Indawo yabafundisi be-biology MBOU Lyceum № 2, Voronezh, Russia

Othisha bebhayoloji yesayithi lyceum No. 2 Voronezh idolobha, iRussia Federation

Amaqembu emvelo wezinyoni ngendawo yokuhlala

• Izinyoni zehlathizihlukile kwamanye amaqembu ngoba zinemilenze emincane ngokulinganayo, nekhanda eliphakathi nendawo. Intamo yabo ayibonakali, amehlo asezinhlangothini.
• Izinyoni zezigodi zamachibi namachibi inentamo ende kakhulu nemilenze emide. Bayazidinga ukuze bathole ukudla ezindaweni zokubhukuda.
• Izinyoni zezikhala ezivulekile evumelaniswa nokufuduka ngakho-ke inamaphiko aqinile kakhulu. Amathambo abo anesisindo esingaphansi kwamathambo ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.
• Iqembu lokugcina amanziabahlala eduze, noma emizimbeni yamanzi. Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa ngumlomo onamandla ngokwanele, ozisiza ukuba zidle izinhlanzi.

Izinyoni zehlathi. Iningi lezinyoni zesimanje lihambisana nehlathi. Wonke umuntu uyazi izinyoni zethu zasehlathini: amathis, ama-Woodpeckers, ama-blackbird, i-hazel grouse, i-grouse emnyama, i-capercailliebazivumelanisa kahle nokuphila emahlathini. Banqamule izimpiko eziyindilinga, imisila emide. Lokhu kuvumela izinyoni ukuba zisheshe zihambe futhi ziqonde phakathi kwezihlahla.

Phakathi kwezinyoni zasehlathini kukhona i-herbivorous (granivorous), engavikeleki, i-carnivorous ne-omnivorous. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokudla, izinyoni ziye zahlakulela ngokuhlukile imilomo nemilenze.

Izinyoni ezinkulu zehlathi - i-grouse, i-grouse emnyama, i-capercaillie - uchithe isikhathi esiningi emhlabeni. Ngemilenze eqinile, ehlome ngezihlakala ezinkulu, abamba imfucumfucu yehlathi, akhethe imbewu yezitshalo, izinambuzane, neminyundu. Ama-Buds aluma ngemilomo eqinile, amahlumela amasha ezihlahla nezihlahlana, adla ama-blueberries anejusi, ama-blueberries, ama-lingonberry.

Ngokuvamile izinyoni zehlathi magpie futhi goshawk : mncane ngamaphiko oyindilinga omfushane nomsila omude. Lezi zinyoni zihamba kahle phakathi kwezihlahla zehlathi, zinebhanoyi elihamba kahle. Kodwa-ke, maqondana nokusetshenziswa kokudla okuhlukahlukene, imilenze nezindebe zazo kuthuthukiswa ngokuhlukile. Hawk - inyamazane: izinyoni eziningi ezincane zisebenza njengexhoba lazo. Inemilenze eqinile, ihlomile ngezimpandla ezinamandla, i-hawk ibamba inyamazane, ngomlomo wayo ogobile ingawukhumbuli. I-magpie inobuhlalu obuncane obufana nesigaqa obusiza ukuthi idle izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla (ukuba omnivorous): ukuqoqa izithelo nembewu kusuka emhlabathini, ubambe izinambuzane, izibungu, ibhungane elikhulu, futhi ubambe negundane elincane.

Izinyoni zezikhala ezivulekile ngihlala emafiyeni, emaqeleni, ogwadule. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini, befuna ukudla phakathi kwezitshalo. Zinemilenze eqinile nentamo ende, ezivumela ukubona isitha kude. Omunye wabamele izifunda ze-steppe zezwe lethu isiqhwaga . Le nyoni enkulu enesisindo esingu-15-16 kg, idla ikakhulukazi ngokudla kwezitshalo. Iba nombala ovikelayo, imvamisa ifihla phakathi kwezimila, ingabonakali ngokuphelele. I-Nest ihlela emhlabathini, ezindaweni zesigaba sentombi. Amathiphu luhlobo lwe-brood. Ngenxa yokulima kwama-steppes ezintombi, inani lama-bustards lehle kakhulu, futhi lifakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia.

Izinyoni ezivula isikhala esivamile izintshe .

