Ngiyaqhubeka nengxenye yami yokudidiyela enhlobonhlobo yezinhlanzi ezingaziwa ukuthi manje zibonakala emashalofini ezitolo. Umndeni wethu usuvele wathandana neLidedra nenyama yayo ethambile, efanelekile i-sushi ne-hamachi nigiri (isidlo saseJapan). Sivame ukuthenga iDorado, sithokoze iphunga lesidumbu "segolide", esinomlando owabuya kudala. Phakathi kwezintandokazi kanye nama-bass asolwandle - "wolf wolwandle", okuyinto ochwepheshe be-Culinary nochwepheshe abathi yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi.

Futhi namhlanje ngifuna ukwethula abafundi kummeli ongaziwa kakhulu wolwandle olujulile. Engajwayelekile ngisho negama - iyi-hare hare yolwandle (kwesinye isikhathi bathi unogwaja) noma i-chimera yolwandle.

Njengoba ubona esithombeni, igama lale nhlanzi lanikezwa ngama-fins aphansi amangalisayo, kanye nokwakheka kwe-muzzle, okufana kahle nonogwaja noma umhlanga. Babembiza ngokuthi i-chimera ngenxa yokubukeka okwesabisayo kwenhlanzi ebunjiwe ebhobhile enezimpawu zokuzivikela ezinhlamvini zamehlo, amaphiko avela kanye nokuba khona kwamazinyo abukhali.

Ngokuya kwe-Wikipedia, "i-European chimera (lat. Chimaera monstrosa) yinhlanzi enama-cartilaginous, uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lomyalo onjenge-chimera, otholakala e-East Atlantic kusuka e-Iceland naseNorway kuya olwandle iMedithera nangasogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika, kanye nolwandle iBarents."

Inhlanzi ihlanganisa izimfanelo eziningi ezimangalisayo. Okokuqala, njengoba ngike ngaphawula, izinhlanzi ziyinqolobane. Okusho ukuthi, azikho ezinkulu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, amathambo amancane kulo! Kuwo wonke umzimba kudlula umgogodla owodwa we-cartilaginous. Uma umuntu edla ushaka wasolwandle - katrana, angaqonda ukuthi yini ebeka engcupheni. Ukucaciseleka, ngizokhombisa ukuthi imaphi amathambo asele ezingxenyeni ezimbili ezihlukaniswe ngogqinsi ophekiwe.

Inhlanzi ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1-1,5 ubude futhi ifike kumakhilogremu amabili ngesisindo. Kepha ezitolo zethu, ngokubona kwami, izinhlanzi zithengiswa ikakhulu ezingxenyeni ezincane zesidumbu ngaphandle kwekhanda. Isizathu salokhu izinaliti ezi-spiky ezisezinhlayeni zamakhanda, ziqukethe izinto ezinobuthi. Zisuse ngokucophelela okukhulu lapho usika.

Imvamisa ngithenga okungaphansi kwekhilogremu yenhlanzi yokupheka isikhathi esisodwa komndeni wethu. Ngakho-ke kulokhu, izinhlanzi ezimbili zakhipha cishe amagremu ayi-800:

Ngiphakamisile ukuthi izinombolo ezingama-400-600 zikhombisa ubukhulu bezidumbu. Ngoba ubude bawo ngamunye bungaphakathi kwalesi sikhawulo.

Njengoba ubona esithombeni, izindleko zekhilogremu zingama-ruble angama-306, okungukuthi, inani lentengo elijwayelekile (ukuqhathanisa, iDorado inikezwa ngentengo engaba ama-ruble angama-500, i-mackerel enekhanda - cishe ama-ruble angama-180). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi abathengisi basebenzisa ukungazi kwabathengi futhi bakhangise lolu hlobo lokudla kwasolwandle njengokudla okungajwayelekile futhi okungavamile, ukuphakamisa umaki wentengo ngokungafanele.

Ngokubukeka, isidumbu esincibilikisiwe yi "sausage" ehlanzekile ehlanzekile kakhulu:

Kuyadingeka ukunaka ukubopha okucindezelayo kwesikhumba se-hare kolwandle. Futhi ukuba khona kwe-shaggy Fin fin kulo lonke ubude besidumbu, esisikwa kalula ngesikhafu esijwayelekile:

Abathengisi abangathembekile kwesinye isikhathi bakhohlisa futhi banikeze i-hake noma ikhodi ejwayelekile ye-chimera yasolwandle (lokhu kulula kakhulu lapho inhlanzi igcwele i-icoph cellophane ebandayo). Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwezindawo eziphinyiselwe ezinhlangothini kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi uyitholile unogwaja wolwandle olude.

