Amasayizi mancane, aphakathi noma makhulu. Ubude bomzimba 100-22 cm cm, ubude bomsila 15-90 cm, ukuphakama kubuna cm 62-180 cm. Isisindo 150-100 kg. Umzimba usindayo. Umhlane uqondile. Intamo ubude buphakathi, okukhulu kakhulu futhi buqinile. Ikhanda likhulu ngesigaxa esidala. Amehlo mancane noma makhulu. Izindlebe zibanzi, zimfishane, ubude obuphakathi noma ubude. Umsila mfushane noma mude. Izimpondo zinokubukeka okuhlukahlukene. Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane banazo (lezi zamuva zinokumbalwa). Izimpondo zobude obuphakathi - 15-40 cm, ziqonde futhi ziqondiswe emuva. Izimpondo ze-buffalo yase-Asia zifinyelela kubude obungu-35- 355 cm, ububanzi esisekelweni bese zigobisa isikela-okwenziwe isikela emuva nangaphakathi, ngaphesheya zinesimo esingunxantathu, ngokuhambisana noxantathu kuqondiswe ngaphakathi. Izimpondo ze-buffalo yase-Afrika ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, izisekelo zazo zingama buqamama obude ukusuka komunye nomunye noma zihlangane, zingaba ngamafushane futhi zigobeke emuva kokhonkolo emuva noma zide kakhulu futhi zigobeke ezinhlangothini, emuva nangaphezulu noma emuva nangaphakathi, isisekelo sezimpondo sinxantathu. . Amaqhubu aphakathi makhulu, abanzi futhi ayindilinga, anezithuthukisi ezikhulayo ngokuqinile (izinyathi zase-Asia nezase-Afrika) noma amabala aphakathi nendawo amafushane futhi ayindilinga, kanti ne-anoa yamuva (aoa).
Umugqa wezinwele uphansi noma ubude obuphakathi, buthambile noma buqinile, kwesinye isikhathi abukho ndawo. Umbala wayo ohlangothini dorsal lomzimba we-anoa unsundu kusuka kumnyama onsundu, okhanyayo wesisu. Ku-buffalo yase-Asia, emuva nesisu kumnyama ngampunga kuya kumnyama, kanti nge-buffalo yase-Afrika ibomvu ngombala onsundu futhi imnyama ibe mnyama.
Isigaxa sikhulu, e-Anoa sifushane futhi sibanzi, buffalo yase-Asia nase-Afrika - siyadlula. Izisekelo zeso zikhulu. Imiphetho yazo ifakazela ezinhlangothini. Ingxenye yangaphambili ibanzi. I-diploid iqoqo lama-chromosomes ku-Anoa 48, i-Asia buffalo 50, buffalo yase-Afrika 52-54.
Sisatshalaliswa e-Afrika, eNdiya, eSri Lanka, eNepal, eBurma, eThailand, eningizimu yeChina, eKampuchea, eLaos eziqhingini zaseKalimantan, eSulawesi, ePhilippine. Bahlala emahlathini nasezindaweni eziwugqinsi, kufaka phakathi amathafa nasezintabeni, kukhuphuka kumamitha ayinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezu kolwandle. Zondla ikakhulu ngezitshalo ezinotshani, emhlabeni, ngemashi nangasemanzini. Iyasebenza ekuseni, kusihlwa nasebusuku. Zigcinwa ngababili kanye namaqembu emindeni (i-anoa) noma yezinkomo ezinkulu noma ezingaphansi (izinyathi zase-Asia nase-Afrika). Njengomthetho, akukho zinkathi ezithile ngokuzalwa kabusha. Kodwa-ke ukuzalwa komncane kuvame ukubekelwa ukuphela kwenkathi eyomile. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa yizinyanga eziyi-9,5- 10 (i-Anoa ne-Asia buffalo) noma izinyanga eziyi-10-11 (i-buffalo yase-Afrika). Insikazi iletha eyodwa, kuyaqabukela amawundlu amabili. Isikhathi sokuqunjelwa sithatha izinyanga eziyi-6-9. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-1.5-2,5. Isikhathi sokuphila esibalelwa eminyakeni engama-20-25.
anoa - B. depressicornis N. Smith, 1827 (Sulawesi Island),
I-buffalo yase-Eshiya - V. athe Kerr, 1792 (India, [Pri Lanka, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, South China, Kampuchea, Laos, Kalimantan kanye nePhilippine Islands),
Inyathi yase-Afrika - B. caffer Sparrman, 1779 (Afrika).
Abaphenyi abahlukahlukene bethula uhlelo lohlobo ngokuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, uSimpson (1945), I.I. Sokolov (1953) noHeptner (1961) zonke lezi zinhlobo ezingenhla zingabantu bohlobo oluhlukile: i-Apoa N. Smith, 1827, ViBa-lus N. Smith, 1827 neSyncerus Hodgson, 1847. I-buffalo yasePhilippine kusuka ku-B. agpee kwesinye isikhathi ihlukaniswe ibe yizinhlobo ezikhethekile zeB. mindorensis Heude, 1888, kanye ne-buffalo emfushane kusuka ku-B. chaffer iye ezinhlotsheni ezikhethekile uBan nanus Boddaert, 1875. I-buffalo yase-Asia iyafuywa futhi itholakala emazweni amaningi.
Incwadi Ebomvu ifaka phakathi: njengesiphetho esisengcupheni yenyathi yase-Asiya evela esiqhingini saseMindoro (eqenjini lePhilippines Islands) V. agpee mindorensis Heude, ngo-1888 (inani lezilwane ezingaba ngu-150 ngo-1971), imininingwane ye-anoa evela enhlonhlo yasenyakatho ISulawesi - B. depressicornis depressicornis N. Smith, 1827, kanye nasezintabeni zaseSulawesi Island B. d. i-conflesi Owens, ngo-1910 (inani lincane kakhulu futhi basondele ukuqothula), futhi njengohlobo oluncane olungaba sengozini yokuqothulwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, i-buffalo yase-Eshiya (inani eNdiya naseNepal ngo-1972 icishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili).
