Idada ledada uhlobo lwamadada asekhaya aphakathi nendawo aqala e-United States. Yasungulwa maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye futhi yayingumhlobo othandwa kakhulu. Lo mfuzo uqanjwe ngeLake Cayuga, elisentshonalanga yeNew York. Ngokwe-American Livestock Service, la madada ahlukaniswa ngokuthi “asongelwa,” yize ukuthandwa kwawo kukhula ngokushesha.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Duck Cayuga
Kunomlando omude wokwenza lo hlobo. Kukholakala ukuthi i-duck cayuga yayizalwe isuselwe esiphambanweni esiphakathi kukadayi eBlack East Indies kanye nedada laseRouen. Umhlambi wamadada we-kayuga udabuka kumabili amadada asendle umzingeli oseCentral Duchess, eNew York, awathola echibini lakhe lokugaya ngo-1809. Kepha lo mbiko awunembile ngokomlando futhi empeleni uyirekhodi ledada elivela kwaGadwall. Umbono ongokomlando eNew York ngukuthi i-coyuga yaqhamuka ezinkungwini zamadada asendle akulesi sifunda, kepha abukho ubufakazi obuphathekayo obutholakele esikhathini sethu ukusekela umbono.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ibukeka kanjani idada?
ICayuga Duck inyoni ephakathi nendawo. Kulula ukuveza uphawu ngoqhwaku olumnyama ne-plumage emnyama, okuluhlaza okotshani ongafakwanga ukukhanya okulungile. Izinsikazi zithola amabala amhlophe ezimpaphe zazo ngonyaka wesibili olandelayo. Amadada ayamangaza kakhulu ukubona elangeni. Imilenze noqhwaku lwamadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imvamisa zihlala ziqondile ngentamo ende. Zinamehlo amnyama ansundu, kanti amantshontsho e-kayuga anephunga elimnyama. Isisindo somzimba esijwayelekile silinganiselwa ku-3.6 kg, kanti amadada anesisindo esimaphakathi mayelana ne-3,2 kg.
Isizathu esisodwa amadada angahlala egcwele emanzini yingoba ama-sacs omoya asemizimbeni yawo, akhulisa ukuzikhandla kwawo. Izimpaphe zamachashazi e-kayug abamba umoya phakathi kwabo, okungezinye izinto ezibasizayo ukubhukuda. Izimpaphe zazo nazo zihlanganiswa nento engavikelekiyo egcina amadada efudumele futhi omile. Izinyawo zamadada ezi-webed zivumela ukuthi zingene kalula emanzini.
Amadada amaningi angabashayeli bezindiza abahle kakhulu ngenxa yemizimba yabo ehlelekile, amaphiko anamandla namathambo angenalutho, anobunzima obungaphansi kwamathambo anzima ezilwanyana ezincelisayo. Ngaphandle kokuthi amadada e-kayuga awandiza kahle ngenxa yemizimba yawo emikhulu futhi esindayo, anamaphiko aqinile namathambo angenalutho, abonakala kwezinye izinhlobo zamadada.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amadada kaKayug awanawo amazinyo, kepha anemiphetho engalingani emilonyeni yawo ebasiza ukuba bahlunge ukudla kuphume emanzini. Lapho-ke ukudla kuyagwinywa bese kuguguleka engxenyeni yesisu, equkethe amatshe amancane okuqeda ukudla.
Manje uyazi ukuthi idada libukeka kanjani. Sibona ukuthi le nyoni ihlala kuphi.
Ihlala kuphi idada cayugu?
Isithombe: bird Duck Cayuga
Idada likaCayuga liwukuphela kwezinhlobo zikadayi wasekhaya owasungulwa e-United States. Kuqala, le nhlobo yafuyiswa enyakatho neNew York ngawo-1800s, kwathi ngemuva kwesikhathi indlovukazi yedada yathandwa kulo lonke elaseNew England. Kepha amadada amnyama e-kayuga anezimpaphe eziluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlotshiswe ngamatshe ayigugu ajulile alahlekelwe ukuthandwa eminyakeni engama-20 edlule ngenxa yokuthengiswa kwezinkinga zezinkukhu nezamadada asekhaya.
Amadada asendlini aseKayuga adinga indawo yokukhosela emoyeni nasemvuleni, ukufinyelela ekudleni nasemanzini nasekuvinjelweni ukuze awagcine esendaweni evulekile. Amadada weKayuga adinga uthango oluphansi kuphela ngenxa yekhono lawo lokundiza elinganiselwe. E-zoo yamadada, i-kayug igcinwa echibini elizungezwe izihlahla nezihlahla ezisebenza njengesiphephelo sazo.
Amadada kaKayuga adinga amanzi ukuze angaguli ngepeni elimanzi lapho indlala yokuhlanza yoma. Amanzi nawo ayabavimbela ekutholeni izinambuzane, ezinjengamikhaza, amazeze, izintwala, njll. Noma iziphi izinyoni eziqukethwe umhlambi kufanele zikhiqizwe amanzi emzimbeni. Yize amadada e-kayuga engavamisile kulokhu njengezinye izinyoni, kusamele abe nohulumeni owenzelwe ukulwa nezibungu. Amadada ashilelekile cishe akunazo izinkinga zempilo.
Ngabe idada lidlani?
Photo: Cayuga Duck ngemvelo
Amadada asendle kaKayuga anokudla okuhlukahlukene, okumnandi. Noma sicabanga ukuthi ikakhulukazi badla ukhula, izitshalo zamanzi, futhi bazifaka odakeni, ungamangala ukuthi ufunde okunye kokudla abakudlayo.
Njengoba besodakeni phansi kwamachibi nemifudlana, bafuna lokhu kudla okulandelayo:
Badla izitshalo eziningi zokudla kwezitshalo:
Ngoba izilwane zabo zasendle azilindelekile, amadada e-kayuga aguqukele ekudleni okuhlukahlukene ukuze alondoloze impilo unyaka wonke. Amadada kaKayuga angathwala imithombo emikhulu yamafutha ngaphansi kokufakelwa kwesinono, esizowondla ngokubangana okufishane kwesimo sezulu esibi. Ziphinda zinciphise nomthelela ezintweni eziwutholile ngokuthola indawo yokuhlala evikelekile, futhi zinokugeleza kwegazi okukhethekile emilenzeni nasezinyaweni ukuvimbela ukuqandeka.
Ukondla amadada we-kayug ngokudla okufanele kunomthelela omkhulu ekutheni akhula futhi akhula kanjani. Ukudla okungekuhle nokuntuleka komsoco ngokuqinisekile kungaba nomphumela olimazayo kubo. Abakhiqizi abambalwa kakhulu be-feed bakhiqiza i-duck feed. Ungasebenzisa ukudla kwenkukhu esikhundleni. Yize kufana, ukudla kwenkukhu akunikezeli zonke izakhi ezidingekayo zamadada we-kayug, ngakho-ke kungadingeka ukuthi uthuthukise.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Amadada
Idada liyazithoba emvelweni futhi inobuntu obuhle kakhulu. Lokhu kungenye yamadada onzima kakhulu asekhaya. Kulula ukuzilawula uma ukwazi ukubamba. Kubanda kakhulu futhi kuqinile futhi kungabekezelela ubusika obunzima enyakatho-mpumalanga. Lezi zinyoni zinezakhi ezinhle kakhulu futhi zithola okuningi kokudla kwazo ekuondleni, ngakho-ke zilungele ukukhulisa uhla lwamahhala. Ukuzalela kufanelekile ekukhiqizeni inyama kanye neqanda.