Inyama ye-chimera yasolwandle igqamile kakhulu futhi yinhle:

Okunye okungajwayelekile kwale nhlanzi ukuthi ayinayo i-bubble yomoya (njengoshaka). Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi inhlanzi KUPHELA icindezelwa ukuba iqhubeke. Futhi lokhu kuholela ekungabikho kwamathambo emthanjeni nokuba khona kwe-vertebra ende ye-cartilaginous.

Ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kungabhekwa ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwesikali.

Okusho ukuthi, izinhlanzi zidinga kuphela ukuncitshiswa, izinhlayiya zenkokhelo zisusiwe (lezi ukuphela kwento edotiweyo), ezigezwa bese zisikwa izingxenye.

Inyama yeChimera imhlophe qhwa, ithambile futhi inoshukela, kokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphakathi nendawo (okuqukethwe kwekhalori ngamagremu ayi-100 kungaba ngu-115 kcal), enesakhiwo esibonakalayo semicu. Ngasikhathi sinye, nakanjani akunakubiza ngokuthi kunzima noma komile. Iphunga lale nhlanzi alilona neze udaka, elimnandi, lihlehla!)))

Enye into ethokozisayo ngendaba yeHard Hare. Cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, le nhlanzi yayithathwa njengengakulungele ukusetshenziswa ngabapheki. Kuphela amaqanda esibindi kanye ne-chimera abhekwa njengabalulekile. O, futhi nanti elinye iqiniso elimangalisayo nge-harese yolwandle - babeka amaqanda abo !! Yebo, uzwile kahle. Umama - "unogwaja" akavelanga ngokujwayelekile, kepha wenza i-clutch ku "cradle" yamaprotheni. Kuwo, phakathi nonyaka, la maqanda avuthwa, bese kwakheka ngokuphelele ifry kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ubude kusuka esikhwameni sentambo! Abahlinzeki basolwandle bazingela ubumbano obunjalo, ngakho-ke lo mkhiqizo ubhekwa njengobalulekile, ngaphandle futhi kubiza kakhulu!

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ososayensi bathola ukuthi inyama ye-hare hare yolwandle inezici ezibalulekile ezihlukile. Inamaprotheni emvelo, amunwa ngokuphelele ngumzimba womuntu. Inothile ngamavithamini A, D, E kanye namaminerali ahlukahlukene. Kuqinisekiswe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-chimera asolwandle ekudleni kwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol egazini futhi kususe ukuqongelela kwezinto eziyingozi kukho. Manje izitsha ezivela ku-chimera zitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo zokudlela ezihlonishwayo.

Njengoba unogwaja wasolwandle esebhekisa enhlanzini, bayipheka ngezindlela ezijwayelekile ngokuphelele: gazinga, ukubhaka noma u-grill.

Manje nginqume ukupheka i- “hare” kuhhavini ezimbizeni ezinemifino, amakhambi nobisi kanye noshizi kugcwalisa.

Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40, iphunga elimnandi lasakazeka kuyo yonke indlu! Umyeni uthe useyibambile emnyango wesiteji)))

Umphumela bewulindelwe, kwathi ingilazi yeKinszdmarauli yaphenduka isidlo sakusihlwa saba umgubho omncane wegourmet!

Ukufingqa kusuka kwinhlanzi enamanzi anosawoti, i-sea hare noma i-chimera.

Ngezinzuzo, ngiyabona:

1. Ububanzi besilinganiso samanani: ungakhokha izikhathi ezimbalwa ngenyanga.
2. Ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwesikali - ngemuva kokukhipha, izinhlanzi zidinga ukugezwa kuphela.
3. Esikhathini isidumbu samathambo - yi-vertebra ye-cartilaginous kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ezinganeni nedili "ezikhethiwe" - nje i-godsend!
4. Inyama enambitha, enoshukela, enamafutha ngokulinganayo.
5. Ngokusho kososayensi kanye nezazi zezempilo, amaprotheni anezakhi ze-chimera amunwa ngokuphelele ngumzimba womuntu. Kuqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini, amaminerali namafutha acid.
6. Ilungile nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphrinta okujwayelekile: ukubilisa, ukuthosa, ukubhaka.

Ngokufaka:

1. I-Sea Bunny - kuyaqabukela "ama-pops" emashalofini ezitolo.
2. Umthunzi onambithekayo (ozame inyama yoshaka omnyama u-Katrana uzokuqonda) usenobuhlakani obuthile. Kepha lokhu sekujwayelekile, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
3. Abaphethwe yi-Allergy kufanele basebenzise ukuqaphela okokuqala - ukudla kwasolwandle okuningi kuyizinto ezisebenzayo.
4. Njengoba inyama ihlukaniswa njengamafutha kunalokho-ke, ukudla okulandelayo, umuntu akufanele athathwe ngokudla unogwaja wasolwandle.

