Ikati le-Oncilla * Izilwane zasendle

Send

Ikati le-oncilla yasendle ekude lilingana kakhulu nephethini yoboya kanye nomusa wokuphamba kwejaguar encane. Kuyivelakancane ukuhlangana naye ngokwemvelo ngenxa yendlela yokuzifihla. Ngakho-ke, impilo yekati lekati ayiqondakali, ifundwe ngokungapheleli, kepha iyathakazelisa njengombala wayo ongaqondakali obonakalayo.

Izici ze-Oncilla nendawo yokuhlala

Kokunye okwenziwe esifundeni esine-neotropical, i-oncilla sincane kakhulu ngosayizi, siphansi ngisho nekati le-ocelot nekati elide. Kulokhu, ibizwa ngokuthi ikhophi encishisiwe yabazingeli abakhulu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya, ikati elincanyana elinamabala amakhulu likhulu: likala isilinganiso samakhilogremu amathathu nobude bomzimba okufika ku-65 cm. Umsila we-oncilla ungobukhulu obuphakathi, kuze kufike ku-35 cm

Amehlo amakati ahlosiwe kakhulu, anombala ophuzi, omkhulu, atholakala emzungwaneni ophakeme onamadevu amade. Izindlebe ziqondile, zinqenqemeni, ngaphakathi zinodwayi oluhlophe, kanti ohlangothini lwasemuva lubemnyama impela.

Imilenze yangemuva lekati yinde kunangaphambili. Lokhu akulimazi umusa wakhe. Umzimba onemisipha on ijazi elihle ubelokhu uyisiheji sabazingeli. Umbala wekati le-Oncilla engaqondakali futhi ekhangayo. Ezidladleni, izigqoko ezibukhali, ezibusayo ziyisikhali esiyinhloko sejaguar encane.

Uboya obufushane obuthambile buhlanganisa ikati futhi, ngenxa yamabala amnyama amise okwendandatho ngemuva kwempunga ebomvu, kuyenza ibukeke njengejaguar nengwe. Izindandatho ezitolo ezingama-desks azikhuli.

Isisu nesifuba zilula ngombala kunezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ngokwesisekelo se-buffy, amabala amade atholakala eduze komgogodla. Umsila onemigqa emnyama eshintshashintshayo. Wonke umuntu wesihlanu kubantu abamnyama.

Njengamakati amaningi, ama-Oscillas angawodwa ahamba ngezawo.

Kunjalo amakati we-oncilla bangamalungu eqembu okuthiwa yi-melancts. Ubuntu babo bubonakala kuphela emthunzini woboya, uma kungenjalo banezici ezijwayelekile zokuzala.

Yonke imixhaso, kukhona ezine kuyo, ihluke kuphela ezimeni nasebangeni lejazi. Umbala omuhle wawungunobangela wokuqothulwa kwezixuku kwezilwane eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Yize njengamanje ukuzingela ama-oncillas kungavunyelwe, ama-jaguars amancane aya eba mancane ngenxa yokuzingela nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.

Indawo yekati elinamabala ibunjiwe. Kuhlala u-Oncilla emahlathini asezintabeni aseNingizimu Melika, ePanama, eColombia, ezifundeni zaseBrazil. Imvelo yaso ejwayelekile ingamaphaza amanzi we-eucalyptus, savannas, izindawo ezishiywe zimbozwe izihlahlana. Kwenzeka endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2-3. Izindawo ezidayisayo, izindawo ezinabantu abaningi eziheha amakati.

Umbala omuhle wekati uyisizathu sokuqothulwa kwawo ngobuningi

Umqondo wekati elinezitho ezazitholakala wawutholakala ikakhulu ekubhekweni kwe-oncil ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane nemvelo. Ezimpondweni zasendle, ukubona ikati phakathi nosuku kungukutholakala. Umsebenzi wezilwane wenzeka kuphela ngokufika kokuhlwa kakhulu.

Uhlamvu lwe-Oncilla nendlela yokuphila

Impilo yekati ivuka ngamandla avuselelwe ebumnyameni. Ikati lihlala liphapheme kuphela ehlathini elisabekayo le-semi-gloomy ehlathini. I-Oncilla - umzingeli omuhle wobusuku. Amandla akhe okugibela izihlahla, ababephumula kuzo futhi bafuna inyamazane, kuyamangaza.

Isimo esingesabi somuntu olwa ngesibindi sibonisa ukulwa nokulwa nesitha esikhulu kune-oncilla. Ukudideka, ukuba negazi nengcindezi kukuvumela ukuthi ucindezele abaphikisi be-feline, ulungise ukuphindisela okungenampilo.

I-Oncilli ukubhukuda kahle, kepha yingozi kuphela engenza bangene emanzini. Emhlabathini, umuntu ngamunye unendawo yakhe ebhalwe phansi, enobukhulu obufika ku-2,5 km 2 kwabesifazane, aze afike ku-17 km 2 kumakati. Lezi yizindawo ezinkulu kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nosayizi wezilwane ngokwazo.

Ngokwemvelo, i-jaguar encane iphila impilo yodwa. Kunzima kakhulu ukufunda lolu hlobo lekati ku-vivo. I-Oncilla ibonakala incibilika phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla, umbala oshukumisiwe uwucasanisa phakathi kwamahlamvu. Ikati ilele esihlahleni kunzima ukuyibona, kepha kulula kuye ukuthi ibheke ibambe inyamazane igxume ngokungazelele, ingashiyi thuba lokusindiswa.

Isilo esilambile sinolaka kakhulu futhi siyingozi. Ukugoba okubukhali kugaya umphimbo wesisulu. Ukubukeka okuhle kwekati elihle kuyakhohlisa, kufihla inyamazane engokoqobo ngokwemvelo. Amehlo abukhali, ukuzwa okuhle kunomthelela ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo.

I-Oncilla Nutrition

Ukudla okujwayelekile kuqukethe izinduku ezincane, amasele esihlahla, izinyoka, izibankwa. Kukholelwa ukuthi izidalwa ezingena-non-zinobuthi kuphela eziheha ama-oncillas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakati abonakalayo antshontsha amaqanda ezidlekeni futhi abambe izinyoni. Ngaphambi kokudla ezinkukhu, isidumbu sihlanza izimpaphe.

Emanzini angajulile ama-oncils ezilwane ukubamba izinhlanzi ngenxa yobuchopho bazo bemvelo, amandla okugxuma nesivinini. Ngamaqhinga anobuhlakani kanye nokuzivocavoca, ngisho nezinduna, eziba izisulu zala makati amangalisayo, azikwazi ukuncintisana nawo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yemfihlo kakhulu, ulwazi mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwama-oncils kuthathwa ekubonweni kwabo ekudingisweni. Isikhathi sokuzalela amakati sidlula ngobudlova: ngokulwa, ngezikhalo, ngemibukiso enomsindo.

Ukukhulelwa kwamakati kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-74-78. IKittens imvamisa ivela esikhathini kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Agasti. Ngokuvamile kuba nengalo eyodwa kulelitha, yize kukhona izinhlobo ezingama-2-3 zokuzalwa. Izithombo ziyazalwa zingenakusizwa: ama-kittens angaboni, anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-100. Amehlo ayovula kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, futhi amazinyo aqhume ngasikhathi sinye emva kwezinsuku ezingama-21.