Ama-kayug alondolozwe kahle angaphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi, ngakho-ke ubuhlobo obakha nabo buzoba nde. Njengoba zikhula kahle, ama-cayuga aqala ukuguquka abe mhlophe ngompethi ngamunye, okuholela kudada obonakalayo obukeka njengesithunzi phezu kwamanzi. Imilenze yabo nayo izoqala ukuthatha i-tint ye-orange.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amadada kaKayuga ajwayele ukuhlala eduze kwendlu, futhi maningi amathuba okubeka iqanda kunamanye izinhlobo ngoba ahlala emaqanda awo kaningi kunamanye amadada asekhaya.
Amadada eKayuga angamadada athule futhi amahle. Bahlukile ngoba banamabala amahle aluhlaza okotshani. Amaqanda kaKayuga angaba umxhwele kakhulu ekubukekeni, njengoba umbala omnyama udluliselwa egobolondweni, kepha lokhu kungungqimba olungaphezulu olususwa kalula. Izinga lokufakwa kwamnyama kumnyama liyahluka ngesikhathi sokuzalela - amaqanda aqala ukuba mnyama ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokubeka futhi aqhakaze njengoba kuqhubeka isizini. Lapho usula i-cuticle emnyama, kuvela iqanda eliluhlaza okotshani.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Duck Cayuga
Ngokungafani nezinye izingcingo zamanzi, ezinjengesikebhe namahansi, amadada ama-Akayuga awahlali ndawonye impilo yonke. Ubudlelwano besikhathi ngasinye buyimpicabadala, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zikhetha umlingani omusha ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalela ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elincane kakhulu lezinhlobo zamadada ka-kayug - cishe u-7% - enza isithembu. Kulesi simiso, idada leduna lingashada nabesifazane abaningi abahlala endaweni yalo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, i-day cayugu ingazalela amaqanda amakhulu ayi-100 nangu-150 ngonyaka. Amaqanda abo amnyama qwa noma amnyama grey. Kepha lapho kuphela isizini, umbala weqanda uphenduka waba mhlophe. Lawa madada amahle kakhulu. Amadada kaKayuga alukhuni futhi angakhiqiza inani elikhulu lezingane, yize kubanda kakhulu. Ziyakhotha, zivame ukuhlala futhi zibambe amaqanda. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda wedada we-kayuga yizinsuku ezingama-28. Lapho usebenzisa i-incubator, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-37,5 ° C kumswakama ongama-86% wezinsuku ezi-1-25 no-37 ° C kumswakama ongu-94% wezinsuku ezingama-26-28.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Isikhathi esiphakathi sedada esigciniwe njengesilwane esiphakathi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili neli-12.
Amadada kaKayuga ahlala ngamaqembu. Zalela amaqanda unyaka wonke, imvamisa ziqala entwasahlobo, futhi zizobopha amaqanda uma zisele. Amaqanda embozwe ifilimu emnyama noma emnyama, ehlanzwa, nakuba manje izinyoni eziningi zibekela amaqanda amhlophe.
Izitha zemvelo zamadada kayug
Photo: Ibukeka kanjani idada?
Inkinga enkulu ekunakekeleni amadada e-kayug ngabazingeli bawo. Amakati, iminki, izinsimbi, amaramboni nezikhova azodla amada, uma enikezwa ithuba. IKayugi kufanele ilethwe esakhiweni noma ivalwe ngci ebusuku. I-raccoon ingabulala idle idayi ngocingo olungena ngocingo, ngakho-ke phansi kocingo kufanele lwakhiwe ngocingo ukuze lubavikele.
I-duck cayug idinga nokuvikelwa elangeni elishisayo. Kufanele anikezwe isithunzi lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-21 ° Celsius. Bayakuthanda ukubhukuda, ngakho-ke bayayijabulela ipuli yezingane uma amanzi eqhubeka ehlanzekile futhi ukungcola kungavunyelwe endaweni eseduze. Amadada nokho angaphila kahle uma enganikezwa lutho ngaphandle kwamanzi okuphuza amasha.
Ichibi kufanele lijule ngokwanele ukumboza uqhwaku lwabo ukuze bakwazi ukulusebenzisa ukuhlanza amathumbu abo. Amanzi kufanele athathelwe indawo okungenani kabili ngesonto. I-cayuga ingakuthola ukudla kwayo uma inendawo eyanele. Lapho isikhala sinqunyelwe, usizo luyadingeka ekondleni duck kayuga. Amadada adinga amatshe amatshe amhlophe noma isihlabathi esihlanganayo ukuze abasize ukugaya ukudla.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Amadada
Amadada amnyama ka-kayuga aqala ukulethwa eCayug County (esifundeni saseFinger Lakes LaseNew York City) maphakathi nawo-1800s, futhi asekhuliselwe amaqanda nenyama, futhi njengezilwane ezifuywayo ngenxa yobungani bawo nemvelo yenhlalo. Amadada kaKayuga abhekwa njengohlobo lwamadlozi futhi okwamanje asohlwini lwe “American ezisengozini” yezinkomo zaseMelika ngenxa yezinombolo zawo ezilinganiselwe e-United States.
Ukulahleka kokuthandwa ngeminyaka yama-1990 kwabangela ukwehla kwesibalo senani lamadada e-kayug amashumishumi eminyaka, kepha kubonakala sengathi lokhu kuzalaniswa akuholeli indlela eya kudodo. Uhlobo lokuzalwa lwe-kayug olusengozini yayifakwe kuhlu lokuhlola "lwe-Conservatory of Livestock Conservatory" - uphawu olukhuthazayo lokuthi abanikazi bamanzi emhlabeni wonke babona ubuhle nokusebenziseka kwale duck ebukekayo.
Ukuzalaniswa kwamadada eKayuga kudume kakhulu kunamanye amadada amaningi asekhaya, ngoba lolu hlobo luhlobo oluhle lokudada lwasekhaya, olwakhiwe maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. I-duck cayug njengamanje iyinhlobo edumile kakhulu yedada e-United States, futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza inyama namaqanda, futhi njengenyoni yokuhlobisa.
Idada ledada - Lokhu kuyinto engajwayelekile, enhle ezifuywayo ezifuywayo amadada. Ama-cayugs abonakala emnyama kuze kube yilapho ukukhanya kuwashaya, bese ekhombisa umbala wawo omuhle oluhlaza. Imilomo nezinyawo zazo zivame ukuba mnyama. Njengoba iminyaka yobudala be-cayuga, iqala ukuthola izimpaphe ezimhlophe, ezingagcina ithathe indawo yezimpaphe zayo ezinemibala eminingi, futhi imisipha nemilenze yazo kungathwala u-orange tint.
I-taxonomy ne-Etymology
Isazi sezokwelapha saseMelika uWilliam Brewster sichaze amadada amnyama aseMelika Anas OBSCURA rubripes , ye- "Red-Turkish Black Duck", emsebenzini wakhe obalulekile "The Shapes Indescriptable of the Duck Black ( I-Anas obscura ), ”Ku I-auk ngo-1902, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zamadada amnyama atholakala eNew England. Elinye lazo lachazwa njengelincane, linonyawo olu-brownish kanye namathoni omnqumo noma omnyama, kanti elinye likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, ngethoni yesikhumba esikhanyayo, imilenze ebomvu ekhanyayo ne-tally esobala ebonakalayo. Okuningi kwalokhu kuchazwe ngokuthi Anas Pinhole kudokotela wezemvelo waseJalimane uJohann Friedrich Gmelin ngo-1789 kuhlelo lwe-13 I-Systema naturae , ingxenye 2, futhi wethembela “kumnyama duck” wezazi zemvelo waseWales uThomas Pennant. Igama lesayensi yamanje, Ama-ruble we-Anas , ithathwe ngesiLatini, nge I-Anas kusho "idada" futhi ama-rubripes kusekelwe isimungulu , "Bomvu" futhi PES Imilenze.