Inhlanzi ebunjiwe ngeChimera (Chimaeriformes)

Isigcawu kuphela esinemindeni emi-3 , omunye wabo - I-Callorhynchidae - kusabalele eningizimu ye-hemisphere, kanye nezinye ezimbili - Chimaeridae futhi I-Rhinochimaeridae - enyakatho, ikakhulukazi ngasogwini lwaseJapan.

Ukubhukuda okungalungile. Kusebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Ukudla liqukethe ama-invertebrates amancane nezinhlanzi ezincane. Isikhumba i-cartilaginous. I-skull i-hyostylistic. Kune-gill eyodwa evulwa ohlangothini ngalunye lomzimba. Ngasohlangothini lomzimba kunesiteshi somugqa oseceleni. Umlomo ophansi, amazinyo abukeka njengamapuleti ahlafunayo. Zonke izinhlanzi ezinjenge-chimera - izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ezinye izinhlobo eziphilayo ziphawulwa ngokujula kwamamitha angama-2600, azitholakali eshalofini.

Izinhlanzi ezinjengesimo seChimera ziyavuvukala umzimba ngandlela thile kucindezelwe kamuva futhi kuncipha ngokuncipha kuya emsileni. I-dorsal fin yokuqala ephezulu inesikhala esibuhlungu; kwezinye izinhlobo, indlala enobuthi isezingeni layo. Umsila uyi-heterocercal noma uqhubeka ngendlela yesishayo eside, esinciphile. Izolwandle, ikakhulukazi amafomu olwandle olujulile. Okuvamile emanzini afudumele futhi afudumele olwandle. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezakha amaqoqo ezentengiselwano. Bambelela phansi, ngamazinyo anamandla, amagobolondo ama-crustaceans nama-echinoderms, amagobolondo aqinile ama-mollusks aqhekeka kalula; Babhukuda ngenxa yokunyakaza okufana nokufafazwa komoya wamaphini we-pectoral nokugoba komsila okwenzeka kamuva. Ubude kusuka ku-60 cm kuye ku-1.5-2 m.

Oviparous. Abesilisa banepterigopodia. Ukuzala welula. Ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi ibekela iqanda elilodwa noma amabili kuphela amakhulu, ngalinye lifakwe kwikholifomu yophondo oluneqanda (kuze kufike ku-12-20 cm ubude) ngohlaka lwefilidi olufakwe ekugcineni. Amaqanda awela edwaleni noma ugobe ku-algae. Intuthuko kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-12. Ezinhlangothini zekhanda le-umbungu elisakhula, ifomu lesikhumba eliphuma ngaphandle kwesikhumba - "amageyimu" wangaphandle, mhlawumbe alekelela ukumuncwa kwe-yolk futhi, mhlawumbe, ukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo. Ngaphambi kokubekwa, la "gill" ayanyamalala, kanti i-chimera encane eshiya igobolondo ihlukile kubantu abadala ngosayizi kuphela

Ukubonakala kwezinhlanzi ze-chimera

Ubude bomzimba bomuntu omdala bufika kumamitha ayi-1.5. Isikhumba salezi zinhlanzi sibushelelezi, sinemibala egqamile. Emadodeni, phakathi kwamehlo ekhanda kukhona ukukhula kwamathambo (i-spike), okunomumo owugobile.

Umsila walezi zinhlanzi mude kakhulu, ufinyelela osayizi abalingana nengxenye yobude bomzimba wonke. Ukuvela kwalaba abamele umndeni womndeni we-chimeric kungabizwa ngokuthi ngamaphiko amakhulu amise okomphiko. Ukuwasakaza, i-chimera iba yinto efana nenyoni.

Izinhlanzi zeChimera zibukeka kakhulu njengesidalwa esinganekwane kunokuba umuntu ohlala olwandle olujulile

Imibala yalezi zinhlanzi ihluke kakhulu, kepha imibala esezingeni eliphakeme ilimpunga futhi imnyama ngombala omhlophe ovame futhi omhlophe ebusweni bonke. Ngaphambili komzimba, eduze kwe-dorsal fin, i-chimera inokuphuma okunobuthi, ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ibukhali. Isilwane sabo sisebenzisela ukuzivikela.

