Iya kusihloko sesigaba: Izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs

UCoophoph Baura owatholakala eNyakatho Melika ngonyaka we-1881. Ngo-1889, igama elithi celophysis lavela ku-Edward Cope, okusho ukuthi "amafomu angenalutho", i.e. Ngiqonde amathambo akhe angenalutho. Kwathi ngo-1947, kwafunyanwa wonke amathuna edayinaso eNew Mexico, ekumbeni okwaziwa ngokuthi iM Ghost Ranch. Futhi kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwezinsalela ezitholakele zamadayinas asendulo ayikhulu, amathambo amancanyana amancanyana ahlanganiswe esiswini (esifubeni) emikhondweni yeminye yawo.

Kuze kufike ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000s, bekukholelwa ukuthi i-celophysis kwakuyi-cannibal, ngenxa yamathambo ama-celophysis cubs atholakala esiswini sedayinaso endala. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka we-2002, kwavezwa umbono wokuthi lezi amasampula akhonjwa ngendlela engafanele, kanti izikhathi ezimbalwa zama- "calophysis cubs" empeleni zaphenduka izidalwa ezincane zikaHesperosuchus.

Ubukhulu be-celophysis babususelwa kumamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu ubude ukusuka esiqeshini sesifumbu kuya esiqongweni somsila, futhi ngamamitha angaba yikhulu ukuphakama. Ahamba emilenzeni eqinile ngemuva, elawula ngokuzilahla umsila omude oqonde ngasekupheleni. I-celophysus isisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-15-30, ngokwesilinganiso cishe angama-20. I-celophys baura yayinomzimba omusa kakhulu, cishe okukhombisa amandla ayo okugijima kahle. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uyidayinaso yakudala, ukwakheka komzimba wakhe kwase kwehluke kakhulu kuloku njengoHerrerasaurus no-Eoraptor. Umzimba we-cellophysis ngokubukeka uhambelana ne-theropods, noma ezinye izici ezithokozisayo zibonisa ibhande lesifuba. Ngakho-ke izinhlobo ze-Coelophysis bauri zazine-furcula encane, lesi yisibonelo sokuqala esaziwa kakhulu sokuba khona kwaso kuma-dinosaurs. UTselofis Baura naye wayeneminwe emine ngaphambili.

UTselofizis, ngokusobala, wayengumhlaseli oyingozi, ngoba wagijima kahle futhi wayenamazinyo abukhali kakhulu. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi wayehlala futhi azingele ngamaqembu, ehlasela izisulu zakhe ndawonye. UTselofizis wayehlukaniswa yi-agility engavamile, futhi ngokusobala wayekwazi ngisho nokubamba udrako wakudala epheshaneni. I-celophysis ayidlanga nje kuphela ukugijima nokuxhuma izilwane, kepha yayingahlukanga ukonakalisa izidleke zabanye abantu futhi ijabulisa namaqanda.

I-Celophysis ingelinye lama-dinosaurs amadala. I-coelophysis yaphila ngasekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Triassic - iminyaka ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-215 edlule kulokho manje okuyiNyakatho Melika. Okwamanje akukacaci ukuthi kungani banyamalala, ngoba ngesikhathi esizayo kwakungekho abasosayensi abanamathela.

Iqiniso: Ama-dinosaurs amakhulu kakhulu omzimba ayehlala eJurassic noma eCretaceous. Lezo ezazihlala ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi se-Triassic - ngokwesibonelo, i-physiophysis - zazincane kakhulu, kanti ezinye zazingadluli usayizi wenkukhu yesimanje.

Umkhawulo we-Baura

Iya kwesobunxele kusuka kumaNkundla aseNtwasahlobo kuya kusiginali. Ukusuka kulo, iya kwesokudla, ubheke eBaur Reach. Ukwenza ibhele ligudluke, sebenzisa igagasi lamaphiko. Khuluma noBaur ngaphandle. Iya ngakwesokudla, khuphukela kwesobunxele (indlela eya kwesokudla ivinjelwe ngamasango enkuni) emalokishini amabili. Eqa ngakwesobunxele emsileni obandayo bese ucindezela phansi ibhulokhi lamatshe. Uzoshaya indlela engezansi.

