwe eziningi zihlala lapha.
Abantu abaphambili beNyakatho Caucasus:
Uma uthatha isitimela ezungeze iCaucasus, ungaxoxa nabamele bezizwe ezahlukahlukene, ngoba abantu abanobungane nabanemizwelo bahlala lapha.
I-republics ifakiwe ekwakhiweni kobuzwe beNyakatho Caucasus:
- Adygea
- IDagestan
- Ingushetia
- Kabardino-Balkaria,
- Karachay-Cherkessia,
- I-North Ossetia,
- UChechnya
Ensimini yalo kunabantu abangamashumi amane nambili abakhuluma izilimi ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-9,7 bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulukazi zaseNyakatho Caucasus.
Ukwehlukahlukana kwamazwe
Abantu base-Abkhazi yizwe elisentshonalanga kakhulu kulesi sifunda. Abaningi babo bathi bangamaKhristu, kepha kusukela ngekhulu le-15, ngenxa yokwanda kwensimu, kwavela amaSulumane. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umsebenzi wabo bewukhiqizwa kaphethi, ukuhlanganisa, ukubaza.
AmaSekethe angabantu bangempela abahlala empumalanga. Izindawo ezingasenyakatho zeCaucasus, kanye nezindawo eziphansi zemifula iTerek neSunzha, ziyindawo yazo yokuhlala. Le yindawo yokuhlala yanamuhla yeKarachay-Cherkessia.
AbakwaKabardini bahlanganyela insimu namaBalkars, wonke angawamaSekethe, adume isikhathi eside ngobucwebecwebe nangokushiya abantu abamnyama.
AmaSvan ayihlanga olusenyakatho lwamaGeorgians, anolimi lwawo namasiko awo. Indawo abahlala kuyo iyingxenye yezintaba zaseGeorgia endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2500.
Ama-Ossetians - omunye wabantu bakudala kakhulu beNyakatho Caucasus, onemvelaphi yase-Iranian. Umbuso wasendulo wama-Ossetians Alania - ubuKristu ngohlobo lwayo lwangempela luye lwadlula amakhulu eminyaka.
Ama-Ingush namaChechen angabantu abaseduze. Kakhulu bathi yi-Islam, ngaphandle kwama-Chechens avela eGeorgia.
Ama-Lezgins Ahlala esifundeni esisempumalanga, ama-Lezgins, njengezizukulwane zesakhamuzi esidala kakhulu saseNingizimu Dagestan, anamagugu amasiko amakhulu.
Into esemqoka empilweni yazo zonke lezi zizwe indawo ezindawo zaseNyakatho Caucasus. Akhiwe emingceleni ye-Ottoman, Umbuso WaseRussia neByzantium, ayemiselwe isikhathi esedlule samasosha, umlingisi waso owakhonjiswa kokuningi nezici zabantu baseCaucasi.
Ithafa le-Azov-Kuban
Ukufika okuphansi kweKuban sekuvele kukhonjiswe igama uqobo lendawo enwetshiwe. IKuban ngokwayo isuka emthonjeni iye ngomlomo ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-870. Phakathi kweziteshi zamanzi ezizondlayo, ezigeleza ngqo kule ngxenye yeKrasnodar Territory kukhona i-Old Kuban, Kirpili, Sosyka, indawo ephansi ye-Ei, Beisug kanye neChelbas, nemifula eseningizimu yomlomo weDon. Iningi lezidumbu zamanzi ezikleliswe ngenhla zinisela umhlaba wezolimo. Le ndawo inamabhisikidi - Yeisk, Taganrog, Taman. Indima yamachibi yenziwa izigodi zezifunda - iVityazevsky, i-Kyzyltashsky, i-Kurchansky, i-Akhtanizovsky (ebusweni lwamanzi wokugcina ngo-Agasti-ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, kufanele uthandise ama-lotuses).
Elbrus
Inani eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezintaba zaseNyakatho Caucasus. I-Elbrus iyisigaxa sentaba-mlilo eqandisiwe, manje esesimweni sokuphumula okuhlobene. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, kwakukhona ukuthi i-titanium Prometheus iboshelwe edwaleni ngokuzama ukunika umlilo kubantu. Ezintabeni ezinkulu zeqhwa ze-Elbrus, umsuka wemifula yezintaba uqhamuka, okuthi lapho kuhlanganiswe kuhlangene, ungene kuKuban - umfula omkhulu eNyakatho neCaucasus. Emathunjini ale ntaba, amasiga abilayo asabilayo, okuthola ukuthi imithombo yokushisa igcwele amaminerali nekhabhoni dioksijini. Ukushisa kwabo kufinyelela ku + 52 no + 60 0 С.
Ciscaucasia
Uhlobo lweNyakatho Caucasus lubeke umgwaqo ophakathi naphakathi noma ophansi wemifula eminingi kule ndawo. Zonke uKuban, u-Eya, uBeisug noChelbas abangena lapha. Ngasempumalanga kubo baphathe amanzi abo iBelaya, i-Laba, iTerek (eneziteshi eziningi namagatsha) kanye neKuma (imvelaphi yabo ifihlwe ezingxenyeni zezintaba ezahlukahlukene). Amaningi axhunyiwe. Imifudlana ehamba kancane ifinyelela emaphethelweni, emasimini nasezivandeni zeCiscaucasia: Baksan, Bolshoi naseMalyi Zelenchuk, Urup, Teberda, Malka nasePodkumok. Isimo sendawo esinamagama asinawo amachibi amakhulu. Kepha esifubeni sakhe kugcwele amadamu - Krasnodar, Kuban, Shapsug, Kryukov, Varnavinsky. Zibuye zisize inqubo yokunisela endaweni yama “granari” we Russian Federation. Ekuguqukeni enyakatho kukhona uMfula iMontch oneLichich-Gudilo Lake, elomile lapho kushisa.
I-caucasus yaseNtshonalanga
Lokhu kwesithathu "kokuqanjwa" kweGreater Caucasus, okuthi kwezinye izindawo kudlule uhlangothi lwayo oluseningizimu, kubonakaliswa umswakama omkhulu kakhulu. Amafu aphansi awadlula ngale kwamagquma, ama-rapid amaningi kakhulu, ukumboza kwehlathi okwandisiwe, imvula engajulile. Yizindawo ezinjalo "ezikhiqiza" izimpophoma eziningi. Zidume ngemithombo yeBelaya, uMzymta, i-Urup, iBolshoy Zelenchuk, iProvheha imifula, iMezmay kanye nemifudlana yaseKurdzhips, ukugeleza kwamanzi amaningi angenakubalwa kweGreater Gelendzhik, iTufall neSocrhi. Enhlonhlo ye-Abrau kukhona ichibi legama elifanayo elidumile phakathi kwezivakashi ze-spa nabathandi be-champagne. Encane, njengazo zonke ezinye izitsha zamanzi ze-Western Caucasus. Lapho kunamanzi amaningi khona-ke, izimbali ezengeziwe. Futhi manje ngamazwe asendaweni yaseCaucasian. Ensimini yayo kukhona amachibi asezintabeni. Okuhlanzeke kakhulu futhi kubanda kakhulu. Kufihlwa indawo encane yokugcina iKarakel esigodini soMfula iTeberda. ENtshonalanga Abkhazia, ichibi elisekuhleni iRitsa, imifula yeBzyb (Pitsunda) neKodor (eseningizimu yeSukhum) iyathandwa phakathi kwezidumbu zamanzi. Zihlanzekile futhi zinemikhawulo ephakeme.
