I-Falcon Saker Falcon ingumbulali obulalayo futhi ungomunye wabazingeli abanonya kakhulu, njengebhubesi noma ingulule, kepha kuphela phakathi kwezinyoni, ngokushesha futhi buthule ibulala inyamazane yayo - lawa magama angachaza le nyoni edlayo futhi enhle.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani iSaker Falcon futhi ihlala kuphi?
Amapayipi weSaker Falcons ahlukahluka kakhulu, ajwayelekile kakhulu yimibala emi-2 - grey enombala omhlophe nomdaka ngokubomvu. Emzimbeni kukhona okuthiwa "amadevu" - imivimbo emnyama egijima entanyeni, imvamisa ibonakala ku-saker ngombala okhanyayo, kwezinye izinhlobo nazo zingakhona, kepha ngeke zikhulunywe kanjalo.
Inomsila omude, izindandatho eziphuzi zikhona eduze kwamehlo ansundu. Abesilisa bancanyana ngokomzimba futhi banezinsikazi ezimbalwa - imvamisa owesilisa unesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 kg, kuthi owesIFazana abe nesisindo esingama-1.5 kg. I-Saker Falcon kulula kakhulu ukuyidida nge-gyrfalcon noma i-peregrine falcon, lezi zinyoni ziyafana kakhulu.
Ukhetha ukuhlala esiteji noma i-steppe-steppe, into ebophezelayo lapho ukhetha indawo lapho ehlala khona iwukuba khona kwehlathi eliseduze, umfula noma elinye idamu elinensimu evulekile, esebenza njengendawo lapho wonke umthombo wayo oyinhloko wokudla unqwabelana. Izingela endaweni engaba amakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka esidlekeni (ibanga elanele ngokwenyoni edla inyama).
Incazelo yokuzingela lesi sidlakela esihle
Ukudla komthungi (i-falco cherrug) kufaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagundane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, imvamisa, imvubu, amajuba, undlunkulu ngisho nezimbila ziwa ezinweni zazo.
Ukuvela kwayo kuyethusa izisulu kangangokuba umuntu angabona ukuthi ihlathi lehlisa kanjani ngenkathi indiza ye-saker idlula endaweni yayo. Lapho isisulu sitholakala, i-falcon igijimela kuyo ngesivinini esikhulu (ijubane le-dive lingafinyelela ku-250 km / h). Ukuwa kwenzeka emaphethelweni angakwesokudla, kepha ukushaya kuwela ohlangothini lwesisulu futhi uma kunamandla kakhulu, isisulu siyashona endaweni, ngesinye isikhathi siphulukene nengxenye ethile yomzimba.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi nge-acceleration enkulu kangako, i-saker, eshaya, ayinciphi ijubane, kepha uyithatha kuphela eduze kwesisulu, okungamangaza kakhulu, ngoba kufanele ihlupheke ngokwayo lapho ishaywa. Uma inyoni iyisisulu, ilinda umzuzwana lapho iwela phansi.
Isigaxa sakhe esiqinile, kanye nokuhlangana okuhlanganayo, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe lezo zivunguvungu ezinamandla ngaphandle kokwesaba impilo yakho, usize ukugwema ukulimala nokuqunjelwa.
Uma ohlukunyeziwe engaphumelelanga ukubulala kusukela eshaye kuqala, khona-ke wenza indlela yesibili, aqede isilwane esivele sikhubazekile, emva kwalokho angadla edlebeni lakhe kuleyo ndawo noma ahambise naye esidlekeni.
Ukuzalela nezidleke zama-Saker Falcons
Yize kunezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu ngamazinga ezinyoni, umsiki okwamanje uyinyoni engajwayelekile futhi ibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu.