I-lactation ihlala izinyanga ezi-3, khona-ke izingane zihamba ngokudla okuqinile, ziqale impilo ezimele. Lapho bebudala beminyaka eyi-1-1,3, abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi, futhi abesilisa bangena ebudaleni ngeminyaka emi-2.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, impilo encane yamakati ka-limited ibekelwe iminyaka eyi-12-13. Ekuthunjweni, ubukhona bezilwane buhlotshaniswa nobungozi bokusinda, ngakho-ke abantu abaphilile bayaphila baye eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengama-22.

Esithombeni yitende

Ama-jaguar amancane awavamisileki futhi aphunywe ngempumelelo, ngoba lesi silwane asinalo ulaka kubantu. Kepha funda incazelo yekati le-oncilla futhi ukumthatha ekhaya kuyisivivinyo esihle.

Abanikazi badinga ukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi ukuvimbela imvelo kanye nesifiso sokuba wedwa, impilo yasebusuku iyalondolozwa. Umsebenzi nekhono lokugxuma lesilwane kuletha usizi nenkathazo eningi. Umhlaseli wehlathi ngeke aphenduke isihlobo esinothando nesasekhaya.

Ezinkulisa, ama-kittens akhuliswa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile. Intengo yekati le-Oncilla iqala ku- $ 2000. I-kitten exotic inconyelwa ukuba ibekwe endaweni evulekile yokugcwala indawo yokuhlala mahhala nokufanele.

Ukubukeka

Igama lekati yasendle lihumusha ngokuthi “i-jaguar encane”, ngoba ngaphezu kwalokho nombala kufana nejaguar encane. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-oncilla yincane kunawo amakati esifundeni seNeotropic, ngosayizi incane kakhulu kunezihlobo zayo, i-ocelot nekati elide elinomsila. I-Oncilla inkulu kakhulu kunekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya, isisindo sowesilisa omkhulu kakhulu singamakhilogremu angama-2,8 ubude bomzimba ongafika ku-65 cm. Umsila we-oncilla umfushane (30- 40 cm), futhi amehlo nezindlebe zakhe zikhulu ngokuqhathaniswa kunabanye abamele uhlobo lohlobo ILeopardus.

Uboya be-oncilla buthambile futhi bufushane. Umbala woboya buffy, unesisu esimhlophe kanye nesifuba nokumaka okukhanyayo emhlolweni. Iphethini engemuva nangezinhlangothi iqukethe imisebe emise okwendandatho, ngokungakhethi ngendlela emnyama etholakala emigqeni emide. Amabala ayaqhubeka, ungakhuhli ube ngama-desks ahlukile. Umsila umbozwe izindawo ezimnyama ezinqamula, ezihlangana zibe ngamasongo ngasekupheleni komsila. Izindlebe ziyindilinga, zimnyama ngaphandle, zinebala elimhlophe phakathi. Imvamisa kunamakati we-melanist, inani labo lifinyelela ku-1/5 yabo bonke abantu.

Ukuhanjiswa kanye Nezinkampani Ezincane

I-Oncilla itholakala isuka eCosta Rica nasenyakatho nePanama iye eningizimu mpumalanga yeBrazil nasenyakatho yeArgentina. Akukho mibiko yemihlangano naye e-Amazon, ngokusobala uhla lwe-oncilla lukhawulelwe emahlathini asezintabeni nasendaweni engaphansi. Indawo yakhona inobuhle obukhulu, futhi ezindaweni eziningi akuvamile.

Ama-subspecies amathathu kuya kwayi-4 e-oncilla ayaziwa, ahlukile ngethoni yombala oyinhloko, ubude bejazi kanye namandla wephethini:

Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus kutholakala empumalanga yeVenezuela, eGuyana nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil,
Leopardus tigrinus guttulus - enkabeni naseningizimu yeBrazil, e-Uruguay, eParaguay, enyakatho ye-Argentina,
I-Leopardus tigrinus pardiniode - entshonalanga yeVenezuela, eColombia nase-Ecuador.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Ama-Oncillas ahlala emahlathini asezindaweni eziphansi, ancamela ama-evergreen omswakama namahlathi enkungu ephakeme aze afike ku-3000 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Bebehlangatshezwa futhi nasehlathini elomile laseVenezuela, emahlathini ase-eucalyptus alahliwe nasezindaweni ezinamahlathi angena ngemvume, kubandakanya hhayi kude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu.

I-Oncilla iyinhlobo engafakwanga ndawo. Ngokusobala, uphila impilo eyedwa, usebenza ebusuku ikakhulukazi, kanti phakathi nosuku uphumula emagatsheni ezihlahla, lapho umbala we-motley ohambisana naye umenza acishe angabonakali. Udla izinduku ezincane, izinyoni, mhlawumbe izinyoka ezinobuthi kanye namaxoxo esihlahla. Kwabikwa ukuthi eBrazil, ama-Oncillians abamba ama-primates amancane.

Isimo Sabantu Nokuvikelwa

Ama-Oncillas asabalele, kepha ayivelakancane. Ngeminyaka yama-1970 nama-80s ngenxa yoboya bazo obuhle babezingelwa futhi bembiwe ngenani lamashumi ezinkulungwane. Ngo-1983 kuphela, izikhumba ze-oncil ezingama-84,000 zahluthwa kubazingeli. Isibalo samanje se-oncillo silinganiselwa kubantu abadala abacishe babe ngu-50 000, kepha lesi sibalo siyancipha kancane kancane ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okwenziwa ikhofi nokuzingela.

Ukuzingela ama-oncils njengamanje akuvunyelwe ngobubanzi obuningi, kepha awasavikelwa e-Ecuador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama nasePeru. Ngo-1989, i-CITES (i-International Convention on Trade in Wild Animal and Plants) yathula i-oncilla eSithasiselo I.

Ekuthunjweni, i-oncilla ithambekele kahle, kepha kuyaqabukela ezilwaneni zaseYurophu.

Umlando wokutholwa kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo ezikhona ze-Oncilla

I-Ontsilla (Leopardus tigrinus) njengohlobo lwekati yatholakala kudala; uJohann Christian von Schreber wayichaza okokuqala ngo-1775.

Namuhla, okukhona okulandelayo okuvunyelwe ngokwesayensi kwe-Oncilla (ungachofoza ezithombeni ukuze uzikhulise):

ILeopardus tigrinus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) ihlala empumalanga yeVenezuela, Guyana, Suriname, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil. Mhlawumbe eFrench Guiana.

ILeopardus tigrinus oncilla (uThomas, 1903) itholakala emahlathini emvula aseCosta Rica nasenyakatho nePanama.

ILeopardus tigrinus pardinoides (Grey, 1867) yatholakala entshonalanga yeVenezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, nePeru.

Hlukanisa ezinhlotsheni ezintsha

Usosayensi uJohnson ngonyaka we-1999 uthole ukwehluka okuqine, kufaka phakathi ukubukeka, phakathi kukaLeopardus tigrinus oncilla, ohlala eCosta Rica nasenyakatho nePanama neLeopardus tigrinus guttulus ovela enkabeni naseningizimu yeBrazil. Ziqhathaniswa nomehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-neotropical. Ngemuva kwalokho abacwaningi banqume ukuthi i-Oncilla kufanele ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili. Ukungafani phakathi kwe-Oncillas kusikisela ukuthi le miphilo emibili yayihlukanisiwe, mhlawumbe eceleni komfula i-Amazon, iminyaka ecishe ibe yizigidi ezi-3.7. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvela ukuthi uLeopardus guttulus (yilokho abizwa manje, asuswe igama elithi tigrinus) akahambisani nesibalo sabantu baseLeopardus tigrinus tigrinus enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil.