ECaucasus Ephakathi
Uhlobo lweCaucasus lwahlela ngendlela yokuthi lwashiya lapha “iningi” lazo “izimpawu” - iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu zohlelo lwentaba, futhi ngenxa yalokho, imifula enesiyaluyalu kakhulu. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ama-gorges kulesi sifunda azoba ajulile. Thatha isibonelo i-Baksan, Cherek-Kulamsky, Cherek, Chegem, i-Urukh, i-Fiagdon, iGizeldon, nezigodi zaseGenaldon. Iziqongo zezihlahla zamatshe cishe zisimboza ngokuphelele isibhakabhaka. Futhi kwezinye izindawo bayayifihla. Noma lilanga lasehlobo elinelanga kumnyama njengakusihlwa futhi ngandlela-thile kubanda. Engxoxweni ephathelene nezitsha zemvelo, sikhombisa ama-Blue Lakes amancane ayisikhombisa. BaseseKabarda.
I-East Caucasus
Izimpawu ezisemqoka zamanzi alesi sifunda semvelo yiTerek, iSunzha, iKuma, iSulak, iKoisu neSamur, egeleza ezindaweni ezihlala empumalanga naseNyakatho Ossetia, nase-Ingushetia, Chechnya naseDagestan. Ubungqabavu bezidumbu zamanzi bukhulu bokushushuluzwa (ukwakheka komhlaba lapha kufana nephepha eliqhekekile - konke kufanele kudlule, noma kunalokho kugobhoze). Amanzi agelezela oLwandle lweCaspian. Okuphawuleka kakhulu nguKuma noTerek. Owokuqala endaweni ethile umngcele ophakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia, ubude bawo ngamakhilomitha angama-802. Elesibili "kufiphele" kumakhilomitha angama-623. Ukuba nomgodi omkhulu, kudla amakhulukhulu emisele, kuba umngcele wezintaba ezihlukene ze-Ossetia neChechnya. Ezintabeni zaseDagestan naseChechnya kunamachibi amaningi angama-relict akhiwe endaweni ephakeme ye-alpine stratum.
IColchis Lowland
Uhlobo lweCaucasus lwasinikeza ngesihle le ndawo ngemifula, eyawa ngokushesha emandleni amabili anamuhla - i-Abkhazia neGeorgia. Entshonalanga, kuqala ngokuhlangana okuvundile kwemibhede emibili yomfula - u-Ingura (Abkhazia) noRioni (Georgia). Yonke imifula yaseColchis ingeyokuqala kwesisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esevele kuphela eGeorgia, imijikelezo ye-Ingur (lapha ibizwa nge-Inguri) neRioni ihlukanisa indawo engezansi yeGreater Caucasus kusuka emagqumeni asenyakatho neMaly. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude besiteshi iRioni ngamakhilomitha angama-327. Umthombo wayo usuvele utholakala eMount Pasismt. Lo mfudlana wamanzi udla izindwani ezinjengeTskheniskali, iTikhuri neKvirila. Kunabanye abaningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, isitsha sohlelo lwamanzi singamamitha-skwele ayi-13,400. km "I-Rioni" ihumusha ngokuthi "umfula omkhulu." I-hydronym yakhiwa kusuka kumagama "ri" no "en", athathwe olimini lwamaSvans. Echibini kukhona amadolobha aseGeorgia iPotto neKutaisi. Emaphethelweni okuqala uzothola ichibi eliyingqayizivele lechibi iPoliostomi (elinogu lwe-emerald). ILowland ibhekwa njengekhulu kakhulu eCaucasus. Impumalanga yesifunda esichaziwe idlula kuphela "ibhuloho" elincane lentaba, ehlukanisa iColchis kwenye "imisele" yendalo - isigodi saseKura River. Ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, iColchis yindawo yesakhiwo esiseningizimu yeKobuleti.
Isigodi soMfula iKura
I "artery" lamanzi lide kakhulu eCaucasus (1364 km). Izizwe ezihlala ogwini lwayo (amaKurds amaTurds, amaGeorgi kanye neAzerbaijani) zinezinguqulo zazo ze-hydronym. I-Kura, Mktvari neKur. EGeorgia, lokhu kusho "amanzi amahle." Ezilimini zabezinye izinhlanga zombili ezisohlwini - "reservoir" noma ukumane "isitoreji". Umthombo wesitoreji ufihlwe e-Armeni Highlands (esigabeni saseTurkey, indawo eyiKurdish). Futhi umfula ugelezela oLwandle lweCaspian, esifundeni sase-Azeneli Yenikand. Umfudlana wamanzi unamagatsha amaningi abalulekile (iBolshaya Liakhvi, Alazani, Ksani, Araks, Veri kanye ne-Aragvi), enza umcamelo omkhulu (188,000 sq. Km.). Ngasogwini lweKura kukhona ama-agglomerations asendulo agcwele izikhumbuzo zezakhiwo. Tbilisi, Mtskheta, Borjomi, Gori, Rustavi, Mengechevir, Sabirabad kanye Shirvan. Ezifundweni eziveza umhlaba, isizinda saseKura siyindawo ehlukile yesimo sezulu. Ngani? Thola engxenyeni yeFlora neFauna.
AmaCaucasus Amancane Nezindawo Eziphezulu Zase-Armenia
Ithafa eliphakathi nendawo elinikezwe esihlokweni lilinganiselwe emifuleni iRioni, iKura, iLikhvi Range, i-Asia Minor Plateau, futhi eningizimu nasempumalanga - kuya ezintabeni ze-Iranian Plateau enkulu neLankaran Lowland yase-Azerbaijan. Ngaphakathi esifundeni esifanayo (esiba ngeTurkey, Georgia, Armenia ne-Azerbaijan) kuphela, i-Araks (kuphela ukufinyelela okuningana) kanye nokugeleza kweVorotan. Kukhona nezitsha zamanzi - iLake Sevan (enkulu kunazo zonke), indawo enamanzi aseningizimu yeMingachevir, kanye nedamu lomfula iTerter. Ngendlela, e-Armenia, igama lale nto eyakhiwe nge-hydrological izwakala njengeTartarus (akusiwo lo umkhawulo oseningizimu wombuso wasendulo wokhokho bethu base-Indo-European Tartaria?). I-Middle and Lower Araks iyindlela yomfula egeleza kakhulu lapho amadolobha aseMeghri (e-Armenia) naseSaatli (Azabaan). IVorotan ingumfula wesibili omude kunawo (emva kwe-Araks) e-Armenia. Ubude bawo bungamakhilomitha ayi-178, kanti ichibi lingamamitha-skwele angama-5650. km Igeleza amathempeli asendulo, kanye neBlue Canyon, kanye nasemazweni aphikisayo alokho okubizwa ngokuthi yiNagorno-Karabakh.
Amabhishi anesihlabathi sedolobha lase-Anapa (Russia)
Uhlobo lwasogwini lweCaucasus "lwazala" ezindaweni eziningi ezishisayo zezulu, ze-balneological nezodaka. Abanye bakulungele ukuqhosha ngokusondela emigqeni ebanzi engamakhilomitha ayi-0,3 yesihlabathi segolide esicwengekile kanye nokujulile okungaba ngamakhilomitha ayi-15. Isihlabathi sasijabulisa njalo abazali bezingane! Ngoba ogwini olunjalo kukhona indawo ephansi futhi engajulile. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Anapa (njenge-Crimean Evpatoria) ithathwa njengendawo yokuzenzela izingane. Ngomqondo obanzi, sikhuluma ngebhishi eliqhubekayo, lisuka emngceleni neTaman Peninsula liye endlini yokugezela yase-Anapa. Kufaka phakathi ukuphimisa okuhlukanisa ulwandle eziqhingini zaseKiziltash naseVityazevsky. Futhi bathandwa ngabasakazi bomoya.