UPennant ungene I-Arctic zoology , Umqulu 2, uchaze le duck njengokufika "ivela eNew York City" kanye nomthethosivivinywa omude futhi omncane omnyama, onomthunzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokujwayelekile isikhonkwane , izici ezinjengamabala aluhlaza okotshani omnyama, okomnqumo oluhlaza okotshani noma omnyama, imilenze yomnqumo onsundu ngaphandle kwe-tint eyodwa ebomvu, i-nape ne-pileum ecishe ifane ngokulingana, ubala lwe-chin kanye nomphimbo, ulayini omncane nomaki omnyama entanyeni nasezinhlangothini zekhanda. kunokuba ube mnyama, ungaguquki kuye ngeminyaka nangesikhathi sonyaka.
Incazelo
Idada elimnyama laseMelika linesisindo esingu-720-1.640 g (1.59-3.62 amakhilogremu) nezilinganiso ezingama-54-59 cm (ama-intshi angama-21- 23) ubude ngamasentimitha angama-88-95 (35-37 inches). Lenhlobo inesisindo somzimba esiphakeme kakhulu kuhlobo. I-Anas , ngesampula yamadoda angama-376 afinyelela ku-1,4 kg (amakhilogremu angu-3.1) nabesifazane abangu-176 abalinganiselwa ku-1,1 kg (amakhilogremu angu-2,4). Idada elimnyama laseMelika likhumbuza ngandlela thile i-Mallard yabesifazane ekufakeleni imibala, yize i-plume ye-goose emnyama imnyama. Abesilisa nabesifazane bavame ukufana ngokubonakala, kepha owesilisa unesibhakela ophuzi, kanti owesifazana unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamabala amnyama kuwo, kwesinye isikhathi obuye abe namabala amnyama. Ikhanda linsundu, kepha likhanya kancane kunethoni lomzimba onsundu. Izihlathi nomphimbo zinsundu, zinomucu omnyama odlula umqhele namehlo amnyama. Ezimpaphe zeSpeculum yizimpophoma ezinemibala egqokwa uthingo ngombala obumnyama obukhulu. Imilenze yamawolintshi enamanzi enamachashazi amnyama.
Endizeni, kufakwa ilayini emhlophe emhlophe engaphansi kwe-blackish ne-underside noma phezulu. Izibuko ze-Purple azinayo imicu emhlophe ngaphambili nangasemuva, futhi akufane kube nomphetho omhlophe wokulandela umkhondo. Isikela elimnyama liyabonakala embobeni eyisisekelo.
Amajaha afana nezinsikazi ezindala, kepha aklebhula imiphetho emincane engwevu yangaphansi yempaphe, enikeza ukubukeka okuncane okuyi-fleaky, hhayi okuyi-jagging, kepha ukubukeka okuphelele kweBrowner, kunokuba kube mnyama ngombala. Abesilisa abancane banemilenze e-brownish-orange, kanti izinsikazi ezinemilenze ansundu kanye nokubala okuluhlaza okotshani.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Indabuko emnyama yaseMelika iya empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. ECanada, ububanzi buqala ukusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSaskatchewan kuya eNewfoundland naseLabrador. E-United States, itholakala enyakatho ye-Illinois, eMichigan, eNew Jersey, e-Ohio, e-Connecticut, eVermont, eSouth Dakota, enkabeni ye West Virginia, eMaine nasogwini lolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean ese North North.
Idada elimnyama laseMelika liyindawo yokuhlala yendawo yonke, njengoba lihlotshaniswa namaxhaphozi asolwandle futhi likhona kulo lonke unyaka emasimini kasawoti asuka eMaine Bay liye eVirginia ngasogwini. Imvamisa ikhetha amanzi amasha nezindawo zokubhukuda ezisogwini enyakatho-mpumalanga Melika, kufaka nezindawo ezinosawoti, neziphethu kanye nemiphetho engemuva lamachibi nemifula eboshwe ngomhubhe wesibabule. Ihlala namachibi amnandi, amachibi angajulile ane-sedge nezinhlanga, amaxhaphozi ezihlathini ezivulekile ezihlanganayo nezingxubevange ezinamanzi, kanye nasezigungwini zamahlathi. Abantu baseVermont babuye batholakala echibini lamachibi ambozwe yizimbambo ezazizungeza izihlambi.Ebusika, idada elimnyama laseMelika ikakhulukazi lihlala ezigungwini ezingamakhambi, ezindaweni ezingasemngceleni, ezixhotsheni zezolimo, ehlathini elinezikhukhula, emasimini, ezifundeni nasezigodini ezisogwini. Amadada ngokuvamile akhosela ekuzingeleni nakwezinye izinto eziphazamisayo ngokuthutheleka ekuchithekeni okungekho emthethweni nasekuchitheni okusha ukuze kulondolozwe umhlaba.
Ukondla
Duck elimnyama laseMelika luhlobo oluhle ngokudla okuhlukahlukene. Iyondla ngokungenelela emanzini angajulile futhi idla emhlabathini. Ukudla kwakhe izitshalo ngokuyinhloko kufaka phakathi utshani obuningi bamaxhaphozi kanye nama-sedges, kanye nembewu, iziqu, amaqabunga kanye neziqu zezimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini ezinjenge-zostera, i-rdesta, kanye ne-Highlander. Ukudla kwakhe izilwane kufaka ama-mollusks, iminenke, ama-amphipods, izinambuzane, ama-mollusks nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ukudla okumnyama kwedada laseMelika kuqukethe ukudla okucishe kube yi-80% yezitshalo kanye nemikhiqizo yezilwane engama-20%. Ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kukhuphukela kuma-85% ebusika. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, ingxenye yama-invertebrates iyanda. Amadada ikakhulukazi adla ama-invertebrates asemanzini phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-12 ngemuva kokuqokwa, kufaka phakathi amakhefu eqhwa, iminenke, imayinja, ama-dragonflies, amabhungane, izimpukane, izimpukane ze-caddis nezibungu. Ngemuva kwalokho, baphendukela embewini kanye nokunye ukudla kwezitshalo.
Ukuzalanisa
Indawo yokuhlala kabusha ifaka phakathi ama-alkaline bogs, amachibi ane-acidic, amachibi, amachibi, imifudlana, imigwaqo emincane nemikhawulo evumelekile yemilomo yemifula nezinye izindawo zasemanzini ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho zeSaskatchewan, Manitoba, ngokusebenzisa i-Ontario, iQuebec kanye nezifundazwe zase-Atlantic eCanada. nase-Adirondacks e-United States. Kuyathutha ngokwengxenye, futhi ubusika obuningi empumalanga enkabeni ye-United States, ikakhulukazi izindawo ezisogwini, ezinye zihlala unyaka nonyaka esifundeni saseGreat Lakes. Le duck ihamba kancane ezweni lase-UK nase-Ireland, lapho eminyakeni edlule izinyoni eziningana ziye zahlala futhi zakhulela ngezindawo zasekhaya. Ngenxa yalokho, i-hybrid ingaveza ubunzima obukhulu bokukhonjwa.