Lezi zinyoni zifinyelela ekukhuleni zineminyaka yobudala eyodwa - kuba yilapho umhlaseli eqala ukuzizwa esemdala ngokwanele futhi eqinile ngokwanele ukuqhubeka nohlobo lwayo futhi eqala ukunakekela inzalo, eduze kwentwasahlobo, imidlalo yokuzalela iqala.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi abazakhi izidleke zabo, yize ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuzalelisa sengathi benza umsebenzi wabo wokwakha. Ama-Saker Falcons athumba izidleke zezinye izinyoni, zihlala lapho iminyaka eminingana ndawonye. Amacala ayenzeka futhi lapho ama-Saker Falcons engenawo ngisho neyodwa, kepha izidleke eziningana eziseduze.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ama-Saker Falcons angakhetha izidleke ezitholakala hhayi ezihlahleni kuphela, kodwa nasemadwaleni - kunezimo lapho iSaker Falcons ithatha izidleke zokhozi, okukhombisa ngokuqinile amandla ayo. Ngemuva kokuthola isidleke esifunekayo, kanye nokuthi isiqede inqubo yokuzalela, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-1 kuye kwangama-5, anombala ophuzi noma onsundu.
Ukuvikelwa nokufakwa amaqanda akukhona okwenziwa ngowesifazane kuphela, kepha kwenziwa nowesilisa. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokufakwa, okuhlala esifundeni senyanga eyodwa, amaphuphu aqhekeka. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, amaphuphu asevele enjenge-sakers endala futhi angenza izindiza ezimfushane ngokwawo.
Ngifisa ukuba nethemba lokuthi abantu bazophumelela hhayi ukulondolozwa kuphela, kepha futhi nokwandisa inani lalezi zinyoni, okufanele ngempela ukuba nedumela lokuba ngomunye wabazingeli abayingozi kakhulu esibhakabhakeni.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Le nhlobo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo yayingaphansi kokuhlanganiswa okuxubile nokuhlelwa okungaphelele kwemigqa, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlaziya imininingwane ngokulandelana kwe-DNA. Akunakuthembela ukuthi izifundo zamamolekyulu ezinenombolo encane yamasampula zizokhombisa ukutholakala okuthembekile eqenjini lonke. Imisebe yakho konke ukwehluka okukhona kokhokho be-Saker Falcon, eyenzeka ekuhlanganyeleni ekuqaleni kweLate Pleistocene, inzima kakhulu.
Ividiyo: Umthungi
I-Saker Falcon iyisidalwa esidlulile esisuka enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika siqonde e-mpumalanga yeYurophu nase-Asia sifinyelela esifundeni saseMedithera esisempumalanga. Ekudingisweni, i-falcon yaseMedithera kanye ne-Saker Falcon bangakwazi ukuzala, ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kabusha nge-gyrfalcon kungenzeka. Igama elijwayelekile le-saker livela kwisi-Arabhu futhi lisho ukuthi "falcon".
Iqiniso elikhangayo: I-Saker Falcon iyinyoni yezinganekwane yaseHungary nenyoni kazwelonke yaseHungary. Ngo-2012, umsiki wezikhumba waphinde wakhethwa njengenyoni yezwe yaseMongolia.
Izingulube ze-Saker emaphethelweni asenyakatho-mpumalanga yegquma ezintabeni zase-Altai zikhulu kancane, zimnyama futhi ziyaqapheleka ezingxenyeni eziphansi kunabanye abantu. Baziwa njenge-Altai falcon, esikhathini esidlule babebhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile ze-Falco altaicus, noma njenge-hybrid phakathi kwe-saker ne-gyrfalcon, kepha izifundo zesimanje zibonisa ukuthi kufanele ukuthi luhlobo lokuhlanya.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-cheglok
- I-Falco subbuteo subbuteo ingumuntu wasendulo walolu hlobo. Bancamela ukuhlala eNtshonalanga Afrika, kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia, ngaphandle kwecala eliseningizimu-mpumalanga kuphela. Lokhu okubhaliselwe kuyinyoni efudukayo. Ebusika, ushiya amakhaya akhe aye e-Afrika nase-Asia.
- I-Falco subbuteo streichi ingummeleli omkhulu we-falconry oda. Ihlala ohlangothini oluseningizimu ye-Eshiya, ithatha indawo yase China iye eMyanmar nase Indochina. Ebusika, azindizi ndawo.
Ukuxhumana okuhlobene kwesheke:
- I-cheglok i-Falco cuvierii yase-Afrika - cishe ikhophi eliqondile le-cheglok ejwayelekile. Uhlala e-Afrika.
- I-cheglok Falco longipennis yase-Australia icishe ifane nokujwayelekile, kodwa hhayi kangako. Insikazi ayizaleli amaqanda angaphezu kwama-3 lapho ibekwa. Izwekazi lase-Australia, i-East Indonesia neNew Guinea yindawo yokuhlala yalolu hlelo.