Konke okuthakazelisa kakhulu ngama-chimera

Lapho kukhulunywa ngegama elithi chimera, lokhu akusho ukuthi kunohlobo olulodwa kuphela. Uhlobo lwe-Chimus Chimera (lat. Chimaera) luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-6, zazo ezidume kakhulu yi-European chimera (lat. Chimaera monstrosa) evela empumalanga ye-Atlantic. Kukhona i-Cuban chimera (Chimaera cubana), eyaqale yenziwa iphutha ngeyase-Europe, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yahlukaniswa yodwa esizimele. Ihlala ogwini lweCuba ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-400-500. Ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lweChimera Chimera zaziwa kusuka emanzini asempumalanga yePacific Ocean (iziqhingi zasePhilippine, uLwandle oluLuhlaza kanye neziqhingi zaseJapan).

Indawo yama-chimera ohlelweni lwezinhlanzi

Uhlobo lwe-Chimera Chimera, olumelwa yi-chimera yaseYurophu, luyingxenye yomndeni wakwaChimeeridae, lapho kunolunye uhlobo lwezinhlobo oluhluke kuhlobo lwe Chimera ngesimo se-caudal fin.

Zonke izinhlanzi emndenini wakwaChimera zinokushaywa umoya. Lokhu ngumehluko obalulekile ovela kweminye imindeni ye-Chimeriformes yama-oda (iChimaeriformes), phakathi kwawo kukhona i-Fam. Kuvaliwe ama-chimera ane-snout ende kakhulu, futhi akhombe ekugcineni. Futhi umndeni wesithathu yi-proboscis chimera (callorinchidae). Zihlukile emaphethelweni bese ziqubuda futhi emuva kwesiphetho se-snout.

Ngezansi, esithombeni, izinhlanzi ze-chimera zikhonjiswa kwizibalo, futhi singabheka umehluko ekwakhekeni kwesidlakela phakathi kwabamele umndeni ngamunye, okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla.

Abamele ukukhishwa kwe-chimera-efana: 1 - lokhu. I-Chimeric, 2 - lokhu. I-proboscis (callorinchidae) nalokhu. Amakamela amile.

Njengoba sekushiwo ekuqaleni kwendatshana, izinhlanzi ze-chimera zine-cartilaginous futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zingezesigaba se- "Cartilaginous fish", esinezitebele ezimbili. Njengoba zinokufana kakhulu ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi nangaphandle ngepuleti gill (oshaka nama-stingrays), ama-chimera ahluka kubo ngoba umhlathi wawo ongaphezulu uhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nogebhezi. Ngakho-ke, babelwa i-subclass Whole-ekhanda noma i-Mouth-cranial.

Ukubonakala kwe-chimeric

Yonke imise okwenziwe nge-chimera inesimo somzimba esibonakalayo: i-valky, icindezelwa kancane kamuva futhi incipha kakhulu ibheke emsileni. Esithombeni, izinhlanzi ze-sea hare (i-European chimera), lokhu kubonakala kahle.

Ezinye izici zokubonakala kwabamele i-chimera-efana:

• Amaphini amabili ngemuva, okokuqala mude futhi kufushane, kunespikili esinamandla ngaphambili, okuthi, kanye naso, uma kunesidingo, kungene endaweni ekhethekile ngemuva. Eyesibili yinde futhi ingakwazi ukwelukela kwesisekelo se-caudal fin futhi ayifaki.
• I-caudal fin imvamisa inesimo sentambo ende.
• Amaphiko we-pectoral athuthukiswe kahle futhi ngamunye wawo ufana ne-fan in shape.
• Amaphiko we-ventral mncane kunamaphinifa we-pectoral futhi atholakala eduze kwe-anus, aphonswa emuva.
• Esisekelweni, wonke amaphiko afakwe ngophawu afakwe ngama-lobes anamafutha, athambile futhi avumelana nezimo.
• Umlomo ongaphansi ongaphansi (ophansi) we-chimera unophawu oluphambili olunezinhlaka ezintathu.
• Ukuvuleka kwe-gill etholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda kumbozwe yisikhumba esisekelwa i-cartilage enomunwe.
• Umzimba onqunu, ongenasikali se-placoid, umbozwe inqwaba yemisipha.

Ama-chimera aseYurophu - ubuhle noma izilo?

I-chimera yaseYurophu igama lesiLatin elithi Chimaera monstrosa, elibangela ukuzihlanganisa nohlobo oluthile lwesilo. Le nhlanzi inamagama amaningi, elinye lamagama izinhlanzi ze-chimera ezigqoka zona yi-hare. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yamaphinifa amakhulu acwebile amancane we-pectoral namehlo amakhulu. Ubizwa nangokuthi inhlanzi yomvundla wolwandle, ngokusobala ngezizathu ezifanayo.