Izinyoni zamanzi ukubhukuda kahle, dive okuningi. Banomzimba ofana nowesikebhe othambile, ulwelwesi ezinyaweni zabo, futhi imilenze yabo inyakaziswa emuva emuva Ahambahamba emhlabeni, edangele, edonsa, ene-gait gait. Amapayipi awugqinsi nezinto ezingaphenduki zamanzi: ukumanzisa izimpaphe kuvinjelwe ukukhipha i-coccygeal gland, lapho izinyoni zigcoba khona i-plumage ngokucophelela. Abamele i-waterfowl - amadadagooseswans .

Ummeleli ojwayelekile we-waterfowl - duck mallard ukudla emanzini angajulile. Emaphethelweni oqhwaku lwayo olubanzi olubanzi kukhona izindondo zophondo. Uma ukuvalwa okungaphelele kwemihlathi ngokusebenzisa ithanga elenziwa ngama-clove, amadada ahlunga amanzi, ashiye izinto zokudla emilonyeni yawo: ama-crustaceans, izibungu zezinambuzane, inhlanzi encane nezingxenye zezitshalo. UMallard udla ekujuleni kolwandle. Kwesinye isikhathi, wehlisela ikhanda lakhe emanzini, ephenduka futhi edalula ingemuva lomzimba emanzini, uqoqa kusuka phansi futhi ahlunge ukudla. Izindunduma zakha izidleke emhlabathini phakathi kwezitshalo. Imikhono yesidleke kungukuphela kwayo izimpaphe zayo ezikhiwe esifubeni nasiswini. E-clutch amaqanda ayi-8-14. Amathiphu luhlobo lwe-brood.

Izinyoni zezigodi zamachibi namachibi phila osebeni lwamachibi nemishayo, unezici eziningi ezivamile zesakhiwo. Zinemilenze emide emincane nentamo, uqhwaku olukhulu. Ezindaweni eziwugwadule, umzimba wazo, ophakeme ngaphezu komhlaba, awumanzi. Zidla ngamasele, inhlanzi, izinambuzane, izikelemu, ama-mollusks. Ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinamawa nangaphansi kogu, abamba inyamazane ngomlomo, njengama-tweezers. Lezi izingwamza, imifino, izinyoni . Iningi lazo lidla osebeni, hhayi kude namanzi, abanye bahlela izidleke ezihlahleni. Sekuyisikhathi eside izingulube zihlala eduze kwabantu. Abantu bayabanakekela ngokuhlela amapulatifomu ezidleke.

Izinyoni zasolwandle - iziginci, imikhawulo efile, izinyoni zasolwandle - Ifomu izimakethe zezinyoni emaweni. Zenzelwe ukuntanta phezulu ngaphezu kolwandle.

Amaqembu emvelo yezinyoni ngezindawo ezidlekayo

Kunamaqembu amahlanu ezinyoni esewonke. izindawo ezidlekayo. Umehluko omkhulu kuphela ngesimo esidlekeni lapho kuhlala khona lezi nyoni:

• Izinyoni ezidlekayo bakhe izidleke zabo, njengoba igama lisho, umqhele wezihlahla ( I-Orioles, glare ).
• Izinyoni zeShrub beka izidleke zabo eduze noma ehlathini uqobo ( UWren, uRobin ).
• Ground nesting thatha isinqumo sokubeka isidleke sazo phansi ( izintambo, izikebhe, ukushaqeka, iziqaqa zasolwandle ).
• Izinyoni eziyize phila ngokuqondile emigodini ( ama-woodpeckers, i-tits, ama-pikas, ama-flytraps ).
• Neqembu lokugcina lezinyoni,imisele (ukugwinya kogu, okudla izinyosi, abadobi bezinyosi), uhlala emiseleni, ngaphansi komhlaba.

Amaqembu emvelo wezinyoningohlobo lokudla

Ngalesi sisekelo, amaqembu amane ahlukile. Abamele ngamunye wabo badla uhlobo oluthile lokudla:

• Izinyoni ezingasebenzi (isb. amathis noma pikas ) zibe nemilomo emincane ekhombe ngenxa yokuthi ingadonsa isisulu sazo emaqabungeni noma isuse emigqeni emincane.
• Izinyoni ezimhloshanakufaka phakathi granvorous (isb. i-greenfinch ) ube nesibalo esinamandla somlomo abangakudabula igobolondo eliminyene lesithelo. Futhi iziphetho ezibukhali zoqhwaku zingisiza ukukhipha imbewu ezihlahleni zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene.
• Izinyoni ezidla inyama (isb. ukhozi ) ukondla, wondla izinyoni ezincane eziningi. Zinemilenze eqinile enezandla ezinamandla, ngenxa yokuthi ibamba inyamazane.
• Izinyoni ezi-Omnivorous (isb. magpie ) babe noqhwaku obunjwe ngesigaxa abasiza ukuba badle izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla.

