Ukubuka kusatshalaliswa endaweni. Kwenzeka eNtshonalanga Yurophu eningizimu ye-62_ enyakatho ye-latitude, ihlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, e-Urals, Altai naseSouthern Siberia (kuya eYakutia), eCaucasus, eTranscaucasia, eMongolia, eTurkey, nasezintabeni zase-Asia Ephakathi.

U-Apollo ukhetha izintaba. Lapha uhlala emahlathini aphayini we-pine, eduze kwemifula yezintaba nemifudlana, kwesinye isikhathi ukhuphuka aze afike ku-char. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uvemvane lubonwa emameleni angaphansi nasezintabeni ezigeleza ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme efinyelela kuma-2500 m ngaphezu kolwandle (e-Asia - kuze kufike ku-3000 m). Emathafeni, kutholakala emaphethelweni nasezihlathini zamahlathi aqothulayo futhi anobuhlakani, kanye nasekuchweni.

Kubukeka kanjani

I-Apollo ingesinye sezimvemvane zaseYurophu ezibonakalayo, ezinkulu kunazo zonke zohlobo lwazo. Amaphiko afinyelela ku-7-9,5 cm futhi aphuzi kubantu abasanda kuphuma esigungwini. Yize uvemvane lungowomndeni wezikebhe zesikebhe (amanenekazi), alunemisila ehlukile ezimpondweni zezinduna - ziyindilinga. Amadevu ngenhlamvu emnyama. Amehlo abushelelezi, makhulu, afakelwe amashubhu amancane, lapho kukhula khona izinhlanzana ezimfushane. Iduna linamaphiko angaphambili amhlophe qwa, linemiphetho ebonakala ngengilazi namabala amnyama, izimpiko zangemuva zimhlophe ngamehlo amabili abomvu, umnyombo omhlophe kanye nokuhlangana okumnyama. Izinto zephethini zincane kunezinsikazi.

Isifuba nesisu kumbozwe izinwele ezinde zokuqina. U-Apollo wesifazane ubukeka egqamile futhi ebukeka kakhulu. Ukucoliswa kwamaphiko aso akumenyezelwa kangako, emaphethelweni angaphandle ayadlula. Umbala wangemuva une-tint grey. Iphiko langaphambili lihlotshiswe ngamabala amahlanu amnyama, ingemuva - okubili okukhulu okukhulu okubomvu. Isisu esimnyama nesicwebezelayo cishe singenazinwele.

Isibungu esincane simnyama ngombala, sinezindawo ezinamabala amhlophe ezinhlangothini, kanye namaqhubu ezinwele ezimnyama. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, ifinyelela ku-5 cm ubude, iba mnyama ngokweqile, futhi engxenyeni ngayinye ezinhlangothini kuvela i-wart eyodwa yombala wensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezindawo ezimbili ezibomvu ze-orange- ezinkulu nezincane.

Indlela Yokuphila Nebhayoloji

Ukuthuthukiswa Butterfly kwenzeka esizukulwaneni esisodwa. Indiza yabantu abadala iqala ngoJuni bese iphela ngo-Agasti - Septhemba. Ukuhamba ngendiza kuhamba kahle, kuhamba kancane. Isinambuzane sivame ukuhlala ezimbali, hhayi ngokwesaba, ngenkuthalo xaxa ntambama. Abesifazane bavame ukuhlala otshanini, futhi lapho besengozini, bangakwazi ukuphuma esibhakabhakeni futhi bahambe ibanga elingamamitha ayi-100. Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngezindlela ezihlukile: kwabesifazane - ngokushesha ngemuva kokushiya i-pupa, emadodeni - kuphela ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu. Ngemuva kokuzalela, owesilisa akha i-hard chitin bulge (sphragis) ezansi kwesisu sowesifazane, okungafaki ukumanyelwa okuphindaphindwe ngomunye owesilisa. I-Apollo insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-80 kuya kwangama-125, iwabeke kahle ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesitshalo soklaba noma eduze naso. Amaqanda ngokwawo amhlophe, ngalinye lawo linomgodi omncane maphakathi nengxenye engenhla. Izinambuzane ezakhiwe zichitha kuleli gobolondo ubusika bonke nobusika kuphela ngo-Ephreli - Juni. Ukakhokho ukhetha isimo sezulu esinelanga, kuyilapho ukucasha kufihlahlwe otshanini. Isitshalo esikhulu sokudla kuye izinhlobo ezihlukile ze-stonecrop (Sedum spp.), Kepha angadla amaqabunga neziqu zeminye amakhambi, njengomphimbo (Sempervivum sp.). I-pupa ya uvemvane iyindilinga futhi iminyene, inobude obuyi-1.8-22.4 cm. Ekuqaleni, in nsundu ekhanyayo enama-translucent integs, izindawo eziningi zezinwele eziphuzi ezinemibala emnyama emnyama ziyabonakala ezinhlangothini. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, i-pupa iba mnyama bese imbozwa ngentambo eluhlaza eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kulesi sigaba sokuthuthuka, i-Apollo isuka kwelinye isonto kuya kwamathathu.

Uvemvane lathola igama lakhe elithile ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu wasendulo wamaGrikhi wobuhle nokukhanya - u-Apollo. Izinhlobo zitholakala ngokuhlukahluka okumangazayo. Ichaza ngaphezu kwama-600 amafomu we-intraspecific angenayo okwendawo okusobala, kanye nama-subspecies angaphezu kwe-10 ahlukile kulokho okusephetheni elisemaphikweni.