I-Caucasus State Reserve (Russia)
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izici zesimo seCaucasus zizibonakalise ekuzijabuliseni komhlaba ngokwazo. Isigaba sinikezelwe kubhanxa lomhlaba elidume kakhulu (kulezi zintaba). I-GZ "Caucasian" itholakala emazweni aseKrasnodar Territory, eRiphabhulikhi yase-Adygea futhi ithumba kancane isikhala se-KCR. Ihlanganiswe neziqongo ezinjenge-Achishkho, Aishkha, Pseashkho, Fisht, Oshten, Psheho-Su nabanye abaningana. Ukusuka enyakatho kuhlangana nabo i-Adyghe Plateau edumile iLagonaki, "umbhede wezimbali kaJulayi oyinhloko." Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu ... i-tundra. Indawo enezintaba ekhonjisiwe ibonakala kahle kusukela emaphethelweni eRange lase-Azish. Futhi indlela yokungena kuyovulekela labo abasebenzisa umgwaqo omkhulu u-A-159, umgibeli oholayo endaweni. IGuzeripl ("ingosi" engxenyeni evikelwe yale ndawo yemvelo). Amakhebhula ayi-8 avumelekile kumamadolo aluhlaza. Indawo yokulawula egciniwe ifaka iSlohi Nature Park edumile.
Isifunda i-Elbrus neKabardino-Balkarian indawo ephakeme yezentaba (Russia)
Kwabaningi, uhlobo lweNyakatho Caucasus luhlobene ngqo naleli phuzu - "uphahla lweCaucasus." Ingxoxo imayelana namamitha angama-5642 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukuhlolwa okuthe xaxa nokungena ngakamuva okuya e-Elbrus kwenziwa endaweni yaseKabardino-Balkarian Republic. Esifundeni i-Elbrus, uzothunyelwa umgwaqo u-A-158, usuka eningizimu usuka kumgwaqo omkhulu u-R-217 (eduze nedolobha laseKabardian iBaksan). Emzaneni I-Elbrus neTerskol "izimoto zamakhebula" nezindawo zokukhosela. Igquma lithandwa ngoba liyabonakala kwi-CBD, KCR, Georgia, Abkhazia, Stavropol.
I-Dombay (Russia)
Abaningi bethu bayajabula ukuthi imvelo yaseCaucasan nayo yakhe le ndawo. Ngaphezu kwesibalo seDombay-Ulgen (4046 m.), Esihanjelwa ngabase-Austrian kanye nama-funicular ambalwa asekhaya, indawo esezintabeni ikuvumela ukuba uvakashele iqhwa, indawo enamanzi kanye ... nesosi ezindizayo. Insizakalo (njengaseTeberd) ayiyona kakhulu. Yize amahhotela emuhle.
U-Barkhan Sary-Kum (Russia)
Ekugcineni, umuntu angeke ehluleke ukusho indawo lapho indawo yaseCaucasus icishe ifane neCentral Asia ngisho neNyakatho Afrika. Indunduma enkulu yesihlabathi emhlabeni ayikho nhlobo eSahara noma eKarakum. Itholakala kumakhilomitha angama-37 nje asenyakatho nentshonalanga yeMakhachkala, "inhloko-dolobha" yaseDagestan. Ososayensi baphikisana ngemvelaphi yayo. Lapha senza ukudaya. Ugwadule lukhona kule republic futhi emngceleni neKalmykia.
IShirvan National Park (i-Azerbaijan)
Ukwehlukahluka kwesimo seCaucasus kuphinde kuboniswe yisifunda sezintaba saseCaspian, engxenyeni eyihlane ye-Azerbaijani eseduze nedolobha eliphakathi nendawo leShirvan. Kukhona izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu zentaba-mlilo, amachibi ayizintombi nto iShor-gel neChala-gel, okuyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke amashiya, “ukuqala” komgwaqo oholela ekushiseni kawoyela. Uhlobo lomkhakha oyindawo evikelekile, abantu babiza izinkulungwane zama-tulips.
I-Cross Pass (Georgia)
Elinye “isitini” ngokuhlukahluka kwesimo seCaucasus labeka indawo ebaluleke kunazo zonke "ekudleni" okukhulu ukuwela i-Greater Caucasus. "Umgwaqo ophakeme kakhulu ophakathi kweCentral neMpumalanga yeCaucasus", "ipharele lomgwaqo omkhulu wezempi waseGeorgia", "indawo enkulu yokushushuluza iGeorgia" - le ndawo ithole igama lesidlaliso kanye "nezihloko". Isithwathwa simi unyaka wonke. Kubonakala kahle lapho imifula eminingana igeleza isuka lapho futhi empeleni ithathwe izithombe iphikisana nesizinda samaqhwa. Into ikhonjiswa izikhombisi, isiqu, ukuma. Manje ake sitshele ukuphakama kwale ndawo yokuwela intaba. Lilingana namamitha angama-2379. Ikhanda liyachichima!
ILake Sevan (Armenia)
Kumephu yezwe ekhonjiswe umugqa ongenhla, leli chibi liyinto yokuqala ebamba iso lakho. Ngakho-ke, iba ukukhangana okuyinhloko. Siyabheka ukuthi izwe, ngokungananazi, alicebile kwezinye izitsha zamanzi ... I-Sevan iyichibi elikhulu kunayo yonke iCaucasus, futhi abantu bakwamanye amazwe bakhumbula i-phantasmagoria evela eziqhakaza zolwandle ama-sihlahla sivame ukutholakala kanye nama-cherries afanayo aqhakazile (entwasahlobo). Lonke ugu lwaseSevan, empeleni, luhlome ngendawo yokuchitha izihambi, lizungezwe umgwaqo omuhle. Edlula ithrekhi kukhona izikhungo zezivakashi nezindawo zezivakashi. Kunamapaki. Ngokuthanda noma cha, ukuheha okungokwemvelo sekuguqukile kwaba yindawo yehhotela nokuzijabulisa yezokuvakasha. I-autobahn eqondile evela kuYerevan izofika "lapha".
Incomo kumvakashi
Ngakho-ke, lapha sethula kumfundi izici zesimo seCaucasus. Futhi kulesi sici ngithanda ukunikeza izeluleko eziningi. Kulula kakhulu ukutadisha amasimu okongiwa kwemvelo, amapaki wemvelo nezindawo zemvelo, lapho uhlanganyele nabahlanganyeli bohambo olukhokhelwayo. Akwaziwa ukuthi ukuhamba kwentaba lapho uhamba ngezinyawo noma uhambo oluzimele lwezinsuku eziningi ngaphandle kwesiqondisi kuzokuholela kuphi. Kepha imivimbo enamagquma nefulethi, egcwele ama-generallomlomation, ezokuthutha kanye nezinye izinsiza, ilungele ezokuvakasha “zasendle” nje. Asishaye umgwaqo! Ukukhishwa kuzoba yizifundo ezinje kuphela zesifunda saseNorth Caucasus Federal District njengeChechnya, Ingushetia neDagestan. Kuyashesha ukuthola umhlahlandlela wokushayela amatekisi wasekhaya ukwedlula i-ejensi yokuhamba enhle.
