Izidlakudla zasemini ezincane endliniI-Kestrel ejwayelekile iyisisulu esivame kakhulu. Lokhu ukukhala kwakhe okuyihlo "Kli-Kli-Kli-Kli" kuzwakala entwasahlobo emaphethelweni ehlathi. Kestrel esibona kaningi ngaphezulu kwensimu iphithizela endaweni eyodwa, kungathi imiswe entanjeni engabonakali. Ubukhulu benyoni enjuba. Upende kahle amathoni abomvu, abesilisa bahle kakhulu. Ama-nestlings athathwe esidlekeni asetshenziswa ngokuphelele ekudingisweni futhi asheshe abuthi.
IKestrel ingenye yezinyoni zethu eziwusizo kakhulu. Ama-kestrels ethu, alethwe ngamachwane asuka esifundeni saseStalingrad, akade akhunjulwa njengezinyoni ezihlekisayo nezihle. Sasibondla kakhulu inyama. Ngokusobala bayidle kalula kunabesilisa. Lapho amachwane ekhula, ahlala ndawonye endaweni yezindiza ehlukile. Izinyoni ezincane zazithanda ukudlala. Phakathi kokuvalelwe kuyo bekukhona isiqu sesihlahla. Ukuyisebenzisa, ama-kestrels aqala umdlalo wokufihla nokufuna. Omunye wayefihle ngemuva kwakhe, ebambelele ebhusha, futhi ehlafuna. Omunye wenze sengathi ufuna umngane wakhe. Wabe esephuthuma kuye ngokuzumayo: kwaqala ukujaha nokuqhamuka. Kwesinye isikhathi umdlalo wawukhathaza enye yezinyoni bese i-kestrel iwayeka, kanti enye iqhubeka nokuzijabulisa: ibambe isigaxa sefirili noma i-wand esiteji sezindiza, iphonse emoyeni, izame ukuyibamba ngomlomo wayo. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngobuningi obukhulu nokuxhuma kwenyoni. Iqhutshwe yisibonelo, inyoni ethulisiwe yathathwa ngomdlalo ofanayo. Babuye baphakamisa impikiswano ndawonye. Futhi, empeleni, kulezi zikhathi ama-kestrels abukeka njengokudlala ama-kittens kunezinyoni. Ukuzitholela i-kestrel, ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu kungenye yezinyoni zethu eziwusizo - abaqothula izinduku emasimini.
ISteppe kestrel yagcinwa isazi sezilwane uM.N. Kishkin. Uvele endlini eseduzane naseKustanay njengedlwana elincanyana elihlalisa phansi. Wayesuthiswa inyama (imvamisa kakhulu iwundlu) nezinambuzane ezinkulu (ikakhulukazi amabhungane namabhungane). Ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu yinyoni kwakuyi-pupae ye-euphorbiaceae, eyanikwa ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho okungenhla, i-kestrel idle nokunye okuningi.
I-Visuity ebonakalayo yezilwane ezihlaselayo ingahlulelwa ngendaba yomnikazi wale kestrel. Kwake kwenzeka inyoni, ehleli ophahleni lwegumbi, yabona impophoma i-Drosophila inyakaza etafuleni. Lesi sinambuzane sikhulu impela kunesibaya. I-kestrel yandizela phansi yachaya impukane ngesigaxa sayo, noma kunalokho, ngeminwe yayo yangena ku-cam.
UKestrel wayekuthanda kakhulu ukubhukuda esitsheni samanzi. Mayelana. lesi kube yisigameko esinyantisayo. Uprofesa oyimpandla ngokuphelele weza ukuhambela inkosi yakhe. Ibona indawo ecwebezelayo, inyoni yavele yandizela ekhanda lesivakashi futhi yaqala ukukhubazeka futhi yanikina amaphiko ayo, njengoba yenza lapho igeza. AmaKestrel ayenemikhuba eminingi ehlukahlukene. Okunye okungathandeki ukuthi inyoni yakhipha amapensela, amapeni, amabhulashi ezandleni zayo noma yababheka egumbini. Wantshontsha yonke into eyebiwe esihlahleni ngaphansi kophahla. U-MN Kishkin uthathe i-kestrel njenge "barometer" enhle kakhulu. Emahoreni ama-3-4 ngaphambi kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, waba ngubuthongo: wavala amehlo akhe, walala, futhi “wanikina ikhanda.”
Le kestrel yayihlala ekudingisweni, indiza ngokukhululeka kulo lonke igumbi, iminyaka engaphezu kwemine. Le nyoni ibilungile ngokuphelele futhi, empeleni, iyintandokazi yendawo yonke. Ushone ngesizathu esingajwayelekile ngokuphelele - wayedla ukhilimu omuncu kakhulu, ayemthanda kakhulu. I-autopsy yabonisa ukuthi le nyoni yawa ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwamathumbu, lapho ukhilimu omuncu wakhe khona ukhokho oqinile.