Futhi phakathi kwamaNorwegians, i-chimera yinhlanzi yasebukhosini. Ngakho-ke ibizwa ngenxa yokukhula okuncane kwamathambo egobile emuva, okukhona phakathi kwabesilisa phakathi kwamehlo.

Ubude bomzimba we-chimera yaseYurophu bungafinyelela kumitha eyodwa noma eyodwa nesigamu, futhi umsila wawo mude kakhulu futhi mncane, ngakho-ke elinye igama linanyathiselwe kulo - i-rat yolwandle.

Iyiphi umbala we-chimera?

Esikhunjeni esingenalutho se-chimera yaseYurophu, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala imithambo eyinqaba. Kodwa-ke, isikhumba sibukeka sibushelelezi futhi sithambile futhi sinombala ojwayelekile:

• ingemuva ngombala omnyama onsundu kanye negolide lihlanganiswe nsundu nomhlophe, umucu onsundu omnyama weluka emuva ngemuva,
• uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lomzimba lukhanya,
• ngemuva kwe-dorsal fin ende, naku-caudal naku-anal, ukuhleleka kombala onsundu kuyabonakala.

Imibala yombala ye-chimera igcwaliswa ngombala oluhlaza okotshani ngokumelene nesizinda se-iris emhlophe yamehlo akhe amakhulu.

I-European chimera, isithombe ngu-Roman Fedortsov, Murmansk, @rfedortsov_official_account

Ukusakazeka, indlela yokuphila nokunyakaza

Izinhlanzi ze-chimera zaseYurophu azitholakali emanzini ashisayo. Indawo yalo iyingxenye engasempumalanga yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic:

• Emanzini asenyakatho - ukusuka eStrait of Gibraltar (amanzi asogwini aseMorocco) kuya esiqhingini sase-Iceland kanye nePeninsula yaseScandinavia nokushona kwelanga oLwandle iBarents.
• Amanzi aseningizimu - eduze nogu oluseningizimu ye-Afrika (lolu lwazi ludinga isiqinisekiso).

Inhlanzi ye-hare hare isebenzisa isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwayo ngaphansi, ngakho-ke i-ichthyologists ithi yona inhlanzi ye-bathydimers (eduze nolwandle olujulile). Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukujula lapho ungahlangana nakho kusuka kumamitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-1400. Kepha imvamisa lolu hlobo luhlala ekujuleni okungajulile: amamitha angamakhulu amabili kuya kwamakhulu amahlanu (engxenyeni esenyakatho ebangeni) namamitha angamakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu kuya kumakhulu ayisikhombisa (emanzini asogwini lwaseMoriya). Ubusika bufika emanzini asogwini, lapho ngasogwini lwaseNorway (lapho ukujula kusuka kumamitha angama-90 kuya kwangama-180) inani elithile labantu lingabanjwa yizibambiso.

Lezi zinhlanzi zinethenda impela, musa ukumelana nhlobo lapho zibanjiwe. Ukukhishwa emanzini, bafa ngokushesha okukhulu. Njengoba zibekwe endaweni esebenza emanzini, asinda ngokulambisa.

Indlela yokunyakaza

I-Chimera noma inhlanzi, unogwaja wasolwandle akuyona ukubhukuda okusheshayo futhi okusheshayo, futhi akadingi. Bona ukuthi uhambisa kahle kanjani ubonga emgobeni womzimba womzimba kanye nomsila kanye nokushintshwa kwamagagasi amakhulu wamaphayi amakhulu, okusikhumbuza amaphiko.Amaphiko we-ventral nawo ayabandakanyeka ekuqinisekiseni ukubhukuda kwezinhlanzi, ezitholakala ngokulingene, zisebenza njengabazinza bokunyakaza.

Itholakala ezansi, ama-chimera angakwazi "ukuma" emhlabathini, ancike cishe kuwo wonke amaphiko awo: kuyilapho amaphiko we-pectoral ne-ventral enza umsebenzi wamalungu amane, kanti nomsila usebenza njengokuxhaswa okwengeziwe.

Indaba yokudla okunempilo

Le ngxenye yendatshana inikelwe imibuzo emibili:

• udlani unogwaja wasolwandle
• Kungenzeka yini ukudla izinhlanzi ze-chimera, okungukuthi unogwaja wasolwandle?