- ICheglok Eleonora Falco eleonorae - inkulu kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Yaqanjwa ngemuva kwentokazi yesikhathi esidlule yaseSardinia, ekhiphe isimemezelo ngokuvikelwa kwalezi zinyoni kubantu. Bahlala eGrisi, eCroatia, eSicily, eMalta nangasogwini lwase-Afrika.
- Ikhonsathi yesiliva yeFalco concolor - ifakwe ngombala okhanyayo ofana nesiliva. Igcwele i-Afrika.
- I-cheglok Falco severus yaseMpumalanga - ibukeka ifana kakhulu ne-cheglok yase-Afrika. Ihlala insimu ye-savannah kusuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho-nasempumalanga ye-Afrika, amahlathi ashisayo ase-Asia cishe yonke indawo eluhlaza yase-Australia.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani isigaxa?
I-Saker Falcon incane kune-gyrfalcon. Lezi zinyoni zikhombisa ukwehluka ngombala kanye nephethini, ukusuka kufenisha evumelana noshokolethi onsundu kuya kwesikhilimu noma isigaxa sotshani ngemivimbo nsundu noma ngemifudlana. AmaBalaban anezindawo ezimhlophe noma ezimibalukhulu kwezicubu ezingaphakathi zezimpaphe zomsila. Njengoba umbala ongaphansi kwephiko uvame ukuba paler, unokubukeka okuthe xaxa uma uqhathanisa nezimbobo ezimnyama zama-axillary nezeluleko zezimpaphe.
Izinsikazi zikaSaker zikhulu ngokubonakalayo kunabesilisa futhi zivame ukuba nesisindo esisuka ku-970 kuye ku-1300 g, zibe nobude obujwayelekile obuyi-55 cm, amaphiko ngamaphiko angama-120 kuya kwangama-130. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesilisa banobunzima obuyisilinganiso esilingana nesikhombisa ukusuka ku-780 kuya ku-1090 g, ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bawo buyi-45 cm, ngamaphiko I-100 kuye ku-110 cm. Inhlobo inama “antennae” acashile ngendlela yemivimbo emnyama ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ngemuva kokuncibilika ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, amaphiko, emuva, nengubo yenyoni athola umbala omnyama onsundu. Amawashi aluhlaza aphuzi aphuzi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izici nombala we-saker kwehluka kakhulu kulo lonke uhla lokuhambisa. Amalungu aseYurophu ahlala esesimweni esikahle sokuphakelwa endaweni yokuzalanisa, uma kungenjalo athuthela empumalanga yeMedithera noma aye eningizimu e-East Africa.
Izimpiko ze-balaban zinde, zibanzi futhi zibonisa, zinombala onsundu ngenhla, zinezintambo ezincane futhi zinezacile. Ingaphezulu lomsila linsundu. Isici esibonakalayo ikhanda elikhanyayo elinombala okhilimu. E-Europe Ephakathi, lolu hlobo lukhonjwa kalula yizindawo ezi-ornithological, ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona i-falcon yaseMedithera, kunethuba elikhulu lokudideka.
Uhlala kuphi umsiki?
Photo: Saker Falcon eRussia
AmaBalabans (avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-Saker Falcons") atholakala ezindaweni eziwugwadule namahlathi asuka e-Eastern Europe iye e-Asia Ephakathi, lapho okuyindawo eyihlane. AmaBalaban afudukela ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ye-Asia eseningizimu nakwezinye izingxenye zase-Afrika ebusika. Muva nje, kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokusabalalisa ama-balaban entshonalanga aye eJalimane. Lolu hlobo lutholakala ebangeni lonke lePalaearctic esifundeni kusuka e-Eastern Europe kuye entshonalanga neChina.
Bazalela ku:
Abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo zasebusika njalo noma bandizela ku:
Ngezinga elincane, abantu abaphambukayo bafinyelela nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Inani labantu emhlabeni lihlala liyisifundo. ISaker Falcons isidleke ezihlahleni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-15 ukuya kwe-20 ngaphezulu komhlaba, eziqiwini nasehlathini elivulekile emaphethelweni emugqa wezihlahla. Akekho owake wabona i-balaban yakha isidleke sayo. Imvamisa kuhlala izidleke ezilahliwe zezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zize zixwaye amabutho angenayo zidle izidleke. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka ebangeni labo, ama-sakers asebenzisa izidleke emaphethelweni edwala.