Yehla lapho, ubulale izitha, bese ufaka uthango lwamaphiko ku-boiler ngakwesobunxele. Lapho umlilo we-projectile uqhuma, sebenzisa isisusa ukuze usihambise ngakwesokunene, phezu kwesisekelo esinamanzi. Uyokhanyisa. Phuma, ukhwele lapho kwakukhona khona itshe lelo, kepha ukusuka emsileni weqa uye ngakwesokudla, uye kwisitshalo esikuvalayo. Khuphukela odongeni olungakwesokudla bese ulindela isitshalo ukuthi sikhale. Ukusuka projectile, ukundiza ezinye izitshalo ezishayayo. Ngakho-ke ufika amandla. Ukusebenzise futhi uzobona ukuthi indima ivulekile. Yehla bese ulandela kwesokudla ngokusebenzisa ukuvulwa okwenziwe.

Yehla uhlule iGorlek ngesihlangu. Menze ashaye iklabhu, agijime abuyele kwesobunxele abuya nejezi. Shaya izikhathi ezimbalwa bese uphinda isenzo. Noma, uma kukhona ukugxuma kathathu, gxuma njalo futhi uhlasele ngemuva. Bese uthinta amaphiko akho ubheke ebhuthini bese umfutho ukhanyisela isibane kwesokudla. Khetha i-engela ephansi (ukuze ukukhanya kukhanye cishe phezulu). Kuzodingeka ukuthi uyilande kaningi ukuze uyihambise ku-pedestal ye-icy. Uyokhanyisa.

Ukuhamba kwesokudla akunamsebenzi, ngakho-ke phuma emgodini bese ukhwela phezulu odongeni olungakwesokudla. Okokuqala ngosizo lomsila, bese kulandela isidalwa esikhala. Ukusuka esidalweni, gxumela kwesokudla bese ulinda. Makukhale, bese endizela phezulu nangakwesobunxele, esihlahleni esivaliwe. Namathela umsila bese uthola ku-niche ngakwesobunxele I-Gorlekov ore. Buyela esidalweni, gxumela kwesokudla bese ulinda. Ukusuka projectile, endiza phezulu futhi sifinyelele phakathi kwezitshalo zokuvala. Kuzoba nesihlabathi nokusikwa okunzima kwesokunxele. Uma ukwazi ukudabula esihlabathini, landela lapho. Lapha udinga ukusebenzisa izihlabathi ezinesihlabathi, ezinyamalalayo ukuthi zingami kuzo, kodwa ukundiza ubheke phezulu usebenzisa i-CTRL. Phezulu phezulu kufihliwe Umoya Wokuqina Wempilo (uma unezimpilo ezingaphezu kwesigamu sempilo ephezulu, lapho-ke uzokwenza umonakalo omkhulu).

Eqa igatsha ngakwesokunene bese ukhuluma noTokk. Iya yonke indlela ngakwesokunene bese ukhuphuka amanzi acwebile. Isitezi esingezansi kuzoba i-cauldron. Beka amaphiko akho ebhuthini, ngemuva kokuphakama kwesobunxele sayo. Yeqa phansi kwesobunxele. Lapho ukukhanya kuzokuwa phansi, sebenzisa umfutho bese ukuqondisela ku-icyy pedestal.

Manje ngidinga ukuqoqa okhiye bamatshe. Khuphuka lapho kwakuneqhwa khona emanzini. Eqa i-niche ngakwesokudla, enama-spikes, uthathe ukhiye wamatshe wokuqala. Shaya induku bese undiza phezulu ukuthola ophahleni ukhiye wetshe lesibili. Yehlela ezansi kwisisekelo esivuthayo. Namathela umsila wesitshalo uthathe ukhiye wamatshe wesithathu. Khetha isikhashana bese ugxuma uphume emsileni ofanayo. Finyelela kubamba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bese undiza ngakwesokunene, usebenzisa umfutho osuka kumagobolondo ukukhetha ukhiye wetshe lesine. Njengoba uqoqe zonke izinkinobho, yehlela ngakwesokudla ngezansi futhi uvule umnyango wamatshe. Xhumana noMuthi ukuze uthole ikhono "Ukuqhuma Kukhanya" (ungakha bese uphonsa ama-fireball, lapho ungaphindisela khona). Lungisa ikhono lokhiye othile.