Ama-Intivtivoresamathis, pika, makhosi, izinti inezindebe ezicijile ezithi zivumele ukuba zikhiphe izinambuzane emisebeni yegxolo, zibambe emaqabungeni, futhi zisuse esikalini se-cones. Imiphetho ebukhali neminwe emide ivumela lezi zinyoni ukuthi zihlale emagatsheni.

Iqembu lezinyoni ezikhethekile ezidla emoyeni - igwinya futhi ukujuluka . Bachitha cishe impilo yabo yonke esemoyeni, kusukela ekuseni kuze kuhlwe, beqoqa izinambuzane. Zinamaphiko amade, agobeke ngesikela. Uqhwaku luncane, futhi isigaba somlomo sikhulu, amakhona omlomo adlula ngamehlo. Ngomlomo ovuleke kakhulu, zibamba izinambuzane ezindizayo, kanti ubukhulu bawo busebenza ngomlomo bukhulisa amabhuleki asemakhoneni omlomo. Esimweni sezulu esomile esihle, izinambuzane zikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlabathi, kuthi lapho umswakama ukhuphuka, amaphiko ezinambuzane eba manzi, andize phansi ngaphezu komhlabathi. AmaSwallows nezimpungushe ziyazilandela, ngakho-ke ukundiza kwama-swows neswows kubikezela indlela yemvula.

Izinyoni zokusanhlamvu – i-greenfinch, ipiki, isihlahla se-oki . Zinezindebe ezinamandla, ezihlukanisa amagobolondo aminyene wezithelo. Ngakho isihlahla se-oki kuphula ngempumelelo izithelo eziqinile zezinyoni ne-cherry. Imikhawulo ebukhali yomlomo uwele iziqaqa vumela ukuba bakhiphe ngokungafanele imbewu kusuka ku-pine kanye ne-spruce cones.

Yiba nezimpawu ezijwayelekile abahlaseli. Zinemilenze emikhulu eqinile, ihlome ngezihlakala ezibukhali, ubuhlalu obunjengomgeqo. Lezi zibonakaliso zinawo abahlaseli besikhathi sasemini izinyoni izikhova futhi ama-shrikes ahlobene nezingoma zezingoma. Isisulu sezilwane eziningi ezidla izinyamazane yizilwane ezincane, abazifunayo zisuka kude, zindizela emasimini. Abanye abahlaseli babamba izinyoni ezincane, zidla izinhlanzi, izinambuzane ezinkulu. Izinyoni ezidla izindiza zindiza kahle, phakathi kwazo kukhona ukunyuka okude, ngokwesibonelo izimbunguluokhozi futhi izinsimbi . Ama-Falcons ajaha inyamazane emoyeni, khona-ke, uma ehudula kuyo, angafika ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-300 km / h. Zinezimpiko ezibukhali, ezigobile, zinikeza indiza ngokushesha.

Ukwakhiwa kwexhaphozi

Noma ulwandle, noma umhlaba, imikhumbi ayhambi ngomkhumbi, futhi awukwazi ukuhamba - nakhu indlela okwakhiwa ngayo isibhuku kubhuku elidala.

Ixhaphozi lingumphakathi owandile wemvelo ezweni lethu. Bheka imephu yaseRussia ebonakalayo: ukuthi indawo enkulu ihlala kuphi. Izaqathi, hummocks, amabhuzu, umhlanga, izihlahlana ezingandile.

Kwakhiwa kanjani ukubhukuda? Ngesinye isikhathi kwakukhona ichibi elincane kule ndawo elalingenamizi; amabhange alo asheshe agcwala umhlanga, amakati. Iminduze yamanzi neminduze yavela phansi. Minyaka yonke, izinhlanga nezinhlanga zazikhula, zivame kakhulu ukuphuma emabhange ziye emanzini, zihlanganiswe ngeziqu, zivala amanzi, ama-mosses ahlalwe esihlahleni, amunce umswakama namanzi amile. Kwadlula amashumi eminyaka, futhi izitshalo zalithumba ngokuphelele leli chibi futhi lavala amanzi. Minyaka yonke, amathikithi aba mkhulu. Futhi-ke ungqimba obukhulu lwakheka cishe phansi. Kungakho, lapho uhamba udlubhu, amagquma entwasahlobo, imilenze iyaqina, futhi, bheka, uzohluleka. Mhlawumbe ukugeleza kwehlathi bekugeleza kancane futhi kancane kancane kugcotshwe ngotshani ezindaweni eziphansi noma kushaye ukhiye kusuka emhlabathini bese kumanziswe yonke into ezungeze amanzi. Yile ndlela amabhange amanzi - amachibi - avele ngayo kulezi zindawo.