I-Kobchik yincane kunazo zonke, enhle kakhulu futhi, mhlawumbe, ewusizo kakhulu kwi-falcon yethu. Iduna linombala oshelelayo ngombala onama-paws abomvu akhanyayo ne-wax yomlomo. Insikazi ine amabele ahlukahlukene, i-grey emnyama ngaphezulu, amancanyana apendwe acishe afane, kepha alula. Amaduna abamba ngenkuthalo amagundane lapho kunenqwaba yawo. Kepha ukudla okuyinhloko nokujwayelekile yizinambuzane ezinkulu. Lawa ma-falcons, anendiza elula futhi esheshayo, ayibambe emoyeni noma nge-peck (isikhonyane, amabhungane) ezindlebeni zommbila enkundleni, indiza khona lapho. Izingane zidlangile ezweni lethu, kepha ziningi kuphela endaweni eseNingizimu. Lapha abenzi izidleke zabo, kodwa basebenzise amadala. Kodwa-ke, izidleke ze-magpie eningizimu ziphinda zitshintshe imigodi yezinye izidleke eziyize: izikhova zamahlathi kanye nabahlali, izigebenga, njll. Ngake ngahamba nezithuthi ezincane ezingaba yishumi nambili eziya eMoscow zivela emabhange e-Ilovli (isifunda sakwaDon), sisuka esifundeni iStalingrad. Babedingeka umsebenzi ocwaningweni lokundiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bengifuna ukubakhulula ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha. Mhlawumbe ngabe bazinza lapha.
Ezidlekeni zemilingo kwakuhlala ama-falcons amancane amaningi. Kepha kwakukhethwa amathoyizi kuphela - phansi noma ukuqala ukugqoka ngensiba (kwavela kamuva ukuthi owokuqala waba ngumbala ongenakuqhathaniswa kunowokugcina).
Amachwane afakwa ku-3-4 emabhokisini amade akhethekile anezikhala zensimbi ohlangothini olulodwa. Abahlali hhayi bomndeni owodwa, kodwa ngobudala. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-falconers kwakuyinyama eluhlaza, ababengazimisele kakhulu ukuyidla. Kwakudingeka ukuthi zizenzele isidleke ngezinambuzane: zidla isikhonyane ngokuhaha. Ondlunkulu basisindisile - sabheka inani labo lezolimo futhi savula amaphuphu amaningi, ngezinsuku ezithile - inqwaba. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bethu, empeleni, abazange balambe. Ngezikhathi ezithile, amaqanda amaqanda abunjiwe ayenikezwa inyama. Naphezu kokudla okunjalo okufananayo, izinyoni zethu zazivame ukukhula futhi zikhule. Sasibondla kathathu ngosuku. Amachwane asekhulile ayekhishwa emabhokisini lapho ayehlala khona, ngokuhamba ngezinyawo. Banikezwe ithuba lokugijima, base beyandiza. Ukuze bakwazi ukujwayela abantu, bababambe ngesandla.
Abesilisa bahanjiswa esiteshini semvelo saseBolshevskaya. Ubunzima bezinto zokuhamba kwaba ukuthi, belambile, amachwane amemeza amathuna angamashumi amabili. Babeshaywe ezinye izinyoni esasihamba nazo. Lapho nje kuphela ukuqala kokudla, ukukhala kwanda kakhulu. Njengoba kwathatha imizuzu eminingana, kwadingeka sigcine amachwane egumbini lokushisa lemoto. Ukusuka lapho abezwanga.
EBolshevskaya Biostation, ama-mares avele ngendlela engajwayelekile. Sifike siphume ngalolo suku kanye nehora lomgubho wokugubha usuku lwaso lokuzalwa. Izinyoni zazinokulimala kangangokuba nganquma ukuzisebenzisela i-hoax encane. Lapho umqondisi eqeda inkulumo yakhe, ngabonakala phambi kwetafula elinamandla, ngigqoke ikhethini elimnyama, emahlombe, ekhanda nasezingalweni - yonke indawo lapho kukhona khona izinto zokuthengisa. Ungawucabanga ngomsindo owaphakama etafuleni. Kepha abesilisa bebengenakungabazeki - omunye wabo wayehlanza, omunye aqala umdlalo nomakhelwane futhi wazama ukumbamba ngomlomo, owesithathu, omdala, wabona okuthile okuphawulekayo etafuleni, wandizela phansi, wangqongqoza ibhodlela lewayini, waphula ipuleti, ethukile, wabuyela ehlombe lakhe. Yonke inkampani, efaka ama-kestrel amabili namaqhubu amathathu echibi, yafakwa ezindlini ezinkulu zezindiza.