Umsebenzi ohlangothini "Ukutshala Izinsimu". Ukusuka esihlahleni, iya kwesokudla bese ungena endlini kaTali. Phonsa ibhola lomlilo kwikhandlela kusuka phezulu ukuvula indlela eya kwesokudla. Ukudla okudlela endlini imbewu engaqondakali.

Buyela esihlahleni bese unyibilika iqhwa ngakwesobunxele. Faka isikhangiso bese uncibilikisa iqhwa kusuka phezulu. Phonsa i-projectile phezulu kanye nokuthonya okuvela kuyo kukhuphuke phezulu. Ukusuka eTokka yehle bese uncibilikisa u-ayisi endimeni engakwesokudla. Yenza kusebenze kahle lemimoya. Kuyi-niche efanayo engezansi (kufihliwe) umthombo wemimoya kukhona umhume weLupo. Ungakwazi thenga iBaura Reach ikhadi ngezikhafu eziyi-125.

Yehlela ezansi lapho usebenzise khona umfutho izikhathi eziningana ukuletha ukukhanya kunezinyawo. Iya kwesokudla ukhanyise ikhandlela ngaphezulu. Kuzovulwa ibhuloho kusuka ngezansi. Ndiza usebenzisa izimpaphe.

Ukukhuphukela phezulu, ungene esithelweni ngakwesokudla, phonsa i-projectile yomlilo bese ucindezela phezulu phezulu ngethonya. Yeqa e-ledge ngakwesobunxele, uye endaweni evaliwe. Phonsa i-projectile bese uyisebenzisa ukuze weqe phezulu. Ukusuka kule nqobelo thatha inhloso bese uphonsa iprojectile yomlilo kukhandlela elingakwesokunxele phezulu. Uzovula indinyana. Dlula kuyo bese uyasebenza umthombo wesibili wemimoya.

Iya ngqo egqumeni lapho ukhanyise khona ikhandlela futhi uzobona isihlahla esikhulu. Dubula ibhola lomlilo eqhweni ngaphansi kwesiqu somuthi bese ugibela izikebhe ukuze ungachotshozwa. I-snowball egoqekayo izoshaya udonga, futhi uzobona isihlabathi. Uma ukwazi ukudlula kukho, kwenze ukuthola isiqeshana seseli lokuphila. Yeqa ngakwesokunene selog, ujikeleze izitshalo eziningana zokuvala bese uqaphela ikhandlela ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla. Khuphukela esitshalweni esingaphezulu kwesokunxele. Lapho i-slam, imi nje ngaphezu kwayo, inesikhathi sokuphonsa ibhola lomlilo ekhandlela. Izokhanyisa, futhi kuvuleke indinyana ngezansi. Manje ndiza phansi. Kunamanzi lapha. Yeqa echibini elingakwesobunxele bese ubhukuda kwesobunxele ukuthola isikhangiso Shard of mizimu "ukuphambana" (ukuqhuma okukhanyayo kungahlukaniswa kube amabhola amathathu omlilo). Finyelela phezulu, ukhuphukele esisekelweni esivuthayo bese ushaya amabhodi ukudala indlela emfushane.