Iziza ezinamahloni zifihlwe kahle emhlabathini, imvamisa ezindaweni eziphakeme. Amahloka amaqanda anamaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nesine anamagobolondo abushelelezi futhi eza ngemibala ehlukahlukene eluhlaza omhlophe no-buff. Ngokwesilinganiso, balinganiselwa ku-59.4 mm (2.34 inches) ubude, ama-43.2 mm (1.70 amayintshi) ububanzi futhi inesisindo esingu-56.6 g (0.125 amakhilogremu). I-Hatching ithatha izinsuku ezingama-30 ngokwesilinganiso. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye siyashiyana, kepha kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25 kuye kwezingu-26. Abesilisa nabesifazane Ingxenye yemithwalo yemfanelo, yize abesilisa bavame ukuvikela insimu kuze kube yilapho insikazi ifinyelela phakathi nesikhathi sokufakwa kwayo. Kuthatha cishe amaviki ayisithupha ukuba ne-plumage. Ngemuva kokuba amaqanda ebanjiwe, inkukhu ihola isifonyo sokukhulisa izindawo ezinama-invertebrates amaningi kanye nezitshalo.
Amadada amnyama aseMelika ahlangana njalo futhi kakhulu nge-mallard, kuwo ahlobene kakhulu. Ezinye iziphathimandla zize zibheke idada elimnyama njengezinkampani eziseMallard esikhundleni sezinhlobo ezihlukile. Mank et al. Qabangani ukuthi lokhu kuyiphutha, njengoba isilinganiso se-hybridization akuyona nje indlela eyamukelekile yokuhlukanisa phakathi I-Anas izinhlobo.
Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi idada elimnyama laseMelika kanye nezitolo ezinkulu zase mallard phambilini zahlukaniswa ngokuthanda kwazo, ngensimbi emnyama yedada elimnyama laseMelika liyinikeza ithuba lokukhetha amachibi amahlathi anombala empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, futhi kulula ukwedlula iplanethi yedada elise mallard kuyinika ithuba ngokukhanya okukhulu , izindawo ezivulekile kakhulu zamathafa echibini. Ngokwalo mbono, ukubhujiswa kwakamuva kwamahlathi empumalanga nokutshala izihlahla emathafeni sekuphule lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwendawo yokuhlala, okuholela emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu empilo ehlanganisiwe njengamanje. Kodwa-ke, ijubane lokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwesikhathi esedlule alaziwa kulokhu kanye nezinye izinyoni eziningi zezindawo ezihlanganisiwe, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi, endabeni yedada elimnyama laseMelika, ukuthi amazinga okudluliswa kwangaphambilini ayephansi kunalokho ongakubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo eziningi ezihlanzelwe zezinyoni ziyaziwa ukuthi zizinza isikhathi eside, yize kwenzeka ukwanda okuningana kwezihlahla. I-duck emnyama yaseMelika kanye nama-mallards endawo manje sekunzima kakhulu ukuyihlukanisa usebenzisa ukuqhathanisa ngemicrosatellite, noma ngabe amasampula amaningi amasampula. Ngokuphikisana nezimangalo zalolu cwaningo, umbuzo wokuthi ngabe uhlobo lwentengiso yaseMelika lolo lwazi lwangempela lusekude nokuxazululeka. Isisho sabo esithi, “Amadada amnyama asenyakatho manje awasafani nhlobo nasezitolo ezinkulu ngaseningizimu,” kuyiqiniso kuphela ngomaka abahlolelwa ukuhlolwa. Njengoba izinyoni zingahlukaniswa iqoqo lezimpawu zemicrosatellite zingabukeka zihlukile, kukhona okunye ukwehluka kofuzo okungakaze kuhlolwe ocwaningweni.
Ezifundweni zokudingiswa, kwatholakala ukuthi iningi lazo elalingelilandeli ukubusa kukaHaldane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izintokazi ezihlanzayo ziyafa zingakafiki isikhathi sokuthomba, ngaleyo ndlela zisekele izimpikiswano zedada elimnyama laseMelika eliyizidalwa ezihlukile.
Izimbangi Zama-Predator Nezingozi
Izidleke ze-Apex ezidla ama-American duck duck afaka ama-American crows, gulls kanye nama-raccoon, ikakhulukazi izidleke zezihlahla. Oweyisa nezikhova nakho okuyizisulu zabantu abadala. Ama-bullfrogs kanye nezimfudu ezihlwitha ukudla zidla amadada amaningi. Amantshontsho avame ukubamba izifo ezidalwa yizinambuzane zegazi zeprotozoan ezidluliswa ukulunywa yizinambuzane, ezinjengama-midges. Zisengozini futhi yokuhola ubuthi bokudubula, obaziwa ngokuthi yiSaturnism, ngenxa yemikhuba yazo yokudla eyondla.
Isimo Nokuvikelwa
Kusukela ngo-1988, i-American Black Duck ilinganiselwe njengokukhathazeka okuncane kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN Yezilwane Ezisengozini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibanga lalezi zinhlobo likhulu kakhulu, elingaseduze nomkhawulo wezinhlobo ezisengozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibalo sonke sesisikhulu, futhi yize sincipha, asisehli ngokushesha ngokwanele ukwenza izinhlobo zezilwane zibe sengozini. Sekuyisikhathi eside kulinganiswa njengomdlalo wezinyoni, unakwa kakhulu futhi undiza ngokushesha. Ukulahleka kwekhaya le-Habitat ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi, ukuphinda kubuyiswe kabusha kwamaxhaphozi ngenxa yedolobha, ukufudumala komhlaba kanye namazinga olwandle akhuphukayo kuyimbangela enkulu yokwehla kwenani labantu. Ezinye izazi zemvelo zibheka ukwakhiwa kwe-hybridization nokuncintisana nama-mallards njengomthombo owengeziwe wokukhathazeka okufanele kuqhubeke lokhu kwehla. I-Hybridization uqobo akuyona inkinga enkulu, ukukhethwa kwemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abalungile kakhulu banezalo ezinkulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza okuncishisiwe kokuzala nzalo yabesifazane kubangela ukuba ezinye izingane zingaphumeleli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokufa kwenzalo ngaphambi kokuzala kabusha. Yize lokhu akuyona inkinga kumadada amakhulu e-mallard, kungafaka uhlobo olungeziwe kwinani lamadada amnyama aseMelika. Izifundo zakamuva ze-Delta Waterfowl Foundation ziphakamisa ukuthi ama-hybrids angumphumela wokuphoqelelwa okuphoqelelwe, kunokukhetha okujwayelekile kokuzalela izinkukhu ezimnyama.
I-U.S. Fish and Game Service iyaqhubeka nokuthola nokuphatha izindawo ezindaweni eziningi ukusekela ukumiswa kokufuduka, ubusika, kanye nokuzalelwa kwamadada amnyama aseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMontezuma National Reserve ithole futhi yabuyisa amahektha angaphezu kwenkulungwane ayinkulungwane yemvula ukuze ihlinzeke ngamadada amnyama angaphezu kwe-10,000 eMelika ngesikhathi sokufuduka kokuwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ogwini lwe-Atlantic, umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe kwakuwukuvikela indawo yedada elimnyama laseMelika ngokubuyisela indawo nokwabiwa kwamaphrojekthi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zabo zobusika nezindawo ezizaliswayo. Ngo-2003, iBoreal Forest Conservation Framework yamukelwa izinhlangano zokongiwa, izimboni, kanye neZizwe zakuqala ukuvikela amahlathi aseCanada, kubandakanya nohla lwaseCanada olusempumalanga yedada elimnyama laseMelika.
Ukusakazeka kukadayi omnyama waseMelika
Idada elimnyama laseMelika lihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeManitoba, eMinnesota. Indawo le isuka empumalanga iya ezifundazweni zaseWisconsin, eIllinois, e-Ohio, ePennsylvania, eMaryland, eWest Virginia, naseVirginia. Kubandakanya izindawo ezinamahlathi ase-Eastern Canada eNyakatho Quebec naseNyakatho Labrador. Lolu hlobo lwamadada lubusika ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yebanga lazo naseningizimu kuya ogwini lweGulf of Mexico, Florida neBermuda.
Idada elimnyama laseMelika likhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni zokugcina ezitholakala phakathi kwamahlathi.
Izindawo zokuhlala amadada amnyama zaseMelika
Idada elimnyama laseMelika likhetha ukuhlala emizimbeni ehlukahlukene emisha nemincanyana ebunjiwe phakathi kwamahlathi. Ihlala ezigungwini ezinezindawo ezine-asidi ne-alkaline, kanye nasemachibini, emachibini nasemiseleni eduze kwensimu. Kusatshalaliswa kuma-bays nasezigcotsheni zemithi. Ithanda izindawo ezinobungane bokudla, okubandakanya amakhethini angamabhishi asezinhlaka ezinezindawo zezolimo ezinkulu ezihlangene.
Esikhathini sokuzala, izinyoni ziyahlangana echibini elikhulu, elivulekile, ogwini, ngisho nasolwandle oluphakeme. Amadada amnyama aseMelika ayizinhlobo ezithile ezifudukayo. Ezinye izinyoni zihlala unyaka nonyaka kumaGreat Lakes.
Amadada amnyama aseMelika ayizinhlobo ezithile ezifudukayo.
Ebusika, amadada amnyama asenyakatho amnyama aseMelika athuthela ezindaweni eziphansi ogwini lwe-Atlantic oluseNyakatho Melika adlulele kude naseningizimu eTexas. Abanye abantu babonwa ePuerto Rico, Korea naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho abanye babo bethola indawo yokuhlala unomphela isikhathi eside.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedayi emnyama yaseMelika
Ekhweni lowesilisa wase-American duck omnyama ekugqokeni izingubo zokugqoka, izindawo ekhanda ezinamathambo aqinile amnyama, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamehlo, nasekhanda lekhanda, kuphakama. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba, kufaka phakathi umsila namaphiko, lube nsundu.
Izimpaphe ezingezansi zimnyama, zimnyama- ngombala onsundu ngombala onomphetho obomvu namabala. Izimpaphe ezincane zinesibuko “sombala” wombala oluhlaza okotshani, onomugqa omnyama emngceleni nethiphu emhlophe emincane. Izimpaphe ezisezingeni lesithathu zinobucwebe, zimnyama, kepha lonke iplamu limpunga omnyama noma ngombala onsundu, futhi phansi limhlophe qwa.
U-Beak uluhlaza ophuzi noma ophuzi okhanyayo, onama-marigold amnyama. Imilenze ibomvu korenji. Insikazi ineqhwane eliluhlaza okotshani noma lomnqumo elinendawo encane emnyama. Imilenze nama-paws ansundu - umnqumo ngombala.
Umbala weplamu lezinyoni ezincane ufana nethani lomuntu omdala
Umbala weplamu lezinyoni ezincane ufana nezinsimbi zabantu abadala, kepha uhlukaniswa ngamabala amaningi, amade asebangeni lesifuba esifubeni naseceleni lomzimba. Izimpaphe zinemingcele ebanzi, kepha amathiphu amnyama. Lapho indiza, idada elimnyama laseMelika libukeka njengemallard. Kepha kubukeka mnyama, kucishe kumnyama, ikakhulukazi izimpiko zihlukile kwezinye iplamu.
Ukuzalela amadada amnyama aseMelika kuqala ngoMashi-Ephreli.
Ukuzalela amadada amnyama kwaseMelika
Ukuzalela amadada amnyama aseMelika kuqala ngoMashi-Ephreli. Izinyoni zivame ukubuyela ezingxenyeni zazo ezindala zokugcina, futhi zivame kakhulu ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ezindala noma zihlele isidleke esisha amamitha ayi-100 ukusuka esakhiweni esidala. Isidleke sitholakala emhlabathini futhi sifihlwe phakathi kwezimila, kwesinye isikhathi emgodini noma igebe phakathi kwamatshe.
Ku-clutch 6-10 amaqanda aluhlaza-ophuzi.
Zibekwa esidlekeni ngezikhathi ezithile z ngosuku. Izinsikazi ezisencane zibekela amaqanda ambalwa. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, owesilisa uhlala cishe amasonto amabili eduze kwesidleke. Kepha ukuhlanganyela kwakhe ekwenziweni kokuzala akuzange kumiswe. Hatching ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-27. Ngokuvamile, amaqanda namachwane aba yizisulu zamagwababa namagwababa. Ama-broods okuqala avela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kanti inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokwehla kokubeletha kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Amadada ngemuva kwamahora angama-1-3 ayakwazi ukulandela idada. Owesifazane uhola inzalo yakhe amasonto angama-6-7.
Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokudlekwa, amadada amnyama aseMelika ayizinyoni ezijabulisa kakhulu abantu.
Izici zokuziphatha kukadayi omnyama waseMelika
Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokudlekwa, amadada amnyama aseMelika ayizinyoni ezijabulisa kakhulu abantu. Ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, bakha imihlambi yezinyoni eziyinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, amafomu ngababili, umhlambi uthambile bese uyancipha kancane kancane. Ama-vapors akhiwa kuphela isikhathi sokuzalela futhi akhona izinyanga eziningana. Isibalo sobudlelwano bokuhlukumezeka senzeka phakathi nobusika, futhi ngo-Ephreli, cishe bonke abantu besifazane bazobe sebakhe ubudlelwano ngababili.
Izinyoni zidla emanzini angajulile, zihlola njalo phansi enodaka ngemilomo yazo.
Ukudla kukadayi omnyama waseMelika
Amadada Amnyama aseMelika adla imbewu nezingxenye zezitshalo zezitshalo zasemanzini. Ama-invertebrates akha ingxenye enkulu yokudla:
- izinambuzane
- ama-mollusks
- ama-crustaceans, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Izinyoni zidla emanzini angajulile, zihlola njalo phansi udaka ngemilomo yazo noma zijike zibheke phansi, zizama ukulamula. Bayantshontsha ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-American Black Duck - Ukuzingela Into
I-American Black Duck ibilokhu ilitshe elibalulekile ekuzingeleni kwama-waterfowl eNyakatho Melika isikhathi eside.
I-American Black Duck - Into Ebalulekile Yokuzingela
Isimo Sokulondolozwa Kwe American Duck
Inani lamadada amnyama aseMelika ngeminyaka yama-1950 lalingabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezimbili, kepha kusukela lapho inani lezinyoni liye lancipha ngokuqinile. Njengamanje, cishe bangama-50 000 abahlala emvelweni. Izimbangela zokwehla azaziwa, kepha le nqubo kungenzeka ukuthi ilahlekelwe yindawo yokuhlala, ukuwohloka kwamanzi kanye nekhwalithi yokudla, ukuzingela okujulile, ukuncintisana nezinye izinhlobo zamadada kanye nokuhlanganiswa kabusha ngenhlokomo enama-mallard duck.
Ukuvela kwabantu aba-hybrid kudala izinkinga ezithile zokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo futhi kuholele ekunciphiseni kwenombolo yamadada amnyama aseMelika.