Izinyoni zethu, ngokungangabazeki, zahlukanisa kwabanye abantu wesifazane oweza nokudla futhi waba nabo isikhathi eside. Omunye wamanga amancanyana, owayesevele ebusika, ehlala efulethini lakhe, wayengenandaba nabo bonke abantu abangene egumbini, yize wayethatha ukudla kubo. Kodwa lapho nje umvakashi efika ekhaya evela emsebenzini, inyoni yashintsha, yandiza. Ngangihlala ehlombe lakhe futhi ngakhombisa ukujabula ngayo yonke impatho yakhe: wamemeza, wazicindezela esihlathini. Umfo wayehlala ehlombe lowesifazane amahora amaningi, ehamba naye esuka egumbini negumbi. U-Kobchikov ohlala esiteshini sezinto eziphilayo, wayevame ukuhamba ibanga. Zindiza ngendlela ebabazekayo, zidiliza umbani eduze kwendlu, kepha zazingamagwala futhi zingahambanga nokuphuma emzimbeni. Kwake kwaqhamuka umfo omncane owayethukile evela eceleni komuzi. Windizela emqheleni wesihlahla ngaphezulu kwezindiza wafihla lapho: umkhomo ongumbulala wamxosha. Ukuziphatha kwalaba besilisa kwakumangalisa kakhulu lapho, sebephumile, babuyela ekhaya beyodla isidlo sakusihlwa. Izinyoni zahlala ezihlahleni eziseduze kwe-aviary futhi zaqala ukukhala - zicela ukudla. Babengakaze bafise ukundiza phansi, noma ngabe bakhonjiswa iminyanya emnandi kakhulu evela emhlabathini. Kwakudingeka ngifaka isitebhisi esihlahleni bese ngihamba ngakusihlwa ngakunye. Eqonde phezulu, wagxuma ngokushesha esuka ebhungweni waya ehlombe noma ekhanda lowesilisa, wehla naye emhlabathini futhi wagabadela ngokudla.
Amabhungane amakhulu athunjiwe ayindlela yokudla yawo ayithandayo kwabathunjwa abathunjiwe, futhi noma yikuphi okunye, njengama-bronzes angadliwanga, kubonakala sengathi akuyona enye inyoni. UKobchik uthatha isinambuzane "ungene ekameleni", ngaphandle kokugoba, silethe kuqhwaku bese kuqala ukusula ekhanda, bese elytra namaphiko. Ngemuva kwalokho, le nyoni iqala ukucwilisa lesi sinambuzane ingaphakathi nangaphakathi umzuzu iphonsa, njengegobolondo elingenalutho, i-chitin edliwe kahle. Umugqa uthatha noma yikuphi ukudla ungene ku-cam, futhi lokhu kwenza inqubo yokuphakelwa ihlekise kakhulu.
I-Autumn ifikile. Izinja ezikanye naye zayiswa eMoscow, egumbini lokuhlinzwa, ukuze ziqhubeke nokusebenza nazo, ezinye zadedelwa endle. Empeleni, vele base bekhululekile, bavele bayeka ukubondla. Isikhathi eside lapho, amabhungu amancane andizela endlini. Babememeza, bebiza abantu, bahlala phansi efasiteleni futhi bangqongqoza engilazini ngemilomo yabo, bezama ukungena egumbini, abaliphatha kalula ehlobo, lapho amafasitela evulekile kakhulu. Izinja zasivakashela kancane, zabe sezinyamalala ngokuphelele. Besisazi isiphetho somunye wabo kuphela - “umzingeli” othile wamdubula (embala njengensangu!).
Incazelo yenja
I-Kobchik luhlobo oluhlukile emndenini we-falcon, yize ivame ukudidaniswa ne-falcon ne-kestrel. Umbala nokulingana kufana kakhulu. Umehluko kuphela ngosayizi. UKobchik uphansi kakhulu ezihlotsheni zakhe, ngobukhulu bomzimba nangamaphiko.
Kuyathakazelisa! Le nyoni yathola igama elithi "kobchik" igama lesiRussia elidala elithi "kobets". Ngaphansi kwalomqondo, ama-falconers ahlanganisa wonke ama-falcons amancane wokuzingela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama elidala lale nyoni lafudukela kwamanye amaSlavic laze lafika eYurophu. Igama lesiFulentshi lezinhlobo zale mini-falcon ngu "kobez".
Ukubukeka
I-feline encane ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-200 amagremu, ifinyelela ubude obungu-34 cm futhi ingaziqhayisa ngamaphiko angamasentimitha angama-75 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa balolu hlobo lwamadwala mncane kunabesifazane. Uqhwaku lwe-falcon luphawu lwenyoni edla inyama - eboshwe, kepha imfishane futhi ayinamandla njengaleyo yabazalwane emndenini. Iminwe kuma-paws nayo ayifani ngamandla nangamandla, izipikili zincane.
Kunengxoxo ekhethekile mayelana ne-plumage. Okokuqala, ayinzima i-fawn njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, nge-gyrfalcon noma i-peregrine falcon futhi ine- "isakhiwo" esimanzi. Okwesibili, umbala wale nyoni awuxhomeki ocansini kuphela, kepha futhi nobudala. Ngakho-ke, izimpungushe ezisencane zinama-paws aphuzi. Ku-orange (kwabesifazane) nokubomvu (emadodeni) kuphenduka kuphela uma inyoni iba umuntu mdala. Uqhwaku luphinde lube mnyama ngokweminyaka, lube kusuka kumnyama mpunga.