Bhukuda uqonde emanzini. Ekugcineni kuzoba nesitshalo sokuvala. Yima ngakwesokudla kwakhe, onqenqemeni, bese uphonsa i-projectile yomlilo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi leli gobolondo libheke ezandleni zakho (okungukuthi, awunaso isikhathi sokwenza lokhu kusuka esitshalweni, lizovala ngokushesha). Ngakho-ke, kufanele sime eduze kwesitshalo. Sebenzisa i-projectile ukukhuphukela phezulu, kundlela evulwe ngaphambilini. Iya kwesokudla futhi ulwe nezilo ezikuhlasela ngemuva kokuvalwa kweminyango.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhuloho lizovuleka. Awudingi ukuya lapho, ngoba lena indlela emfushane eya eStrand Fields. Kodwa-ke, ukwehla, ungathola ukuhamba komoya lapho ungaqoqa khona okhiye abane bamatshe. Ngemuva kwalokho vula umnyango oholela ezinyaweni imimoya yokujaha. Ngezansi kwesisekelo esineqhwa. Kukhanyise nge-fireball bese ungene emanzini. Iya ngakwesokunxele emuva kwezitshalo bese uthola egumbini elincane Catardst Umoya Shard (Umonakalo we-melee ungaguqulelwa amandla).

Buyela phezulu lapho ulwe khona nezitha egumbini elivalekile. Manje udinga ukukhuphukela phezulu. Sebenzisa umsinga wepeni nomoya. Bese - izicishamlilo kanye namagobolondo ansomi kusuka kwezibhamu. Uzodinga ukuphonsa ibhola lomlilo, ukundiza bese usebenzisa igobolondo elinsomi ukuze ube segatsheni. Phezulu, suka kwesobunxele, ubuke ama-cutscene, bese ubalekela iScream. Bukela ividiyo. Ungasuka eBaura uye kwesokudla, ukhuphukele izibani ezimbili bese ujikela kwesokunxele. Thatha amanzi acwebezelayo bese ukhanyisa izisekelo, bese ukhetha I-Gorlekov ore.

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Incazelo

Ubukhulu be-cellophysis bufinyelelwe kusuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu ubude nohafu wamamitha ukuphakama. Isisindo ngamakhilogremu ayi-15-30. Isidumbu sonke sathola igama laso kwa-Edward Cope ngonyaka we-1889, sisho "ifomu elingenalutho" ngokubhekisele emathanjeni akhe angenalutho.

AbakwaTselofiz babenomzimba omusa kakhulu, cishe okukhombisa amandla akhe okugijima kahle. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uyidayinaso yakudala, ukwakheka komzimba wakhe kwase kwehluke kakhulu ezilwaneni ezinjenge-herrerasaurus ne-eoraptor. Umzimba we-cellophysis uhambelana nama -roprop, kepha ibhande lesifuba libonisa izici ezithile ezithokozisayo: Coelophysis bauri kwakukhona okuthiwa imfoloko encane (i-furcula), isibonelo sokuqala esaziwayo sama-dinosaurs. I-coelophysis nayo yayineminwe emine ngaphambili.

Indlela yokuphila

Ama-coelophyses ayengabadli abayingozi. Bazingela izibankwa ezinkulu kunabo, futhi ngokungangabazeki badla i-carrion.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-2000s, bekuphakanyiswa ukuthi i-coelophysis kwakuyi-cannibal, ngokusekelwe ekutheni ku I-Ghost ranch ithambo lesifo se-baby cellophysis latholakala esiswini sedayinaso endala (le nguqulo yaboniswa ochungechungeni oluthi “Ukuhamba NamaDinosaurs”). Kodwa-ke, uBob Gay ngonyaka ka-2002 waphakamisa ukuthi amasampula la achazwa ngokungeyikho (izikhathi ezimbalwa zama- "cubs of physiophysis" empeleni ayizilwane ezinwabuzelayo, njengokuthi I-Hesperosuchus), nokuthi akusekho bufakazi obuxhasa ukusekelwa kwe-cannibalism ku-Celophysis. Ukufundwa kukaBob Gay kwaqinisekiswa ngonyaka ka-2006 ngezifundo ezalandela ezenziwa nguNesbitt nozakwabo. Ukutholwa okusha kokuqukethwe esiswini sama-cellophyses kungacacisa lolu daba.