Izinsikazi ezi-Hybrid azisebenzi kakhulu, ekugcineni ezithinta ukuzalaniswa kwenzalo. Ama-hybrids anzima ukuwahlukanisa kusuka kwizinyoni ezingezona nzalo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi inzalo yesifazane imvamisa ifa ngaphambi kokuba ibelethe. Lokhu kubonakala kahle endabeni yokuzalwa kwangaphakathi kwe-interspecific ne-American duck emnyama ene-mallard.
Inani ledada elimnyama laseMelika lehla ngokuqinile
Izitolo eziningi, ngenxa yokukhethwa kwemvelo, zakha izici eziguqukayo zokuguquguquka ezimeni zezemvelo. Ngakho-ke, inani elincane lezimnyama zemvelo laseMelika libhekene nemiphumela eyengeziwe yofuzo. Njengamanje, kubalulekile ukugwema amaphutha ekunqumeni ukuzihlanganisa kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Umlando womsuka
Lokhu kuzalaniswa okuyingqayizivele kuqanjwe iLake Cayuga, eseNew York State. Kulesi sifunda, izinyoni zaqala ukudotshwa ngo-1809. Abafuyi baseMelika bawela abamnyama ngamadada asekhaya. Ngenxa yombala wokuqala, lokhu kuzalaniswa sekukade kwabizwa ngokuthi ngamakhorali. Yayinelungelo lobunikazi kuphela ngonyaka we-1874, njengedada likaKayuga.
Iminyaka eminingi, ukukhetha ngaphakathi kohlobo lweBlack Kayug kuyaqhubeka. Umgomo oyinhloko wokuhlola okunjalo ukwandisa inkomba yokukhiqizwa kwenyama kanye nokuvunwa kweqanda, ukulungisa ukubukeka, ukukhomba ukuhlukahluka okusha kumithunzi yezimpaphe.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Le ndlela yokuzalela inyama neqanda yaziwa kakhulu kwezolimo zaseRussia. Amadada atholakala ngokuzalaniswa nokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa. Ukuhambahamba ezakhiweni, izinyoni zidonsela ukunaka izimpaphe zikhanya ngokukhanya, ukuma okumangalisayo ne-gait ebalulekile.
Amadada ahlala endlini, ukufinyelela njalo emanzini nomoya omusha.Indawo yendawo igcinwa ihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwalokho inyoni iyafa ngokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane ezincane. AmaKayugs ayathanda ukubhukuda kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufakwa ichibi lokufakelwa endaweni noma ingxenye yemvelo (evela endle).
Ukubukeka nomzimba
Kayuga kunzima ukudida nezinye izinhlobo amadada. Izimpaphe ezinhle ezimnyama zicwebezela elangeni ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene. Le nyoni inomzimba omkhulu, amapayipi aminyene, izimpaphe ezinamandla ezihlangana kahle nomzimba futhi zenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela.
Umzimba ubhidlikile, ikhanda eliphikisana nesizinda somzimba lincane, alinakubalwa. Uqhwaku - mnyama, amehlo - kristalu, nsundu. Idada linesifuba esakhiwe kahle, izinyawo eziqinile nezizinzile. Umsila uqondile, wobukhulu obuphakathi, ushintsha isikhundla ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.
Ibunzi eliphakeme liphenduka uqhwaku, umbala wawo uncike kubulili bukaKayug. Emadodeni aluhlaza okotshani noma omnqumo, kwabesifazane kuba mnyama, kube mnyama okwesibhakabhaka. Intamo incishisiwe, igobekile, idlula kahle emahlombe ngeshubhu esibonakalayo.
Isisindo sabantu besilisa abadala sifinyelela ku-4-5 kg, izinsikazi - ngaphezu kwe-3 kg. Amadada ayanongwa futhi abulawe eneminyaka eyi-2 izinyanga, uma kungenjalo ukuqala kokuxubha kubenzima futhi kwenza inqubo yokukhipha isidumbu ingenzeki.
Umbala
Ngokwesiko, idada likaKayuga limnyama ngombala, okufika emzimbeni, uqhwaku nemilenze. Ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, izimpaphe zithola i-metallic sheen eluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le nyoni ikhanya ngokweqiniso elangeni, ibukeka imangalisa ngokwengeziwe.
Ukwanda kwemibala kuncike ebulilini bukadada. Isibonelo, abesilisa ekukhanyeni baphenduka babe nsomi, kanti izinsikazi zithola umbala oluhlaza ojulile. I-ebb engajwayelekile ivame ukugxila engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, isivele ifiphele emilenzeni yayo.
Ukukhiqiza
Naphezu kokukhiqizwa kwayo okuphezulu, idada ngokuyinhloko likhule njengenkukhu yokuhlobisa. Lesi sici sihlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwesikhumba esimnyama esingabonakali futhi nesimpaphe esimnyama, esithinta kabi isidingo semikhiqizo yenyama. Kodwa-ke, izazi zokudla ezingochwepheshe azigcini nje ngokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphansi enyameni, kodwa futhi nomphumela wazo omuhle emzimbeni womuntu:
- ukwenza ngcono isimo sezinwele nezzipikili,
- ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala zesikhumba,
- ukuphuculwa kwendlela yokugaya ukudla,
- ukumbiwa kobuthi nezinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni,
- ukuguquguquka ngokwejwayelekile kwe-endocrine ne-system mkuu yezinzwa,
- ukukhuphuka kwezinga le-hemoglobin.
Odokotela batusa ukusebenzisa lo mkhiqizo ekudleni kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu, ukuqaqanjelwa kwamathambo nomdlavuza kanye nabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.
Isisindo esiphezulu sowesilisa omdala singama-4 kg, kuthi owesimame - ama-3 kg. Izinyoni ezikhuluphayo kufanele zihlatshwe zingabi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-60 ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ushintsho lwe-feather. Owesifazane oyedwa ngonyaka angakhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela ku-150. Isisindo seqanda elilodwa alidluli kwi-g 100. Lesi samba sanele ukuthengiswa kanye nezilwane ezincane. Isici esihlukile samaqanda ubukhona bemibala emnyama kwabokuqala abayishumi, yonke imikhiqizo elandelayo inamathoni akhanyayo we-greenish hue.
Idada lihlukaniswa ngokuzithoba kwalo. Izinyoni zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane nokunakekelwa. Izinyoni zithanda ukunyakaza kwamahhala ngokusebenzisa izihlahla zamanzi eduze kwezindawo zemvelo ezincane. Uma kungekho imifula namachibi, ochwepheshe batusa ukudala indawo yokufakelwa yokubhukuda. I-canopy kufanele yakhelwe endaweni yokuhamba, ezoba yisiphephelo emvuleni enkulu naselangeni elihangulayo.
Ngokubusika, abanikazi kufanele balungiselele igumbi elifudumele lapho izinga lokushisa lingafanele lihle ngaphansi kuka-5 °. Izinyoni zingabekezelela kalula ama-froz amancane nokushintsha okubukhali kokushisa, kepha ezimweni ezintofontofo ziyakwazi ukugcina umkhiqizo ozinzile unyaka wonke. Ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwekhabhoni dayoksi, ochwepheshe batusa ukufaka uhlelo lokungena komoya olusezingeni eliphezulu oluqinisekisa ukungena komoya omusha egumbini. Njengokusebenzisa imfucuza, i-sawdust, utshani kanye notshani obomile bungasetshenziswa. Kanye njalo emavikini ama-2, kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukuhlanzeka okujwayelekile kwendlu ngokufaka kabusha indawo yokulahla.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi yamadada yizidleke, okondlayo, izitsha zokuphuza neziqukathi ezinesihlabathi esihle. Izitsha zokudla kumele zihlanzwe futhi zigezwe nsuku zonke. Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukushiya ukudla okudala kubo. Ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo owonakele kungacasuli ubuthi bokudla kuphela, kepha futhi nokufa kwemfuyo yonke. Kukho konke ukutshala kwalo hlobo, izitsha zokuphuza kufanele zigcwaliswe njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Uma inqubo yokuhlanzeka nenhlanzeko ingalandelwa, idada lingaba nokugula:
- coccidiosis,
- ihepatitis
- i-aspergillosis
- i-salmonellosis
- isifo se-goiter.
Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda
Amadada aphatha amaqanda ayi-100-150 ngonyaka. Ngayinye enesisindo esingu-80-100 g. Amaqanda makhulu kunenkukhu, ekuqaleni anigobolondo elimnyama, kodwa lapho eseleshumi kwesibili aba mhlophe, anomthunzi we-olivi obizwayo.
Kunzima ukuthola amaqanda kaKayuga lapho ethengiswa. Ngaphandle kokuthi umfuyi oyedwa athengisele omunye ukuze aqhubeke nokuzalela. Kwezinye izimo, amaqanda asetshenziswa ngaphakathi komndeni womfuyi njengesithako sokudla noma sokuzalela izilwane ezincane.
Ukondla
Ukugcina izinyoni zisesimweni esihle somzimba, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekudleni kwezinyoni, okungafanele ukuthi kube nokulinganisela kuphela, kodwa futhi kuqukethe wonke amavithamini kanye namaminerali adingekayo. Isisekelo semenyu yedada siyimifino, ukuxutshwa okusanhlamvu nokuxakaniseka kwezithasiselo zamaminerali. Abanikazi kufanele baqinisekise ukufinyelela okuqhubekayo kokudla owomile. Kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo, utshani obunama-juicy, i-algae nezinambuzane ezincane kuzosebenza njengokuphakela amavithamini ezinyoni.
Izinyoni ezikhuluphayo akufanele zithole kuphela ukondli olunama-khalori aphezulu, kodwa futhi kufanele zibe sezindaweni ezivalekile. Ukudla kwalawa madada izinyanga ezimbili kufanele kube nezikhathi zokudla ezi-4 ngosuku. Imenyu elinganiselwe kakhulu yokukhuluphala iqukethe ummbila, ukolweni nebhali elibilisiwe obisini noma umhluzi.
Ebusika, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okusanhlamvu okusomile, izilimo zezimpande ezibilisiwe, imifino eluhlaza kanye nesilage, kanye namavithamini akhethekile kanye nama-microelements, azonikeza inyoni zonke izakhi zomzimba, kufanele kusetshenziswe.
Umlingiswa we-Kayuga duck nendlela yokuphila
Amadada ngokwawo ahlekisa, aqobeka kaningi, aziphathe ngokuzolile futhi ngokubabazekayo. Bahamba kancane, bangabekezeleli ngokushesha. Banokumelana okuhle kwengcindezi, akuvami ukuthi basabe ngemisindo ebukhali nokusondela kwezinye izilwane.
Idada likaKayuga linesibindi futhi liqine, libekezelela ukubanda, linokungazethezeki okuqinile, kuyaqabukela ligule.
Le nyoni ivumelana nezimo ezintsha zesimo sezulu, futhi lezo zinguquko azizithinti kabi izinkomba zokukhiqiza. Izinyoni zithanda ukuzidlela otshanini obunezimbali, futhi lapho zidlisiwe, zisheshe zikhuluphele.
Ekushiseni, zivame ukubhukuda futhi zishone, bese kuthi ngemuva kwezinqubo zamanzi zikhethe ukucwilisa elangeni. Ukuhamba nsuku zonke zilungele izinyoni kuphela; azithandi ukukhiyelwa phezulu.
Ungafunda ngezici zamadada eCayuga kule vidiyo elandelayo:
Amadada adinga ukunakekelwa, umsoco omuhle nendlu ehlanzekile. Lezi zinyoni zizimele, ngakho-ke zingaba sezingeni lamahhala. Zingashiywa zinganakekelwa futhi zingangabazi ukuthi akekho noyedwa umuntu ozolahleka noma okhubazekile.
Njengoba amaKayugi enokugomela okuqinile, akhuthazelela kalula ngisho nokugula kakhulu, akuvami ukugula. Ngomoya opholile, izinyoni azinamahloni nhlobo; kunzima ukuzikhipha ekulinganeni. Ngakho-ke nokuqukethwe kohlobo lokuzala akukho zinkinga.
Ukuzala
Ukuthola inzalo ene-purebred, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuthi kuthengwe amaqanda ama-incubator noma ama-ducklings nsuku zonke okuhlala emafektri wezinyoni noma kubafuyi abaqeqeshiwe. Lapho kukhona abantu abanezinhlungu eziphelele, izilwane ezincane zingatholakala nasekhaya: amadada anomqondo othuthukisiwe wokuqunjelwa inzalo kanye nesibopho esikhulu sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Ukufinyelela umanyolo omkhulu wamaqanda, owesilisa ngamunye kufanele angabi nezinsikazi ezingaphezu kwama-7. Owesifazane walolu hlobo lokuzalela uyakwazi ukuzibekela amaqanda angabi ngaphezu kwe-15; ukuthola izilwane ezisencane, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise ama-incubator lapho kufanele kubekwe khona amaqanda aluhlaza okhanyayo kumadada amadala. Ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, singalindela ukuzalwa kwezilwane ezisencane.
Ingane, ehlelwe ngudada, kufanele ihlale nonina, okuthi konke ukukhathazeka ngenzalo kulele kuye. Amadada asuka ekufukameleni adinga ukunakwa okukhulayo nokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Amathanga kufanele abekwe egumbini elihlukile anemithombo yokukhanya nokushisa. Endaweni enomoya omuhle, kufanele ufake iziqukathi zamanzi ezingashonile lapho amathole angajabulela ukubhukuda. Ukuhamba nsuku zonke emoyeni omusha kuzoqinisa ukungatheleleki.
Ukudla kwezilwane ezisencane kufanele kube nemifino ebunjiwe, ushizi we-cottage shizi, i-kefir, amaqanda abilisiwe kanye neqanda leqanda leqanda. Abanikazi badinga ukuqaphela ukuthi akukho zinto zakwamanye amazwe ezingena kuma-feeders lapho amadada angadonsa khona. Ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi yevithamini neyamaminerali, kufanele kufakwe i-calcium engxenyeni emanzi. Eminyakeni engu-1 yobudala, amaphuphu angadluliselwa ekudleni kwezinyoni ezindala.
Izidingo zendlu
Amadada kaKayuga ahlala ezindlini ebusika, kepha ahambe ngezinyawo njalo. Ehlobo bachitha isikhathi esincane endlini, isikhathi esiningi emoyeni omusha.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zendlu:
- Igumbi kufanele likhanye, libanzi.
- Qiniseka ukuthi unamawindows wokukhanya, umoya omusha.
- Izilonda odongeni oluseceleni lekamelo.
- Ubukhulu obufanele besidleke bungama-40x50 cm.
- Ukungena esidlekeni kuvikelwe ngumkhawulo ongama-8 cm ukuze amaqanda angawa futhi angaphuki.
- Isimo sezulu esishisayo, izinga lokushisa elamukelekayo lingama-17-19 degrees, ebusika okungenani ama-degree ama-5.