Abesilisa emadodeni “bagqoke” bucwebe ngaphezu kwabesifazane. Imibala eminingi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimpaphe zayo ezimnyama nezesikhumba esikhanyayo se-orange kanye “namaphaneli”. Abesifazane bancishwa "ama-blooms" akhanyayo. Amapayipi awo anombala onsundu ngokufana nangemichilo ehlanganisiwe emuva, amaphiko kanye nomsila. Imvelo yayijabulisa kuphela “izimpondo” ezimnyama eduze komlomo.
Kubalulekile! Ama-subspecies anezinyawo ezibomvu - i-Amur - ihlukaniswa ngemibala elula yeplamu kanye “nezihlathi” ezimhlophe.
Indlela yokuphila
Prefers mosaic biotopes nge-predominance yezindawo ezivulekile, endaweni yehlathi - imvelo ye-anthropogenic. Idla ikakhulu izinambuzane ezinkulu, ezibamba emoyeni nasemhlabathini. Ekudleni, izinkumbi, izintethe, udrako, ngezikhathi ezithile zidla ngamagundane amancane, izibankwa. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zihamba nezinkomo ezidla imfuyo, zibambe izinambuzane ezisaba izinkomo. Njenge-kestrel, ilenga emoyeni endizeni ehamba ngendiza. Ifika kusuka ebusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Ukufuya sekwephuzile; izidleke zandulelwa ukwenziwa okwenziwa emoyeni, okuvame ukuqoqwa.
Imvamisa imibhangqwana ihlala emabhande asehlathini, ezidlekeni zamagwababa, emilonyeni, ezingwebeni, esikhathini esiningi ayisebenzisi imisele emadwaleni, ezingubeni nasemigodini. Lapho i-falcon ijwayelekile, imvamisa yakha izidleke zemikhosi efinyelela emashumini namakhulu ngazimbili, ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yokuhlala noma elahliwe. Izindawo zokuhlala zingakha isizini eyodwa, futhi zingahlala iminyaka eminingana. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-6 wokugqwala noma umbala we-ocher, ukumiselwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-22-27, owesilisa nowesifazane bayashintshana ngokuhlukile. Isambatho sokuqala esinciphile samathoyizi simhlophe, okwesibili simhlophe ngombala. Amakati aphuma esidlekeni eneminyaka eyodwa yenyanga, akhule ngokobulili eneminyaka engaphansi konyaka. Izimpukane zokudla ubusika ngo-Agasti noma ngo-Septhemba, zifuduka zingene emaphaketheni, okuvamisile ukuthi zivame ukuba ngama-falcons.
Bahlala kuphi
Indawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa kwe-mare enezinyawo ezibomvu yindawo eyihlathi ye-Eurasia, kusukela eMpumalanga Yurophu naseBalkan peninsula entshonalanga kuze kufike esisekelweni soMfula iVilyui, uMfula iLena kanye nogu lweLake Baikal empumalanga. Ngasempumalanga kuhlala izinhlobo ezihlobene ne-falcon encane - i-Amur falcon encane.
Imidlwane izinyoni ezifudukayo. Ebusika, athuthela eningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika, futhi eningizimu ye-Asia. Indiza ihlala yenziwa emhlambini omkhulu, ngokungafani nabanye abamele umndeni we-falcon.
Abesilisa abajwayelekile bavame ukuhlala ezidwabeni ezishiywe dengwane noma ezingamashumi amane, kuvame ukungabi semigodini, emigodini nasezinkalweni. Izinyoni zakha amakoloni amakhulu anamabili ngazimbili. Kusukela ezindaweni zobusika babuyela ngoMeyi, bese bemuka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Abafuyi bezinyawo ezinobomvu bazala sekwephuzile, njengoba isikhathi sokudlekwa kwabo sihlobene kakhulu nesikhathi sokuzalela isikhonyane nezinye izinambuzane.
Umsoco
Njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni wabo, lezi zinyoni zingabazingeli, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlaba umxhwele, zimane nje azinalo ithuba, ngakho-ke zikhetha inyamazane encane. Zidla izinambuzane ezinkulu, ngokwesibonelo, ama-dragonflies, azingelwa ukundiza aphansi.
Ngaphezulu komhlaba, ukudla okwanele kuyabajikeleza ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Emzamweni wokubamba izisulu zakhe, lo mbala ubabamba khona lapho endibeni ngomlomo waso. Amabhungane, isikhonyane nezinhlanga - izidalwa, ezibuye zibalwe njengabazingeli abanemikhono, zibamba ngqo lezi zinsimbi zazo kusuka emhlabathini.