Kungeniswe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu

Izinhlobo azinakho ukuzivumelanisa okukhethekile nokuhamba amabanga amade, ngakho-ke ukunyamalala kwayo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yebanga kuvame ukubuyiselwa. Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla okubukhali kwamanani ukubhujiswa kwendawo yemvelo (ukuqothulwa kwamahlane, ukuwa kwentwasahlobo, ukulima kwemiphetho). EYurophu, ukushisa komhlaba nakho kuthinteka kabi. Amahlathi ebusika afaka isandla ekuvukeni kokuqala kweziqubu futhi kuholele ekubambekeni kwazo kusuka kumagobolondo amaqanda ngisho nangaphambi kokuba okuphakelayo kuqale futhi kumiswe isimo sezulu esifudumele.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Umbuso: izilwane (Animalia).
Uhlobo: i-arthropods (Arthropoda).
Ibanga: izinambuzane (Insecta).
Isigcawu: ILepidoptera (Lepidoptera).
Umndeni: izikebhe zesikebhe (Papilionidae).
Ubulili: Parnassius
Buka: Apollo (Parnassius apollo).

Imvelaphi yegama

Kungani uvemvane i-Apollo laqanjwa ngegama likankulunkulu wamaGrikhi wokukhanya, umvikeli wezobuciko kanye nomholi wezinyamazane eziyisishiyagalolunye, manje akekho ozosho ngokuqinisekile. Singakha kuphela imibono yethu kuleli banga. Uvemvane muhle kakhulu. Kukhulu, kukhanya ngombala, kuyabonakala kukude. Prefers amathafa asezintabeni. Mhlawumbe waqanjwa ngomunye wonkulunkulu ngenxa yobuhle bayo neqiniso lokuthi uyakuthanda ukuhlala eduze nelanga.

U-Apollo uvemvane: incazelo nendlela yokuphila

Ngolimi lwesayensi olomile, u-Apollo uluvemvane wosuku lomndeni wemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi (i-Papilionidae). Igama eligcwele - Apollo Sailboat (Parnasiaus apollo). Uvemvane i-Apollo muhle ngendlela emangalisayo - inamaphiko agqamile ngombala omhlophe noma ukhilimu, uhlotshiswe ngamabala amakhulu ayindilinga. Emaphikweni angaphambili amnyama. Abangemuva banezindawo ezibomvu ezinomngcele omnyama. Lesi uvemvane esikhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu yaseYurophu. Izimpiko zawo zingafinyelela amasentimitha angama-9 ukuya kwezi-10.

IHabitat - amathafa evulekile afudumele nelanga afudumele ilanga, imithambeka yezintaba i-Europe, i-Ukraine, i-Urals, iSiberia, iCaucasus, iTien Shan, iKazakhstan neMongolia. Isikhathi sokubukeka sisuka kuJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. U-butterfly we-Apollo ukhetha izimbali ezinkulu ze-oregano, i-godson, athande izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-clover. U-Apollo uzalela cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphuma ku-pupae. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-120, ngalinye lihlukanisa isitshalo sokudla. Amacimbi Adult Apollo nawo muhle kakhulu. Mnyama, njengokungathi i-velvet, ehlotshiswe ngemigqa emibili yamabala abomvu-owolintshi, abukeka emangalisa kakhulu. Isibungu sidla amaqabunga amnandi we-stonecrop, iklabishi lonogwaja.

Isigaba sabafundi se-apollo sithatha amasonto angama-1-3. Kube sekuvela uvemvane olusha kuyo.

Ahlukile u-Apollo

Lesi sinambuzane sithakazelisa kakhulu izazi zemvelo ngoba zinenqwaba yezilwane. Namuhla, okungenani izinhlobo ezingama-600 ze-Apollo ziyaziwa.

I-Parnassius mnemosyne efake i-Apollo, noma i-mnemosyne, ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Izimpiko ezimhlophe qhwa, zibonakala ngokuphelele emaphethelweni, zihlotshiswe kuphela ngamabala amnyama. Lokhu kwenza uvemvane lube muhle kakhulu. Igama laso lesibili ngumbala mnemosyne omnyama, ngoba upendiwe kuphela ngemibala emibili - mhlophe nomnyama.

I-butterfish ye-Arctic Apollo (Parnassius arcticus) ingesinye isidalwa esihle. Ihlala e-tundra esezintabeni esifundeni saseYakutia kanye ne-Khabarovsk Territory. Watholakala nesifunda saseMagadan. Izimpiko zimhlophe ngezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isitshalo seGorodkova corydalis siyisidleke sazo zombili izimvemvane kanye nezimbungulu ze-Arctic Apollo. I-biology yalolu hlobo ayikaze ifundwe ngenxa yokutholakala kwalo ngokweqile.

U-Apollo uvemvane: amaqiniso nemininingwane ehehayo

Ubuhle balesi sinambuzane banconywa kakhulu ngabacwaningi abaningi abadumile nososayensi bezinto eziphilayo ababuchaza ngendlela yokubonga kakhulu. Omunye uqhathanise ukundiza kuka-Apollo nezinkondlo zokunyakaza, abanye bambiza njengesakhamuzi esihle sase-Alps.

Kusihlwa, uvemvane luyehla luzifihle otshanini ebusuku. Engcupheni, kuqala izama ukundiza, kodwa ingabe ikwenza kabi, ngoba indiza kabi. Lapho esebonile ukuthi indiza ayinakusindiswa, welula amaphiko ayo futhi aqala ukuyihlikihla nge-paw yakhe, enza imisindo yokukhala. Ngakho-ke uzama ukwesabisa isitha sakhe. Yize kunedumela le uvemvane, elingandiza kahle impela, lapho lifuna ukudla isinambuzane singandizela kumakhilomitha ayi-5 ngosuku. I-Arctic Apollo ihlala emngceleni wendawo lapho iqhwa lingancibiliki. Futhi i-Parnassius hannyngtoni ingulube ephakeme kunazo zonke i-alpine ehlala eHimalaya, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6000 ngaphezulu kolwandle.