Ukudla kwama-chimera ikakhulukazi kuvezwa ama-invertebrates angaphansi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans (ikakhulukazi amakhreyithi), ama-echinoderms (ama-urchins olwandle, ama-ophiurs). Izinhlanzi ezincane ngezikhathi ezithile zazithola izisu zazo. Lapho uhlola okuqukethwe yigayidi yokugaya yama-chimera, kwatholakala ukuthi ayikugwinyi konke ukudla, kepha ilume izingcezwana ezincane kusukela ezidalweni noma ikuqhekeze ngamapuleti ezinyo ezinamandla.

Ingabe abantu badla ama-chimera?

Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi udle i-fish chimera. Akunampendulo eqondile kulo mbuzo. AmaChimeraid adotshwa ogwini lwePacific lwaseMelika; abanjwe eChile naseArgentina, kanye nasemanzini aseNew Zealand nase China. Kakhulu amavolumu aphezulu okukhiqiza eNew Zealand, lapho abamba khona abamele abomndeni wakwaKallorinhov (ama-proboscis chimera).

Inyama ye-calorinha entsha kuphela, enokwetheneka okuhle kakhulu, efanelekayo ukudla. Kodwa-ke, uma ilala ngisho nokuncane, iqala ukukhipha iphunga elingajabulisi le-ammonia. Kwabesifazane basendlini, inhlanzi ye-chimera ye-cartilaginous, engenasikali namathambo alukhuni, kulula kakhulu ukuyilungiselela.

Amafutha akhishwa esibindini sama-chimera, osekuyisikhathi eside esaziwa njenge-ejenti yokupholisa amanxeba enhle kakhulu.

Ukuthambekela kwamanje kokukhiqiza ukukhiqizwa kwe-chimera yaseYurophu ngokuhamba olwandle okujulile ukuze kukhiqizwe izidakamizwa emafutheni esibindi sale nhlanzi kuholele ekutheni le nhlobo ibhalwe ku-IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Natural) Red Book. Izinhlanzi ze-Chimera hare zinesimo sokulondolozwa njengezinhlobo eziseduzane nasengozini.

Ukuziphatha kwemvelo

Lezi zinhlanzi zingabahlali bamanzi ajulile. Zitholakala ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-2,5. Baphila impilo yobumfihlo. Kungakho ososayensi bengasakwazi ukuphenya ngokuningiliziwe lezi zidalwa.

Kuyaziwa nje ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zizingela ebumnyameni, ziye kuthinta. Ukuheha inyamazane, kusetshenziswa amadivayisi akhethekile wempahla yomlomo - ama-photophores. Lawa "madivaysi" akhipha ukukhanya, futhi isisulu uqobo sintanta sikhanyise, khona kanye emlonyeni we-chimera.

I-chimera iyingqayizivele kakhulu ngesakhiwo sayo kangangokuba ngeke uqonde masinyane ukuthi ikuphi nokuthi itholakala kuphi

Yini isisekelo sokudla kwezinhlanzi ezijulile zolwandle?

Lezi zinhlanzi ezinama-cartilaginous zidla ikakhulu ama-mollusks, echinoderms, kanye nama-crustaceans. Zingadla ezinye izinhlanzi ezihlala ekujuleni okulinganayo ne-chimera ngokwazo njengokudla. Ngokudla i-armored ne-echinoderms enomzimba obukhali emzimbeni, i-chimera inamazinyo abukhali anamandla amahle nokubamba okuqinile.

Ama-chimera azalela kanjani inzalo yawo?

Lezi zinhlanzi ziyizidalwa ezihlwabusayo. Ngemuva kokuncancisa izinsikazi nabesilisa, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda, ezibekwe emgodleni okhethekile okhethekile.

Ama-chimera akavamile ukuntanta ebusweni bamanzi, okuyikhona okuwavikela kuzo zonke izitha

Inqubo yokuzalanisa, njengendlela yokuphila kwalezi zinhlanzi, njengamanje ayifundwa kabi ososayensi.

Kubukeka kanjani nokuthi kuhlala kuphi

Igama langempela lalezi zinhlanzi yi-chimera yaseYurophu. Ungowesigaba se-cartilaginous, i-chimeric-like oda. Imvamisa ezindaweni zokuthengiswa bathi izinhlanzi zasolwandle zasolwandle, okuyinto engalungile impela, ngoba isidalwa esinaleli gama sisimele sigaba esithile. Kepha i-chimera yaseYurophu imele izinhlanzi, kanti unogwaja uwuhlobo lwe-mollusk. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuhlukanisa la magama ama-2, njengoba abathengisi kwesinye isikhathi bedidanisa, bedlulisa abamele omunye esikhundleni, ongaletha ukudideka okuthile. Ukuzwisisa ngqo, kungakuhle ukutadisha isithombe sezilwane ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye.