Ukusakazeka kwezinyoni
Indawo yokuhlala kwe-balaban ifaka izifunda eziphakathi kwe-Asia. Izinhlobo zezinyoni zivamile eMongolia, Kazakhstan, Altai, ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeKrasasarsars Territory, eSifundeni sase-Irkutsk, eBuryatia naseTransbaikalia. IBalaban iyatholakala nasemazweni afana ne-Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, China.
Ebusika, izihlahlana zasenyakatho ze-balaban zindizela e-Ethiopia, ePhalamende lase-Arabia, nasentshonalanga yeChina. Izinyoni zaseningizimu zivame ukuhlala phansi.
Kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala, inani le-balaban liphansi.
Ngabe i-balancer idlani?
Photo: Saker endizeni
Njengamanye ama-falcons, ama-balaban anezinsika ezibukhali ezigobile, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane. Basebenzisa umlomo wabo onamandla, othambisayo ukusika umgogodla wesisulu. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ezinjengama-squirrel womhlaba, ama-hamsters, amajezi, ama-gerbils, ama-hares nama-pikas angenza u-60 kuya ku-90% wokudla kwe-saker.
Kwezinye izimo, izinyoni ezihlala emhlabeni, ezifana nezigwaca, i-hazel grouse, ama-pheasants, nezinye izinyoni zasemoyeni, ezinjengamadada, ama-herons, kanye nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama (izikhova, ama-kestrels, njll.), Zingaqhamuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-50% azo zonke izisulu ezindaweni ezinamahlathi amaningi. Ama-Saker Falcons angadla nezingwe ezinkulu.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-balaban yile:
I-Saker ivumelaniswa ngokomzimba ngokuzingela eduze komhlabathi ezindaweni ezivulekile, ihlanganisa ukushesha okusheshayo nge-maneuverability ephezulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ikhethekile ngamagundane aphakathi nendawo. Usebenzisa imihlaba enotshani evulekile, enjengezindawo ezingamagwadule, ugwadule olungamaphethelo, izitebhisi, izindawo zezolimo nezomile.
Kwezinye izindawo, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamanzi ngisho nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni, isikwati siguqukela kwizinyoni njengexhoba eliphambili. Futhi kwezinye izingxenye zaseYurophu, usebenzisa amajuba kanye namagundane asekhaya. Le nyoni ilandelela inyamazane yayo ezindaweni ezivulekile, ifuna inyamazane emadwaleni nasezihlahleni. I-balaban iqhuba ukuhlasela kwayo indiza enezingqimba, futhi angawi isisulu sivela emoyeni, njengabanye abafowabo.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi ungayondla kanjani i-saker. Masibone ukuthi i-falcon ihlala kanjani endle.
Umsoco
I-Falcon Saker Falcon - inyoni edla inyama. Idla izinduku ezincane (ngokwesibonelo, ama-squirrels), kanye nama-hares, amajuba, amabala, amadada, izibankwa ezinkulu. Konke "ukudla" okungenzeka kusaba kakhulu i-saker. Lapho isisulu sibona i-falcon esibhakabhakeni, sifune ukulala phansi singashiyi umgodi. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaSaker Falcons awazingeli eduze nezidleke zawo, kanti izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane zisebenzisa leli qiniso ngokuzithandela.
I-Saker falcon ibheka inyamazane, njengomthetho, eduze kwamanzi, eduze kwamadwala noma izihlahla, okungukuthi, endaweni lapho kubonakala kahle khona. Umhlatshelo undizela isisulu ngejubane elikhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ungafinyelela amakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu ngehora. Njengoba ifulathele inyamazane, inyoni ayinciphi. Kulesi simo, i-saker ayitholi ukulimala, sonke isizathu siyisigaxa esiqinile kanye nokuhlangana.