Indlela yokuphila
Indlela yokuphila yezinyathi ihlobene kakhulu nezidumbu zamanzi, mhlawumbe nokuma noma ukuhamba kancane kwamanzi. Ekuseni nakusihlwa, ngesikhathi samahora apholile, amadlelo e-buffalo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izimila zasemanzini zifinyelela ku-70% wokuphakelwa, futhi yonke ingxenye eshisayo yosuku abalala kuyo, igxilisiwe ekhanda odakeni oluwuketshezi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, bavame ukuhlangana nobhejane baseNdiya lapho obhejane basale khona (iKaziranga, Chitwan Park eNepal). Ngalesi sikhathi, izimbumbulu ziba yinto ebhekwe kakhulu ngamakhambi amhlophe nezinye izinyoni, okuthi, uma zihlala ngemuva nekhanda lesilwane, zikhiphe imikhaza nezinye izidumbu ezikhumbeni zazo. Izifudu zamanzi zenza okufanayo. Umquba we-buffaloes udlala indima yomanyolo wemvelo, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa okunzulu kwezitshalo kusekelwa kwizimbumbulu ezikhethwe amabunzi.
Ama-Buffalos ngokuvamile agcinwa emihlanjini emincane, efaka inkunzi endala, izinkabi ezimbili noma ezintathu nezinkomo eziningana ezinamathole. Isikhundla sokuhambisa emhlambini, uma sihlonishwa, asiqinile. Inkunzi endala ivame ukungagxili kwezinye izilwane, kepha lapho ibaleka engozini, ibheka umhlambi, kuthi uma kushaywa izimpondo, ibuyise izinkomo ezidukayo. Lapho zihamba, kubhekwa i-oda elithile: izintokazi ezindala zihamba ekhanda, amathole phakathi, kanti ukuqapha ngemuva kwenziwa ngezinkunzi nezinkomo ezincane. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, umhlambi uvame ukufihla esikhondweni, uchaza umango futhi, lapho usuyekile, ulindela umxoshwa emikhondweni yawo uqobo.
Izinkunzi ezindala kakhulu azihlangani kangangokuba zivame ukugcinwa zodwa. Izimpikiswano zasendle ezinjalo ezihlala zodwa zingaba yingozi - kwesinye isikhathi zigijimela kumuntu ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Njengabahlali abaningi bendawo yezindawo ezishisayo, izinkathi zokuzala nokuzala ezidingweni zama-buffalo zaseNdiya azihlotshaniswa nenkathi ethile. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-300 ukuya kuma-4040, emva kwalokho insikazi ilethe ithole elilodwa kuphela. Inyathi esanda kuzalwa egqoke noboya obuthuthukile onsundu. Isikhathi sokuncelisa ubisi sithatha izinyanga ezingama-6-9.
I-buffalo enezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Ihlosi nengwe kungahlasela amathole noma izilwane ezincane, kepha inkunzi endala iyisilwane esingabekezeleleki ngisho nehlosi. Amathole amaningi, kepha, abulawa ukushisa nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ubunzima kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinkinga zezinhlobo
Izinyathi zasendle zase-Asia zihlala eNdiya, eNepal, eBhutan, eThailand, eLaos naseCambodia, kanye naseCeylon. Emuva maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, izinyathi zatholakala eMalaysia, kodwa manje, ngokusobala, azikho izilwane zasendle ezisele lapho. Esiqhingini saseMindoro (Philippines) endaweni ekhethekile u-Iglit wayehlala kuyo imifudlana ekhethekile, emfishane, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-tamarau (B. b. mindorensis) Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kusenokwenzeka ukuthi sekuphelile ngaye. Kepha ububanzi bomlando bokuxazululwa kwe-buffalo bukhulu. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka BC. e. buffalo lamanzi latholakala endaweni enkulu ukusuka eMesopotamiya kuye eningizimu yeChina.
Ezindaweni eziningi, izinciphisi manje zihlala ezindaweni ezivikelwe ngokuqinile lapho zisetshenziselwa abantu futhi azisekho endle ngomqondo oqinile wegama. I-buffalo yamanzi nayo yangeniswa e-Australia ngekhulu le-19 futhi yasakazeka kabanzi enyakatho yezwekazi.
Emazweni ase-Asia, uhla kanye nezinombolo zezinyathi zamanzi zihlala zincipha. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu akukhona ukuzingela, okuvame ukukhawulelwa futhi kwenziwe ngokwezilinganiso eziqinile, kepha ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukulima nokuqedwa kwezindawo ezikude. Izindawo lapho i-buffalo yasendle ingahlala endaweni yemvelo iya ngokuya incipha. Eqinisweni, manje eNdiya naseSri Lanka uhla lwe-buffalo yasendle luboshelwe ngokuphelele emapaki ezwe (iKaziranga National Park eyaziwayo esifundazweni saseNdiya i-Assam inomhlambi we-buffalo ngaphezu kwenhloso eyinkulungwane). Isimo eNepal naseBhutan singcono.
Enye inkinga enkulu ukwehlukaniswa okungapheli kwezimpikiswano zasendle nabantu ezifuywayo, yingakho izinhlobo zezinto zasendle kancane kancane ziphelelwa msulwa kwegazi. Ukugwema lokhu kunzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi cishe yonke indawo izinyathi zasendle kufanele zihlale endaweni nabantu, futhi, ngokulandelana, izinyathi ezifuywayo ezigcinwe kuluhlu lwamahhala.
13.10.2019
I-Buffalo yama-Indian amanzi, noma i-buffalo yase-Eshiya (lat. Bubalus arnee) ingeyomndeni wakwaBovidae. Ingummeleli ojwayelekile kakhulu we-genus Bubalus, izinhlobo ezi-3 ezisele zitholakala ezimweni zemvelo eziqhingini ezimbalwa kuphela e-Southeast Asia.
I-buffalo yaseYurophu yaseYurophu (i-Bubalus murrensis), eyayihlala eningizimu yeYurophu naseNyakatho ne-Afrika, kuthiwa yashabalala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi eyedlule.
Ezindaweni eziningi, lesi silwane sigcinwe ekhaya. Kwasinda abantu abambalwa basendle. Iningi lazo kungenzeka ukuthi labunjwa yi-buffalo yase-Asia eyingqayizivele. ENdiya, babizwa ngo-Arnie. Zihlobene kakhulu ngofuzo i-tamarau buffalo (Bubalus mindorensis).