Izinyamazane ezinjengalezi futhi zihlasela izinyoni ezincane, amajuba, ondlunkulu nezinye izinyoni ezifanayo ziba yizisulu zazo. Amaphaphu adla izinduku, adla amagundane nezinye izidalwa ezincane, izibankwa, ojingijolo, lapho esebonile ukuthi wehla kanjani lapho abaleka.
Amanga anjalo, noma emincane, awawona amagwala nhlobo. Amacala ayaziwa lapho ama-falcons ehlasela izinyoni ezinkulu kunawo, yize lezi zehlakalo zingenzeki nsuku zonke. Izazi zemvelo zithi zingofakazi bokuhlaselwa okunje. Sike sabona, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi umuntu omncane omncane wenza kanjani umzamo we-heron. Kodwa hhayi ukuze adle ngaye, kodwa ngethemba lokuhlala esidlekeni sakhe.
Ngesikhathi sokukhuliswa kwezingane, lokho kudla okunemibala kudinga kakhulu ukondla amazinyane ayo. Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyamazane ngesikhathi sasemini, ngokungafani namawa amaningi. Ngendlela, imisebenzi yabo yalolu hlobo iletha izinzuzo ezinkulu.
Usizo lwezinyoni kwezolimo, ngakho-ke kuso sonke isintu, kunzima ngempela ukuludla ngokweqile. Unyaka nonyaka, babhubhisa kakhulu emasimini izindimbane eziningi zezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ukuzala
Ama-Falcons alezi zinhlobo andiza ezindaweni ezinobisi ngoMeyi. AbakwaKobchiki abalokothi bakhe izidleke ngokwabo, kodwa bamane bahlala ezindlini ezishiywe dengwane. Baphinde basebenzise nezihlahla eziyize ukuze benziwe umenzi. AmaKobchiks ahlala ezikoloni ezincane.
I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-3-4, kepha kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda angaba yi-7-8. Kokubili okwensikazi nowesilisa kuyabandakanyeka ekufashweni. Le nqubo ithatha amasonto ama-4.
Izinyoni ezincane ziqala ukundiza inyanga emva kokuzalwa, lo mzuzu uwela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ukuqala kukaJulayi. Abazali bondla amasheya amancane amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho izinyoni ziqala impilo yokuzimela.UKobchik ushiya izindawo ezidleke ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Lezi zinyoni zindiza ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi sendiza, bahlala bakhihla isililo esifushane. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila endle yiminyaka eyi-15-17. Ama-long-livers aphila iminyaka engama-25.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- Lezi zidlova ziphila iminyaka eyi-12-16, futhi zithunjiwe - zaze zafika ku-18. Izakhamizi zase-Afrika ezifuywayo, zibutha imihlambi emincane iminyaka eminingi. Izinyoni azisasuki ezindizeni ezidlekayo. Babamba izinambuzane, amagundane nezinye izinambuzane emasimini abanini bazo, ngale ndlela, bekhulisa umkhiqizo.
- Amadlwane ahlala emaphaketheni, abesilisa basiza insikazi ngenkathi kuthungwa amaqanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunzima kakhulu ukubamba. Izinyoni zihlala zizolile futhi zinokuthula, zinikeze zingcolile futhi zilalele umnikazi wazo. Kuphela ngenxa yothando lokundiza kuvame ukundiza kumnikazi. Ezinsukwini zakudala, amaphiko awo ayesikwa ukuze angakwazi ukundiza kude. Kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, bekunamanye amacala lapho abantu bencelisa inyoni, bayidedele indize, bese indiza ibuyela emuva inyamazane.
- Lezi zilwane ezincane ezihlaselayo zivame ukuhlasela enkulu kangako, ngokuziqhathanisa nazo, inyoni, njenge-heron. Kodwa-ke, lokhu abakwenzi ngenhloso yokwenza imali naye, kodwa ukuze bathathe isidleke sakhe.
- Izinyoni zisiza kakhulu ekwandiseni izinambuzane emhlabeni wezolimo, zizicekela phansi futhi, “ngokwenza kanjalo” zipholisa insimu.
- Le nyoni edla inyama ihlala iqaphile futhi yesaba abantu. Eduze kwakhe, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu. Uma lo mfo omncane ebheka ukuthi kukhona okumsongelayo, kuzosetshenziswa izigaxa ezibukhali nomlomo onzima.
Namuhla, la maphutha aqoshwe ku-Red Book. Le nhlobo iya ngokuya ivama, inesimo sokuba "sesimweni esiseduze nokusongelwa," futhi idinga ukuvikelwa. Inani lezinja ezibomvu lihlala lincipha njalo. Ukuzingela lezi zinyoni ngenani elikhulu lamazwe kuvinjelwe ngumthetho. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kwezolimo kulungele ukunciphisa inani labo. Indawo yabo yokudla iyancipha, ngenxa yalokhu ukukhiqizwa kwezinyoni nakho kuyahlupheka. Ukuvikela i-falcon, kuyadingeka ukwenqabela ukugawula izihlahla ezinkulu eziqongweni zezigodi zemifula, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo zabantu basemakhaya. Khomba izindawo zokuhlala, dala izindawo zokuhlala zasendle ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokulondolozwa kwe-falcon encane.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inyoni ye-falcon?