Ilungele ukutadisha okuzimele kwamadolobhana nemizana (kanye namapheshana aseduze) alele kulezi zindlela. I-M-4 ("Don") izokuholela oLwandle Olumnyama ngqo isuka eZlatoglavoy. I-M-217 "Caucasus" igibela imithambeka yesifunda sethu kusuka enyakatho, bese ivela empumalanga. I-A-147 ilandela ulwandle, ukusuka ku-Dzhubga, kudlula eBig Sochi, nangokubheka indawo yayo eya e-Abkhazia. I-A-149 (Adler - Rosa Khutor) isuka kuyo, igudle uMzymta iye ezintabeni zaseKrasnaya Polyana. I-A-159 yembula ubuhle bayo bonke beSouth Adygea. I-A-161 (“Military Georgia”) isuka eVladikavkaz iye eTbilisi. I-A-155 ("Miluk Sukhumskaya") iphuma isuka eningizimu yeStavropol idlule kuyo yonke i-KCR iye e-Dombay. Kuyadingeka futhi ukusho nge-A-156 (uya ePsebay usuka kuyo esigodini saseTeberda). I-A-164 ("Milse Ossetian") ibika iNyakatho Ossetia eseNingizimu. I-A-165 ixhumeka ngokushesha izakhamizi zaseCherkessk ngama-sanatorium kanye nemithombo yePyatigorsk. Umgwaqo omkhulu osuka eSamur obheke eBaku uqashelwa njengoMgwaqo Olwandlekazi wase-Azerbaijan. Umgwaqo i-AN-81 - AN-82 onguthelawayeka uyindlela eyinhloko ye-Armenia (Yerevan, iLake Sevan). Umgwaqo wasePoti-Tbilisi, ogcwele izindondo, nawo uwusizo (uxhuma iColchis nengxenye yesiGeorgia eSigodini saseKura). Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kulawa mthambo we-asphalt kuphela lapho kukhona abashayayo kanye nendlela yasebusuku ephephile.
Ekugcineni, izixwayiso ezimbalwa zifanelekile. Ukuthokozela lapho imvelo yaseCaucasus kusiholela khona akumele kubangele isimo esiyingozi. Gwema "ukuzisebenza ngokwakho" (hhayi njengengxenye yomkhumbi onamahlomelo nabafundisi) ukuhamba ezindaweni eziphakeme zebhande lasezintabeni elichaziwe. Isibonelo, i-Dividing Range (ikakhulukazi i-Bezengi Wall), i-Bambaki massif (isigaba sezulu esingahleliwe seCaucasian GZ) asixoleli amaphutha, futhi nezintaba okunzima ukudlula kuzo. Lezo ezisemngceleni weRussia Chechnya neDagestan ngesimo saseGeorgia.
Eyokugcina kulezi zingxenye ezibhalwe lapha iyesabisa nangokuba khona kwama-nook lapho abashokobezi becasha khona. Futhi uma sesithinte isikhashana sezombusazwe, bese uzama ukungabi kude naseNagorno-Karabakh - ubuningi bezindawo eziphikisanayo phakathi kweAzerbaijan ne-Armenia. Futhi-ke, akufanele uye eGeorgia ngokusebenzisa i-Abkhazia noma iSouth Ossetia. Noma ukuhlobisa ngezitembu zomngcele zala mazwe ipasipoti ngaphambi kokungena "embusweni" wamathoyizi, iwayini elihle, izoso, khachapuri kanye noshizi.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, uhlobo lweCaucasus luhehe izizwe zasendulo nabantu, kanye nabazulazula abanomzwangedwa - ababhali nezimbongi, abaculi nezazi zefilosofi zenkolo ezihlubukayo. Yibo abaqamba izinganekwane zokuqala ngamazwe amnandi umbhalo owanikelwa kuwo. Lapha ukushayisana kwamazwekazi amadala, ama-biocenoses, amabutho abantu kwenzeka. Ukungahambeli eningizimu yeDon, iMarkch neKuma kusho ukungaphuthelwa okuningi empilweni yakho.
Ukuma komhlaba kweNyakatho Caucasus
Engxenyeni yeNyakatho yeCaucasus kukhona iKrasnodar kanye neStavropol Territories, iRostov Region neKabardino-Balkaria, iNyakatho Ossetia neDagestan, Chechnya ne-Ingushetia. Izintaba ezinkulu, izintaba ezingapheli, ugwadule olungamahlathi, amahlathi enza lesi sifunda sithakazelise ukuvakasha.
Uhlelo lonke lwezintaba yiNyakatho Caucasus. Uhlobo lwayo luyehluka ngokuphakama. Isimo sendawo sehlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3:
Imingcele esenyakatho yalesi sifunda inweba phakathi kwemifula yeKuban neTerek. Kukhona indawo ye-steppe. Ngaseningizimu kuqala isifunda sezwekazi, esigcina ngamaphethelo amaningi.
Isimo sezulu sithinteka ngobuningi bezintaba nokusondela kwezilwandle - iBlack, Azov, neCaspian. Amanzi atholakalayo atholakala eNorth Caucasus aqukethe i-bromine, i-radium, iodine ne-potassium.
Izintaba zaseNyakatho Caucasus
Ukusuka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezinamakhanda kuya ezifundeni eziseningizimu ezishisayo, ubunjalo beRussia buyanda. ICaucasus iyizintaba eziphakeme kakhulu zezwe. Bakha ngesikhathi sokugoqa kwentaba.
Uhlelo lwezintaba zaseCaucasus lubhekwa njengesakhiwo sezintaba ezisencane, njenge-Apennines, Carpathians, Alps, Pyrenees, Himalayas. Ukugoqwa kwe-Alpine kuyinkathi yokugcina ye-tectogenesis. Kwaholela ezinhlakeni eziningi zezintaba. Ibizwa ngegama le-Alps, lapho inqubo yathatha ukubonakaliswa okuvame kakhulu.
Indawo eseNyakatho neCaucasus imelwe yizintaba i-Elbrus, Kazbek, Rocky and Pasture Range, iCross Pass. Futhi le yingxenye encane nje, edume kakhulu yemithambeka namagquma.
Iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu zeNyakatho yeCaucasus yiKazbek, iphuzu layo eliphakeme cishe li-5033 m. Futhi intaba-mlilo engapheliyo i-Elbrus - 5642 m.
Ngenxa yokuthuthuka okunzima komhlaba, indawo nobunjalo bezintaba zaseCaucasus bucebe kakhulu emasimini wegesi nowoyela. Kukhona ukukhishwa kwamaminerali - i-mercury, ithusi, i-tungsten, i-polymetallic ores.
Izici zesimo seNyakatho Caucasus
Ukuqongelelwa kweziphethu zamaminerali, okuhlukile ngokwakhiwa kwawo kwamakhemikhali nezinga lokushisa, kungatholakala kule ndima. Ukusebenziseka okungafani nalamanzi kuholele embuzweni wokwenza izindawo zokuphamba. I-Essentuki, iMineralnye Vody, iZheleznovodsk, iPyatigorsk, iKislovodsk yaziwa kabanzi ngemithombo yazo nama-sanatoriums.
Uhlobo lweNyakatho Caucasus luhlukaniswe njengezindawo ezinomswakama nezomile. Umthombo oyinhloko wemvula uLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Kungakho izindawo ezingaphansi kwamagagasi ezingxenyeni esentshonalanga zimanzi impela. Ngenkathi isifunda sasempumalanga siphethwe izivunguvungu ezimnyama (uthuli), imimoya eyomile, nesomiso.
Izici zesimo seNyakatho Caucasus zikwehlukahlukana komoya. Kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka, umfudlana owomile obandayo we-Arctic, omanzi - we-Atlantic, oshisayo - weMedithera ungangena kuleyo ndawo. Amasosha omoya, esikhundleni sawo, athatha izimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
Ensimini yeNyakatho Caucasus kukhona nomoya wasendaweni - foehn. Umoya obandayo wentaba, owela phansi, kancane kancane uyashisa. Umfula oshisayo ufinyelela emhlabeni. Lokhu kwakha isomisi somoya.