Uhlobo lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1792 ngumbhali waseScotland futhi isazi semvelo uRobert Kerr.
Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo Buffalos
Izidudla zamanzi zavela kwi-Pleistocene yasekuqaleni kweminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyi-1,8 edlule e-Asia, zisuka lapho zahlala kancane kancane zasentshonalanga. Babephathwe eminyakeni engaba ngu-6000 edlule eChina. Kamuva baqala ukukhula eNdiya naseMesopotamia.
Lezi zilwane eziqinile ngokungajwayelekile zazisetshenziselwa ezolimo ukulima amasimu, ukukhiqiza ubisi nenyama. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu (cishe ama-8%), ubisi lwawo, ngokungafani nobisi lwenkomo, lungagcinwa isikhathi eside futhi lube nenani elikhulu lokudla. Ama-Buffaloes ahlukaniswa yimpilo yawo ethandekayo futhi agula kaningi kunezinye izinkomo.
Inani lemfuyo yabo lilinganiselwa kubantu abayizigidi eziyi-150. Kuze kube manje, sekuvunwe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70. Bangaphezu kwamathani angama-45 ezigidi ubisi lwe-buffalo namathani ayizigidi ezintathu zenyama akhiqizwa ngonyaka e-Asia.
Izinyathi zase-Asia manje sezifuywe emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Adumile eGibhithe, eBrazil, e-Australia, eJapan naseziqhingini zaseHawaii. EYurophu, zigcinwa e-Italy, Romania, Bulgaria naseHungary.
Izilwane zidume ngomlingiswa wazo okhalazayo. Azikhombisi ulaka kubantu futhi zingalawulwa kalula ngisho nezingane ezincane.
Izici:
Ama-buffalo wamanzi asendle makhulu futhi anzima kune-buffalo yamanzi asekhaya, futhi anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-600 no-1,200 kg (amakhilogremu ayi-1,300 kuye kwangama-2 600). Isisindo esijwayelekile sezinyathi zasendle ezintathu ezazithunjiwe zazingama-900 kg (amakhilogremu angama-2 000). Amakhanda abo kuya kobude bomzimba asuka ku-240 kuya ku-300 cm (kusuka ku-94 kuya ku-118, ku) ngomsila osuka ku-60 kuye ku-100 cm (kusuka kuma-intshi angama-24 kuye kwangama-39) ubude nokuphakama kwamahlombe ukusuka kuma-150 kuye kwangama-190 cm (kusuka ku-59 kuye ku-75 ku). Bobabili ubulili baphatha izimpondo ezisindayo ezisekelweni futhi zisakazeka kabanzi kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 (amasentimitha angama-79) emaphethelweni angaphandle, zedlula usayizi wanoma uluphi uphondo lwenkomo bukhoma. Umbala wabo wesikhumba u-ashen - grey to black. Izinwele ezinde ngokulinganayo, ezinamaqabunga nezilinganiselwe ziqondiswa phambili kusuka emuva ziye emuva ziye ekhanda elide nelincane. Kukhona isigaxa ebunzini, nezindlebe zincane. Isihloko somsila siminyene, izinselo zikhulu futhi zisakazeka kabanzi. Kanye ne-gaura, bahlala khona, njengoba bezisinda kakhulu, ziphila, zinhlobo lwenkomo yasendle, ngoba zombili zifinyelela isilinganiso esifanayo, uma singekho isisindo esilinganayo, yize, ngezimbambo zazo ezinesitokwe, esifushane imilenze, izinyathi zamanzi zasendle zincanyana ngobude nobude kune-gaura.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Buffaloes zasendle zenzeka eNdiya, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand naseCambodia, kunabantu abangaqinisekile eMyanmar. Waqothulwa eBangladesh, Laos, Vietnam naseSri Lanka. Lokhu kungenxa yezindawo ezimanzi, amachibi nezigodi zemifula enamanzi amaningi.
E-India, ukubukwa kukhawulelwe ikakhulu nasezindaweni ezizungeze iKaziranga, i-Manase kanye neDibru-Saikhowa National Parks, iLaokhowa Wildlife Sangment neBora Chapori Nature Reserve, futhi kusabalale emaphaketheni abo e-Assam nasezindaweni ezizungezile ze-D'tch zasendle leSikhumbuzo se-Arunachal Pradesh . Inani elincane labantu liyasinda eBalpakram National Park eMeghalom naseChhattisgarh e-Indravati National Park nase-Udanti Nature Reserve. Lesi sizwe singasakazekela ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane ze-Orissa. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, kusengaba nezimpikiswano zasendle ezingaba ngu-3 300-3 500 zasendle e-Assam kanye nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane asenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya. Ngo-1997, leli nani lalinganiselwa kubantu abadala abangaphansi kuka-1,500.
Abantu abaningi abasindile kucatshangelwa ukuthi bahlanganyele nezilwane noma izinyathi ezifuywayo. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980s, zazingaphansi kwe-buffaloes zasendle ezingaphansi kwekhulu ezasala eMadhya Pradesh. Ngo-1992, kulinganiselwa ukuthi yizilwane ezingama-50 kuphela ezisindile lapho.
Isibalo sabantu baseNepal kuphela esihlala eKoshi Tappu Wildlife Sangment futhi sakhula sisuka kubantu abangama-63 ngonyaka we-1976 saya kubantu abangama-219 ngonyaka ka-2009, ukubalwa kwabantu kokugcina kwenziwa ngonyaka we-2016, okukhombisa ukuthi manje lesi sibalo sikhule kakhulu futhi safinyelela kubantu abangama-432 Abesilisa abayi-120, izinsikazi eziyi-182 namathole ayi-130. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kungekho ngwe, ihlosi noma iDhole esigodliwe, izinga lokukhula kwe-buffalo yasendle lilinganiselwa ngaphezu kuka-7%. Njengoba inani labantu selikhuphukile, abaphathi abaphethe bacabanga ngokudlulisela abanye abantu ezikhukhuleni zeChitwan National Park ngonyaka we-2016.
E-Royal Bhutan's Royal Park National naseBhutan, kutholakala inani elincane le-buff yasendle. Lokhu kuyingxenye yokuqanjwa okwenzeka eManase National Park of India. EMyanmar, izilwane eziningana ezihlala ngokuzimela kwezomnotho wesintu zihlala eTiger Reserve Hukaung Valley.