Izitshalo zokubhukuda

Amanzi amaningi - kusho ukuthi kwaqala ukukhula utshani nezihlahlana ezithanda umswakama, kanti nezilwane ezinezinyoni zihlala njengoba ubona kusihlwa nje. Ingaphezulu lamanye amaxhaphozi ambozwe kakhulu ngama-mosses. Ikakhulu amanzi amaningi akwazi ukudonsa i-sphagnum moss, okusho ngesiGrikhi "isiponji".

I-Sphagnum inamandla akhethekile okubulala amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, izinsalela zezinto ezifile azicutshungulwa ngokuphelele, ziqongelela ngaphansi kwengqimba ye-moss, i-condense, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwakhiwa i-peat - amaminerali avuthayo. Ubukhulu be-Peat bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3-4 noma ngaphezulu. Kukulesi sihlahla sokuphamba esiphilayo lapho kuhlala khona ezinye izakhamuzi zesibhukuda. I-Peat igcwele kakhulu amanzi, futhi ayiqukethe cishe i-oksijini yokuphefumula kwezimpande. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezimbalwa kuphela ezingakhula ezixhaphozini. Imvamisa, i-rosemary, sedge, kanye ne-cranberry zihlala kukhaphethi obukhulu be-moss (Fig. 3-5).

U-fig. 3. I-Ledum marsh (Umthombo)

Phakathi kwezitshalo zemashi, ama-cranberry ayaziswa kakhulu. Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu bekhetha le bhero ephulukisayo. Ngaphezu kwama-cranberry, amanye amajikijolo amnandi akhula ezixhotsheni: ama-blueberries, ama-Cloudberry.

Ezindaweni zokubhukuda, izitshalo ezinotshani ezinjengotshani bekotini, umhlanga, i-Tribus, umhlanga kanye ne-cattery modified (Fig. 7, 8)

IRogoz inamakhanda amakhulu ansundu amnyama asongwe ngokuqinile kusuka ezinwele ezingavuthiwe. Imbewu ivuthwa ngaphansi kwezinwele, ekwindla, lapho imbewu ivuthwa, izinwele zomile ngaphandle nekhanda ngokwalo likhanya kakhulu. Uzomlimaza futhi kukhanye nezimpukane eziluhlaza eduze kwakho. Ezinweleni zeparachute, imbewu yasekati isakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, amajezi okuphila enziwa ngalawa mafutha. Indwangu eyindilinga eyindilinga yenziwa kusuka esiqwini sokopishi.

Izitshalo ezingajwayelekile ziyatholakala nasezixhaphozini. ISundane ne-pemphigus yizitshalo eziyizidleke.

I-Dewdrop ibamba futhi idle izinambuzane. Izinambuzane ziyashesha futhi ziyashesha, lesi sitshalo singazisongela kanjani? Amacembe amancane esundw ambozwe ngezinwele ezincane namaconsi kashukela anamathela afana namazolo, yingakho lesi sitshalo sabizwa ngokuthi - sundew. Umbala ogqamile wamaqabunga namaconsi udonsela izinambuzane, kodwa lapho nje umiyane noma impukane ihlala esithelweni, inamathela kuso. Iqabunga licindezelwe, futhi izinwele zalo ezinamathele zincela wonke amajusi avela kulesi sinambuzane. Kungani ilanga laphenduka isitshalo esidla ezinye? Ngoba emhlabathini ompisholo ompofu awunazo izakhamzimba. I-sundew iyakwazi ukugwinya nokugaya omiyane abangama-25 ngosuku.

Ngendlela efanayo ubamba inyamazane ne-venus flytrap.

U-fig. 10. IVenus Flytrap (Umthombo)

Unamapheshana avala njengemihlathi lapho umuntu ethinta izinwele ebusweni bamaqabunga. Njengoba lezi zitshalo zivamile, kumele zivikelwe.