UKobchik ungowabameleli abancane bomndeni, ubude bomzimba wakhe buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-28 kuya kwangama-34.
Amaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-69-77, futhi ubude sephiko ngamasentimitha angama-22-35. Lezi zinyoni zinesisindo, ngokwesilinganiso, amagremu ayi-130-200. Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane.
Amanga amancanyana angawamadokodo amancane.
I-feline inomlomo omfishane. Izinzwane zibuthakathaka ngemikhono emincane, okuyinto engajwayelekile kuma-falcons. Abesilisa banenqwaba yemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe ezi-Steering zimnyama. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ephethe ngaphansi ibomvu ngokugqamile. Abesifazane, njengomthetho, banombala onsundu grey, kuyilapho emuva ihlotshiswe ngemivimbo. Kunemisuka emide esiswini.
Ezilwane ezincane, umbala uhlukile ngokuphelele kumbala wabantu abadala. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, umhlane wabo umnyama onsundu, futhi umsila uphelele ngemivimbo eguqukayo.
Abesilisa bayizisebenzi zasensimini: babamba izinduku eziyingozi.
Uqhwathu unombala ogqamile, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uba mnyama. Eduze kwamehlo kunezindandatho eziphuzi ezithola ithoni ebomvu ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Izinyawo ezincane ziphuzi. Emadodeni amadala, imilenze ibomvu, kuthi kwabesifazane abadala babe yi-orange.
Ukuziphatha kwe-feline emvelweni kanye nokudla kwayo
Izingane zizingela ntambama. Isisekelo sokudla izinambuzane. Amanga amancanyana awabamba emhlabathini noma awabambe emoyeni ngama-paws awo. Izibani namagundane amancane kuwele nakuzoqhwaku zabazingeli abanezinwele. Ama-felts amancane abulala nezinye izinyoni.
Lawa ma-falcons abheka inyamazane ukundiza ngenhla komhlaba. Lapho ibona izinambuzane ezinkulu noma amagundane emoyeni, inyoni iqala ukushaya amaphiko ayo ngamandla, ngakho-ke iqhuma endaweni yayo. Ngemuva kwalokho iwela phansi ibambe inyamazane. Uma isisulu sizama ukucasha, inja imlandela.
I-falcon encane inyoni edla inyama.
Inzuzo ye-feline nosayizi wabantu
Izinja ezincane zabantu zilusizo kakhulu ngoba ziqothula izinambuzane eziyingozi, ezifaka isandla ekugcinweni kwesilimo. Lawa ma-falcons amancane aletha inzuzo ethile ngesikhathi sokwanda okubukhali kwenani lamagundane.
Kuze kube manje, inani labantu abahamba ngezinwele ezibomvu bebelokhu lincipha ngokuqinile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi abantu okunisela amasimu kudlala indima enkulu kulokhu. Indawo yokudla yama-falcons nayo incishisiwe kakhulu, engakwazi, ngeke ibe nomthelela omubi emphakathini.
Izingane zisencwadini ebomvu, ngoba le nhlobo idinga ukuvikelwa kakhulu.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Okunye ukunikezwa:
Ukudoba ngenduku yokudoba
Ukudoba kwama-Gum
Ukudoba izindandatho
Ukudoba kweMug
Izilwane zesifunda Saratov
Kobchik (lat. Falco vespertinus) - uhlobo lwenyoni edla inyama yezinhlobo zohlobo oluthile lwenyoka. Izilwane ezivamile, ezivamile ezidlekayo. Ukuhlangana kwale falcon kuyaziwa kusuka kuzo zonke izifunda zesifunda, noma kunjalo, lo mbala obomvu uzala kanye kanye. Le nyoni yathola igama elithi "kobchik" igama lesiRussia elidala elithi "kobets". Ngaphansi kwalomqondo, ama-falconers ahlanganisa wonke ama-falcons amancane wokuzingela. I-falcon encane, ngokulingana nokuziphatha okufana ne-kestrel, kepha kunamaphiko amakhulu. Enye yezinyoni ezimbalwa zezinyamazane ezihlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kanye ne-kestrel ejwayelekile ne-capelin, yakha isisekelo sezinyoni zezindawo zokuhlala ezinendawo yokuhlala izakhiwo ezinamadolobha ezinamasango amaningi nezakhiwo ngazinye, amapaki amadolobha eSaratov. I-kobchik ivame ukuqashelwa esidlekeni esiseSaratov uqobo, lapha, kanye ne-kestrel ejwayelekile, iyona ebusa kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, zibiza ama-69,5% (esikhathini esidlekayo) no-74.8% (ngokwesikhathi sokufuduka okungatheni) sobuningi besibalo sabantu izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ubuningi obukhulu obubhalwe umugqa emikhawulweni yedolobha ngu-2.6 ind./km2.