Imvamisa, izindimbane zomoya obandayo zingena egqumeni laseCaucasus bese zizigoqa zivela empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Kube sekubusa isishingishane kuleyo ndawo, kube yinhlekelele kwezimbali ezishisayo.
Isimo sezulu
INyakatho Caucasus isemngceleni wezindawo ezishisayo nezishubile. Lokhu kunikeza ukuthambisa kwesimo sezulu nokufudumala. Ubusika obufushane, obuhlala izinyanga ezimbili, ihlobo elide - ukuya ezinyangeni ezi-5.5. Ubuningi bokukhanya kwelanga kule ndawo kungenxa yebanga elifanayo ukusuka e-ikhweyitha nesigxobo. Ngakho-ke, ubunjalo beCaucasus buhlukile ubudlova nokukhanya kwemibala.
Kunemvula eningi ezintabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinsimbi zomoya, ezihlala emthambekeni futhi zikhuphukela phezulu, zipholile, zinikeze umswakama. Ngakho-ke, isimo sezulu sezindawo zezintaba sihluke ngaphansi kwezigodi namathafa. Ebusika, ungqimba lweqhwa luqongelela kuze kufike ku-5 cm. Emithambekeni esenyakatho, umngcele weqhwa laphakade uqala.
Ekuphakameni okungamamitha angama-4000, noma ehlobo elishisa kakhulu, cishe akunazimo zokushisa ezinhle. Ebusika, ama-avalanches angenzeka ngenxa yanoma yimuphi umsindo onokhahlo noma ukunyakaza okungaphumelelanga.
Imifula yasezintabeni, enesiyaluyalu futhi ebandayo, ivela ngesikhathi kuncibilika kwama-snows kanye namaqhwa. Ngakho-ke, izikhukhula zinamandla kakhulu entwasahlobo futhi zicishe zome ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi. I-snowmelt iyaphela ebusika, futhi imifudlana yezintaba ezinamandla inetha.
Imifula emibili emikhulu yeNyakatho neCaucasus - iTerek neKuban - inika insimu izinkantolo eziningi. Ngenxa yabo, inhlabathi evundile ye-chernozem inothile ngezilimo.
Izithelo zamavini, izivini, amasimu wetiye, izitshalo zama berry zidlula kahle endaweni eyihlane. Lezi yizici zesimo seCaucasus. Ukubanda kwezintaba kubangela ukufudumala kwamathafa naphansi kwamagquma, i-chernozem idlula emhlabathini wenhlabathi.
Amanzi amaminerali
Kufanele wazi ukuthi izici ze-North Caucasus ziyinkimbinkimbi yezici. Lokhu kufaka ibanga ukusuka olwandle, izilwandle. Uhlobo lwendawo. Ibanga ukusuka e-ikhweji nesigxobo. Ukuqondiswa kwezixuku zomoya, ubuningi bezulu.
Kwenzekile ukuthi uhlobo lweCaucasus luhluke. Kunezindawo ezivundile nezindawo ezomile. Izimbali ezisezintabeni namahlathi kaphayini. Izitebhisi ezomile nemifula egcwele. Ukuceba kwezinsiza zemvelo, ukuba khona kwamanzi amaminerali kwenza le ndawo ihehe imboni yezokuvakasha kanye nezokuvakasha.
Ukuchazwa kwesimo seCaucasus kuyamangalisa ngoba imithombo yokwelapha engaphezu kuka-70 ingatholakala endaweni yayo. Lokhu kungamanzi amaminerali abandayo, afudumele nashisayo. Bahlukile ekwakhiweni, okusiza ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni izifo:
- ipheshana esiswini,
- isikhumba
- amasistimu wokujikeleza
- uhlelo lwezinzwa.
Amanzi adume kakhulu e-hydrogen sulfide asedolobheni laseSochi. Imithombo ye-Iron - eZheleznovodsk. IHydrogen sulfide, radon - ePyatigorsk. I-Carbon dioxide - eKislovodsk, e-Essentuki.
I-Flora
Isembozo sezimila sale ndawo sihluke njengase Russia.ICaucasus ihlukaniswe yaba yizintaba, indawo esehla ngezinyawo, indawo ephansi. Ngokuya kwalokhu, ikhava yezitshalo zale ndawo iyashintsha. Kubangelwa izimo zezulu, inhlabathi, imvula.
Izintaba zezintaba - izintaba ezinohlaza, izihlahla ezinotshani. Amathanga weRhododendron anikeza imibala yamakhambi. Lapho ungathola i-juniper, isihlahla esinwabuzelayo, esivumelaniswa nendlela yokuphila yeqhwa. Amahlathi ane-wide-leaved, lapho kukhula khona i-oki, i-beech, isifuba, kanye ne-Hornbeam.
Izitshalo ezingama-Meadow-bog zishintshana nezindawo ezomile ezomile. Zigcwele amasimu wokutshala - ama-poppies, ama-irises, ama-tulips, ama-rose acacia amhlophe ne-oki.
I-Aronia imelelwa ngamasimu amabhula amakhulu, izivini. Uhlobo lweCaucasus luthandeka ezihlahleni zezithelo, izihlahlana - amaparele, iplamu yensimbi, hawthorn, ameva, izinkuni.
Fauna
Ama-steppes ahlala izilwane ezinjenge-gopher, i-jerboa, i-brown hare, i-steppe ferret, impungushe, impisi. Bacebile ngesimo sasendle saseRussia. ICaucasus, izindawo zayo eziwugwadule, zithandeka i-hedgehog ye-ered, i-gerbil comb kanye nemini, i-bunny ye-eundhen ne-corsac fox. ISaigas (i-steppe antelopes) iyatholakala. AmaRoe deer, amabhele ansundu, kanye nenyathi kuhlala emahlathini.
Uhlobo lweCaucasus lubonakala ngenqwaba yezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Isimo sezulu esinomswakama nesifudumele siyisimo esihle kakhulu sokusinda kwabo, ukuzala kabusha. Lesi yinyoka eyi-steppe kanye ne-boa constrictor, inyoka nezibungu.
Emathangeni omhlanga ungathola izingulube zasendle, ikati lomhlanga, izimpungushe. Kukhona izinyoni zamanzi, okhozi, i-kite, i-kestrel, inyoni yokuqala, i-bustard, isifebe kanye ne-crane.
Amaminerali
Uhlobo lweCaucasus lunothile ngamafutha amakhulu negesi. Amanani wamalahle namalahle ansundu, i-ores yethusi ne-manganese, i-asbestos, usawoti wamadwala abaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini.
Ucwaningo lomhlabathi selukhombisile ukuthi zonke izinsimbi ezidingekayo emnothweni kazwelonke zingatholakala eNorth Caucasus. Nansi imali:
Muva nje, ukuthuthukiswa kwamatshe okwakha kuthande ukuthandwa okubanzi. Ama-tuff lava aqinile ne-slate yophahla yaziswa kakhulu. Okwakha izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa i-Neogene limestone yendawo. INorth Caucasus idume ngokufakwa kwayo ngegogo, imabula, i-basalt. Kutholwe imali ebanjiswe ngegolide nesiliva.
Isiphetho
Izici eziphambili zesimo seNyakatho Caucasus ukuhlukahluka kwazo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezintaba eziqhakazelayo nama-aronia aphansi, iziqithi ezinezintaba ezinezintaba eziwugwadule. Imvula enkulu endaweni yasentshonalanga idlula emimoyeni eyomile yezifunda zasempumalanga.
Izivunguvungu, izingqimba zomoya ezifudumele nezibandayo zakha isici seNyakatho Caucasus. Imisuka evela oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic nolwandle iMedithera inomswakama. Izinxibi zomoya ezomile ezivela eCentral Asia nase-Iran zizungezwe umoya oshisayo.