IPemphigus yaqhamuka nolunye ugibe, babiza lesi sitshalo ngokuthi ama-vesicles anamathelayo aluhlaza, amboze ngokuqinile isicaba sawo njengamahlamvu entambo (Fig. 11, 12).

U-fig. 11. Ama-Bubble wePemphigus (Umthombo)

U-fig. 12. I-Pemphigus (Umthombo)

Onke amaqabunga alesi sitshalo amanzi, azikho izimpande, kanti kuphela nesiqu esincane esinezimbali eziphuzi siphakama ngaphezu kobuso. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ama-bubble ekuzingeleni, futhi lolutshani budla izakhamizi zasemanzini: ama-crustaceans amancane, amabafu amanzi, izindunduma. Ibhamuza ngalinye liyisicupho esenziwe ngobuhlakani futhi ngasikhathi sinye isitho sokugaya ukudla. Umnyango okhethekile uvala i-bubble kuze kube yilapho isidalwa sithinta izinwele zale mbobo. Ngemuva kwalokho i-valve iyavula bese i-bubble ingene embonweni wokukhiqiza. Akusekho okungenzeka ukuthi uphume ku-bubble; i-valve, njengomnyango wekamelo, ivula iqonde ngaphesheya. Ngaphakathi kwe-bubble kukhona izindlala ezikhiqiza ujusi wokugaya ukudla. Kuleli jusi, inyamazane iyancibilika bese idonswa yisitshalo. I-Pemphigus imnandi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-20, ibhamuza lilungele ukuthwebula isisulu esisha.

Izilwane ezi Swamp

Izilwane zamachibi zazivumelanisa kanjani nokuphila ezindaweni ezinomswakama? Phakathi kwezakhamizi zasezixhaphozini, kuyaziwa isele. Ukuswakama kusiza amaxoxo ukugcina umzimba wawo uhlala esimanzi, futhi omiyane abaningi babanikeza ukudla. Ama-beaver, amagundane amanzi ahlala osebeni lomfula; umuntu angabona inyoka neqhubu legwababa.

Uke wezwa isisho esithi: “Wonke ama sandpiper ancoma ixhapho lakhe?” ISandpiper iyinyoni ethambile, efana nengwashi yolwandle. Le nyoni inenqwaba yezinsimbi ezivikelayo, enoqhwaku lwayo olude, itholakala kwisibungu sezinyamazane zomiyane abacashe lapho.

Imvamisa emaxhaphozini ungathola imidumba namakhakhayini, lezi zinyoni zinemilenze emide futhi emincane, lokhu kuzivumela ukuba zihambe odakeni olubandayo olunodaka ngaphandle kokuwela.

Ama-herons kanye nama-cranes adla amaxoxo, ama-mollusks, izibungu, eziningi emxholweni. Ama-partparges amhlophe athanda ukujabulela amajikijolo amnandi endaweni yokubhukuda, kanye nama-moose ne-roe dee njengezingxenye zezithelo zezitshalo.

Kusihlwa nobusuku, ukububula komuntu kufana nokubhonga kwenkunzi. Yini abantu abangazange nje bakutshele ngalokhu! Kufana nokukhala kwamanzi noma i-goblin yayilwa naye. Ngubani obhongayo futhi ahleke esixhaphozini? Inyoni encanyana enobukhulu obukhulu iyabhonga kabi kakhulu futhi iyabhonga.

I-bittern iyakhala kakhulu, isakaza amakhilomitha ayi-2-3 endaweni. IBittern ihlala emibhedeni yomhlanga, emhlanga. Izingela amaqhugwane ama-crucians, ama-perches, amaphayiphu, amasele kanye namadududu. Sekungamahora kungaphuzi ukuphuza endaweni engaphansi kwamanzi bese kungazelelwe iphonsa uqhwaku lwayo lubukhali njengensangu - kanti nenhlanzi ayikwazi ukuhamba. Uqala ukufuna okuncane kusixhanti - bese udlula. Uyophakamisa umlomo wakhe uqambe phezulu, welule intamo yakhe, futhi awusoze wahlukanisa nesixha sotshani obomile noma umhlanga.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukukhala okuncane ebusuku kusihlwa. Nansi inyoni yesikhova esidlengayo ihleli egatsheni. Cishe amasentimitha angama-80 ubude.