Izinhlanzi ze-hare hare zasolwandle zisakazwa ngaphezulu kweNyakatho ye-Atlantic kanye nolwandle lwe-Arctic Ocean. Ukudoba ezimbonini kwenziwa ogwini loMbuso waseGreat Britain, i-Iceland, iNorway, iFrance, iPortugal, i-Italiya kanye nogu olusenyakatho ne-Afrika.

Inhlanzi iyatholakala kukholamu yamanzi:

• Ezilwandle ezifudumele zaseningizimu ukusuka ku-350 kuye kuma-700 m.
• Enyakatho - kusuka ku-200 kuye ku-500 m.

Ukubonakala komhubhe wolwandle kuyafana nokwayo yonke i-chimera. Inhlanzi ihlukaniswa yinhloko enkulu eyindilinga. Kubo kunamehlo amakhulu kanye nokuvula umlomo omncane. Yini ebonakalayo kahle esithombeni.

Umzimba uphakeme, uthinta ngokuqinile emsileni. Kancane kancane umsila uphenduka intambo.

I-dorsal fin yokuqala i-spiky enkulu. Ngenkathi i-2 incane ukuphakama futhi igijima emaphethelweni angenhla kuwo wonke umzimba wezinhlanzi. Amaphine we-pectoral we-lateral ezinkulu, ezisethwe kabanzi.

Isikhumba senhlanzi sibushelelezi; kuyaqabukela, kungatholakala izimbotshana ezincane kuso. Umbala wangemuva unsundu omnyama nge-tint ebomvu. Ezinhlangothini kukhona amabala amancane. Futhi isisu sikhanya.

Umuntu omdala ufinyelela isisindo esingama-2,5 kg, kuyilapho ubude bawo bungaba ngu-1.5 m.

Isici esiyingqayizivele somuntu ngamunye ukungabikhona kwesibambo sokubhukuda, njengakushaka, okubuye kube yinhlanzi ezinenhliziyo. Ngalesi sizathu, inhlanzi, ukuze kuhlale kusebenza, kumele ihlale isebenza.

Zuza futhi ulimaze

Lapho kudliwa, umsele wolwandle, njengobuningi bezinto zasolwandle, unezici eziningi eziwusizo kubantu:

• Ungumthombo obalulekile wamaprotheni wokugaya kalula.
• Ama-acid e-Omega-3 aqukethe imiphumela ezuzisayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, imithambo yegazi, isibindi, izicubu zenhliziyo, uhlelo lokuzala, ubuchopho, isikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho.
• IMarine chimera inothile ngamavithamini A, E no-D, esiza ukulwa nokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin.

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo, ukuthathwa kwenyama ye-chimera yaseYurophu kufanele kukhawulelwe uma:

• Abesifazane abakhulelwe futhi ababambayo, njengoba inhlanzi ingezansi futhi inganqwabelana nobuthi.
• Ukuba khona kokungabekezeleleki komuntu ngamunye, kuboniswa ngendlela yokusabela komzimba.
• Ungayidli izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

I-chimera yaseYurophu ihlala eNyakatho ye-Atlantic kanye nolwandle olusondelene nolwandle lwe-Arctic. Sisabalaliselwe ogwini lwaseNorway, i-Iceland, i-Ireland, iGreat Britain, iFrance, i-Italiya, iPortugal, iMorocco, ama-Azores kanye neMadeira, oLwandle iMedithera. Imininingwane yokuba khona kwale zinhlobo emanzini aseNingizimu Afrika idinga ukuqinisekiswa. Le nhlanzi yasolwandle i-bathidemersal Oceanodromic itholakala ekujuleni kuka-40 kuye ku-1400 m. Enyakatho, imvamisa ihlala ekujuleni okungama-200-500 m, kanti eningizimu - 350-700 m. Ebusika, isondela ogwini, ngaleso sikhathi lapho i-chimera yaseYurophu ifika khona lapho ifrords yaseNorway ngokujula kuka-90-180 m.

Ungapheka kanjani kuhhavini

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukulungiselela i-chimera yaseYurophu, udinga ukucabanga:

• Amehlo kufanele abe sobala, kanye nama-gill slits ngaphakathi abomvu. Lokhu kuwubufakazi bokusha komalume.
• Lapho usika, ungalimazi amaphiko. Uma lokhu kuvunyelwe, khona-ke inyama izakuba munyu.
• Inyama inzima impela, kepha ine-juiciness. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka wazi ukuthi ungayipheka kanjani.

Ungasebenzisa iresiphi yokuqala yezinhlanzi.