Ukuhlanzeka, okucacile emoyeni kugcwele ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunika isikhathi eside izakhamizi zayo zomhlaba wonke. Ubusika obufudumele, obufushane, izinga eliphakeme lomkhakha wezolimo liheha abahambi. Izimpophoma eziphilisayo, amadiphozi wemithombo yemvelo enza le ndawo ihehe ngohlelo lwezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nomkhakha.
Isimo seMultilevel, imifula eminingi - ubuhle bemvelo balesifunda bugqamile ebukhazikhazini baso. Izingqangi zomlando nezamasiko zinikeza umfutho onamandla kule ndima evundile.
Uhlobo lweNyakatho Caucasus
INorth Caucasus inemithombo yemvelo eyingqayizivele, engenazo izifaniso emhlabeni. Kunezintaba eziphakeme ezineqhwa emaphethelweni nasehlathini ezinezihlahla ezibabayo, izihlahla ezinesizungu emithambekeni nasezintabeni zezintaba, kanye nemifula egeleza ngokushesha. Ezindaweni ezivulekile kukhona izitebhisi ezinotshani bezinsiba kanye nokugcwala kwesici sendawo engaphansi kwendawo. Kunezindawo eziningana zesimo sezulu kulesi sifunda. Ngokuya ngamathafa ahlukahlukene anjalo, kuye kwakheka nemvelo eyingqayizivele.
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Izitshalo
Umhlaba wezitshalo kulesi sifunda ungaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Izitshalo eziningi zikhula kuphela lapha, okungukuthi, zingabantu ababhubhayo. Lawa ama-snowdrops e-Bortkevich ne-bract poppy, ama-Blueberries aseCaucasian. Phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahlana kukhona ukhuni lwezinja, ameva, amakherubi asendle, iplamu yasolwandle, ukhula lwasolwandle, uphondo lwentshonalanga, kanye nophayini ogwayi. Kukhona nemikhakha ye-raspberry beech, i-pink daisies, i-elecampane esezintabeni. Futhi esifundeni seNyakatho Caucasus izinhlobo ezibalulekile zezitshalo zokwelapha ziyakhula: udayi wedayi kanye nomhlonyane weTaurida.
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Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezitshalo kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukulondolozwa kwemvelo namapaki emvelo, izindawo ezigcinelwe izindawo kanye nemvelo yemvelo kudaliwe.
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Umoya ojwayelekile
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p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->
IVodokras
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p, blockquote 8,0,0,0,0 ->
Iqanda eliphuzi
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Umnduze wamanzi amhlophe
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p, blockquote 12,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Broadleaf ikhathalogi
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p, blockquote 14,0,0,0,0 ->
Hornwort
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p, blockquote 16,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Urut
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p, blockquote 18,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Altai officinalis
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p, blockquote 20,0,0,0,0 ->
Asphodelina Isigebengu
p, blockquote 21,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 22,0,0,0,0 ->
Thin asphodelin
p, blockquote 23,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 24,0,0,0,0 ->
Inqama ejwayelekile (inqama yenqama)
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p, blockquote 26,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Colchicum ekwindla
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p, blockquote 28,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 29,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 30,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Belladonna (i-belladonna evamile)
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p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->
Isihlabathi sase-Immortelle
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p, blockquote 35,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 36,0,0,0,0 ->
Iwashi elinamaqabunga amathathu
p, blockquote 37,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 38,0,0,0,0 ->
Uhlamvu loosestrife
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p, blockquote 40,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Verbena officinalis
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p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Veronica melissolist
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p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Veronica ihlukaniswe
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p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Veronica filiform
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p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->
UVeronica Cock Ridge
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p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Buttercup Anemone
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p, blockquote 52,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->
Clove utshani
p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 55,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Meanium geranium
p, blockquote 56,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->
Gentian ovamile
p, blockquote 58,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Adonis intwasahlobo i-adonis
p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->
Grushanka nxazonke
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p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->
Elecampane mude
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p, blockquote 65,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Dioscorea Caucasian
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p, blockquote 67,0,0,0,0 ->
Dryad Caucasian
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p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->
Isiqalo esivamile
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p, blockquote 71,0,0,0,0 ->
ISt. Wort
p, blockquote 72,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 73,0,0,0,0 ->
Centaury ezejwayelekile
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p, blockquote 75,0,1,0,0 ->
U-Iris noma kasatik
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p, blockquote 77,0,0,0,0 ->
Katran Steven
p, blockquote 78,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 79,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Kermek Tatar
p, blockquote 80,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 81,0,0,0,0 ->
Isekethe ibhubesi-libunjiwe
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p, blockquote 83,0,0,0,0 ->
I-clove clover
p, blockquote 84,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 85,0,0,0,0 ->
Feather utshani
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p, blockquote 87,0,0,0,0 ->
Insimbi ebanzi
p, blockquote 88,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 89,0,0,0,0 ->
ISaffron
p, blockquote 90,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 91,0,0,0,0 ->
Kwangathi iminduze yesigodi
p, blockquote 92,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 93,0,0,0,0 ->
I-cinquefoil iqondile
p, blockquote 94,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 95,0,0,0,0 ->
Isikhumba semithi
p, blockquote 96,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 97,0,0,0,0 ->
Ifilakisi enezimbali ezinkulu
p, blockquote 98,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 99,0,0,0,0 ->
Ukuhlwanyela ifilakisi
p, blockquote 100,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 101,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Acid buttercup
p, blockquote 102,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 103,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Bract poppy
p, blockquote 104,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 105,0,0,0,0 ->
ILungwort
p, blockquote 106,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 107,0,0,0,0 ->
Sempervivum uphahla
p, blockquote 108,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 109,0,0,0,0 ->
I-peony leaf
p, blockquote 110,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 111,0,0,0,0 ->
Isithwathwa seqhwa laseCaucasian
p, blockquote 112,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 113,0,0,0,0 ->
Isipelingi saseSiberia
p, blockquote 114,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 115,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Repeshka ejwayelekile
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p, blockquote 117,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Spiny Tatarnik
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p, blockquote 119,0,0,0,0 ->
UThimothi utshani
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p, blockquote 121,0,0,0,0 ->
I-thyme ekholayo
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p, blockquote 123,0,0,0,0 ->
UFelipea obomvu
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Ihhashi
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p, blockquote 127,0,0,0,0 ->
I-chicory
p, blockquote 128,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 129,0,0,0,0 ->
IHellebore
p, blockquote 130,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 131,0,0,0,0 ->
Umuthi ompande omnyama
p, blockquote 132,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 133,0,0,0,0 ->
Intwasahlobo yeChistyak
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p, blockquote 135,0,0,0,0 ->
Indawo yokugcoba
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p, blockquote 137,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Orchis
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p, blockquote 139,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Orchis magenta
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p, blockquote 141,0,0,0,0 ->
U-Orchis uboniwe
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Izilwane
Ngokuya ngomhlaba wezitshalo, umhlaba wezilwane nawo usuqalile, kepha into ye-anthropogenic ihlala iwulimaza. Yize manje kunokukhathazeka mayelana nokunyamalala kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane. Abanye abantu badela isikhathi noma umzamo wokubuyisela abantu. Isibonelo, ibhuku elimnyama nembuzi yaseHungary zazisondele.
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AmaChamois kanye nezimbuzi zasendle, ama-lynx kanye nezinyamazane, izinyamazane zozwane kanye namabhere ahlala eNyakatho Caucasus. E-steppe kukhona amajezi nama-hare-hare, ama-hedgehogs nama-hamsters. Kulaba bantu abazingelayo, impisi, insimbi, impungushe, isivivinyo sokuzingela lapha. Amakati asendle kanye nama-martens, amabhulukwe nezinkukhu zasendle zihlala emahlathini eCaucasus. Emapaki ungathola ama-squirrels angabesabi abantu futhi athathe izintambo ezandleni zabo.
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Ibheji elivamile
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p, blockquote 147,0,0,0,0 ->
Umhlaba Hare (ijezi enkulu)
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p, blockquote 149,0,0,0,0 ->
Roe deer
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p, blockquote 151,1,0,0,0 ->
Boar
p, blockquote 152,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 153,0,0,0,0 ->
Isigcawu seCaucasian
p, blockquote 154,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 155,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 156,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 157,0,0,0,0 ->
Umlandeli weCaucasian
p, blockquote 158,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 159,0,0,0,0 ->
Caucasian bezoar mbuzi
p, blockquote 160,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 161,0,0,0,0 ->
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zaseCaucasian
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p, blockquote 163,0,0,0,0 ->
Inyosi yaseCaucasian
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p, blockquote 165,0,0,0,0 ->
Uhambo lwaseCaucasian
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p, blockquote 167,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Korsak (i-steppe fox)
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p, blockquote 169,0,0,0,0 ->
Ingwe
p, blockquote 170,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 171,0,0,0,0 ->
Pine marten
p, blockquote 172,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 173,0,0,0,0 ->
I-dormouse yehlathi
p, blockquote 174,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 175,0,0,0,0 ->
Gopher omncane
p, blockquote 176,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 177,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Central Asia Leopard
p, blockquote 178,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 179,0,0,0,0 ->
Imisipha emicu
p, blockquote 180,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 181,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Prometey vole
p, blockquote 182,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 183,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Lynx
p, blockquote 184,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 185,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Saiga (saiga)
p, blockquote 186,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 187,0,0,0,0 ->
Chamois
p, blockquote 188,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 189,0,0,0,0 ->
Isithwathwa seqhwa
p, blockquote 190,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 191,0,0,0,0 ->
I-porcupine ehlanganisiwe
p, blockquote 192,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 193,0,0,0,0 ->
UJackal
p, blockquote 194,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 195,0,0,0,0 ->
Izimpophoma
Izivakashi zinombono omangazayo: i-ethebhulethi elisicaba liyaphazanyiswa kungazelelwe, bese umfula uvela esiqongweni sentaba yengozi embi, undiza eduze kwamatshe amibalabala. Lo mfudlana odonsayo elangeni udlala ngayo yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka.
Ezintabeni zemigwaqo yeNyakatho Ossetia-Alania, kutholakala isigodi saseMidagrabinsky Waterfalls. Izivakashi zinombono omangazayo - izimpophoma eziyi-14 zehla emaweni, zisakazwa nje esibhakabhakeni. Phakathi kokuqukethwe kweNorth Caucasus, iGreat Zaigelan yaziwa izivakashi, okusho ukuthi “ukuwa kwama-avalanche” ngolimi lwendawo. Lesi isiphethu esiphakeme kunazo zonke samanzi aseYurophu. Iphethe amanzi ayo ngaphansi kwenguzunga yeqhwa eshisayo esuka endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-650-700, bese kuthi okuncane okuncane kuvule enye indawo yokwehla kwamanzi omfula - i-Little Zeigelan. Ngenxa yokuhluka okubukhali kokuphakama, iBig Zeigelan ifakwa ezikhungweni zamanzi eziyishumi eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngenkathi ebusika, lapho kuncibilika iqhwa leqhwa laseMidagrabin, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuguquka kube amakholomu e-ice adonsela ama-extension - abakhuphuki beqhwa.
Izinyoni
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni kulesi sifunda: amakhozi kanye namamitha okuhlala, ama-kites nabashisi, izigwaca kanye namawa. Eduze kwemifula kuhlala amadada, ama-pheasants, ama-carta. Kukhona izinyoni ezifudukayo, futhi kukhona ezihlala lapha unyaka wonke.
p, blockquote 196,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Alpine swirl
p, blockquote 197,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 198,0,0,0,0 ->
Isithombo seGriffon
p, blockquote 199,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 200,0,0,0,0 ->
Ukhozi lwegolide
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p, blockquote 202,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 203,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 204,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 205,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 206,0,0,0,0 ->
Isithombo esinsundu noma esimnyama
p, blockquote 207,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 208,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Woodcock
p, blockquote 209,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 210,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Blackstart redstart
p, blockquote 211,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 212,0,0,0,0 ->
Izinqola zasezintabeni
p, blockquote 213,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 214,0,0,0,0 ->
UBustard noma uDudak
p, blockquote 215,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 216,0,0,0,0 ->
U-Woodpecker luhlaza
p, blockquote 217,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 218,0,0,0,0 ->
I-European Tuvik (i-Hawk enemilenze emifushane)
p, blockquote 219,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 220,0,0,0,0 ->
Okuphuzi
p, blockquote 221,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 222,0,0,0,0 ->
Zaryanka
p, blockquote 223,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 224,0,0,0,0 ->
Udla inyama yezinyosi eluhlaza
p, blockquote 225,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 226,0,0,0,0 ->
Inyoka idla
p, blockquote 227,0,0,1,0 ->
p, blockquote 228,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 229,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 230,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Caucasian grouse emnyama
p, blockquote 231,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 232,0,0,0,0 ->
Isi-Ular yaseCaucasian
p, blockquote 233,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 234,0,0,0,0 ->
Caucasian pheasant
p, blockquote 235,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 236,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Partridge
p, blockquote 237,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 238,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Caspian Ular
p, blockquote 239,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 240,0,0,0,0 ->
Klest-elovik
p, blockquote 241,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 242,0,0,0,0 ->
ULinnet
p, blockquote 243,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 244,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Korostel (i-dergach)
p, blockquote 245,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 246,0,0,0,0 ->
I-back-hand reel
p, blockquote 247,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 248,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 249,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 250,0,0,0,0 ->
Kurgannik
p, blockquote 251,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 252,0,0,0,0 ->
Meching Meadow
p, blockquote 253,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 254,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 255,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 256,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Muscovite noma i-black tit
p, blockquote 257,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 258,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Redstart ejwayelekile
p, blockquote 259,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 260,0,0,0,0 ->
I-greenfinch ejwayelekile
p, blockquote 261,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 262,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Commonoleole
p, blockquote 263,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 264,0,0,0,0 ->
Umlimi ojwayelekile
p, blockquote 265,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 266,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Kingfisher
p, blockquote 267,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 268,0,0,0,0 ->
Isiwula
p, blockquote 269,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 270,0,0,0,0 ->
I-dipper
p, blockquote 271,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 272,0,0,0,0 ->
ISteppe ukhozi
p, blockquote 273,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 274,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 275,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 276,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 277,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 278,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Pischa evamile
p, blockquote 279,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 280,0,0,0,0 ->
Inyanga yensimu
p, blockquote 281,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 282,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Partridge
p, blockquote 283,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 284,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 285,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 286,0,0,0,0 ->
UJay
p, blockquote 287,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 288,0,0,0,0 ->
I-Stenolaz (i-stenolaz ebomvu-enamaphiko)
p, blockquote 289,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 290,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 291,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 292,0,0,0,0 ->
Owl
p, blockquote 293,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 294,0,0,0,0 ->
UFlamingo
p, blockquote 295,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 296,0,0,0,0 ->
Ingulube emnyama
p, blockquote 297,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 298,0,0,0,0 ->
Okumnyama
p, blockquote 299,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 300,0,0,0,0 ->
IGoldfinch
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Umhlaba wemvelo eNyakatho neCaucasus uhlukile futhi awunakulinganiswa. Kuhlaba umxhwele ngokuhlukahluka nangobukhulu. Leli nani kuphela elidinga ukugcinwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebevele benze okubi okuningi esimweni salomhlaba.