Le nyoni ibulala isisulu ngejubane lombani futhi ithule kakhulu: iwela ngakwesokunene, iyishaya ngaseceleni. Njengomthetho, ukufa kwenzeka ngaso leso sikhathi. Uma lokhu kungenzekanga, umqambi uhlasela futhi, abulale isisulu. Le nyoni ibamba ukudla ngokushesha endaweni noma ikuyise esidlekeni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Saker Falcon
IBalaban itholakala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, ogwadule, izihlahla ezivulekile nezinye izindawo eziyomile ezinezihlahla ezisakazekile, amadwala noma amaphayiphi kagesi, ikakhulukazi eduze namanzi. Kungabonakala kutholakala edwaleni noma esihlahleni eside, lapho ungahlola kalula indawo ezungezile ukuze ikhiqizwe.
U-Balaban ungumfuduki onengxenye. Izinyoni ezivela engxenyeni esenyakatho yohlobo lokuzalela zifuduka kakhulu, kepha izinyoni ezingabantu baseningizimu eningi ziphila impilo yokuhlala lapho kunokudla okwanele. Izinyoni zobusika ezigudla ugu loLwandle Olubomvu eSaudi Arabia, eSudan naseKenya zizalela ngasentshonalanga kweentaba ezinkulu zaseCentral Asia. Ama-Saker falc ayathutha ukusuka maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya kuLwezi, kanti inani eliphakeme lokufuduka kwabantu lenzeka maphakathi noFebhuwari - Ephreli, abantu bokugcina abashiyayo bafika ekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukuzingela nge-saker luhlobo oludume kakhulu lwe-falconry, olungaphansi kwesifiso sokuzingela nge-hawk. Izinyoni zinamathele kakhulu kumnikazi, ngakho-ke zithandwa kakhulu ngabazingeli.
Ama-Saker Falcons akuzona izinyoni zenhlalo. Bancamela ukungafaki izidleke zabo eduze kwamanye amazambane okuzalela. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo, ama-Saker Falcons ayaphoqelelwa ukuba adle eduze kwawo, kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ezindaweni ezinokudla okuningi, ama-sakers ngokuvamile ahlala esidlekeni esiseduze. Ibanga phakathi kwamabili lisukela kwamabili kuya kwamane kububanzi obuyi-0.5 km² kuya ngamabili amabanga akude kwe-10 km noma ngaphezulu ezindaweni ezisezintabeni nasezitebhisini. Isikhathi sokuphumula singumbhangqwana owodwa njalo kumakhilomitha angama-4-5,5.
Ukuqothulwa kwezilwane
Eminyakeni eyedlule edlule, umuntu ubekade eyi “nkosi” yomhlaba wonke:
- Ukukhula okuphezulu kwenani labantu kuyagcinwa,
- Umuntu kuphela onamandla okuba nomthelela obalulekile emvelweni,
- Abantu baqothule iningi lezilwane, akekho omunye umhlaseli ongafaniswa nathi kule nkomba,
- Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, izinga lomthelela liqala ukukhula ngesivinini esiyinhlekelele.
Yebo, kunjalo, i-meteorite eyodwa noma ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo eziningana kubangele ukulimala okukhulu kangangokuba sonke isintu "sibhemela eceleni." Abantu abakwazi ukuqhathanisa nezinhlekelele zemvelo uma kungenxa yamandla enuzi.
- Kuwo wonke amazwe athuthukile, kunemikhawulo ethile kwimisebenzi yabazingeli,
- Kukhona iNcwadi Ebomvu nezinye izinhlu eziningi lapho kusengohlu izinhlobo zezinto ezisengozini futhi esele zanyamalala,
- Ama-Zapovednik ayenziwa futhi kwethulwa izinhlelo zokunakekela inani lezilwane ngazinye,
- Izishoshovu ezinganendaba nekusasa lazo zonke izinto eziphilayo zilwa ngempumelelo nezenzo ezingekho emthethweni zabantu nezinhlangano ezizonke.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Falcon Saker Falcon
Ukuheha insikazi, abesilisa babamba iqhaza emibonisweni ekhangayo emoyeni, njengabanye abamele abanye abomndeni we-falcon. Ama-Male Saker Falcons akhuphuka ezindaweni zawo, enza umsindo omkhulu. Ziqeda izindiza zazo zokubukisa ngokufika eduze kwendawo efanelekile yokwakha isidleke. Lapho uhlangana eduze nomuntu ohlangana naye noma ozoshada naye, ihloka liguqe komunye nomunye.
Abesilisa bavame ukondla izinsikazi ngesikhathi sokudlekwa. Ngenkathi uthandana nomuntu ongaba naye umlingani, iduna lizandiza libambe inyamazane elengayo, noma lilethe kowesifazane lapho bezama ukukhombisa ukuthi ungumthengisi omuhle wokudla. Esifubeni kukhona amaqanda asukela ku-2 kuya ku-6, kepha imvamisa inani lawo lisuka ku-3 liye ku-5. Ngemuva kokubeka iqanda lesithathu, kuqalwa ukumiselwa, okuhlala izinsuku ezingama-32 kuye kwezingama-36. Ngokuvamile, njengama-falcons amaningi, inzalo yabafana ikhula ngokushesha kunamantombazane.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amachwane amancanyana ambozwe nge-fluff futhi azalwe evalwe ngamehlo, kodwa awavula ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Zinezincibilikisi ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele ku-plumage yabantu abadala. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho beneminyaka engaphezu konyaka.
Abesifazane bafika esikhathini sokukhulelwa cishe unyaka ngaphambi kwabesilisa. Imikhaza iqala ukundiza phakathi kweminyaka engu-45 no-50 yezinsuku, kepha ihlale insimu yezinsuku zezinye izinsuku ezingama-30 kuye kwengama-45, futhi kwesinye isikhathi eside. Uma kunomthombo omkhulu wokudla wasendaweni, inzalo ingahlala ndawonye isikhashana.
Njengoba isisesidlekeni, amachwane ayahalala ukudonsa ukunaka kwabazali uma bekodwa, bebanda, noma belambile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintokazi zingenza umsindo opholile othi “breakaway” ukukhuthaza izingane zazo ukuthi zivule izindebe zazo ukudla. Lapho izingane zidla kahle, amaphuphu ayahlangana kangcono kunokuba afakwe ekujuleni kokudla. Esifubeni esijabulisayo, amaphuphu abelana ngokudla, futhi futhi ahlolana ngokushesha lapho eqala ukundiza. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho kunokudla okuncane, amantshontsho aqapha ukudla kwawo komunye nomunye futhi angazama ngisho nokuntshontsha ukudla kubazali bawo.
Izitha zemvelo ze-balaban
Photo: Saker Falcon ebusika
Ama-Saker Falcons awanabo abazidlayo endle ngaphandle kwabantu. Lezi zinyoni zinolaka kakhulu. Enye yezizathu abazazisa kangaka ngama-falconers ukuthi, benquma ukukhetha isisulu, baphikelela kakhulu. UBalaban ulandela inyamazane yakhe ngokungagudluzili ngisho nakuthango.
Esikhathini esedlule, babesetshenziselwa ukuhlasela umdlalo omkhulu onjengojinja. Inyoni yajaha isisulu yaze yabulala isilwane. Ama-Saker Falcons angabazingeli ababekezelayo, abangenakulibaleka. Ziphaphama emoyeni noma zihlale amahora amaningi eweni lazo, zibukele inyamazane futhi zilungisa indawo ngqo yalapho zigxila khona. Abesifazane cishe njalo babusa abesilisa. Kwesinye isikhathi bazama ukuntshontsha inyamazane komunye nomunye.
Lolu hlobo lunenkinga:
- ukushaqeka kukagesi ezintanjeni zikagesi,
- ukuncipha kokutholakala komkhiqizo ngenxa yokulahleka kanye nokuwohloka kwezinyathelo namadlelo owomile ngenxa yokuqina kwezolimo, ukusungulwa kwamasimu,
- ukwehla kwezinga lokwalusa izinkomo, futhi ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani lezinyoni ezincane,
- bamba ukuxoka, okubangela ukuqothuka kwendawo yabantu,
- ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane eziholela kubuthi besibili.
Minyaka yonke, inani le-Saker Falcons ebanjiwe lifinyelela ezingeni lezinyoni ezingama-6 825 8 400. Kulaba, iningi elikhulu (i-77%) abesifazane abancane, lilandelwa u-19% wabantu besifazane abadala, ama-3% abesilisa abancane no-1% wabesilisa abadala, okungahle kudala ukubandlulula okukhulu kubantu basendle.
Inombolo
Eminyakeni engama-40 eyedlule, iSaker Falcon yayihlala izindawo eziwugwadule, izindawo zokugcina izihlahla nezindawo ezihlala emahlathini kusukela e-Austria naseBulgaria kuye eMpumalanga Ekude. Ezindongeni nasezintabeni zamahlathi ze-Eurasia eyenziwe yindoda, wasinda ngokuyisimangaliso "ekusukeni komhlaba wentombi" kanye nenkathi ye-DDT. Kepha ihloka labhujiswa ukuhaha kwabantu.
Eminyakeni yama-70s. ukukhiqizwa kawoyela okusebenzayo kwaqala emazweni asePersian Gulf futhi ama-sheikhs achuma phambi kwamehlo abo empeleni avuselela inkolelo yokukhohlisa ekungabikhona. I-Saker, njengasesikhathini sokuhlasela kwamaHuns nangesikhathi sokudonswa kombuso kaGenghis Khan, yaba uphawu lwamandla nengcebo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kumnandi kwezikhulu zikawoyela zasempumalanga. Baqala ukubamba iSokolov ngezinkulungwane kanti izinhlobo zaqala ukusondela kancane kancane nangokufanele kulayini oyingozi, zilandelwa ukuqothulwa.
Kakade kuma-70s. ISaker Falcons yanyamalala emaqeleni eNtshonalanga Kazakhstan, ngeminyaka yama-80s. - ehlathini lesitebele sesifunda saseVolga, naphakathi kweminyaka engama-90s. - nakuwo wonke ama-steppe kanye ne-step-steppe zone yengxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia. Uhlobo oluyilo olujwayelekile, olunabantu balo bomhlaba wonke olulinganiselwa emashumini ezinkulungwane zamabili, seluqabile kakhulu, isibalo salo njengamanje alikho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezili-15. E-Russia, akukho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili zezidleke, ezigxile ikakhulu eningizimu yeSiberia.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani isigaxa?
Ukuhlaziywa kwemininingwane etholakalayo kuholele ekulinganiselweni kwesibalo sabantu bomhlaba wonke sabazala abangu-17,400 - 28,800, isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke eChina (ngamawele ama-3,000-7,000), iKazakhstan (ngababili abangu-4,808-5,628), iMongolia (2792-6980 ngababili) naseRussia (5700- 7300 ngazimbili). Inani elincane labantu baseYurophu lalinganiselwa kuma-350-500 ngazimbili, okulingana nabantu abayi-710-990 abavuthiwe. Inani labantu eYurophu futhi mhlawumbe naseMongolia njengamanje liyakhula, kepha umumo weningi labantu ubalwa njengento engemihle.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi lesi sizukulwane sithatha iminyaka eyi-6.4, futhi isibalo saloluhlobo seluqale ukwehla (okungenani kwezinye izindawo) kuze kube yiminyaka yama-1990s, inkambiso ejwayelekile yenani labantu esikhathini seminyaka eyi-19 yowe-1993-2012 ifana nokwehla kwama-47% (ngokwesilinganiso sokulinganisa) ngokwehla okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-2-75% ngonyaka. Njengoba kunikezwe ukungaqiniseki okubalulekile maqondana nobuningi bokuqagela obusetshenzisiwe, ngokusho kwedatha yokuqala, le nhlobo incishiswa okungenani ngama-50% ngaphezulu kwezizukulwane ezintathu.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ama-Saker Falconers akhetha i-Balobanov ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, okuholela ekungalingani ngokobulili phakathi kwabantu basendle. Eqinisweni, cishe ama-90% ezinkolelozi ezingaba ngu-2 000 eziboshwe unyaka ngamunye ngesikhathi sokufuduka ekwindla zingabantu besifazane.
Lezi zibalo ziyamangaza, njengoba amanye ama-saker falcons ebanjwa ngokungemthetho futhi athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi isibalo saker sangempela sidotshwa endle minyaka yonke. Ama-tickers kulula ukuwaqeqesha, ngakho-ke iningi lezicupho zomgundi linonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-falconer amaningi akhulula izilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo kunzima ukuzinakekela, futhi izinyoni eziningi eziqeqeshiwe ziyabaleka.