Ukubukeka

Ikhanda likhulu nge-snout eyindilinga. Amehlo makhulu. Umlomo ungaphansi, mncane, uyadlula. Kunama-4 emhlathini ongenhla, namapuleti amabili amazinyo abunjiwe abukeka emhlophe emhlathini ongezansi. Umzimba uphakeme, mncane kakhulu ngemuva. Umsila omncane, o-sphenoid uphela ngentambo ende. Amaphiko we-pectoral makhulu kakhulu. I-dorsal fin yokuqala mude futhi imfushane, inomgogodla omude oqinile emugqeni ongaphandle, kanye nelesibili le-dorsal fin ngesimo somphetho ophansi, okufika ekuqaleni kwenhlawulo ye-caudal. Ukuhlaziywa okuncane. Ekhanda kukhona nohlelo lweziteshi ezibucayi. Isikhumba asinalutho futhi sithambile, kwesinye isikhathi simbozwa ngemithambo eyindilinga. Ingaphezulu le-dorsal limdaka omnyama nge-tint ebomvu, izinhlangothi zihlanganisiwe, uhlangothi lwe-ventral lukhanya. Izingxenye ze-caudal, anal nezangemuva zamaphini wesibili e-dorsal zine-frishing brownish brown. Ubude bama-chimera abantu abadala bufika ku-1.5 m, futhi isisindo esirekhodiwe esiphezulu singama-2,5 kg.

Abesilisa banokuphuma okuncane komzimba phakathi kwamehlo phakathi kwamehlo. Isikhumba sibushelelezi futhi sishiya ngemibala ehlukahlukene.

Ibhayoloji

Iqanda amaqanda afakwe kwikholamu yophondo. Ukuzala unyaka wonke. Kufika amaqanda angama-200 kuma-ovari ezinsikazi. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amabili amahlandla amaningi ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa okuphindaphindiwe. Ngaphambi kokulala, insikazi ifaka amaqanda anamathele kokukhishwa kwama-oviducts. Ngemuva kwalokho ubabeka ezansi ekujuleni okukhulu, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike kumamitha ayi-400. Ububanzi be-yolk buyi-26 mm. I-capsule inophondo olujwayezwe umdwebo olufika ku-4 mm ukuphakama. Isiphelo esingezansi se-capsule singama-cylindrical ngesimo, ingaphezulu linokubonakala kwesihlakala sendawo yefilimu, ekhonza ukunamathisela iqanda. I-capsule iyi-163-77 mm ubude futhi icishe ibe ngu-25 mm ububanzi. Ukuthamba kungama-30-40 mm ubude. Umbala omnyama onsundu kuya ku-capsule eluhlaza yeminqumo. Amaqanda akhula cishe unyaka. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zakhiwe ngokuphelele. Abancane bahlangabezana kakhulu. Izimo zokubanjwa ziyaziwa eziqhamuka eziqhingini zeFarae ekujuleni kwe-1000 m kanye nase-Ireland ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-600. Abancane abancane bangama-11 cm. Abesilisa ngokuvamile baba mancane kunabesifazane.

I-European chimera - benthophagus. Ukudla kwakhe kubandakanya ikakhulukazi ama-invertebrates: ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izibungu nama-echinoderms. Kwesinye isikhathi inhlanzi iza ngaphesheya kwesisu.

Ukusebenzisana kwabantu

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izinhlanzi zazingenayo inzuzo yokuhweba: inyama ibhekwa njengengasebenzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi amafutha akhishwa esibindini sawo ayesetshenziswa kwezokwelapha noma njenge-lubricant. Amaqanda athathwa njengomuthi. ENorway, ama-chimera ayabizwa ngokuthi ama-ejenti okwelapha. Inyama inzima, kepha kwamanye amazwe iyadliwa.

Ngokusho koMkhandlu Wezwe Wokuhlola Olwandle, yize lolu hlobo lungeyona uhlobo lwezentengiso, kuye kwaba nezimo zokubanjwa okuqondiwe. Imvamisa, abantu abangashadile bawa ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwemithi, kepha ama-chimera amaningi abanjwa entwasahlobo enyakatho nentshonalanga yeNorway. Ukubanjwa komhlaba akubalulekile (ngamathani): 1992 - 106, 1994 - 60, 1995 - 106, 1996 - 21, 1997 - 15, 1998 - 32, 1999 - 12, 2000 - 15. Ukubanjwa ngokubamba okungaphansi emgodini ongaphansi lapho udoba ezinye izinhlanzi. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature inikeze izinhlobo zezilwane ukuthi “Zisondele Emngcwabeni”.