EThailand, izinyathi zasendle kubikwa ukuthi zivela emhlanjini omncane wabantu abangaphansi kwama-40. Isibalo sabantu abangama-25-60 sihlala ezigodini eziphansi zeSanikhakhang kusuka ngoDisemba 1999 kuya ku-Ephreli 2001. Lesi sizwe asikakhuli kakhulu kule minyaka eyi-15 edlule, futhi kungahle kube nokunqotshwa kwezimpawu ezifuywayo.
Inani labantu eCambodia lilinganiselwe endaweni encane yesifundazwe saseMpumalanga uMalkalkiri futhi nezifundazwe zaseRatanakiri. Kusala abantu abambalwa kuphela.
Izidudla zamanzi zasendle eSri Lanka yizindawo ezingaphansi migona kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi bayinzalo yemfuyo eyethulwe. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi izinyathi zamanzi zasendle zangempela zihlale zikhona namuhla.
Izilwane zasendle ezitholakala kwenye indawo e-Asia, Australia, Argentina, naseBolivia ziyizindaba ezifuywayo ezifuywayo.
I-ecology nokuziphatha
Buffaloes zasendle imini nobusuku. Izinsikazi ezindala nezinhlobo zazo ezisencane zinamaqembu afinyelela kubantu abangama-30 anezindlu ezisukela kumahektare angama-170 kuye kwangama-1000 (amamitha angama-0.66 kuya kwangu-3.86), kufaka nezindawo zokuzijabulisa, zokudla amadlelo, ukugibela nokuphuza. Amaqembu ahola izinkomo ezindala, noma ngabe izinkabi zihamba neqembu. Imindeni eminingana yakha umhlambi wezilwane ezingama-30 kuye kwangama-500 ezibuthana ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa. Amadoda amadala enza amaqembu abizwa ngokuthi ama-bachelor amaqembu abantu abangafika kwabayi-10, abesilisa abadala bavame ukungashadi, futhi bachitha isikhathi esomile ngaphandle kwemindeni yabesifazane. Abafuyi bezinkathi ezithile zonyaka kububanzi babo, imvamisa ngo-Okthoba nangoNovemba. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bazala unyaka wonke. Abesilisa abathandanayo bahlala nabesifazane bendlu, okuthi ngemuva kwalokho babaxoshe. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo sisuka ezinyangeni eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-11, kube nesikhawu esiphakathi kwesilinganiso sokuzala sonyaka owodwa. Imvamisa zizala inzalo eyodwa, yize kungenzeka amawele. Iminyaka yokuthomba yizinyanga eziyi-18 kwabesilisa neminyaka emithathu kwabesifazane. Isikhathi sokuphila esaziwa kakhulu seminyaka engama-25 endle. Endle e-Assam, usayizi wezimvu usukela kwabathathu kuya kwabangu-30.
Cishe zingama-herbivores azithandayo, azondla kakhulu okusanhlamvu lapho etholakala, njengotshani baseBermuda kanye IsiKhupro i-sedge, kepha futhi idla amanye amakhambi, izithelo, namagxolo, kanye nezihlahla nezihlahlana. Ziphinde zidle nezilimo, kufaka phakathi irayisi, umoba kanye ne-jute, kwesinye isikhathi kudala umonakalo omkhulu.
Amahlosi nezingwenya ezidla izinyathi zasendle ezindala, kanye namabhere amnyama ase-Asia ayaziwa nangokuthi azibulale.
Izinsongo
Ukwehla okungenani kwamaphesenti angama-50 kubantu kulezi zizukulwane ezintathu ezedlule kubonakala kungenzeka, uma kubhekwa njengokusatshiswa, ikakhulukazi i-hybridization, lo mkhuba kulindeleke ukuthi uqhubeke ngokuzayo. Izinsongo ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- ukuzalanisa ngezinqolobane zasendle nezasekhaya nezindawo ezivikelekile,
- ukuzingela, ikakhulukazi eThailand, eCambodia naseMyanmar,
- ukulahleka kwendawo ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula ngenxa yokuguqukela kwezolimo nasekuthuthukisweni kwamandla kagesi,
- Ukucekelwa phansi kwamanzi ngenxa yezinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezifana namawele wasentwini kanye namazenga,
- izifo namagciwane adluliselwa yimfuyo yangaphakathi,
- Interspecific mncintiswano wokudla namanzi phakathi kwe-buffalo yasendle nemfuyo.
Umlando we-taxonomic
UKarl Linney usebenza nge-binomial I-Bos bubalis kuyi-buffalo engaphakathi encazelweni yayo yokuqala ka-1758. Ngo-1792, uRobert Kerr wafaka i-binomial I-Bos arnee ezinhlotsheni zasendle ezitholakala eNdiya enyakatho yeBengal. Kamuva, ababhali bangaphansi kwe-buffalo yasendle ngaphansi kwanoma iyiphi I-Bos , Bubalus noma Buffelus .
Ngo-2003, kwabekwa i-International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature Bubalus arnee kuvuliwe uhlu olusemthethweni lwamagama athile ku-zoology Ukubona ubuhle baleli gama ngezinhlobo zasendle. Iningi lababhali lamukele i-binomen Bubalus arnee for buffalo yasendle evumele amatekisi.
Ukulandelana okumbalwa kwe-DNA kuyatholakala kubantu be-buffalo zasendle. Izilwane zasendle kucatshangelwa ukuthi zizoqala kabusha izinyathi zesimanje ezifuywayo, kepha ukwahlukahluka kofuzo kungaphakathi B. Arnee akucaci, nokuthi bahlangana kanjani nezindlela zasemfuleni ezifuywayo kanye nezindlela zobumb.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Indawo yokuhlala kwe-arni itholakala eNdiya, Thailand, Nepal naseBhutan. E-China, abantu basendle banyamalala maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili.
Cishe zingaba ngu-3 000 izimbaza zamanzi zasendle eNdiya. Bahlala ngamaqembu amancane ezindaweni ezigcinwe ezifundazweni zase-Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh nase Meghalaya. Ungazibona ngamehlo akho emapaki ezwe lonke laseManase naseKaziranga, esifundeni sase-Assam.
Ngaphandle kweNdiya, akusekho ama-arnies angaphezu kuka-1000 asindile. Iqembu elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane eziyi-150 lihlala endaweni eyi-Kosi-Tappu eNepal.
Ama-Arnies ahlala eSri Lanka abhekwa njengezizukulwane zezinja ezifuywayo ezase ziqhubeke zasendle ngekhulu le-XIX.
Ukuziphatha
Lezi izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamahloni ahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nezinamanzi asezingeni eliphansi, kanye namaxhaphozi kanye namachibi omfula, angafinyeleleki kubantu ezindaweni. Ngesinye isikhathi, zihlala emathafeni anotshani ovulekile noma kuma-savannah, kepha zihlala ziseduze ngqo nezidumbu zamanzi.
Izidudla zamanzi zichitha iningi losuku emanzini. Ngemuva kokuthatha izinqubo zamanzi, bathanda ukugxila kusilika olusogwini, embozwe ungqimba lodaka olubanzi. Izinqubo ezinjalo zingasusa ngempumelelo izinambuzane ezicasulayo nezinye izinambuzane zesikhumba. Ngemuva kokumiswa, ukungcola kwakha uqweqwe olunzima, lapho izinambuzane eziningi zifa khona.
Ezintabeni, izinyosi zase-Eshiya zibonwa maphakathi namahlathi endaweni ephakeme aze afike ku-2500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Bahlala emaqenjini emindeni yezilwane eziyi-15-25. Kwesinye isikhathi zihlanganiswa emihlambi yabantu abangafika kwabangu-120, ehlanganisa abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili kanye nenzalo yabo. Izinsizwa, lapho zifinyelela ebusheni, zijoyina amaqembu ezinceku afinyelela ku-10 ezinkabi.
Izinkunzi ezindala zihlala zodwa. Abesilisa bajoyina abesifazane esikhathini sokuzalela futhi baxoshwa yibo ngemuva kokuphumelela kokuzala.
Umhlambi ngamunye uhlala endaweni yasekhaya engama-200 kuya ku-1000 ha. Iziza zingase zihlangane.
Ama-buffaloes aseNdiya endle asaba abantu futhi ajwayele abaleke lapho avela. Okuhlukile yizinkunzi ezindala ezinesizungu. Imvamisa idlulela ekuzivikeleni okusebenzayo futhi kungokuqala ukushesha ekuhlaseleni.
Izilwane ziye zathuthukisa umuzwa wokuhogela nokuzwa okubukhali. Umbono awunamandla futhi udlala indima yesibili.
Umsoco
Ukuba yimisebe, ama-arnies adla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ikakhulukazi utshani nezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kudliwa amahlamvu amancane nezihlumela zezihlahla zezihlahlana.
Ama-Artiodactyls aklaba ngesikhathi sasemini. Imvamisa bafuna ukudla emifuleni nasemachibini. Ngesinye isikhathi baya emasimini abantu abampofu futhi bazijabulise nangokusanhlamvu.
Ukuzala
Kwabesifazane, ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwezingu-18 ubudala, nakowesilisa cishe unyaka olandelayo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sidlula ngemuva kwezikhathi zemvula. Amadonki eza kwabesifazane futhi anqume ukulungela kwawo ukukhula komunyu, ukuhogela umchamo wawo kanye nezitho zangasese.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-320 kuya kwezingama-340.
Owesifazane uletha ithole elilodwa, kuyaqabukela ukuba ngamathole amabili. Ngaphambi nje kokuba abelethe, ushiya umhlambi futhi athole indawo ecashile evikelwe ngotshani obude noma ngezihlahla.
Ithole elisanda kuzalwa selingavele lime ngezinyawo zalo futhi ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa kwalo, landela umama. Inesisindo esingu-35-40 kg. Ezinyangeni ezi-6 ezilandelayo, ithole lidla ubisi lwebele. Ekupheleni kokondla ubisi, ushintshela ekudleni okuqinile.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-240- 3200. Ukuphakama kwabuna ngama-150-180 cm.I ubude lomsila lingama-60-90 cm. Isisindo sisuka ku-800 kuye ku-1200 kg. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu futhi balula ukwedlula abesilisa. Izilwane ezifuywayo zincane kakhulu futhi zilula kakhulu kunabalingani bazo basendle. Imvamisa inesisindo esingu-300-600 kg.
Ijazi elifushane limpunga, mnyama noma nsundu. Umsila uphela nge-brashi eminyene. Ama-buffaloes wasekhaya angaba nombala omhlophe, o-beige noma omfushane ngombala omhlophe nomhlophe nomhlophe.
Izindlebe ezincane zitholakala ngemuva kwezimpondo ezinhlangothini zekhanda elixineneyo neliyindilinga. Bobabili ubulili banezimpondo ze-convex ziqondiswe ezinhlangothini. Kwesinye isikhathi bagoba kancane ngaphakathi. Engxenyeni yesiphambano, izimpondo zicishe zibe zinxantathu ngesimo. Abesilisa banezimpondo eziningi kunabesifazane.
Izinselo zibanzi kakhulu. Zithathelwa ukuze zihambisane nomhlabathi othambile.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwesinyathi samanzi saseNdiya sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-30.
Buffalo nomuntu
I-buffalo yamanzi ibigcinwe kusukela kudala. I-buffalo yasendlini ihlukile kuneyasendle esimweni sokuzola, esifushane (imvamisa) izimpondo, nomzimba - isisu sayo sicwebezela kakhulu, siyimpimpi, kanti i-buffalo yasendle iyashisa kakhulu.
I-buffalo yasekhaya ingenye yezilwane zasepulazini eziphambili emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eNdiya, eningizimu yeChina, naseziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseMalay. Kunezincazelo eziningi ezifuywayo emazweni aseningizimu yeYurophu, ikakhulukazi i-Italy, lapho avela khona, ngokusobala, enama-Arabhu ngekhulu lesi-8 - le-9. I-buffalo yasekhaya yathunyelwa eJapan, eHawaii naseLatin America. Izimpikiswano eziningi ezifuywayo eSudan nakwamanye amazwe ase-East Africa naseziqhingini zaseMadagascar. Sekuyisikhathi eside behlakulela izinyathi eCaucasus. Futhi, izinyathi zigcinwa esifundeni saseTranscarpathian kanye nasesifundeni saseLviv e-Ukraine.
I-Buffalo isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengomphathi we-okusalungiswa, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenzwa amasimu erayisi, futhi futhi njengezinkomo zobisi, yize umkhiqizo we-buffalo uphansi kaningana kunowezinkomo zobisi. Kodwa-ke, ubisi lwe-buffalo lunamafutha kunobisi lwenkomo. Inyama ye-buffalo, ngisho namathole, iqinile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayidliwa kakhulu.
Inkunzi enkulu yezinyathi yasendle enezimpondo ezinkulu ingumugqa wamukelekile kumzingeli. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi lapho i-buffalo yasendle isindile, ukuzingela kwayo kungavinjelwa noma kukhawulelwe ngokuphelele. Ukuphela kwendawo eyodwa yi-Australia, lapho inyathi iyisilwane esibalulekile sokuzingela. I-buffalo iqinile esilondeni, futhi ukulinyazwa kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziselwa izikhali ezinkulu ze-caliber ekuzingeleni, ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwe .375 N & H Magnum noma .416 Rigby.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Kunezindlela ezingafika kwezi-6 ze-buffalo yase-Eshiya, abacwaningi abahlukahlukene abanikeza isilinganiso esihlukile sokuhleleka. Njengamanje, izinkathi ezi-4 zenyathi yase-Asia zasendle zivame ukwahlukaniswa. Bubalus arnee, futhi ifomu elisendlini libhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile Bubalus bubalis ngofuzo olulodwa oluhlukile kunhlobo yokuqokwa:
- Bubalus arnee arnee (= B. bubalis arnee) - I-East India neNepal,
- Bubalus arnee fulvus (= B. bubalis fulvus) - okuncane kakhulu okubhaliselwe, i-Assam nezindawo eziseduzane,
- Bubalus arnee theerapati (= B. bubalis theerapati) - izingxenye ezingasentshonalanga neziseningizimu ye-Indochina peninsula,
- Bubalus arnee migona (= B. bubalis migona) — I-Ceylon buffalo yamanzi , isiqhingi saseSri Lanka,
- Bubalus bubalis bubalis - uhlobo olufuyisiwe lwenyathi yase-Eshiya, ebizwa ngokuthi "uhlobo lomfula", inama-chromosomes angama-50,
- Bubalus bubalis var. kerabau - Uhlobo olukhethekile, "uhlobo lwexhaphozi" le-buffalo yase-Asia yasekhaya, lunama-chromosomes angama-48.
Amaqiniso amangalisayo
- Ushizi odumile wase-Italian mozzarella ngokuya ngeresiphi efanelekile wenziwe ubisi lwe-buffalo.
- ENdiya, lapho inkomo eningi labantu eyisilwane esingcwele futhi inganakwa ekuhlatshweni inyama, iyathengiswa, noma kunjalo, ungathola kaningi inyama yenkomo ne-veal. Lokhu kudangalisa kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi ukwenqatshelwa kwenkolo akusebenzi kulezi buffaloes, ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwegama lenkomo, abathengisi lutho ngaphandle kwenyama ye-buffalo. Ihluke enkomeni yangempela ngokunambitheka, ngaphandle kwe-buffalo iqinile kakhulu kunenyama yenkomo.
- Ezindaweni eziningi eSoutheast Asia (ezinye izindawo zaseVietnam, iThailand, iLaos), imidlalo oyithandayo ye-buffalo ibandakanya ukulwa ne-buffalo yasekhaya.
Izinkunzi ezinde kakhulu zilungiselelwe imincintiswano isikhathi eside, ziqeqeshiwe futhi zondlisiwe ngendlela ekhethekile. Le mpi yenzeka ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu - izinkunzi zilethwa kule ndawo zibhekene nenye futhi i-butt, kuze kube yilapho enye ibaleka enkundleni yempi noma ikhombisa izimpawu ezisobala zokwehlulwa (ngokwesibonelo, iwela ezinyaweni zomnqobi). Ukulwa akuvame kakhulu ukuchitheka kwegazi - imvamisa imibhangqwana ayibangeli ukulimala okukhulu. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukulwa kwezinyathi sekubuye kwaba yinto ethandwayo izivakashi.
Ezinye iziphakamiso:
Ama-oki okudala akhula endabuko
Ihlathi laseZmeyevogorsk
I-Grachevskaya Cottage Cottage
Ipaki Yemvelo "Kumysnaya Polyana"
I-Ling Lingonberry Sukhodol
Amahlathi e-Agarevskie pine
Amahlathi amadala weKaraman
Amahlathi E-Teplovsky Amahlathi
Ukutshala kaphayini ngomgwaqo
Ipheshana elithi "Side Cottage"
Ihlathi laseHlathi Lokhovskaya
Elnik eduzane naseKamenka
Amahlathi e-oksa asezikhukhuleni e-Ursa
Ukufika kweGolitsyn kuqala
I-Sukhokarabulak larch ehlathini yamahlathi
I-Forest Small Suhodol
Ukufika kweGolitsyn kwesibili
Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhowe esifundeni Saratov
Ukutshala oku-Larch eBazarny Karabulak
Iphayin encane egqumeni laseKlyuchevskaya
Bazaar-Karabulak amahlathi amakhowe
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi
I-buffalo encane, noma i-buffalo (lat.Ictiobus bubalus) - uhlobo lwenhlanzi enamanzi amnandi ohlobo lwe-Iktiobusy womndeni wakwaChukuchanov. Ngaphandle, zifana ne-carp, i-carp yesiliva noma i-carp yesiliva. Sekukonke, uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezinhlanzi zaseNyakatho Melika zomndeni wakwaChukuchanov. Kwesinye isikhathi umdobi uyakwazi ukuphatha i-crucian enkulu ngokungajwayelekile njenge-trophic, kepha imvamisa yi-iktiobus, noma inyathi, inhlanzi efakwa emzimbeni wamandla eRussia. Akasona isihlobo se-crucian carp noma abanye abamele umndeni we-cyprinid, yize efana kakhulu nabo. Ngeminyaka yama-70s e-USSR bazamile ukufuya inyathi encane (Ictiobus bubalus), kanye ne-buffalo emnyama (Ictiobus niger). Kusukela ngo-1971, le nhlanzi yaphakanyiswa emfucumfucwini wezinhlanzi waseGoryachy Klyuch, emva kwalokho kwenziwa imizamo yokuzalela emachibini, nasezihlangwini zaseKuibyshev naseSaratov. Kodwa-ke, i-buffalo ayizange ivele nathi - futhi yanyamalala, kepha kwakungekho inzuzo ukuyikhulisa ngokwenziwe. Yize abantu bakhona bekhula ngokushesha ngosayizi, kufinyelela usayizi omuhle, kepha le nhlanzi ithanda ukuhlala emachibini nasemachibini anamanzi afudumele futhi ithambekele ezifweni eziningi zasendaweni. Ezindaweni ezingandile, ungabamba le nhlanzi kusuka kithi kuze kube namuhla, ikakhulukazi eningizimu. Abadobi endaweni eseVolga kwesinye isikhathi bahlangana nabameleli bezinyathi zasendle, bebahambisa lapho behamba khona kakhulu. Yize lesi sivakashi phesheya singahambisani ne-crucian carp futhi singakwazi ngisho nokuhlangana ne-carp crucian, njengoba izinhlanzi zomunye umndeni akuzona ama-cyprinids, kodwa amaChukuchans.
Ama-iktibus yi-thermophilic, amachibi ayifanele indawo yawo yokuhlala, amanzi lapho afudumele khona. Emachibini abandayo nasemachibini, abantu abatholakali. Abantu bazizwa bemnandi emigodini enodaka. Emachibini nasezichibini lapho kuhlala khona i-carp yesiliva ne-carp, izinhlanzi ze-buffalo azimnandi. Uvame ukuthinteka yi-lerneosis. Ukunambitheka kwenyama kulinganiswa njengokuphezulu. Inhlanzi ibonakala ngokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu, ayinayo iphunga langaphandle. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-cyprinid, okuqukethwe kwamathambo amancane ku-pulp akubalulekile. Inzuzo enkulu ye-buffalo ngokuya nge-gastronomy itholakala kalula, ngokungafani ne-crucian carp, isikali, ngisho nasesiswini, izikali ezincane zisuswa kalula ngokuhamba kommese nokusinda okukhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ingagcinwa ihlanzekile isikhathi eside futhi ihanjiswe amabanga amade. Ungapheka nganoma iyiphi indlela efanelekile i-carp nezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini amnandi nenyama ethambile. Kuthosiwe, kubhakwe, kumisiwe, kubhemiwe. Ungayifaka endlebeni yakho noma wenze i-balyk enhle kakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba obuphezulu buyi-90.9 cm, isisindo kufika ku-31.4 kg. Iminyaka yokuphila engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-14. Ukuma kwe-buffalo kufana ne-crucian carp. Umzimba uphakama ngokulingana, ucindezelwe ezinhlangothini, phezulu. Umhlane uboshiwe ngokusobala, phambi kwephini ledors icindezelwa ngokuqinile kamuva ngesimo se-keel. Izinhloko zabantu zinde ngokulingana. Kuyafana ngesimo emakhanda e-carp esiliva. Amehlo makhulu. Umlomo mncane, ucishe uqonde. I-dorsal fin yinde, imisebe yayo yokuqala engu-6-7 yinde kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye, iphrofayili ye-fin icishe ibe yigwala. Umbala uyafana: emuva kanye nezinhlangothi ziyahlukahluka kusuka kumnyama kuya kokumpunga okukhanyayo, ngopende wegolide noma wethusi, isisu sinombala ompunga, amabala aphuzi ngombala, afana nombala we-carp.
Ihlala emanzini ajulile, ageleza ngokushesha, ahlanzekile futhi acacile emifuleni emikhulu. Gcina isiteshi esikhulu, kepha futhi saphawulwa emalungwini amadala nasezichibini zezikhukhula. Umsoco uhlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinto eziphilayo ze-benthic. Ngaphezu kwe-plankton, idla ama-diatoms kanye nolunye ulwelwe, izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans amancane, izimbotshana nezinye izilwane. Iningi lezinhlanzi lisebenzisa inani elithile le-organic detritus, kanye nesihlabathi esingena ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
Abesilisa bafika eminyakeni yobudala engu-4-5 ubudala ubude bomzimba obungu-41 cm, abesifazane - ngeminyaka eyi-6 noma ngaphezulu, nobude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-44. Isisindo senhlanzi esikhona ngalesi sikhathi kufanele sifinyelele ku-2−2,5 kg. Ezimweni ezingezinhle, izintokazi aziveli minyaka yonke. I-Spawning yelulwa kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, inenqwaba ngoJulayi. Abantu abahlanzekile bakha izidleke ezibandakanya abesilisa abathathu nabesilisa abungu-1. Eduze kowesifazane kungowesilisa oyedwa kuphela, bonke abanye bagcinwa kude futhi eduze kwamanzi, benamathela emgodini we-dorsal. Iziduna zingajikijela ezinhlangothini, zidale ukugqagqana kwesimo ebusweni, kufane "nomdlalo" wesidumbu esivelayo.
Ukuzala kwabesifazane amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200-290, kubantu besifazane ubude obungama-80 cm - amaqanda angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-500. Ukuqhekeka kwesikhathi esisodwa kwenzeka emanzini angajulile, imvamisa ezindaweni ezinezimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi. I-Caviar incane, iphuzi, yokuqina okuguquguqukayo, okunamathelayo. Isendlalelo sokusakazeka yiziphi izinto eziqinile ngaphansi kwamanzi. Izinsikazi zingavela ezingxenyeni zezitshalo (izimpande, i-toljak, utshani obugcwala amanzi), amatshe, noma izakhiwo ze-hydraulic. I-Caviar igxila phansi noma inamathele ezitshalweni. Amazinga okushisa amanzi angama-21.1 ° C, izibungu ziqhakaze izinsuku ezine emva kokukhulelwa. Umsebenzi uboniswa masinyane ngemuva kokubopha, ukukhuphuka futhi futhi kucwila phansi. Ukudla kwezingane kuqukethe ama-crustaceans abo aphansi. Izinhlanzi ezinonyaka owodwa zigcwele izimbungulu zamanzi, ama-ostracod kanye ne-phytoplankton ngezikhathi ezithile; ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ukukhula okuncane kufinyelela kubude obuyi-10 cm. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-3 yokulinywa, isisindo senhlanzi singafinyelela ku-1-2 kg. Ngokufakwa kwesitoko okwenziwe ngokungemthetho, lokhu kunikeza inzuzo esheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cyprinids noma i-silver carp. Isisindo sezidumbu ze-buffalo ezindala zingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-2,5 kg, kanti isisindo esikhulu cishe singama-30 kg. Izinhlanzi ze-Buffalo zifinyelela ngosayizi omkhulu (kufika ku-1 m ubude) futhi zibonisa indondo enhle ngisho esemncane.
Ukudoba izinhlanzi kuphila ngobuningi futhi kungabanjwa noma yimaphi amathuluzi. I-Buffalo ibanjwa ngendlela efanayo ne-crucian carp. Izinhlanzi zivame ukudotshwa kusuka phansi. Ukuluma okungcono kakhulu kwenzeka ekudobeni kwehlobo ukuqala kokusa kokusa noma ukushona kwelanga kusihlwa. Basebenzisa ama-docks, izinduku zokudoba kanye ne-feeders ukudoba. I-iktiobus emnyama icophelela kakhulu futhi igcina ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zamanzi, zamathuluzi okusebenzisa ukudoba we-carp noma i-carp.Intwasahlobo, ihlobo nokuwa kuyizinkathi lapho unethuba lokuya ukudoba nge-buffalo. Ngamagama, kungahlangatshezwana kuphela nezinkathi ezifudumele, okusho ukuthi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokudoba isikhathi sasehlobo. Isikhathi lapho ukuluma okusebenzayo kakhulu kusesekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa, kepha ngokuvamile ehlobo kuzobe kugcwele usuku lonke. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kungcono ukuya ukudoba phakathi nosuku lapho ilanga lifudumeza khona amanzi. Ukuluma ebusuku ngalesi sikhathi kuyaqabukela kakhulu. Ebusika, le nhlobo yezinhlanzi ayibanjwa nhlobo, njengoba umsebenzi wayo nenqubo yokondla iyaphela.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, indlela enhle yokubamba i-buffalo yinduku yokudoba edlanzana - okubaluleke kakhulu kepha kunokwethenjwa. Ngokudoba, kusetshenziswa induku yokudoba ende engu-5-6 m, ifakwe umugqa wokudoba u-0.1-0.2 mm obukhulu ngamagwegwe abhalwe ngo 12-16. Ungakhohlwa ukuvuvukala, ukushuba okunconyiwe okuyi-0.10-0.12 mm. Umbala wolayini wokudotshwa ukhethiwe ngokuya ngethala: kumanzi amile uyoba notshani, ngenkathi ukugeleza okusheshayo kungcono ukunikeza umbala onsundu. Kepha uma i-buffalo isebenza, khona-ke umbala wentambo yokudoba awunawo umphumela ku-nibble yayo. Ukuntanta kufanele kube ngobukhulu be-Mediocre nesimo esilinganiselwe, ngoba izinhlangothi zaso ezixineneyo zidala ukuguquguquka ngokweqile kobubanzi bamanzi, obanjwa masinyane yi-buffalo ehlakaniphile. Ukulunywa kweBuffalo kunezifiso zayo: imvamisa i-float ihlala ohlangothini lwayo bese iya ohlangothini olulodwa noma ngejubane iye ohlangothini ngaso leso sikhathi - lapha awudingi ukungaphatheki kahle ngalesi sikhathi sokuhoxa. Njengoba sekushiwo, inhlanzi inobuhlakani obulungile, ngakho-ke ingathinta ngokucophelela i-bait futhi ihambahamba kuyo isikhathi eside. Ungayigxili i-buffalo, ngoba lokhu kwandisa ithuba lokuqhamuka ngenxa yegebe emlonyeni. Kuyadingeka ukudonsa umuntu osindayo ngokushelela, kodwa-ke, ijubane elincane kakhulu lokudoba ligcwele ukukhululwa kwalo. Lapho udoba izinyathi nge-feeder, ungasebenzisa induku yokuxubha, ubude bayo bungabi ngaphezu kwe-2.7 m, ukuhlolwa kufanele kube ngu-60 g kanye ne-feeder enesisindo esifinyelela ku-20 g.
I-Buffalo yinhlanzi ebabazekayo, kepha isisekelo sokudla kwayo yi-zooplankton, ngakho-ke isithiyo sesiphephelo se-carp ye-crucian ngokufakwa kwe-bloodworms, izibungu kanye neempethu kuphelele njengesiheho. Ukuze uthole i-nozzle, ungasebenzisa: ama-boilies, izibungu zezindunduma, ummbila obilisiwe noma osemathinini, inhlama, ibhali, i-oatmeal, i-semolina. Kunconywa ukuthi ukudla kwenziwe ngendlela yamabhola aminyene ngokulinganayo, ukuvumelana okuyikho okutholakele ngokuhlolwa. Ukuqapha kweBuffalo kudinga ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokufuya, ikakhulukazi lapho inhlanzi isiseduzane ebusweni, futhi ukuvela kwamanzi kukuvumela ukuthi uyibuke. Ama-Flocks angashintsha izindawo maduze, ngakho-ke udinga ukuheha ukunaka kwawo njalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphonsa ibheyili njalo kungawesabisa umndeni ongahlali isikhathi eside. Ubuningi bekheji obukhethwe kahle buvumela ukuthi iqhubeke ijamo ngemuva kokuna futhi inganyeli phansi. Uma, ngaphezu kwe-buffalo, kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezincane echibini, kunconywa ukwandisa usayizi wamabhola, ngaphandle kwalokho ingxenye yebhubesi yebheyili izofakwa endaweni engafanele. Njengama-carp we-crucian, i-buffalo ibona ngokuqinile izithasiselo ezinamakha, ngezinye izikhathi ezandisa ukusebenza kokudla okuhambisana nakho. Ngaso leso sikhathi, akudingekile ukusebenzisa ukunambitheka okungelona iqiniso - inhlanzi iphendula kahle kwizakhi zemikhiqizo yemvelo. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukugcina isilinganiso esithile, umuzwa ofikelwa yisikhathi, ngenkathi umdobi we-novice kufanele alandele umgomo wokuthi "kungcono ukulala kunokulala".