I-Kobchik luhlobo oluhlukile emndenini we-falcon, yize ivame ukudidaniswa ne-falcon ne-kestrel. Umbala nokulingana kufana kakhulu. Umehluko kuphela ngosayizi. UKobchik uphansi kakhulu ezihlotsheni zakhe, ngobukhulu bomzimba nangamaphiko. Ubude bezinyoni obuyi-28- 33 cm, ubude bamaphiko ngo-23- 35 cm, ngamaphiko ama-cm 65-77 cm, isisindo esingu-130-197 g. Ube mfushane, buthaka. Esiduna sinombala omnyama (cishe omnyama) obomvu ngokungabonakali, obomvu kanye no “bhulukwe”. Insikazi ine-grey grey enomugqa oguqukayo emuva, amaphiko kanye nomsila, izigaxa ezinde esibelethweni, amadevu amnyama. Izinyoni ezincane zinsundu ngombala omhlophe ngaphansi kwemifudlana emide. Le mini-falcon ibizwa nge- “falcon”, kepha kukhona elinye igama - i- “red-legged falcon”, ngenxa “ebhulukwe” eli-orange eliqhakazile namaphawu wombala obomvu noma obomvu. Ama-paws, i-waxen kanye nendandatho ezungeze iso ezinyoni kubomvu noma ku-orange, kumncane - kuphuzi. Izipikili zimhlophe qwa. Uthingo lumnyama onsundu. Ngenxa yamaphaphu angajwayelekile ale nhlobo eyimfihlakalo, le nyoni yahlonishwa abapristi abangamaqaba. Kusukela kusikhumbuzo, abantu abavamile baveze ama-mares ukusiza ukusindisa izilimo ekuhlaselweni yisikhonyane nezinye izinambuzane zezolimo. Vota. Kuphakama noma kukha phezulu "Futhi yinde" izintambo, izinkomba, izinkomba. ".
Ukuhlangana kwale falcon kuyaziwa kusuka kuzo zonke izifunda zesifunda, noma kunjalo, lo mbala obomvu uzala kanye kanye. Izindawo zokuhlala ezizinzile kakhulu ziyaziwa esifundeni saseVolga, lapho emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edluleyo akuzange kube nokwehliswa okukhulu kwesibalo sazo. Ngokuphathelene neBhange Lokunene, ukuthambekela kokwehla okuthile kobuningi bezinhlobo kubonakala kakhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1970. Kuze kube manje, izindawo zokuhlala ezisebhange kungachazwa njengejwayelekile, kepha zigxile.
Kutholakale izidleke eziningana ehlathini le-oki eceleni komfula. B. Irgiz eduze ne. I-Tavolozhka yesifunda sasePugachevsky, ikoloni lemilingo emincane yamabangana amaningana aziwa endaweni. Usatovo, Isifunda saseKrasnokutsky, izidleke ezingama-8 ezindlini ezindala eziseduzane nasechibini eliseceleni kwe-s. Umbhali. Ehlathini laseDyakovsky uqobo, izidleke ze-falcon ikakhulukazi ngamabili ahlukene. Ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yalezi zinyoni zezidleke eziyi-14 ezigcinwe ezindlekweni ezindala zama-magpie yaqoshwa emasimini asehlathini eduze komfula. E-Bizyuk, kunezinto ezinokwethenjelwa mayelana neqoqo lezidleke (cishe ngamabili angama-30) zamanga esigodini somfula. IVolga phakathi kwamadolobhana uN. Bannovka neBeloglinsky.
Imvamisa ungathola izidleke ezihlanganyelanayo zamadoda nezinselo. Isibonelo, ngokuya ngokubalwa komzila ogwini lwamachibi wohlobo lwensimu esifundeni saseFedorovsky, inani labantu baseSexon abasebasha emakholoni axutshwe nezimbambo lalingu-1,2 pax / km ogwini.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphakathi kwe-Prieruslan steppe, isisekelo sokudla kwezinyoni sakhiwa izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ezinamaphiko kanzima (60% yamacala) nama-orthopterans (3%). Okwamanje, umugqa ungabamba izilwane ezincelisayo, osayizi bazo bakhulu kakhulu - ama-squirrel amancane amancane (20%) nama-steppe pies (45%). Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni njalo (10%) zibamba amagundane ezindlu, izibankwakazi ezinamaqhubu nezinsundu ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Ezinyoni zisebenzisa ikakhulu ondlunkulu, kepha zingakwazi ukushayela inyoni enkulu, njengejuba. Zizingela ntambama, ngokungafani negama lesiLatini elithi "vespertinus" - "kusihlwa". Nakekela inyamazane kobochki evela emoyeni. Bebona ilitshe, baqala ukushaya amaphiko abo ngamandla, okwenza umphumela wokuntanta endaweni eyodwa. Lapho-ke inyamazane enamatshe enamatshe iwele phansi ibambe inyamazane. Uma ilitshe linganikezwanga ekuhlanganeni okokuqala, umugqa uyawusukela, ubamba phansi.
I-Kobchik iyinyoni enenhlalo, okungeyona ejwayelekile kuma-falcons. Zodwa, lezi zinyoni azihlali, ikakhulukazi emakholoni, ziningi impela - kufika kumabili ngazimbili. Kepha kulapho-ke kuphela khona “ukuzibandakanya” kwabesilisa. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni ezihlala emihlanjini, amaduna awanamatheli ezihlotsheni nasezidlekeni, yize esenomqondo wokuzibophezela kulowo “oshade naye” oqandusela amaqanda.
Izinja azenzi izidleke. Lawa ma-mini falcons awakhi. Ngaphandle kokuhlupha ngomsebenzi wokwakha, bakhetha ukuhlala izidleke zabanye abantu. Kaningi kunalokho, lokhu kuyizinto ezilahliwe noma izidleke zokugwinya, amajuba kanye nezimpethu. Uma kungekho, khona-ke, njengendlu yesizini, umfo angakhetha umgodi noma umgodi.
Izindiza ziye kumasayithi wokudlela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Ihlala izidlekeni zamahlathi kuphela: amahlathi angenamvula, izihambi ezindala, amapaki nezingadi zezindawo zokuhlala. Imvamisa ihlala eduze namachibi, kuhlala izidleke ezindala zamaqhude noma izimpungushe ezingwevu. Ingakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eseduze nezidleke zezinye izidleke. Ukuzala kabusha kuqala esikhathini esithile esidlule kunezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, ngenxa yesikhathi sokubukeka kwezinambuzane ezinkulu. Ngaphakathi kwe-Prieruslan steppe esifundeni saseKrasnokutsk naseRivne, ukubekwa kweqanda kuqala ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokugcina zikaMeyi. Kwatholakala isidumbu samaqanda amasha ama-4 IKochumbetova esifundeni sasePerelysky. Maphakathi no-Agasti, izinyoni ziqala ukufuduka okuyinqaba, futhi zitholakala emasimini (esifundeni saseKrasnokutsky), eduze kwamachibi (idolobhana laseNovouspenka lesifunda saseKrasnopartizansky), eduzane nemizana (edolobhaneni laseDyakovka), ekubambeni indawo, njll. Amaviki ambalwa ngemuva kokuqala Izinyoni eziyizidudla ezinamahloni ziyandiza, okuvame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Izimpungushe ezincane zindizela ezindaweni zokugcina izidleke ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngenhloso kuphela yokushiya inzalo yazo. Behla baye ebhizinisini ngokushesha nje lapho befika. Isikhathi sokuzalela sifushane - imidanso embalwa yowesilisa ophambi kowesifazane ukuheha ukunaka kwakhe futhi manje usevele uhleli emaqanda. Ukuqaqamba komuntu omncane kufinyelela kumaqanda angama-5-7. Amaqanda ukufanisa le nyoni - amancane, abomvu ngamachashazi amnyama. Inqubo yokuqandusela amaqanda ihlala inyanga - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, njengomthetho, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwa. Amaqanda ama-hatch amaduna nawesifazane, eshintsha izindima. Ngenkathi omunye evikela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, omunye athola ukudla. Am amaphuphu amancane asanda kukhula akhula futhi avuthwe ngokushesha. Inyanga nesigamu ngemuva kokuzalwa - maphakathi noJulayi - vele bathatha iphiko bashiye isidleke sabazali. Kumaviki amabili kusabathatha ukuthola ukuzethemba ngamakhono abo njengomzingeli futhi azi nobuciko bendiza. Amachwane akhule ngalesi sikhathi awandizeli kude nesidleke sawo sabazali, futhi nabazali bawo ayabondla. Kepha maphakathi no-Agasti, amalungiselelo amakhulu asevele aqala ukundiza ende ezayo ezindaweni zokuhlala zobusika. Umhlambi ushiya isidleke ekugcineni kwengxenye yokuqala kaSepthemba. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhula okuncane sekukhule - amalungu agcwele futhi azimele ngokuphelele wepakethe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le nyoni ayinazitha ezinkulu zemvelo. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani le-falcon encane liyancipha minyaka yonke. Inani labantu abancane le-mini-falcon lilinyazwa ukusetshenziswa kwalo okulinganiselayo nokungalawulwa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ukucubungula amasimu wezolimo. Hhayi izinambuzane eziyingozi kuphela ezishabalalayo, kodwa futhi nama-mini-falcons, azidla ngokuzidla.
Endle, isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuphila kwe-falcon sikhawulelwe eminyakeni eyi-12 kuye kweli-15. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sandiswa saba iminyaka engama-20 ngisho engama-25.