Lokhu ukuphanga ebusuku futhi akukho ukusindiswa kuye okungaba okwezinyoni noma ngamagundane. Ukuthi uhleka kakhulu ebhukudi lapho kuba mnyama.

Izakhamizi zezindawo ezinamakhaza kwesinye isikhathi ebusuku zingabuka umbono omangazayo, njengoba amalambu amaningi aluhlaza edansa esigangeni. Yini le? Abaphenyi abasafikanga esivumelwaneni ngalolu daba. Mhlawumbe lokhu kushayelwa umoya ixhaphozi. Amafu ayo azofika phezulu akhanyise emoyeni.

Imfihlo yamalambu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu besaba ukubhukuda.Bafuna ukudonsa futhi basebenzise umhlaba njengamadlelo namasimu, futhi ngalokho bacabanga ukuthi bayasiza indalo. Ngabe kunjalo? Ixhaphozi lisizakala kakhulu. Okokuqala, yindawo yokugcina amanzi emisha. Imifudlana egeleza ephuma ezixhotsheni idla imifula namachibi amakhulu. Emvuleni, amaxhaphozi ama-moss adonsa umswakama okweqile njengezipanji. Futhi eminyakeni eyomile bonga amanzi kusuka kumiswe ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa ngemuva kokudonswa kwezigxobo zemifula, imifula namachibi kuya kungashoni. IVasyugan swamp - enye yezindawo zokubhukuda ezinkulu emhlabeni, indawo yayo inkulu kunendawo yeSwitzerland.

U-fig. 19. I-Vasyugan swamp (Umthombo)

Itholakala phakathi kwemifula ye-Ob ne-Irtysh. UMfula iVasyugan udabuka kulesi sibhuku. Imifula enjengomfula iVolga, Dnieper, neMoskva nayo igeleza isuka ezixhaphozini. Okwesibili, amaxhaphozi angama izihlungi zemvelo ezinhle. Amanzi okuzo adlula emathangeni ezitshalo, ungqimba olubanzi lwe-peat futhi lukhululiwe othulini, ezintweni ezilimazayo, amagciwane athobekile. Amanzi ahlanzekile ageleza ayongena emifuleni esuka ezixhaphozini. Okwesithathu, izitshalo eziyizigaxa ezibalulekile zikhula ezixhotsheni: ama-cranberry, ama-Cloudberry, ama-blueberries. Ziqukethe ushukela, amavithamini, amaminerali. Izitshalo zemithi nazo zikhula ezixhotsheni. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi seMpi eNkulu yokuPhatha, i-sphagnum moss yayisetshenziswa njengengubo yokupholisa amanxeba ngokushesha. I-Dewdrop isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukubanda nokukhwehlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ixhaphozi liyindawo engokwemvelo yokuqamba Peat esetshenziswa kokubili njengowoyela kanye nomanyolo.

Okushiwo yinkanyezi

Khumbula: awukwazi ukusondela ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi kanye nezimayini ze-peat esixhaphozini! Lokhu kuyingozi enkulu.

Amabhere, izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle, umhlume, inyamazane yama-roe ziza ezixhotsheni, ezizitholela nokudla lapha.

Ixhaphozi liyingxenye efanayo yemvelo njengamahlathi nama-metadows, adinga nokuvikelwa. Ukubhujiswa kwamaxhaphozi kuzoholela ekushintsheni kwemvelo kuyo yonke iplanethi. Njengamanje, ukubhukuda kweRussia okuyi-150 kuthathwa njengokuvikelwa.

Isifinyezo

Namuhla esifundweni uthole ulwazi olusha mayelana nexhaphozi njengomphakathi wemvelo futhi wahlangana nezakhamuzi zalo.

Izinkomba

1. IVakhrushev A.A., UDanilov D.D. Umhlaba ezungeze 3. - M .: Ballas.
2. UDmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. Umhlaba ezungeze 3. - M: Ukushicilela Indlu "Fedorov".
3. IPleshakov A.A. Umhlaba ezungeze 3. - M: Ezemfundo.

Izixhumanisi ezingeziwe ezinconyelwe izinsiza ze-Inthanethi

Umsebenzi wasekhaya

1. Yini ixhaphozi?
2. Kungani amaxhaphozi angomiswa?
3. Yiziphi izilwane ezitholakala esigangeni?

Uma uthola iphutha noma isixhumanisi esiphukile, sicela usazise - yenza umnikelo wakho ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi.