Azikho izidalwa eziningi ezingaqhosha isethi efanayo yezici ezihlukile abanazo. ama-african amaqanda adla amaqanda (lat. Dasypeltis scabra) Impilo yabo yonke, lezi zinyoka zihlala ekudleni okuqinile futhi zibekiwe, zingaboni kahle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zivumelaniswe impilo ngokuphelele nengxenye engxenyeni yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Ubude bomzimba obukhulu abudluli ku-110-120 cm, abantu abacishe babe ngama-80 cm ubude bavame kakhulu. Umbala wehluke kakhulu futhi ngobuningi bamacala muhle kakhulu - amathoni angahluka kusuka kokumpunga okumnyama kubomvu ngokuya endaweni, futhi amaphethini avame ukuvezwa amabala amise okwamadayimane noma ama-V emhlane, akhiwa ngezikali ezikhudlwana. Imvamisa, umbala we-Dasypeltis scabra uvumelana kahle nemvelo futhi uvumela inyoka ukuba inganakwa.
Umuntu odla amaqanda wase-Afrika udla amaqanda kuphela. Njengoba izidalwa ezihuquzelayo zingadingi ukuxosha inyamazane ebhuqayo, umzimba wayo uye wenza izinguquko eziningi ezithokozisayo.
Okokuqala, umbono wenyoka yeqanda ubuthakathaka kakhulu, kepha lo mqondo uthathelwe indawo ngumqondo obukhali wephunga nephunga. Ngosizo lolimi olubucayi, inyoka ithola kalula iminyakazo yezinyoni ngamaqanda.
Okwesibili, igebhezi nomhlathi ophansi akuxhunyiwe, okuvumela ukuba umlomo uvuleke kakhulu futhi amaqanda amakhulu ukuba agwinywe.
Okwesithathu, amazinyo enyoka ahlanganisiwe, abuthakathaka futhi mancane. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kwesophagus kukhona "i-saw saw" - izinqubo ezibukhali nezibanzi ze-vertebrae yangaphandle yomzimba. Kusetshenziswa leli thuluzi, umuntu odla amaqanda wase-Afrika unquma igobolondo leqanda elinamandla. Okuqukethwe kweqanda kuqukethe i-esophagus, bese okusele igobolondo kuphume.
Ungahlangana ne-Dasypeltis scabra kuphela e-Afrika, kepha zisatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwamahlathi kuphela anendawo nezindawo ezimaphakathi neSahara. Ivumelaniswe ngokuphelele nokuphila ngezinhlobonhlobo zama-biotypes, ukusuka emaphethelweni omile acishe abe ngukuphila angaphenduli emahlathini emvula amaningi.
Inyoka yeqanda yase-Afrika, njengomndeni wonke wohlukile, ayinazo izihlungu. Ngesikhathi sengozi, inyoka ifuna indawo yokufihla imbobo yezihlahla, emifantwini naphakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukucasha, lesi silwanyana esihuquzelayo sisebenzisa isilokotho esesabisayo - sisontwe ngesibalo sabantu abayisishiyagalombili futhi senza umsindo owesabekayo odlikizayo owenziwe ngokuxhaxha izikali ezinkulu zenjoloba komunye nomunye - bathi uzwakala ethusa kakhulu.
23.07.2013
Umuntu odla amaqanda wase-Afrika (lat. Dasypeltis scabra) - inyoka yomndeni usuvele (lat. Colubridae). Ibizwa nangokuthi inyoka yeqanda yase-Afrika ngenxa yokunamathela kwayo ezikhethekile kumaqanda ezinyoni, okudla njengokudla kwayo okuyinhloko.
Isidli seqanda asinobuthi futhi asinamazinyo, ngakho-ke abathandi bezilwane ezihlukile bayakujabulela ukuyigcina ekhaya ezindaweni ezisebenzisa imali. Kuyiqiniso, ukuzalanisa lezi zilwane ekhaya kudinga okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle.
Izici zokuziphatha
Abadli bamaqanda bavamile ezweni lonke lase-Sahara lase-Sahara. Zizizwa zingcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezikhungethwe izindunduma zama-termite, kanye nasezindaweni ezinotshani ezomile ezinamadwala avele phansi.
Le inyoka ithanda ukushisa kakhulu futhi ekupholiseni okuncane ifihla endaweni yokukhosela futhi iwele ku-stupor. Uphila impilo yobusuku. Emini, umuntu odla amaqanda ucasha endaweni yokukhosela, kuthi lapho sekuhwalala ahambe ayobheka ukudla.
Umuthi wokudla amaqanda wase-Afrika uguqulwa ukuze ondle amaqanda kuphela.
Emhlathini wakhe, endaweni yamazinyo, kukhona amafolda akhethekile anjenge-regionion. Lawa mafolda, njengezinkomishi zokugxoza, acindezelwa igobolondo leqanda, alivimbe ukuba lingaphumi emlonyeni walo.
Isilwane sasendle sihamba kahle emithini futhi sesha izidleke zezinyoni. Lapho isitholile iqanda, inyoka iyezwa ulimi lwayo ukuze iqiniseke ukuthi ingukusha. Iyakwazi nokucacisa ukuthi umbungu usuvele ukhula kuwo noma cha.
Kudliwa kuphela amaqanda lapho umbungu ungakakhiwa khona. Njengoba ikhethe iqanda, i-ovipar ivula umlomo wayo kakhulu futhi iligwinye kusukela ekugcineni.
Inqubo yokufakwa iyinde futhi ithatha isikhathi. Okokuqala, inyoka ibamba intamo yayo bese idlulela iqanda ngokusebenzisa "iqanda leqanda" kusuka ezinqubweni ezixubile ze-vertebrae yangaphandle yesiqu. Ngosizo lwayo, inquma igobolondo elinzima, emva kwalokho okuqukethwe uketshezi kungena ngaphakathi esiswini.
Imisipha ekhethekile icindezela i-pharynx, futhi izinsalela ezingaphili zikhipha isiphuzo esisodwa.
Ngosuku oluhle, inyoka idla amaqanda ezinyoni ezi-5 ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kwanele kuye amasonto ambalwa.
I-tarantula yase-Afrika idla kuphela ngenkathi yezinyoni ezinkulu zezinyoni.
Ezinyangeni ezilambile, uyahlanya, ephila ngemali ebekade iqoqiwe ngaphambilini. Ebusika, hibernates, ukuthola indawo yokuhlala evikelekile.
Ukuba yisidalwa esingenangozi ngokuphelele, umuntu odla amaqanda wase-Afrika uma engozini ulingisa imikhuba yenyoka enobuthi. Ugoba isidumbu ngesimo sehhashi nezindunduma ezinezikali eziseceleni ribbed, akhiphe isitha esesabekayo esiqhaqhazelayo.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuzalela kubantu abadla amaqanda e-Afrika siqala masinyane ngemuva kokuzilibazisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bakhasa ngokuzungeza indawo yomakhelwane beyofuna intokazi. Ngemuva komhlangano omfushane, abalingani bahlukana.
Ngokushesha insikazi ibheka indawo enokwethenjelwa futhi engenakuphikiswa yokuzalela inzalo, lapho izalela amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayi-25. Imvamisa kuma-clutch kukhona amaqanda acishe abe yi-10 ama-27-46 mm ubude nama-15-20 mm ububanzi. Owesifazane akanendaba nezingane.
Izinga lokukhula kombungu lincike ngokuphelele ekushiseni okukhona. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, kuzelwe izinyoka ezakhiwe ngokuphelele nezizimele ezingama-21-25 cm.Ukuthomba kwazo kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-2.
Incazelo
Umbala uluhlaza okotshani noma omnqumo luhlaza. Iphethini emnyama yamabala noma imivimbo inwebeka emuva. Ngemuva kwekhanda kuyindawo emnyama ngesimo sencwadi yesiLatini u-V.
Ikhanda lincane. Amehlo makhulu futhi aqhakaze kancane. Umlomo uyindilinga futhi ungelulwa kabanzi.
Isikhathi sokuphila komuntu esidla amaqanda e-Afrika ezimweni zemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-10.
Indawo yokuhlala nendlela yenyoka ye-ovid
Indawo yokuhlala yenyoka enjalo e-Afrika, ngaphandle kweCentral Sahara kanye namahlathi anenkabazwe. Inani labantu liphinde lasakazeka kahle eMorocco, eSudan, eSouth Africa (enyakatho, eningizimu), eGibhithe, eSenegal. Abanye abantu bangene ngisho naseNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, izindawo ezigcwele ogwadule, amadamu, iziwula, amahlathi asezintabeni.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zizizwa zikhulu emhlabathini nasezihlahleni, ngoba uma kwenzeka ubhekene nengozi ungacasha emgodini noma ezimpandeni zezihlahla. Uma engakwazi ukuphunyula, uqala ukugoqa, enze imisindo evelelayo neyesabekayo kuye, etholakala ngokuhlikihla izikali maqondana nomunye.
IVIDEO: MAYELANA NE-EGGS SNAPS
KULEVIDIYO, UZOBONA UKUTHI INDLELA ENGCONO EMNYAMA LUDUMA KANJANI IBHODI EBOL
Inyoka yeqanda lase-Afrika(I-Dasypeltis scabra)
Isigaba - Izirhubuluzi
Isikwele - iScaly
Uhlobo - Izinyoka Zamaqanda
Inyoka ephakathi nendawo efinyelela ku-1,2 m ubude, imvamisa incane - cishe amasentimitha angama-80. Izikali zomzimba ezinama-keels akhule kahle. Amehlo mancane. Umbala uhluka kakhulu. Ifomu “elijwayelekile” le-“rhombic”: ithoni yombala oyinhloko onsundu okhanyayo, obomvu noma mpunga, eceleni kwefulethi kunezindawo eziningi ezimnyama ezingemuva noma ezi-rhombic ezihlukaniswe izikhala ezimhlophe, imvamisa umugqa owodwa noma amabili owakhiwe nge-V entanyeni, umugqa oqondile noma othambekele emnyama emaceleni imivimbo. Kunezinhlobo zephethini elibuthakathaka noma ngokujwayelekile ngokungabikho eyodwa (brown brown, orange or grey).
Sisatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo neziseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika, kusukela eSenegal naseSudan enyakatho kuze kube sekupheleni kweNingizimu Afrika ngaseningizimu. Ingxenye yendawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo itholakala eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Arabia.
Igcwele uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwama-biotopes: ama-savannah omanzi nome awomile, ogwadule abanesigamu, amahlathi asogwini nezintaba, izihlahla ezinde zotshani. Abantu abadla amaqanda bazizwa bemnandi emhlabathini nasezihlahleni. Ezimweni zobungozi, bazama ukucasha ezindaweni ezivulekile ngaphansi kwezimpande noma emigodini yezihlahla. Ukusuka ngamehlo amancane anabafundi abambekile, akukho okuncane okusetshenziswayo. Kodwa ukungaboni kahle kubalwa ngumqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga nokuthinta. Umuntu odla amaqanda uthola inyamazane yakhe ngosizo lolimi kanye nefossa ekhethekile ekugcineni kwasesizalweni. Lapho isithole ngale ndlela isidleke esinamaqanda, inyoka iya ekudleni. Izinyoka zeqanda zidla amaqanda kuphela, futhi ngenxa yalokho kunezici ezimbalwa esakhiweni sazo.
Lezi izinyoka eziqanda ovipositing. Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda angama-25.
Ekudingisweni, enama-cubic noma ama mpo enenombolo enkulu yamagatsha ahlanganisiwe nendawo yokukhosela etholakala ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ifaneleka kahle. Kungaba yishubhu sobumba noma epulasitiki, ucezu olulodwa lwamagxolo, noma enye indawo yokuhlala efanelekile. Kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlabathi njengesihlokwana. Izinga lokushisa ligcinwa kumadigri angama-28- 30, umswakama awuphakama, kwanele zonke izikhathi ezi-2- 2 ukufafaza ithangi kusuka esifuyweni sokufafaza. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukunikeza umoya omncane ku-terrarium, engavumeli ukuhamba komoya. Lezi zinyoka zivame ukuzola, azinangozi ngokuphelele futhi zihlala kahle ekudingisweni.
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi ubanikeze ukudla. Inketho enhle amaqanda amasha wezinyoni eziningi zokuhlobisa, ezigcinwa futhi ziboshwe ekudingisweni: ama-parrots, owokususa, ama-canaries, njll. Amaqanda we-Quail alungele abantu abadala, kepha amaqanda ezigcotshane ageziwe futhi aqandisiwe athengiswa ezitolo awanamqondo futhi alahlekelwa ukuheha izinyoka. Lapho usuthisa amaqanda, ungawafaka esidlekeni sokufakelwa esimiswe emagatsheni, asetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa izinyoni emakhejini. Ngenxa yokungazethembi kokuphakelwa kokudla ngokwemvelo, izinyoka zamaqanda ziyakwazi ukudla ngenkuthalo, ukuqongelela ngokushesha amanoni, futhi okuphambene nalokho, zibulawa yindlala isikhathi eside, zenqaba ukudla.