Leopardus guttulus

Izinhlobo ezihlukile zeLeopardus guttulus (njengezindawo ezichazwe nguHensel ngonyaka ka-1872) zaqashelwa ngonyaka we-2013 kuphela. Manje lokhu akuyona indawo ese-Oncilla, kepha ikati eliseningizimu noma ihlosi laseningizimu. Yindawo ehlala emahlathini ase-Atlantic enkabeni naseningizimu yeBrazil (ama-mangrove namathropiki asogwini loLwandlekazi i-Atlantic), e-Uruguay, eParaguay, enyakatho ye-Argentina.

Kutholakale ukufana phakathi kwe-Oncilla nekati lePampas, okuhlonzwa ngokuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kwamasampula we-zoological kusuka enkabeni yeBrazil.

Ikati lepampas

Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sofuzo amasampula angama-250 ezikhumba nezikhwehlela kukhombisa ukuthi kunamaqembu amathathu ahlukene e-Oncil - elinye lisenyakatho, nentshonalanga kanye nasentshonalanga yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, elinye elingasempumalanga futhi okwesithathu liseningizimu. Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, iqembu elisempumalanga lihlongozwayo njengohlobo oluzimele lweLeopardus emiliae, kwenzeka kamuva nje, ngonyaka we-2017.

UMnu Cat uyancoma: izici, ububanzi

I-Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) yaziwa nangokuthi yi-Northern Tiger, iLittle Spotted Cat, iTigrillo, iTigrina futhi ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala eMelika Ephakathi kuya empumalanga mpumalanga yeBrazil.

Lesi silwane sifakiwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo zesimo "esisengcupheni" kwi-International Red Book, njengoba inani labantu lisengozini ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuguqulwa kwendawo yokuhlala yindawo yezolimo.

I-Ontsilla ifana nokubonakala kweMargay ne-Ocelot, kepha incane ngosayizi, inomzimba omile kanye nesiqobelo esincane.

Umuntu omdala ukhula aze afike ku-38-59 cm ubude, futhi kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-42 cm awela emsileni. Noma lokhu kukhulu kancane kunekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya, uLeopardus tigrinus, njengomthetho, unesisindo esingaphansi - ukusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3 kg.

Ubovu bezilwane ezidla izindwani bukhulu futhi buthambile, kusuka onsundu onsundu ngombala omnyama ngombala, onama-rosette amnyama amaningi emuva nasemaceleni. I-peritoneum, isifuba, uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwama-paws luphaphathekile, lunamamaki amnyama, nomsila onamamaki ama-annular.

Ngemuva kwezindlebe kumnyama ngamabala amhlophe aqinile. Amasokisi amalahle noma ansundu, avulekile enkabeni futhi angajwayelekile ngesimo. Amaphethelo anezimpawu eziphakathi nendawo, ezithinta kumamaki amancane eduze kwamaphaseji we-paw. Lo mbala usiza i-Oncilla ihlangane nokukhanya kwelanga okuchachambile komhlaba ongaphansi kwehlathi lemvula.

Umhlathi wekati uyancishiswa, unamazinyo ambalwa, kepha ngezindlu ezakhiwe kahle nezimpande ezikhule kahle.

Kwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu Melika ezinamahlathi aminyene, kwatholakala i-Oncillus melanists (isb. Amakati anombala omnyama noma omnyama kakhulu). Ubusazi yini ukuthi i-panther emnyama empeleni ingamabala noma izingwe kuncibilika? Mayelana nalokhu, nokuthi ngubani amaPanthers jikelele, funda engosini yethu ye-portal Mr. Cat.

ITigrina isakazeka isuka eCosta Rica nasePanama iye e-Amazon naseBrazil. Iningi lokuqoshwa kusuka kumakhamera we-CCTV latholakala emahlathini amafu eCosta Rica, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ne-Andes eziphakeme ukusuka ku-1,500 kuya ku-3,000 m nasezindaweni ezomile zeCerrado naseCatinga enyakatho yeBrazil.

EPanama, i-Oncilla iyatholakala naseDarien naseVolcan Baru National Park.

EColombia, lesi silwane siqoshwe esifundeni sase-Andean, eWestern Cordillera ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ngo-1900 kuya ku-4800 m, kanye naseLos Nevados National Nature Park nasemnyangweni we-Antioquia.

ILeopardus tigrinus ayitholakali kakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile, ngakho-ke ukusatshalaliswa kwayo akubhalwanga kahle. Isilo sitholakala ngokuhlukile emazweni amaningi aseNingizimu Melika anjengeBrazil, i-Argentina, iVenezuela, iGuyana, iSuriname, iFrench Guiana, iColombia, iPeru, iParaguay, i-Ecuador ne-Uruguay.

Ama-Tigrines atholakala emahlathini angaphansi komhlaba futhi akhetha ama-evergreen athambile kanye namahlathi asezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kepha ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, aqoshwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile.

Izici zokuziphatha

I-Oncilla ikakhulukazi isilwane esisemhlabeni, kepha futhi iyisikhweli esinekhono, ihamba kahle emagatsheni amancanyana ezihlahla namatshe.

Izilwane ezidla izimbotshana zivame ukungabi sebusuku, kepha ezindaweni ezinjengeKaatinga, lapho izibankwa zasemini ziwumthombo wazo wokudla oyinhloko, kungenzeka ukuthi zisebenze usuku lonke. Abakwa-Oncils abasebancane, kanye nabantu abadala baziwa ngokwenza imisindo emifushane, egxekayo lapho behlangana nezihlobo.

Imisipha ilungile ukubhukuda, kepha ngezikhathi zezingozi kuphela.

Umuntu ngamunye unendawo yakhe yokuzingela enemingcele ekhonjwe umchamo futhi uklwebekile. Emadodeni afinyelela ku-20, kuthi kwabesifazane afinyelele kumakhilomitha-skwele amathathu.

Isabelo sokudla

Njengawo wonke amalungu omndeni we-feline, lesi silwanyana esidlayo esidinga inyama entsha nsuku zonke ukuze siphile.

U-Oncilla udla izinhlobo eziningi zezinyamazane. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, yilezi:

izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane
izibankwa
izinyoni namaqanda ezidlekeni ezichithekile,
ama-invertebrates
amasele esihlahla (akuvamile).

Ngesinye isikhathi, ikati lizodla utshani ukuze lihlanze isisu futhi lisebenze ukusebenza kohlelo lwesisu.

Ikati elincane elinamabala liphishekela inyamazane yalo ibanga elingaba ihora, likhethe isikhathi esikahle sokuhlasela, futhi, lapho seliseduze, lithembela kulo ekubambeni nasekubulaleni inyamazane yalo, lidabula umsipha wayo wentamo ngemisila yalo ebukhali.

Ukuthomba nokuzala

I-estrus yabesifazane ihlala ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-10, kubantu abadala imijikelezo imfushane.

Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngokuzalwa kukaTigrisi endle. Ngokucatshangwayo, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kudalwa umbhangqwana oqondile futhi ababambisene bodwa. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwe-estrus kowesifazane, owesilisa ushiya intombi yakhe. Owesifazane ulungisa umhume futhi ahlengise inzalo eyedwa.

U-Oncilli ubeletha kuye kathathu noma kathathu (imvamisa kuphela) ngemuva kokukhulelwa, okuthatha izinsuku ezingama-73 kuye kwezingama-77.

Amehlo kittens kuvuleka emva kwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya neshumi nesikhombisa, okuyisikhathi eside ngokungafani isilwane salesi size. Ngokungafani namanye amakati, lapho incisors zivame ukuvela kuqala, amazinyo amawundlu e-Oncilla asikwa kakhulu noma ngaphansi ngasikhathi sinye, eneminyaka engaba yizinsuku ezingama-21.

AmaKittens awaqali ukudla ukudla okuqinile aze abe nezinsuku ezingama-37-57 (isikhathi eside kunekati elifuywayo), kepha alunyulwe ngokuphelele kunina izinyanga ezintathu.

Ama-Oncillas afinyelela ukuvuthwa eneminyaka emibili kuya kwemibili nengxenye. Bahlala ezindaweni abahlala kuzo iminyaka engaba ngu-11, kepha kunobufakazi bokuthi abanye abantu bafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-17.

Ekuthunjweni, amaTigrils akwazi ukuhlala iminyaka engama-20-25.

Njengoba kubonwa amakati ambalwa amabala endle, okuwukuphela kwencwadi ebhalwe ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ngabe yiziphi imibhangqwana esetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa ithunjiwe.

Ukuqashelwa kuqinisekisile ukuthi izintokazi zakhishelwa ngaphandle kwezinsuku eziningana esikhathini sokukhulelwa kwezinsuku ezingama-74 kuye kwangama-78. Imfucumfucu iqukethe izinsana ezingama-1-2, futhi izinsana zivula amehlo ziseminyakeni ecishe ibe amasonto amabili. Cubs zivame ukuzalwa kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Agasti. Ikati elincane elinamabala liba nokuya ocansini ngemuva kweminyaka emibili ubudala.

I-Oncilla ayilungele ukugcinwa endlini noma efulethini. Lesi yisilo esinolaka, esinokusebenziseka kahle emphakathini.

Ungazama ukondla ikati elincanyana le-Tigrilla, kepha uma uqala ukuthomba kusazodingeka ukuthi kudluliselwe ezindizeni, ngoba ukuthambekela kwasendle ngalesi sikhathi kunqoba ukunamathela kubantu.

Ukubiyelwa kwesilwane kufanele kube kukhulu, kungabi ngaphansi kwamamitha skwele angama-90-120. m., ngoba ikati leli lidinga ukusebenza komzimba. Izindlu zangaphakathi kufanele zinikeze uhlaza, zifake iziqu zemithi, amashalofu nezitebhisi zokukhuphuka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuqapha umbuso wokushisa, ngoba ikati lokushisa futhi umane nje ngeke usinde eqandeni. Isizini ebandayo, umgwaqo webusika kufanele ulungiselelwe.

Umsoco kumele uhleleke ngokugcwele - kungaba inyama ebomvu kuphela ngaphandle kwamafutha, izinkukhu, unogwaja, izinkukhu zansuku zonke, izigwaca, amagundane. Omile uxuba isilwane senqaba ukudla.

Ukuhlanza, ukuphathwa ngokumelene namagciwane angaphandle, ukugonywa konyaka kuyadingeka, njengakuzo zonke izilwane ezifuywayo.

EBrazil kunezindawo ezikhethekile zokuzalela amakati amancane ahlukahlukene asendle, lapha izimo zemvelo nokudla kwasendaweni kufaka isandla ekuzaleni, okufana nokwenzeka emvelweni, amaTigrins ahlala lapha.

ENyakatho Melika, kunama-Oncil ambalwa kuma-zoos nasemapaki ezwe lonke, naseYurophu kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane.

Ekudingisweni, ama-Tigrils azala kahle, kepha ama-kittens anesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sokufa ngonyaka wabo wokuqala wokuphila.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

I-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ihlukanise i-Oncilla njengohlobo olusengozini. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulu usongo lokuqothulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokuzingela. Ama-oncillas abulawa ngenxa yezikhumba zazo, ezifunwa kakhulu futhi ezivame ukuthengiswa njengoboya obubalulekile. Imibiko yango-1972 nango-1982 eSouth America yakhombisa ukuthi lesi silo ngesinye sezinhlobo ezine ezivame ukuzinzwa kuzo zonke amakati amancane asendle.

Enye into enesibalo esikhulu sokubulawa kwabantu okuphezulu kwe-Oncil ukwanda kwabantu, ukuhlaliswa kwalezo zindawo okwake kwaba yindawo evulekile yamakati asendle. Amasimelo ekhofi avame ukwakhiwa ngokuqondile ezindaweni zokuhlala zaseTigrin.

Ku-CITES International Convention on Wildlife Trade, ama-Oncillas asesithasiselweni sokuqala esenqabela noma yikuphi ukuhwebelana kwamazwe aphesheya kule cat yasendle noma imikhiqizo evela kwizikhumba zayo. Ukuzingela I-Little Spotted Cat kusavunyelwe e-Ecuador, Guyana, Nicaragua nasePeru.

Ezifundeni eziseningizimu yendawo yemvelo yase-Oncil, kutholakale abantu abahlanzekile bewela ikati uJoffrua (Leopardus geoffroyi), nekati likaPampas (Leopardus pajeros). Ukuhlanzaniswa okunjalo kungaba yinqubo yemvelo, futhi nenqubo yokuphazamisa, njengosongo ezinhlotsheni, akukasungulwa ososayensi.

Incazelo yokubukeka

Igama "Oncilla" ihumusha ngokuthi "i-jaguar encane". Ngaphandle, leli kati libukeka ngempela njenge-jaguar emincane, futhi hhayi ngombala kuphela, kodwa futhi nangokomzimba, kanye nasendleleni ejwayelekile yomzimba.

Uboya besilwane buthambile, kepha kunalokho bufushane, umbala oyinhloko ububomvana. Isisu nesifuba kulula kakhulu kunasemuva nasezinhlangothini. Amabala amnyama amade amila eduze komgogodla, isihloko somsila simbozwe ngemichilo eshintshashintshayo. Izindandatho ezimnyama zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu, hhayi ngokuqhekeka kube yizicucwana, zitholakala ngokungahleliwe kuwo wonke umzimba. Phakathi kwalaba bantu abahlaselayo, abantu abane-melanism bavame ukutholakala, benombala omnyama - isibalo sabo sifinyelela ku-20% wabantu.

Ubungako be-oncilla yasendle mncane impela - mkhulu ngokwedlula ikati elifuywayo, kepha liphansi ngosayizi kune-ocelot nezinye izihlobo zalo ezingazihlali ezindaweni ezishisayo. Isisindo sowesilisa omkhulu cishe singama-2,8-3 kg ngobude bomzimba obungu-65 cm. Izinsikazi zincane - ubunzima bomzimba wazo abudluli ngaphezu kuka-1.5-2,5 kg. Umzimba womhlaseli unamandla impela, kepha lokhu awukuvimbeli ukuthi ungahambisani nomusa. Umsila ungobude obuphakathi (kufika ku-35-40 cm) nobukhulu, bungashukunyiswa. I-Forefeet imfushane kancane kune imilenze yangemuva. Izikhafu ziyaphindeka, zinamandla futhi zibukhali.

Izindlebe ziyindilinga, ziqondile futhi zikhulu kakhulu, azinamakhange. Ingxenye yabo ekhanyayo engaphakathi imbozwe nge-fluff ekhanyayo, kanti engaphandle imbozwe ngoboya obumnyama. Cishe maphakathi nendlebe ngayinye kunocezu oluncane olumhlophe. Kunamamaki wokukhanya ebusweni besilwane emisebeni, izihlathi nasesilevwini. Amehlo e-oncils makhulu futhi ayabonakala, ahlukaniswa kakhulu ingemuva lokuvela lonke lekati. Umbala wazo usukela ku-amber aphuzi futhi onsundu okhanyayo kuya ku-chocolate. Abafundi bancane futhi baqondile.

Habitat

Indawo yokuhlala la amakati ibanzi impela, kepha i-mosaic, ezindaweni eziningi kunabantu abancane kuphela. Indawo yokuhlala abayithandayo yizintaba ezingamahlathi ahlala ezihlala ezintabeni naseNingizimu Melika, eColombia, eBrazil nasePanama. Ngaphezu kwazo, inyamazane encane ingatholakala emahlathini aminyene we-eucalyptus, shrubbery ne-savannah, kanye nasezindaweni ezingenalutho ezishiywe ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ezintabeni, i-oncilla inyukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-2-3 kuya kwezi-2. Ezindaweni zokuhanjiswa, kuhlukaniswa imininingwane ethile yekati yasendle:

ILeopardus tigrinus tigrinus, engatholakala empumalanga yeVenezuela, eGuyana nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil,
ILeopardus tigrinus guttulus, etholakala enkabeni naseningizimu yeBrazil, e-Uruguay naseParaguay, kanye nasenyakatho ye-Argentina,
ILeopardus tigrinus pardiniode, ehlala eColombia, i-Ecuador kanye nentshonalanga yeVenezuela.

Ama-Subspecies ahluka kancane komunye nomunye - anemibala yekhati ehlukile nobude. Zonke zazo azivamile. Ukuzingela akuvunyelwe kuningi lobubanzi, ngaphandle kwe-Ecuador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama nePeru.

Inani labantu balezi zinhlobo liqikelelwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-50, kepha liyehla kancane kancane ngenxa yokuzingela nokubhujiswa kwendawo. Ngokwesihlukaniso samazwe omhlaba, le nhlobo inesimo sokuba sengozini.

Izici zomlingiswa

I-Oncilla ikati yasendle enomlingiswa onesibindi futhi ozimele ngaphezu kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ifuna ukuhlala yodwa futhi kunzima ukuyidambisa (amacala anjalo ngaphandle komthetho). Phakathi kwezihlobo zakhe, uhlukaniswa ngumsebenzi owandayo, amandla e-jumping nokuthanda izindawo eziphakeme.

Izidlakela ezincane azihlaseli umuntu futhi zizame ukuphunyula kuye, kepha zinolaka kwezinye izilwane. Kunezimo lapho ikati elincane lasendle lalwa empini nabaphikisi kakhulu kunalokho alikunqobile. Lokhu kukhombisa isibindi esingaphezu kwesinye sama-oncils - izilwane eziningi ezimweni ezinjalo zithanda ukubaleka, zizivikele kuphela uma kunesidingo ngokuphelele.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-oncilla yasendle ayisoze yaba isilwane esinothando nesimnene. Anganamathela kumuntu othize futhi akhombise ukwethembana nokunakekela maqondana naye, kepha noma kunjalo usazohlala eyisilwane esidla imilo ngemikhuba yakhe nemizwelo.

Ukuzingela nokudla

Njengawo wonke amakati, i-oncilla iyisisulu. Naphezu kosayizi wazo omncane, lezi zilwane zingabazingeli abanobuqili kakhulu futhi abanekhono, abavame ukubulala inyamazane enkulu kunabo. Bancamela ukuzingela ebusuku. Lapho uqaphele isisulu, ikati yasendle ingalinda amahora amaningi ukuqamekela, ibheke isikhathi esifanele sokuhlasela. Lapho isilwane esingabheki sisondela ngokwanele, i-oncilla isheshe imgijime, ibambe imizuzwana embalwa.

Ngokungafani namakati asekhaya, laba abadla izinyamazane abanawo umkhuba wokudlala ngokudla inyamazane bayibulale ngokushaya okukodwa entanyeni noma ekhanda. Izinzipho ezibukhali eziqinile namachashaza aqine ngokungajwayelekile azisiza kulokhu. Ukudla kwe-oncill kufaka phakathi:

amagundane amancane abelana ngendawo yawo nalezi zikati zasendle,
izinyoni lapho umlobi adonsa khona izimpaphe ngaphambi kokudla,
amaqanda asele ezidlekeni
izinyoka ezincane ezinoshevu namaxoxo esihlahla (ngokusho kwemibiko engaqinisekisiwe),
inhlanzi - uma isilwane sihlala eduzane nedamu.

Ngokusho kwabanye abazibonele, eBrazil kwesinye isikhathi ama-oncilli adla izinkawu ezincane. Amakhono abo amahle okukhuphuka avumela amakati angaphandle ukuba abambe futhi abulale ama-primates agile, azenzele ukudla okunempilo. Ekuzingeleni, izinyamazane azisizwa kuphela ngejubane nomusa wazo, kepha futhi nangendlebe ekhuthele kakhulu, kanye nephunga elihle kakhulu elivumela ukuthi ulandelele inyamazane kuhlwa kwehlathi lasebusuku.

Ukuzala kabusha nokunakekela inzalo

Impela lonke ulwazi olumayelana nokuzalelwa kwe-oncilla lwatholwa lapho kubhekwa abathile ababethunjiwe. Izinsikazi zalezi zilwane zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba eneminyaka yobudala bonyaka owodwa, nabesilisa - unyaka owodwa nesigamu. Isikhathi semidlalo yezithandani siba ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi. I-estrus emakati ihlala izinsuku ezi-3-9, ubude bayo buyancipha ngeminyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa banakekela izinsikazi futhi bazilwele. Inqubo yonke ihambisana nokuduma okukhulu nokumemeza.

Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-74 kuye kwezingama-78. Amakhebuli azalwa eyimpumputhe, engenakusizwa futhi emincane kakhulu - isisindo sawo asidluli kumagremu ayi-100. Imvamisa kuba khona kitten eyodwa kuphela kubantwana, kuyaqabukela kube nababili noma abathathu kubo. Amehlo ama-oncils amancane avuleka ngeviki lesibili noma lesithathu lokuphila, futhi namazinyo aqala ukuqhuma eneminyaka engama-20-23.

Ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala, amakhithi ancike ngokuphelele kunina futhi azondla ngobisi lwawo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-12-13 ubudala, ikati liyidlulisela ekudleni kwenyama futhi ifundise ukuzingela - kungalesi sikhathi lapho izingane zakha amazinyo anele. Eminyakeni engu-3.5 yezinyanga, ama kittens aguqula ngokuphelele ukudla okuqinile.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, amawundlu e-oncilla acishe azimele kunina, aqale ukudlala ngokuzimela, azingele futhi abaleke enqamula indawo ebiyelwe. Kepha lokhu kwenzeka kuphela endaweni ephephile ye-zoo - akaziwa ukuthi amawundlu ahlala isikhathi esingakanani nonina emahlathini asendle anolaka. Ngezinyanga eziyi-11, izinyamazane ezincane zifinyelela usayizi womuntu omdala.

Endle, isikhathi sokuphila se-oncilla yiminyaka eyi-12-16. Ekudingisweni, abantu ngabanye basinda baye kuma-20–23. Zikhiqizwa ngentshiseko ezinkulisa ezikhethekile, ukusuka lapho zithengiswa khona kwizilwane zasekhaya noma kubantu abazimele.

Ngakho-ke i-Oncilla isilwane sasendle, ukutholakala kwayo njengesilwane kuzoletha ubunzima obuthile. Akunconywa ukugcina ikati elinjalo efulethini, futhi lapho ulinakekela udinga ukukhumbula ama-nuances alandelayo:

Ukuze isilwane sijabule futhi siphilile, kudingeka sinikeze indawo ebanzi indawo enkulu evulekile. Kufanele iqukathe izihlahla ezinde noma izinto zokufakelwa ozilingisayo, isilo esingazisebenzisa ukuzivocavoca nokuphumula. Kubalulekile ukunakekela ukudala umbuso wokushisa lapho i-oncilla izokwazi ukukhululeka.
Njengoba lezi zilwane zikhuphuka kahle, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azibaleki. Wonke amafasitela asekamelweni lapho akhona kufanele afakwe ngohlaka oluhlala isikhathi eside. Izintambo ezivalekile ziyathandwa.
Ezinye izilwane ezincane, kubandakanya amakati nezinja ezifuywayo, akufanele zingene endaweni yokugcina inyamazane. Angababona kalula njengezisulu, izinsongo, noma abephula umthetho wensimu. Izingane akufanele zivunyelwe ukungena kulesi silo, noma ngabe kungeyona ingozi kumuntu omdala.
Ama-Oncillas azimele kakhulu, anenkani futhi anendlela yokuphila ebusuku, kwesinye isikhathi enza umsindo omningi. Lokhu kufanelekile futhi ukucatshangelwa lapho uthola isilwane esinjalo esiyingqayizivele.
Udinga ukondla ikati yasendle ngenyama entsha - imvamisa inyama yenkomo isetshenziselwa lokhu. Ukusekela ezempilo, amavithamini kanye nezimbiwa ezinamakhompiyutha aqukethe izinto ezahlukahlukene zokulandela umkhondo nezinye izinto ezidingekayo zethulwa ekudleni. Lapho usuthisa lezi zilwane ezidliwayo, ukudla okuphilayo ngohlobo lwamagundane amancane noma izinyoni kusetshenziswa kabanzi - ukuzingela kwazo kuvumela isilo ukuba sizigcine sesimweni esihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga ukuhlela ngezikhathi ezithile izinsuku zokudla, belandela uhlelo.
Izempilo, izifo, kanye nezimpawu zofuzo zalolu hlobo kuhlolwe ngazo kabi. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi umhlaseli oyisithunjwa abe ngaphansi kokuqashwa njalo kukadokotela wezilwane.

Isilwane esinjalo esiyingqayizivele siyakwazi ukuletha izinkinga eziningi kumnikazi waso, futhi ukunakekela kuzo kuzobiza kakhulu, kepha abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ubuhle balesi silwane bufanele. Ukuthenga i-oncilla isinyathelo esibalulekile okudingeka ucabange ngaso, ukala izinzuzo nezingozi. Lokhu akuyona nje uhlobo lwangaphandle lekati, kepha luhlobo lwasendle olungasetyenziswanga.

Izindleko zomuntu ngamunye ngamunye zincike ezicini ezifana nobulili, iminyaka, ubukhulu kanye nobuhle bombala, kanye nekhwalithi yenzalo. Intengo iqala kumadola ayizinkulungwane ezimbili zaseMelika, okungaba ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-135. Ukuthenga lezi zilwane ezihlukile kungcono kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izingane. Lapho, amakati asendle akhuliswa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile. AmaKittens abhekana nokukhethwa okunzima, ukuzivumelanisa nomuntu, ukuthola ukunakekelwa okufanele nokugoma. Kunikezwa ipasipoti namanye amadokhumenti ngesilwane ngasinye. Izisebenzi zomamukeli zivame ukuhlinzeka ngezeluleko nezinye izinsizakalo ezihlobene nokuguqulwa kwesilwane endaweni entsha.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

I-Oncilla ingummeleli ongajwayelekile womndeni we-feline. Ikati elincanyana leli lizingela umzingeli endaweni yalo. Ngaphandle kokuthi amakati asendle avame ukuba makhulu, ama-oncilla ayisilwane esincane, kodwa ubukhulu bawo buyinzuzo ngaphezulu kwabancintisana nabo entweni yokudla. Kunama-subspecies amaningana e-oncilla, ahluka kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala yabo.

Njengomthetho, ahlukaniswa ngabathathu, yize okugcina kuvame ukuhlukaniswa kube yizinkampani ezimbili ezingaphansi:

leopardus tigrinus tigrinus,
leopardus tigrinus guttulus,
i-leopardus tigrinus pardinoides.

Futhi, lezi zinhlobo ziyehluka ngombala nangokwakheka kwephethini, yize umehluko ungabalulekile, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oncilli kuvame ukungabazwa. Amakati asendle avela kuma-miatsid - izidalwa ezibukeka njengama-martens amakhulu ahlala ePaleocene. E-Oligocene, lezi zilwane zaba abahlaseli abanohlonze, bahlala esiqongweni sokudla.

Ividiyo: I-Oncilla

Kungaleso sikhathi lapho imindeni emidala eqala ukuhlukana:

amakati amakhulu afana nehlosi, ibhubesi, ingulule, ingwe,
amakati amancane - imanul, ikati lasehlathini, i-oncilla nezinhlobo ezifuywayo,
amakati okubulala amachashazi aqothuka ekugcineni kwe-Pleistocene.

Isimo se-oncilla kumakati amancanyana sinemibandela, ngoba sisikhulu kunabanye abamele amakati amancane, kepha sincane kakhulu kunokwembula kwamakati amakhulu. Isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-oncilla ngalesi sikhathi ingwe (noma i-panther). Ukufana kunemibandela, ngoba i-oncilla ibukeka kuphela njengengwe ngombala, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ngendlela yempilo, ebangelwa ukuzifihla okuhlala njalo.

Indawo

Leopardus tigrinus ikakhulukazi ahlala eNingizimu Melika, futhi inani elincane lalawa amakati lingatholakala eMelika Ephakathi. Bangatholakala bobabili eCosta Rica naseArgentina. Indawo yokuhlala isakazeka kulo lonke elaseBrazil naseGuana (isb. IGuyana, iGuana, iSuriname) nakwezinye izindawo zaseVenezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia neParaguay. Kukhona futhi ukuqagela ukuthi zingatholakala ezindaweni ezithile zaseNicaragua nasePanama.

Habitat

U-Oncilli, owaziwa nangokuthi amakati amancanyana abona amabala namakati amancane, aqoshwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3200 ngaphezu kolwandle. Zithanda indawo ezihlala emahlathini futhi zitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo yamahlathi, kufaka phakathi amahlathi aminyene asendaweni ephakeme aze afike ku-1,500 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukusuka ku-350 kuya ku-1,500 m, ama-oncils angatholakala emahlathini ashisayo noma anomswakama. Ukusuka ku-1,500 m kuya phezulu, le nhlobo ingatholakala emahlathini aswakeme wezintaba noma amahlathi anomswakama afudumele. Imininingwane etholakalayo ikhombisa ukuthi inani labo liyanda emahlathini aqatha futhi asezingeni eliphansi, futhi eBrazil, zanda ngempumelelo ama-savannas kanye nezihlahlana ezinameva. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-oncillas akhuphuka ngobuhlakani izihlahla, lezi ngokuyizilwane eziyizilwane zomhlaba.

Ihlala kuphi i-oncilla?

Photo: Oncilla ngemvelo

Ama-oncillas angamakati angaphansi komhlaba ahlala endaweni eshisayo, eshisayo. Imvamisa zitholakala eCosta Rica, enyakatho yePanama, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil kanye nenyakatho yeArgentina. Ngasikhathi sinye, amakati agwema ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezishisayo: ngokwesibonelo, i-oncilla ayibonakali eduze kwase-Amazon, yize izindawo zayo eziningi zihlangana nale ndawo. Ububanzi bufana ne-mosaic, futhi kwezinye izindawo lincane kakhulu.

Ngokuya ngohlobo, ama-oncil ahlala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

leopardus tigrinus tigrinus - IVenezuela, Guyana, enyakatho-mpumalanga neBrazil,
leopardus tigrinus guttulus - isikhungo naseningizimu yeBrazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, enyakatho yeArgentina,
I-Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides - Intshonalanga yeVenezuela, iColombia, i-Ecuador.

Ama-Oncillas akhuphuka izihlahla kahle futhi ahlobene ngokuthula nomfutho ophakeme womkhathi - angaphila endaweni ephakeme engama-3200 ngaphezulu kolwandle. Yize indlela yokuphila ephambili yalawa amakati ingokwasemhlabeni. Akhetha amahlathi, yize engatholakala e-savannah, ehlala ezihlahleni ezinameva. Ama-oncillas amaningi ahlala esimweni sezulu esishisayo esishisayo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi inani lama-oncillas likhula ngempumelelo emahlathini aqobayo, ngenxa yalokho, le ndawo isondele kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala efanele.

Manje uyazi ukuthi i-oncilla ihlala kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi kudliwa yini leli kati.

I-oncilla idlani?

Photo: Oncilla Cat

Ayikho imininingwane eqondile yokuthi yini i-oncilla idla kahle. Isilwane siphila impilo yemfihlo futhi siqaphela abantu, ngakho-ke ukusibona kusendle kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Cishe usebenzisa lezi zilwane ezilandelayo:

Kunobufakazi bokuthi ama-oncillas abucayi kakhulu ekudleni kwawo. Ukwenza isibonelo, azidli izinyoni kanye nezimpaphe, kepha okokuqala zikhipha izimpaphe enyameni efile, bese zidla kuphela. Lokhu kungakhombisa isistimu yokugaya ebukhali yama-oncils, okwakhelwe kuyo umzwelo wemvelo ukusula inyamazane yezinto zakwamanye amazwe.

Ama-Oncillas angabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Bafuna ukuzinza, njengabameli abaningi bomndeni wekati, abagxili ekuxosheni. Ngenxa yombala wazo wokufihla, awabonakali phakathi kwamahlamvu nezihlahla. Futhi, ikati lingahamba kalula emagatsheni ezihlahla - ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, lingahamba ngisho nasegatsheni elincane.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Esikhathini sendlala, la makati angadla izinambuzane ezinkulu nezibungu, ezihlala ngobuningi emahlathini asezansi.

I-Oncilla ihlala phezulu kwephakethe lokudla ngosayizi wayo nendawo yayo. Lapho ehlasela inyamazane, ithatha isikhathi eside, izama ngokushesha ukuluma intamo noma intamo yalowo osuke eyibulala, imubulale ngaso leso sikhathi.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Oncilla kitten

U-Ontsilli uchitha isikhathi esiningi nomlingani ongaba naye ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Abesilisa nabesifazane bathola iphunga bese beqala ukwazana okungafani nalutho. Balala ndawonye kakhulu, bahlikihla ubuso bomuntu futhi baziphatha ngobungane kakhulu.

Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka emibili, bese abesilisa bezala unyaka owodwa nesigamu emva kokuzalwa. Isikhathi se-estrus sithatha izinsuku ezingama-3-9, lapho kubanjwa khona imidlalo yokuthandana.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Akukho mininingwane eminingi mayelana nemidlalo yokuzalela ama-oncillas endle, kepha ekhaya, la makati athanda ukuzala inzalo njalo nomlingani oyedwa.

Ama-Oncils mate ngo-Mashi, futhi ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-75. Ngemuva kokuphola, owesilisa ushiya owesimame futhi abuyele esimweni sokuphila esivamile. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, insikazi iletha, njengomthetho, ikati elilodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunezimbili noma ezintathu.

Ama-kittens asanda kuzalwa awasizi ngalutho futhi afinyelela isisindo esingama-gramu ayi-100. Bavula kakhulu amehlo ngesonto, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukungaboni kungathatha izinsuku eziyi-18. Owesifazane uzigcina zisendaweni ecashile: esihlahleni esiminyene, emathangeni, umgodi womuntu oshiyiwe. Lapho, amawundlu ahlala lapho aze adle inyama - futhi lokhu sekuyinto engamasonto angama-5-7 azelwe.

Amazinyo akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokoqobo emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-21 emva kokuzalwa. Lolu wusuku sekwedlule isikhathi, kepha lunxephezelwa iqiniso lokuthi ama kittens athola wonke amazinyo abo ngasikhathi sinye. Kungezinyanga ezi-4 kuphela, ama-kittens azimela ngokuphelele kunina, futhi afinyelele osayizi abadala ngemuva konyaka.

Izitha Zama-Oncilla Yemvelo

Photo: Oncilla Cat

I-Oncilla iyisisulu esiqinile, yize sincane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ayinazo izitha zemvelo ezazizingela ngenhloso leli kati. Kodwa-ke, izilwane eziningi zingaba usongo olungahlosile ku-oncilla.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinkawu ukuze zivikeleke zingakwazi ukuhlasela i-oncilla. Izinkawu aziphansi ngesivinini nangokweqile kwale kati, ngakho-ke zingayilimaza kakhulu noma zize ziyibulale. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-oncilla cishe ngeke ihlasele ama-primates amakhulu, yize kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela inyamazane, enkulu kakhulu kunabo.

Izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama nazo zingaba usongo ku-oncilla. Uma ikati likhuphuka kakhulu ezihlahleni, ngeke kube nzima ukuthi inyoni edla izingele ilibambe egatsheni. I-Oncilla inesisindo esincane kakhulu, ngakho i-harpy noma ezinye izinhlobo zezinkozi zingakwazi ukuyithwala kalula emathubeni ayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kittens.

Ama-Pythons nama-boas angaba usongo ku-oncilli, yize ehamba kancane. Ikati libona kalula i-banda enomunyu ngephunga layo futhi libambe imisindo emincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke abantu abadala ngeke babanjwe ngumhlaseli. Kepha i-boa ingashintshana nama-oncils akhulayo noma ilimaze isidleke ngamakhanda angaboni. Ngokunjalo, izinyoka ezincane zingazuza kumakhithi asanda kuzalwa ngenkathi umama wazo esesendleleni.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-oncilla?

U-Oncilli wehle kakhulu kubantu eminyakeni yamuva. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu, ezihambisana kakhulu nezinto ze-anthropogenic. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokuhlala kwezolimo. Lokhu kufaka nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezakhiweni zekhofi, okusaqhubeka kwenziwa yonke indawo. U-Oncilli uphoqeleka ukuba afune indawo ephephile, yingakho evame ukubulawa yindlala noma aphuthe izinkathi zokuzalela.

Kwezinye izifunda, bekukhona ukubhujiswa okuhlosiwe kwama-oncils. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwesinye isikhathi indawo yokuhlala kwe-oncilla iphikisana nokuhlala kwabantu, lapho izilwane zingakwazi ukuhlasela izinkukhu. Vele, lokhu kulimaza ezolimo futhi kubangele ukunganeliseki phakathi kwabantu abangama-Aborigine.

I-Oncilli yayisetshenziselwa ukubhujiswa ngenxa yoboya bayo obuthambile. Izikhumba zazithengiswa zibiza kakhulu, yize zazingenalo inani elisebenzayo - azifudumali, futhi kuthatha izikhumba eziningi ukuthunga ucezu lwezingubo.

Ama-Ontsillas athunjwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Le ndlela iyingozi enkulu yokuthola isilwane ngoba i-oncilla kunzima ukuyisebenzisa - iyikati elisendle ngokuphelele nelinolaka kakhulu. Abathunjwa kuphela abazalelwe ekudingisweni bangaba ngamathumba.

Noma kunjalo, namanje la makati agcinwa ekubambeni okuthile okufuywayo, yize ekudingisweni enqaba ukuzalanisa, futhi eba nezingcindezi ezinkulu zokuphila eduze kwabantu.

Ukuqapha kwe-Oncilla

Isithombe: I-Oncilla evela kwiBhuku elibomvu

I-Oncilla ibhalwe ku-Red Book ngaphansi kwesimo sezinhlobo ezisengcupheni. Inani labantu licishe labuyiselwa, ama-oncillas asabalele, yize eqabukela kakhulu. Ukuzingela kwakuyisihlava sangempela sabantu bakhona kula makati, ngoba kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-1980, amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-oncils abhujiswa. Futhi ngo-1983, cishe izikhumba eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-84 zabanjwa abazingeli.

Okwamanje, ama-oncils angaba izinkulungwane ezingama-50, abantu abadala. Isibalo asizinzile, kwesinye isikhathi siyakhuphuka, kwesinye isikhathi siyancipha ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Ukuzingela ama-oncils akuvunyelwe, kepha ezifundeni eziningi lapho kuhlala khona, akunikezwa isimo sesilwane esilondolozayo.

Okungukuthi, ayivikelwe kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

Ku-International Convention on Trade in Wild Animal and Plants, i-oncilla ibhalwe ku-appendix ngonyaka we-1989. Awukho umsebenzi oqondile owenziwayo ukwesekwa noma ukubuyiselwa kwesibalo sabantu ngenxa yezimo ezinzima zekati leli. Kuyaziwa ngokweqiniso ukuthi ukumzingela sekuyekile ngokuphelele.

I-Oncilla - isilwane esihle futhi esibulalayo. Yize ibukeka kahle, ikati leli alifaniswa nokuhlala ekhaya ngenxa yobudlova bemvelo nomsebenzi owanda ebusuku. Siyethemba ukuthi inani lama-oncillas endle lizobuyiselwa ngokuphelele.

Ukuziphatha

Ama-Oncillas ikakhulukazi ebusuku, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ayasebenza phakathi nosuku. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ziyizilwane zomhlaba, amakati avumelaniswa kahle nokukhuphuka. Ngezinye izikhathi zigqokwa ngababili ngesikhathi sokuzalela, kepha zithathwa njengezodwa. Endle, abesilisa bangaba nolaka olukhulu lubhekise kwabesifazane. Akujwayelekile ukuthi la makati abulale izilwane ngaphezu kwazo.

Izinsongo

Abakwa-Ontsilli basongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo okuhlobene nokufuya izinkomo nokulima, ukuhweba ngezilwane zasekhaya, kanye nokuheha inkukhu. Amanani abo mancane ezindaweni lapho amakati amakhulu ahlala khona ngobuningi, futhi ezindaweni lapho amakati amakhulu anyamalale khona, ama-oncillas angachuma ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima.

Okuhle

U-Oncils wayezingelwa ngokungemthetho kulo lonke uhla lwendawo ngenxa yesikhumba esihle esasibukeka njengejazi lama-ocelot namakati amade (u-margay). Phakathi kuka-1976 no-1982, izikhumba ze-oncil zaziphakathi kwamakati asendle athengiswa kakhulu. Bathengiswa emakethe yezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlukile.

Isimo sokuphepha

I-Oncilla yaziwa njengekati elincanyana elinebala, ikati lezinyoni, i-ocelot noma i-tigrillo, kepha la magama asetshenziswa futhi ukuchaza amakati kaMargay kanye ne-Ocelot, ngoba indawo ahlala kuyo igcwele kakhulu.

Ama-oncils angenziwa ngephutha kumakati amade anomsila (ama-margay) noma ama-ocelots amancane, okusho ukuthi ubunzima bawo abunqunyelwe kunoma iyiphi indawo. Abaphenyi eBrazil bathola ukuthi bambalwa kuphela ababengabazingeli kanye nabantu bomdabu abanolwazi kakhulu ababengazihlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu komunye nomunye.

Ngo-2003, eBrazil, umuntu wokuqala walamakati wangena ekuhlolweni kwevidiyo yekhamera endle. Amarekhodi ala makati e-Amazon alingcosana.

ENingizimu yeBrazil, uhla lwazo lugcwele amakati kaGeoffrey, futhi kunobufakazi bokubumbana phakathi kwalezinhlobo ezimbili.

Ama-Oncils ayezingelwa ngenxa yoboya bawo, kulo lonke uhla. Umbiko ngamakati aseNingizimu Melika uveze ukuthi phakathi kuka-1976 no-1982, ama-Oncillas ayengolunye lwezinhlobo ezine zamakati amancane asetshenziswa kakhulu kwezohwebo. Kunzima ukuhlola izinsongo kule nhlobo yemvelo lapho kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngayo. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba khona kwama-oncil kunqunywe emasimini ekhofi nase-eucalyptus emaphethelweni eSão Paulo.

Ama-Oncillas ahlukaniswa “njengezinhlobo ezisengcupheni” ku-IUCN Red uhlu lwezinhlobo ezisengozini. Yize la makati evikelekile ngokuya nge-CITES Isithasiselo I, (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), akuvamile ukutholakala ezindaweni ezivikelwe. Ama-phylogenetics alolu hlobo lwenhlobo ayasungulwa kahle, futhi kuye kwahlongozwa ukuthi abantu abahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yobubanzi babo bangaba izinhlobo ezihlukile.

Send