Izindlovu zokugcwalisa
Kutholakale umbhangqwana ongafani wezindlovu zasendulo zaseningizimu eStavropol. Wonke amathambo endlovu yemvelo, avela ezinhlotsheni zezilwane ezincelisayo, angukutholwa okungafani nalutho ngokwendalo. Kunemibukiso emihlanu efanayo emhlabeni, eminyuziyamu yaseParis, eTbilisi, naseSt. Kepha e-Stavropol kuphela kwafunyanwa izinto zakudala zakudala. Lezi zindlovu zaseningizimu zahlala eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1-1.8 edlule, indlovu yavunjwa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 kunendlovu: yatholakala ngonyaka we-2007, kanti indlovu uqobo lwayo ibingumbukiso eStavropol Museum-Reserve iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili.
Izimbali zaseNyakatho Caucasus
Ukunotha kwezimbali zaseNyakatho Caucasus kungenxa yezici zokukhululeka, okuthe noma kunjalo, kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwakha izindawo ezihlukene zezulu emasimini esifundeni. Akuyona indima encane ekwakhiweni kwezimila ezahlukahlukene futhi okubukeka yadlalwa yindawo "yezindaba ezinengi": ngaphezulu kwendawo encanyana (1.5% yensimu yeRussian Federation), izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha zikhula.
Ukuhluka kwezimbali zaseNyakatho Caucasus kulele ekutheni indawo ebekiwe iphulwa lapha: amagquma nezintaba ezinamadwala ambozwe ngesihlahlana esinezihlahla nezihlahlana, kanti futhi, ngokwephula imithetho, ezindaweni “ezingamakhandlela” ezingemuva kwesimo sezulu esishintsha kakhulu, ngakho-ke izitshalo ukukhula kule ndawo kumele "kukhuphuke" endaweni ephakeme, engajwayelekile kubo ngamagama ajwayelekile.
Umhlaba wezitshalo weNyakatho neCaucasus ubonakala ngokukhula, okungukuthi, uhlobo oluthile lwezitshalo lukhona kuphela kule ndawo. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani elikhulu lezitshalo ezingeniswa kusuka kwezinye izindawo zikhula esifundeni, ezihlanganisa ngokushesha futhi zihlanganiswe kahle izimbali zasendle: izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana, izihlahla ezibalulekile, izitshalo zokwelapha nezokuhlobisa.
Ngezici zayo zemvelo, i-North Caucasus iseduze ne-Asia, ngakho-ke, abamele izimbali ezingaphansi komhlaba baqala kahle lapha.
Izilwane zasendle zaseNyakatho Caucasus
Izici zezwe nezindawo zesimo sezulu ezathonya ukwakheka kwezimbali zaseNyakatho neCaucasian, ngezinga elifanayo, zithinte inani labantu bendawo ngezilwane nezinyoni. Umuntu uphinde wanikela, kumele kushiwo, kude ne-positive. Ngenxa yempilo yakhe, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zase ziseduze kokuqothulwa, inani lawo manje selibuyiselwa ngobunzima obukhulu nezindleko. Izimbuzi zaseHungary kanye nezingwamza ezimnyama zibhalwe ku-Red Book.
Izilwane zasendle ezihlala njalo eNyakatho neCaucasus izingulube zasendle, izimbuzi zasezintabeni, ama-chamois kanye nama-invertebrates (spider) angaphezu kwenkulungwane. Kwabazingeli, kutholakala i-lynx, edla, ihlasela izingulube nezinyamazane, futhi amabhere asendle, amancane kunalawo ansundu, ahlala ezifundeni eziphakathi neRussia, nawo atholakala. Baziphatha ngokuthula ngokuphelele futhi badla izithelo ezivuthiwe zeparele yasendle, isifuba.
Ama-Otter, ama-mink angavamile ukuhlala eduze nemifula lapho azingela khona izinhlanzi. Umndeni wezinyoni umelelwa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200: turkey yasentabeni, i-Caucasian black grouse, i-lark, i-alpine grouse emnyama.
Indunduma ehlukile
I-Sarykum enkulu kunazo zonke zendunduma eseDagestan, ngaphezu kwalokho, inkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Ikhuphuka ifike kumamitha ayi-250 futhi inobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-3000, futhi indawo yalo lonke udundulu cishe ingamahektare angama-600. ISarykum yindunduma eyingqayizivele, ngoba ayitholakali enkangala, kepha eduze kweKapchugai Gorge ebabazekayo, noMfula iShura-Ozen unqunywe phakathi. Еще одна специфичность Сарыкума в том, что он недвижим и устойчив.
Сердце Чечни
Мечеть "Сердце Чечни", построенную в Грозном в рекордный срок – в течение двух лет, по праву называют архитектурным чудом 21-ого века. Располагается она на площади, превышающей 5000 квадратных метров, и может принять одновременно до 20 тысяч прихожан. В мечети применена техника росписи из 16-ого века, а сама она сооружена в османском стиле. Белоснежный мрамор, оригинальный купол, высокие минареты, восхитительная золотая роспись, 36 шикарных люстр с чеченским узором. Архитектура святого места, шикарный парк, разноцветные фонтаны – все это вызывает восторг у ее посетителей независимо от вероисповедания или национальности. Храм потрясает своим величием. "Сердце Чечни" непременно нужно посмотреть в темноте, когда подсвечивается вся мечеть.
Голубые озера
Природа Северного Кавказа не перестает удивлять туристов. Пятерка восхитительных карстовых озер притаилась среди ущелья в Кабардино-Балкарии. В них хранятся тайны природы, на которые ученые до сих пор ищут ответы. Например, Нижнее озеро не снабжается речными водами, хотя каждый день оно тратит до 70 миллионов литров воды, а его объем и глубина при таком расходе совсем не уменьшаются. Elinye igama laso - iTserik-Kel - ungenye yamachibi ajulile eYurophu. Emini, iyakwazi ukuguqula umbala ize izikhathi ezi-16 - isuka ku-azure iye ku-emerald, kodwa ibe nokushisa okuzinzile kwamanzi: hhayi okuphakeme kune- + 9 0 С unyaka wonke.
Amabhela
INorth Caucasus ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa eRussia lapho kuye kwagcinwa khona amawashi - isibonelo esimnandi sesiko lakuqala labaphezulu. Babekhona ezifundeni ezinjengeNyakatho Caucasus njenge-Ossetia, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Chechnya neKabardino-Balkaria. Lezi zinhlaka zazinomsebenzi wokuhlala nendawo yokuzivikela, yingakho zabizwa njengezokugada nokuzivikela. Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa izitha, inqwaba yokwakha ayilondolozwanga. Iningi lemibhoshongo laliwumndeni, umndeni ngamunye ohlonipha izimpande zawo wakubheka njengendaba yokuhlonipha ukwakha umbhoshongo wawo. Ngokwesiko lakudala, umbhoshongo wesizwe kwakumelwe wakhelwe esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka, ngaphandle kwalokho umndeni wawubhekwa njengongasebenzi kahle. Kwakhiwa umbhoshongo onjalo, njengomthetho, hhayi kude nedolobhana, ezindaweni ezinokubonakala okuhle. Amawashi ahlanganisa ukuhlonishwa komndeni, ubumbano nokungasabi kwabantu abasezintabeni eziseNyakatho Caucasus.