Usongo lokuqothulwa uvemvane oluhle kunazo zonke eRussia naseYurophu

Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, u-Apollo wanyamalala ngokuphelele esifundeni saseMoscow, Smolensk, Tambov. Cishe kuwo wonke amazwe asezindaweni ahlala kuzo, uvemvane lubhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela. Kunezizathu eziningi zokunyamalala kuka-Apollo. Okokuqala, lokhu ngukubhujiswa kwezindawo zokudla ngabantu. Esinye isizathu ukugxila okucishe kube yizibungu zezimvemvane. Bangadla i-stonecrop kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinomsindo omkhulu futhi zithinta ilanga. Badla kuphela uma ilanga likhanya. Ngokushesha lapho edlula ngaphezu kwamafu - konke, amacimbi anqaba futhi ehla esitshalweni ayofika emhlabathini.

Uvemvane olukhulu kunazo zonke lubonakala emithambekeni yezintaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sekushiwo, i-Apollo ayindiza kahle. Wenza lokhu kube sengathi uyenqikaza, akavezi kahle amaphiko akhe futhi uvame ukucwila phansi ukuze aphumule. Ngakho-ke, inyamazane elula kubantu.

Izinyathelo manje sezithathwa ukubuyisa inani labantu base-Apollo, kepha kuze kube manje abakaze balethe imiphumela ebalulekile. Ukuze uvemvane luyeke ukubhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini, kubalulekile ukudala izindawo ezikhethekile zokuphakela nezimo ezithile zokuphila ngakho.

Incazelo

Umbala wezimpiko uvemvane omdala uyahlukahluka ngokusuka kumhlophe ukhilimu okhanyayo. Ngemuva kokusebenza kusuka ku-cocoon, umbala wamaphiko we-Apollo uphuzi. Emaphikweni aphezulu kunezindawo eziningana ezimnyama (ezimnyama). Emaphikweni aphansi kunezindawo eziningana eziyindilinga ezibomvu eziyindilinga ngombhalo omnyama, kanti amaphiko aphansi azungezwe ngesimo. Umzimba wavemvane umbozwe ngokuphelele ngezinwele ezincane. Imilenze imfushane impela, ibuye yambozwa ngezinwele ezincane futhi inombala wekhilimu. Amehlo makhulu ngokwanele, ahlala ngaphakathi kakhulu kwekhanda. Izimpondo zakhiwe ngeklabishi.

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Isibungu sovemvane i-Apollo sikhulu impela. Inombala omnyama onamabala akhanyayo obomvu-orange kuwo wonke umzimba. Futhi kuwo wonke umzimba kunezinwele eziwuvikela kwizilwane ezizingelayo.

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Habitat

Ungahlangana naleli uvemvane oluhle ngokumangalisayo kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Indawo ephambili ye-Apollo indawo enezintaba (imvamisa emhlabathini wamatshe abunjiwe) emazweni amaningi aseYurophu (iScandinavia, iFinland, iSpain), ama-Alpine meadows, enkabeni yeRussia, ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Urals, Yakutia, kanye neMongolia.

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Okudingayo

I-Apollo ngovemvane oluyimifino, inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi lisemini. Uvemvane omdala, njengoba lufanela izimvemvane, zidla umpe wezimbali. Ukudla okuyinhloko kuqukethe umucu wezimbali zohlobo Cirsium, i-clover, i-marjoram, i-godson evamile ne-cornflower. Uma ufuna ukudla, uvemvane lungandiza luze kumakhilomitha amahlanu ngosuku.

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Njengamavemvane amaningi, ukondleka kwenzeka nge-proboscis yomoya.

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Isibungu saleli uvemvane sidla amaqabunga futhi simnandi kakhulu. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, isibungu siqala ukondla. Lapho usudlile wonke amaqabunga esitshalweni, udlulela kolandelayo.

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Izitha zemvelo

Uvemvane i-Apollo linezitha ezimbalwa endle. Usongo olukhulu luvela ezinyoni, iminyovu, imichilo, amasele nezinyoka. Futhi, izicabucabu, nezibungu, ama-hedgehogs namagundane kusongela ubhungane. Kepha inani elikhulu kangaka lezitha linxephezelwa ngombala ogqamile, obika ngobuthi balesi sinambuzane. Lapho nje u-Apollo ezwa ingozi, iwele phansi, isabalalise amaphiko ayo futhi ibonise umbala wayo ozivikelayo.

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Enye isitha sezimvemvane yayingumuntu. Ukucekela phansi indawo yemvelo yase-Apollo kuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwabantu.

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Ukuchazwa kwesimo sokuphila kwezinhlobo

I-Apollon Butterfly (Parnassiusapollo) ingeyohlobo lweParnasius lomndeni wamaSeke. Igama eliqondile lavela egameni lika-Apollo, unkulunkulu omuhle wezinganekwane zamaGreek, indodana kaZeus nomfowabo ka-Artemis. Ibhabhathane lesikhathi sasemini elinamaphiko angama-60-90 mm luyizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zohlobo lwazo. Umbala oyinhloko wamaphiko umhlophe; izindawo ezincane ezibonakala ngaphandle zitholakala eceleni komngcele ongaphandle.

Ezimpondweni zangaphambili zowesilisa kukhona amabala amnyama ayisiyingi ayisihlanu, emaphikweni asemuva kukhona izindawo ezibomvu ze-ocular ezinezizinda ezimhlophe. Insikazi inemibala egqamile. Abantu abadala abasha abashiye i-pupae cocoon banamaphiko nge-tint ephuzi. Umzimba wezimvemvane umbozwe izinwele obukhulu. Amehlo makhulu, acwebile, anjengemisipha efana neklabhu. Umdwebo emaphikweni uvemvane wesikebhe sesikebhe u-Apollon unezinketho ezingama-600. Ngisho esifundeni esisodwa, ukusatshalaliswa kwamabala kuyehluka emakoloni ahlukene.

Imininingwane. Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-Apollo angawomndeni wezikebhe zesikebhe, azinayo imisila ezimpondweni zezindlebe.

Ukuzala

Abesilisa abakwa-Apollo baqala ukufuna umlingani ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokuvela kupupa. Zindiza endaweni ephansi phezulu emithambekeni, zibheka izintokazi ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye, iwabeke ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo sokuphakelayo noma emhlabathini oseduze kwesitshalo. Ukuzala yizicucu ezingama-80-100. Amaqanda hibernate, lapho kwakheka khona isibungu esilungele ukuvela.

Iqiniso elithandekayo. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa kowesifazane, kwakhiwa i-sphragis engxenyeni engezansi yesisu sakhe - i-appendage eqinile ye-chitin. Lokhu "uphawu" oluvimba ukuvundiswa kabusha komunye umuntu wesilisa.

Ikhokho

Ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, kuvela isibungu. Eminyakeni yokuqala, imnyama, inamabala amhlophe ezingxenyeni zomzimba kanye namachwane ezinwele ezimnyama. Amacimbi amadala amnyama velvety amnyama. Imivimbo emibili emide yezindawo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo idlula emzimbeni. Engxenyeni ngayinye, ama-warts amabili aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Idla ngesimo sezulu selanga, ezinsukwini ezinamafu icasha otshanini obomile. Izitshalo ezondlayo - zonke izinhlobo zamatshe: amhlophe, onsomi, i-caustic, elishumi. Ezintabeni zase-Alps zidla ngotshani obusha.

Imininingwane. Amacimbi wesikebhe sase-Apollo esihamba ngesikebhe anensimbi yewolintshi ngendlela yezimpondo, ezivele ngayo uma kungenzeka kube nengozi ngemuva kwekhanda. Le yi-osmetry, lapho iphunga elingathandeki lisakazeka khona.

Imidlwane yamakhaza phansi, ilele kukhukhunathi olula. Ipupa liwugqinsi, nsundu. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa imbozwa nge-powdery coating. Isigaba sezingane sithatha amasonto amabili.

Ukubuka okuhlobene

U-Apollon Phoebus (Parnassiusphoebus) - uvemvane oluqhamuka kwi-genus Parnassius. Ngombala, ifana ne-Apollo ejwayelekile, kepha umbala oyinhloko wamaphiko awumhlophe, kepha ukhilimu. Ingaphezulu lamaphiko lilinganiselwe ngokwengxenye yizikali ezimnyama. Umphetho ongaphandle wamaphiko angaphambili ubonakala. Phansi kwezimpiko zezingemva kuneqembu elimnyama. Iziduna zinezindawo ezimbili ezibomvu ze-ocular ezinomdaka omnyama kumaphiko wangemuva; izinsikazi zingaba nezindawo eziningi.

Isikebhe sesikebhe se-phoebe sibonisa ngephiko le-50-60 mm. Ukuze uthole indawo yokuhlala, lolu hlobo lukhetha indawo enezintaba, etholakala ezintabeni zase-Alps, e-Urals, ezintabeni zaseKazakhstan, eSiberia, e-Far East, eNyakatho Melika. Uvemvane lukhula esizukulwaneni esisodwa, luhlalwe emithanjeni engajulile ye-alpine, kuyi-tundra. Isikebhe esihamba ngezinyawo sikhuphukela ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-1800-2500 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo ku-moss noma enhlabathini eduze kwesitshalo sokudla nge-radiola epinki. Imibungu ikhula ngaphambi kokuqala kokubanda, kepha inzalo ayishiyi amaqanda ayo kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Amakhethini akhula aze afike ku-48 mm, umbala wombala omnyama, amabala aphuzi ezinhlangothini. Ukuthuthuka kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25-30. Ukuphamba kukhukhu omncane.Abadala bandiza kusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti. U-Apollo Phoebe uyehla kancane kancane ngesibalo. Uvemvane lwawela eNcwadini ebomvu ye-IUCN, Republic Komi.

Izici zokunciphisa

Izimvemvane zinamathele kakhulu ezindlini. Azami ukuthola izindawo ezintofontofo zokuhlala, zihamba amabanga amade. Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi ithinta kabi inani lezinambuzane. Ukubhujiswa kwama-biotopes wemvelo kuholela ekufeni kuka-Apoll. Phakathi kwezinto ezidala kakhulu izimo zokuphila:

• amakhodi otshani nezihlahla,
• Ukunyathela izitebhisi nezinkomo,
• ukulima komhlaba
• kukhula indawo enamachilo nezihlahla.

Enye yezizathu zokufa kwesinambuzane ukushisa komhlaba. Ukwanda kokushisa komoya ebusika kuholela ekuphumeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamathrekhi aqhamuka emaqanda. Izimpethu ezivelile azinakho okudliwayo, ziyafa yindlala kanye namaqhwa alandelayo.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Uhlobo lwe-Parnassiusapollo luqashelwa yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature, olusongelwa ngokuqothuka ngokuqhubeka okuya phansi kwesibalo sezimvemvane. Kubhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Ukwehla kwenani lezinambuzane kuyabonakala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. USailboat Apollo wayeseBhuku eliBomvu lase-Ukraine, Belarus, Norway. ISweden, Germany. E-Russia, uvemvane luphinde futhi lwathola isivikelo ezingeni likahulumeni nasezindaweni ngazinye.

Ukuze ulondoloze i-Apollo ejwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi kunwetshwe futhi kulondolozwe izindawo lapho kuhlala khona butterflies isikhathi eside. Kunconywa ukuthi uyeke ukulima inhlabathi, utshale izitshalo zoju kubantu abadala kanye namatshe ezinsimbi zamacimbi.

Bahlala kuphi?

Ama-Butterflies alolu hlobo ahlala kuphela enyakatho yomhlaba. Zivamile engxenyeni enkulu ye-Eurasia - ukusuka eSpain kuye eMongolia naseningizimu yeSiberia. Ungahlangana nabo bobabili emathafeni afudumele kahle, nasezintabeni. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, uvemvane i-Apollo selubonwe ezintabeni zaseTien Shan, eCaucasus, e-Urals, ezintabeni zaseSouthern Scandinavia nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Isinambuzane asikhuphuki kakhulu futhi sihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000 kuya ku-2000. IButterfly ithanda izimbiza ezinotshani nezigodi, izindawo ezomile ezimaxhaphozi, izindawo ezinamahloni ezinobuningi futhi ezinobubanzi, imiphetho enelanga nokukhanya.

Namuhla, izinhlobo ziya ngokuya zivama futhi ziphakathi kwababuthakathaka. Ngokunokwenzeka, uvemvane i-Apollo alususwanga eNcwadini ebomvu isikhathi eside. Izindawo ezihlala kulo zemvelo zichithwe ngokungenangqondo: izithambeka nezitebhisi ziphenduka indawo enamachilo, imiphetho namagaba kube amasimu. Ukumisa ukuqothuka kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kudingeka uyeke ukubhubhisa izindawo ezihlala kuzo, usitshala endaweni yesiko esidalwa yisinambuzane.

Izici zokuziphatha

U-Apollo uvemvane ukhetha isimo sezulu esomile nesomile. Umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ubonakala engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku kuze kube semini; kwezinye izikhathi, ungacasha otshanini obude. Indiza kancane, ihamba kancane isuka kwenye imbali iye kwesinye. Idla umpe we-clover, i-marjoram, i-gingerbread, i-Cartvean clove kanye nezinye izitshalo.

Ama-Butterflies anezitha eziningi zemvelo: izinyoni, ama-hedgehogs, amagundane, izibankwa, amasele, amazwi amfushane, umhluzi, izicabucabu kanye nojoka. Kodwa-ke, abaningi badlula ku-Apollo ngenxa yobuthi bayo. Uma noma ubani efisa ukusondela, izindawo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ngokuqinisekile zizomxwayisa ngalokhu. Ngenkathi yengozi, uvemvane ngokushesha luwela phansi futhi lusakaze amaphiko alo, lubonise umbala wokulwa. Ngomthelela omkhulu, ushaya amaphiko akhe ngezidladla zakhe, ekhipha izingono zakhe ezesabekayo, ezinikeza isibonakaliso esicacile sokungasondeli.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

U-Apollo ngokufanele ungowezinye zezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezimvemvane eYurophu - abamele abakhanyayo bomndeni weSailing. Lesi sinambuzane sithakazelisa kakhulu izazi zemvelo ngoba zinenqwaba yezilwane.

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-600. I-Apollon Butterfly Incazelo: amaphiko angaphambili amhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi ukhilimu, ngombala anemiphetho esobala. Ubude bufika kumasentimitha amane.

Izimpiko zangemuva zihlotshiswe ngamabala abomvu namawolintshi anezindawo ezimhlophe, ahlukaniswe umucu omnyama, njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe. I-butterfly apollo inamaphiko amasentimitha ayi-6,5-9. Kunezimpondo ezimbili ekhanda ezinamadivayisi akhethekile asebenza ukuzwa izinto ezahlukahlukene.

Amehlo ayinkimbinkimbi: abushelelezi, amakhulu, kanye nama-tubercles amancane ane-setae. Imilenze inombala okhilimu, mncane futhi imfishane, imbozwe nge-villi encane. Isisu ngezinwele. Ngaphandle kokujwayelekile, kukhona uvemvane omnyama apollo: maphakathi ngosayizi nge amaphiko afinyelela kumasentimitha ayisithupha.

I-Mnemosyne ingenye yezinhlobo ezimangalisayo ezinamaphiko amhlophe qhwa, ibonakala ngokuphelele emaphethelweni, ihlotshiswe amabala amnyama. Lokhu kufaka imibala kwenza uvemvane lube muhle ngobuhle.

Labamele bangabaphathi be-Lepidoptera ye-oda. UPodaliria noMachaon nabo bangokwesihlobo sabo emndenini wakwaSail .. Ezimpondweni ezingemuva zalezi zinhlobo kunezinqubo ezinde (dovetail).

Kulesi sithombe, uvemvane u-Apollo Mnemosyne

Uvemvane luhlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba enhlabathini yamatshe amgundwini, ezigodini endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kwamabili ukusuka olwandle. Ngokuvamile kutholakala eSicily, eSpain, eNorway, eSweden, eFinland, e-Alps, eMongolia naseRussia. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimvemvane ze-alpine ezihlala eHimalaya zihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Umbono othokozisayo futhi omunye umbono omuhle I-Arctic Apollo. Ibhabhathane inephiko elingaphambili le-16-25 mm. Ihlala e-tundra esezintabeni enotshani obumnandi nobumnandi, e-Khabarovsk Territory nase Yakutia, endaweni eseduze nemiphetho yezingwe ezingapheli.

Kwesinye isikhathi ithuthela endaweni lapho ikhula khona larch. Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, i-Arctic Apollo inamaphiko amhlophe anendawo emnyama emincane. Njengoba izinhlobo zinqabile, i-biology yayo ayikaze ifundwe.

Uvemvane olu-Arctic Apollo

Amakhokho kanye pupae

Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu esifundeni, amacimbi ama-Apollo avela ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Abantu abasha bapeywe mnyama ngamabala amhlophe. Njengoba zikhula, zilahlekelwa yisikhumba izikhathi ezinhlanu, zithola umbala omnyama velvety ngemivimbo emibili yezindawo ezinamawolintshi aqhakazile. Wonke umzimba wamacimbi embozwe izinwele ezinde ezimnyama, futhi engxenyeni ngayinye kunezinhlaka ezimbili zomthunzi oluhlaza okotshani.

Bazondla ngamaqabunga e-stonecrop amnandi, bayidla ngamanani amakhulu ukuze bathole amandla. Njengokudla, ziyakhula futhi zikhule izintaba, zikhula e-Altai, futhi zintsha. Lapho isibungu esidala sithola amandla anele, siqala ukutatazela. Inqubo yokuguqulwa yenzeka emhlabeni futhi ihlala amahora amaningi. I-cocoon brown imbozwe ukuqhuma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ihlala ingapheli amasonto amabili kuze kube yilapho umuntu ovuthiwe ngokugcwele evela kuyo.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Izazi zebhayoloji, izihambi nabacwaningi bebelokhu bechaza ubuhle balesi zinhlobo sam uvemvane ngamagama asankondlo nanhle kakhulu, bancoma amandla alo okuhambisa amaphiko awo ngomusa. Apollo Butterfly iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, futhi ebusuku ifihla otshanini.

Njengamanje lapho ezwa ingozi, azame ukundiza acashe, kepha imvamisa, ngoba indiza kabi, ikwenza ngendlela engeyinhle. Kodwa-ke, idumela lempukane elibi alimvimbi ukuthi afune ukudla aze afike kumakhilomitha amahlanu ngosuku.

Leli bhungane litholakala ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Lesi sinambuzane sinesici esimangazayo sokuvikela ezitheni zaso. Amabala akhanyayo emaphikweni akhe asabisa izinyamazane ezithatha umbala njengobuthi, ukuze izinyoni zingadli izimvemvane.

Izitha ezethusayo ngombala waso, ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Apollos enza imisindo exakayo ngama-paws awo, futhi aqinisa umphumela, enza isitha siqaphele lezi zinambuzane. Namuhla, izimvemvane eziningi ezinhle zibhekene nokuqothulwa.

I-Apollo ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zayo ezijwayelekile, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuzingela kwabo, inani lezinambuzane lehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uvemvane ucishe wanyamalala ngokuphelele ezifundeni zaseMoscow, Tambov naseSmolensk. Abazingeli bahlatshwa umxhwele ngokubonakala kwezimvemvane nokukhanga kwazo okuhle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho isibalo sezimvemvane sisesimweni esibucayi ngenxa yokuchithwa kwezindawo zokudla zabantu. Enye inkinga ukuzwela kwamacimbi okuya elangeni kanye nokudla okukhethekile kokudla.

Ngokukhethekile kakhulu inani lalezinhlobo zezinambuzane liyancipha ezigodini zaseYurophu nase-Asia. In Incwadi ebomvuuvemvane apollo ifakwa emazweni amaningi ngoba inesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuvikelwa nokuvikelwa.

Kuthathwa izinyathelo zokubuyisa inani lezinambuzane ezinciphile: kuyakhiwa izimo ezikhethekile zokuphila nezindawo zokudla. Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje imicimbi ayinayo imiphumela ebonakalayo.

Mnemosyne

I-Mnemosyne, noma i-apollo emnyama, nayo ingeyohlobo lwe-Parnassius. Ihlala eCentral Asia naseYurophu, kuhlala i-Iran, Turkey kanye ne-Afghanistan. Kwenzeka engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia kuze kufike ema-Urals.

Indlela yokuphila, ubungako kanye nokwakheka kwe-mnemosyne kufana ne-Apollo ejwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, kusekhona umehluko othile. Uvemvane omnyama we-Apollo upendwe mhlophe, lapho imithambo emnyama engwevu ibonakala kahle khona. Imikhawulo yamaphiko angaphambili ayabonakala, futhi emaphethelweni ayo kukhona amabala amnyama ayindilinga. Uhlangothi olungaphakathi lwamaphikoangemuva lumbozwe nge-villi futhi lupendwe ngwempunga emnyama. Amacimbi eMnemosyne amnyama anemigqa emibili yamabala aphuzi noma abomvu. Bondla kuphela nge-hoollow crested ne-dense crested.

Umsoco

Amacimbi alezi zimvemvane akhazimula ngokweqile. Futhi lapho nje bedonsa, ngokushesha baqala ukudla kakhulu. Kepha amunca ngentshiseko amaqabunga, cishe kuphela amatshe namatshe asindayo, ekwenza lokhu ngobudlova obubi. Futhi bedla wonke amaqabunga esitshalweni, ngokushesha basakazekela abanye.

Imilomo yezimbungulu iwuhlobo lokugedla, futhi imihlathi inamandla amakhulu. Ukubekezelela kalula ukufakwa kwamaqabunga, bafuna okusha. Amakhethini we-Arctic Apollo, azalwa ezindaweni ezinamathuba amancane okudla, asebenzisa isitshalo seGorodkova corydalis njengokudla.

Izinambuzane zabantu abadala zidla, njengazo zonke izimvemvane, kumpe wezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Le nqubo yenzeka ngosizo lwe-spiral proboscis, okuthi, lapho uvemvane lubambe umpe wezimbali, welulwe futhi ungabonakali.

Apollo Eversmann

Lezi zimvemvane zitholakala engxenyeni yase-Eshiya ye-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Bahlala eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, eSiberia, eMongolia, eJapan nase-Alaska. Ungaphinde ubabone eziQhingini zaseShantar oLwandle i-Okhotsk.

Isizukulwane se-Apollo Eversman sakhiwe iminyaka emibili. Abantu abadala banamaphiko agqamile, apendwe ophuzi. Imithambo yabo imnyama futhi ibonakala ngokusobala ngokumelene nesizinda esejwayelekile. Izimbambo zangaphambili zamaphiko zihlotshiswe ngephethini yemivimbo engu-grey eguqukayo. Emaphikweni asemuva kunezindawo ezimbili ezibomvu ezinomphetho omnyama.

Apollo Nordmann

Lolu hlobo lwe uvemvane u-Apollo luqanjwe igama lesazi saseRussia uNordmann Alexander Davidovich. Uhla lwayo luncane kakhulu futhi lumboza kuphela izindawo ezingaphansi kwezintaba zeCaucasus, kanye nobubanzi beTurkey empumalanga esenyakatho.

Izimvemvane zabantu abadala zipendwe ngombala ophuzi ngombala omnyama. Imiphetho engenhla yamaphiko angaphambili ayadlula. Ngasemaphethelweni kunezindawo ezimbili ezimnyama. Izimpiko ezingemuva zihlotshiswe ngezindawo ezimbili zezitini ezinomphetho omnyama. Ngaphakathi kukhona impova ebonakalayo engwevu.

Ukubukeka

Izimpiko zimhlophe, umbala we-beige noma ukhilimu, imiphetho ibonakala. Ukulinganiselwa okulinganiselwe kwamaphiko angaphambili kungamasentimitha angama-4. Kulelo phiko ngalinye langemuva kukhona indawo ebomvu noma yewolintshi embuthanweni omnyama onesikhungo esimhlophe. Emadodeni, amaphethini amancane amancane kunabesifazane.

Izimpiko zisuka ku-7 kuye ku-9 cm. Ekhanda kunezimpondo ezimhlophe ezimfishane ezinemikhawulo emnyama. Ziyizitho eziyinhloko zokuthinta futhi zisiza uvemvane ukuzulazula.

Amehlo amakhulu amnyama. Emilenzeni emincane enemibala emincane, ebonakalayo ayibonakali kangako. Izinwele ezimfushane nazo zikhula esiswini.

Ngaphambi koshintsho, isibungu sinombala omnyama onamabala amhlophe. Umzimba wonke uyizinqwaba zezinwele. Amacimbi amadala afinyelela ku-5 cm ubude. Zinezimpi eziluhlaza okotshani emnyama ohlangothini ngalunye, eyodwa ngasikhathi, kanye namabala abomvu ama-2, eyodwa ibanzi kakhulu kunenye.

Demeanor nendlela yokuphila

I-Apollo ingatholakala ehlobo. Le nhlobo ithanda ukuhola indlela yokuphila yasemini, futhi ilale ebusuku ngotshani obude. Uma uvemvane luzizwa luyingozi, ngokushesha luyandizela. Kodwa-ke, iyandiza, ngokumangazayo, ibe buthaka nangobunzima. Noma, lapho efuna ukudla, uyakwazi ukunqoba nge-5 km.

Izinyoni azidli ubhungane lwe-Apollo ngenxa yokukhohlisa imibala. Izindawo ezibomvu zibonakala zibonisa ukuthi lesi sinambuzane sinobuthi (lokhu akunjalo), futhi izitha ezidla inyama zivimbela ukuxhumana novemvane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Apollo uhlikihla imilenze yakhe ngokumelene, enze imisindo ekhanyayo eyethusa nezinyoni ngokwengeziwe.

Inombolo

Izinhlobo eziningi zezimvemvane, ngandlela thile, zingokwesigaba sezilwane ezisengozini. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngo-Apollo. Ezindaweni zokuhlala, abantu abaningi bayatholakala, kepha babanjwa ngamanani amakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, lolu hlobo lubhekene nokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Abazingeli kanye nabaqoqi bahehwa ubuhle bezimpiko. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, uvemvane i-Apollo lacishe lanyamalala ezingxenyeni eziningi zeRussia elalihlala kulo. EYurophu nase-Asia, inani lezinambuzane liyancipha ngokubonakalayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-anthropogenic factor ithwala ingozi enkulu ekuchichimeni kwalesi zinhlobo. Umuntu ubhubhisa izindawo zokudla, futhi abantu abanalutho lokudla. U-Apollo ubuye azwela kakhulu imisebe yelanga, lapho ecasha khona otshanini.

Emazweni amaningi lapho kuhlala uvemvane i-Apollo, le nhlobo ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Okwamanje, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zizama konke okusemandleni ukuvimba ukunyamalala ngokuphelele kwesinambuzane. Kwenziwa owabahlengikazi, inani lezindawo eziklanyelwayo liyanda. Kodwa-ke, zonke lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla azingalethi imiphumela emibi.

Njengamanje, kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia, lapho inani elikhulu labantu abathile be-Apollo babehlala khona, leli bhungane alitholakali. Emhlabeni we-zoology, izindaba ngezikhathi ezithile kuvela ukuthi isinambuzane salolu hlobo selubonakele ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Indaba ithathwa ngokushesha ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo. Bafunda ngezinhlobo zezitshalo, bafake isandla ekuzaleni kabusha kanye nasekukhuleni kwabantu.

Isabelo sokudla

Amakhukhunathi ayamamatheke kakhulu. Lapho nje bezala, masinyane baqale ukudla. Imihlathi enamandla iququda amaqabunga amaningi. Uma isibungu singatholi amahlamvu, singadla izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu zazo.

Ngemuva kokuphenduka uvemvane, u-Apollo, njengazo zonke izinambuzane zalolu hlobo, udla umpe wezimbali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, une-spiral proboscis, lapho inqubo yokondla ingatholwa futhi idonswe ngqo.

Indlela yokusabalalisa

Uvemvane u-Apollo uzalela ehlobo. Izinsikazi zibeka amakhulu amaqanda amancane emaqabungeni. Zonke ziyindilinga ngesimo nobubanzi be-2 mm. Hatching kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli - Juni. Umbala wezibungu umnyama onamachashazi amawolintshi emzimbeni wonke.

Ngemuva kokuqhekeka, inqubo yokondleka okusebenzayo ngokushesha iqala. Lokhu kungenxa yenguquko yesikhathi esizayo, ukuqaliswa kwayo kuzodinga amandla amaningi. Ukudla njalo, bakhulisa isisindo somzimba, kuyilapho igobolondo liba mncane.

Kamuva, uvemvane i-Apollo luqala ukuncibilika, okuphindaphindwe izikhathi ezi-5 Lapho-ke, lapho amacimbi esekhule ngokwanele, awela phansi bese eba chrysalis. Le nqubo izothatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Isibungu esikhukwini asigudluki futhi asikhombisi zimpawu zokuphila. Emva kwalokho uphenduka uvemvane oluhle. Lapho nje amaphiko esomile, lesi sinambuzane siqala ukufuna ukudla.

U-Apollo uhlala izinkathi ezi-2 zasehlobo.Ngaphambi kobusika, insikazi ibekela amaqanda, okuvela kuyo izibungu ehlobo. Ngemva izinguquko eziphawulekayo avele uvemvane oluhle, okuyinto ziyamjabulisa iso uma behlangana naye.

Subspecies kanye nezici zabo zokuhlukanisa

U-Apollo uvemvane unezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-600. Iqiniso ukuthi unesikhathi geography ububanzi. Izazi zemvelo ziveze iphethini ethile: ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, umbala we-Apollo uyashintsha. Esifundeni ngasinye, uvemvane lunombala ngamunye, indawo amabala, njll. Izazi ze-Entomologists (ososayensi abafunda izinambuzane) zibangela impikiswano enkulu ngalokhu. Abakwazi ahlukaniswe abe amaqembu 2:

1. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yezici ezihlukile ekubukekeni kwabantu abaningi, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa okuyi-subspecies.
2. Ungavumeli noma yiluphi uhlobo lokubhalisa, ngaphandle komehluko.

Apollo butterfly bengayiqondi ngokugcwele. Mhlawumbe uhlu lokubhaliselwe kabusha luzophinda lwenziwe kabusha.

Black Apollo (Mnemosyne)
I namaphiko kuyinto 5-6 cm. Ngokungafani elula Apollo, Mnemosyne azinawo amabala abomvu, futhi emaphethelweni wamaphiko asobala ngaphezulu. Imifino esemaphikweni ithiwa. Kunamabala amabili amnyama ephikweni ngalinye elingaphezulu. black emzimbeni.

I-Arctic Apollo (Apollo Ammosova)
Izimpiko zincane ngisho nangokwedlulele - zingadluli ku-4 cm. Izinduna zinamaphiko amhlophe, izintokazi zinamaphiko ampunga ngenxa yekhava enkudlwana. On the iphiko engenhla 3 izindawo ezincane. Kukhona abantu abanebala elibomvu ephikweni elingaphansi futhi ngaphandle kwalo. I-Arctic Apollo ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neRussia. Kungaba ukubekezelela lokushisa kuqhathaniswa nezinye subtypes Apollonov ukukhuthazela. Kunzima kuye ukuthola ukudla, ngoba azikho imifino eningi engxenyeni yokuhlala kwakhe. Kwesinye isikhathi ifudukela kumafosili larch yokuzalela. idatha eziphilayo mayelana Apollo Ammosov cishe ayikho.

Apollo Nordmann
Lokhu okubhaliselwe kutholakala kuphela kutholakala ngebhande le-alpine leGreatucerus neCustomucerus. Uvemvane lathola igama lakhe ukuhlonipha udokotela wezilwane waseRussia, owaba neqhaza elikhulu ekufundeni kwezilwane zeCaucasus. Apollo Nordmann ihlukanisa kusuka kwamanye zenyathi usayizi omkhudlwana.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

1. Uvemvane lathola igama lakhe ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaGrikhi welanga, u-Apollo. Ubuhle bezimpiko buye baphembelela izazi zezinto eziphilayo kangangokuba zasishonisa isinambuzane ngegama elihle kangaka.
2. Ngokumangalisayo, lolu hlobo has abampofu indiza ikhono. Lapho ingozi isondela, uzama ukundiza ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzeki njalo ukukwenza. Kulokhu, Apollo kuhlakazeka amaphiko ayo futhi imilenze ziqala ukuba uwuhlikihle kubo. Kwakheka umsindo ohlekisayo owesabisa izinyangi.
3. Uvemvane i-Apollo lithanda izindawo ezinentaba, okungajwayelekile ezinambuzaneni Lolu hlobo is kahle bazivumelanisa okushisa aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sinambuzane singatholakala endaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ze-alpine zihlala eHimalaya futhi zizizwa zikhulu endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha ayi-6 ukusuka olwandle.
4. izimpilo Apollo Arctic zenyathi eduze kwendawo lapho iqhwa neze liyancibilika. Kulesi sinambuzane esintekenteke, lesi yisimangaliso sangempela.