- Imfucumfucu eyenziwe ngotshani, i-peat, i-sedge engu-30 cm ubukhulu yakhiwa phansi.
- Ehlobo, igumbi likhanyiswa yilanga, ebusika - ukukhanyisa okufakwayo.
- Kungcono ukufaka izibani ze-infrared ukuze kufudumale okwengeziwe.
- Inyoni ngayinye idinga ophuzayo, ukulawulwa kwamanzi amasha.
- Ukuba khona okuphoqelekile kwama-feeders avela emabhodini, iziqukathi zezengezo zamaminerali.
Kufakwa indiza ngasendlini, noma kufakwe notshani obanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakwa i-canopy evikela izinyoni ekushiseni nasezingeni lemvula. Indlu, njenge-aviary, kufanele ihlanzwe nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwalokho kuvela izimuncagazi.
Ukubuyekezwa
Ukuthandwa nesidingo esiphakeme salaba bantu kubangele ukuvela kwenani elikhulu lawo womabili amazwana amahle nokuphikisana. Abalimi baphawula izinga eliphakeme lokukhiqiza le nyoni kanye nemvelo yayo ethuthukisiwe yokubamba inzalo, enomphumela omuhle wenzuzo nasenzalweni. Amayadi wezinkukhu, atholakala eduze kwamachibi nemayardows, aphawula ukwehla okukhulu kwezindleko zezimali zokuthengwa kwengxube yokusanhlamvu ngenxa yokuthi idada ngokuzimela lithola ukudla.
Ukungathobeki ezimeni zokuboshwa kuvumela ukunciphisa izindleko zokwakha amadada. Kodwa-ke, ubunzima bokuthi kuthengiswe kwemikhiqizo yenyama kungukungathandeki okukhulu kwale nyoni.
Ukubonakala okungabonakali kwesikhumba kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo somkhiqizo wenyama yokudla.
Kuvidiyo elandelayo, ungabhekisisa amadada.
Indawo yokuhamba nokufinyelela emanzini
Amadada awadingi umoya omusha kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhamba kwansuku zonke. Ebusika, qiniseka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya livumela ukuhamba.
Uma uKayugi edla otshanini, bopha uthango ukuze ezinye izilwane zingazihlaseli izinyoni futhi zikesabise.
Ehlobo, insimu kufanele ibe yingulule evela elangeni nasemvuleni, ichibi lokufakelwa. Isibonelo, gcwalisa ubheshi omncane noma ibhafu elidala lokugeza ngamanzi. Amadada athanda ukubhukuda nokuntywila, kepha ebusika kungcono ukuyeka okwesikhashana izinqubo zamanzi.
Ukudla kukadayi kaKayuga
Lapho ukondla amadada, isisekelo sokudla kungama-carbohydrate aqukethe okusanhlamvu, akhulisa amandla enyoni. Khetha okusanhlamvu okumbiwe kahle. Ngokwengeziwe, faka ummbila, i-oats, i-legumes, nebhali kwimenyu.
Ukulungisa umzimba ukwenze i-metabolism ifakwe emzimbeni, ukudla okusetshenzisiwe kuyadingeka ekudleni. Isibonelo, ikhekhe liyadingeka ekubekeni izinkukhu, njengomthombo we-phosphorus ne-potassium. Amagatsha enzelwa ukuntuleka kwefayibha. Ukudla okomile kuba ngumthombo owengeziwe wama-carbohydrate. Kumenyu yansuku zonke yemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-5-10% yokudla okuphelele.
Imifino nokudla okumnandi, okuvunwa kusukela ehlobo, kusiza ekuxazululeni ngokushesha inkinga yokushoda kwevithamini yezikhathi ezithile. I-Alfalfa ne-clover, izilimo ezimpande (ithanga nama-beet ukuya kuma-20% wokudla okuphelele) zilusizo ikakhulukazi. Izingxenye ezinjalo zokudla zinikezwa amadada kwifomu langaphambi komhlaba.
Amaminerali afaka isandla ekufakweni kokudla okungcono, yenza ukugayeka okujwayelekile. Umthombo oyinhloko wamaminerali igobolondo, isidlo samathambo, ushoko, ukhuhlu, usawoti. Izakhi ezinjalo zinganikezwa ngasikhathi sinye, into esemqoka ukubheka ngokuqinile imithamo yansuku zonke.
Izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambi kokuhlaba, amadada kaKayugam anikezwa izabelo eziqinisiwe.
Isabelo sehlobo
Ehlobo, idada likaKayuga lidla lodwa. Udinga i-canopy engekude nedamu lokufakelwa ukuze acashe ngesikhathi semvula nemisebe yelanga eshisayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, inyoni idla izikelemu, izinambuzane, utshani, isisindo sayo ikhula ngenkuthalo.
Ehlobo, umfuyi ulawula ukonga imali kokuphakelayo okuthengiwe futhi athole isidumbu esinesisindo ngemuva kokubulawa. Into esemqoka ukuqapha umsoco wedada, ukukhipha ubukhona botshani bezitshalo ezinoshevu, izimuncagazi ezinobungozi, izinto zakwamanye amazwe.
Gcwalisa abaphuza ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese ubheka nsuku zonke lo mzuzu. Ehlobo, idada lingaphuza ilitha elilodwa lamanzi. Ngakho-ke, buyekeza abaphuza izikhathi 2 ngosuku. Uma i-algae noma isikhunta sekubonakale ezindongeni zesitsha sokuphuza, masibulale amagciwane, uma kungenjalo inyoni ingafa.
Ukudla kwasebusika
Ebusika, abalimi bondla uKayug kabili ngosuku - ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukudla kokuqala kufaka phakathi ama-blenders amanzi kanye nesisele esinezivikelo eziqinile, okwesibili kufaka phakathi okusondayo okusanhlamvu okusindayo. Qiniseka ukuthi unama-500 ml wamanzi ahlanzekile esitsheni.
Ehlobo, amadada athola isisindo ngokushesha, ngakho abafuyi bezokwanda bakhulisa ukudla kwabo kwansuku zonke. Ungqimba lwamafutha oluholela lusindisa inyoni ekuqandeni okubandayo nasekuqandeni okuhleliwe. Ebusika, ukwakha isisindo kunzima kakhulu.
Bakubekezelela kanjani ukubanda?
AmaKayugi avumelaniswa kahle neqhwa. Ekushiseni komoya okungama-degrees angama-5, bazizwa behle endlini, into esemqoka ukuthi igumbi lifakwa umoya njalo. Ebusika, izinyoni nazo zingahanjwa. Sula utshani beqhwa namagatsha ukuze idada lingalimali.
Kusukela kuma-paws aqandayo, amboze indlela ngotshani noma ngotshani. Yehlisa isikhathi sakho sokuhamba uye emaminithini angama-30 kuya kabili ngosuku, kuya ngesimo sezulu. Ngokudla okufanele, ukungavikeleki kweKayuga ebusika akuncishisiwe, ubungozi bokungabi mncane kakhulu.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ukuze zizalaniswe, thenga izilwane ezincane kuphela ezivela kubafuyi abaqinisekisiwe ngokunikezwa kwemibhalo efanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi kuthengwe ama-mestizos, amanani awo angumyalo wobukhulu ophansi kunabamele abakhiqizi abazalelwe ngaphandle.
Imithetho yokuzalanisa yeKayug:
- Umhlambi kufanele ube namadada ayi-7 nodrako ongu-1.
- Gwema ukuzala izihlobo ezisondelene, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inzalo izokonakala ngokuphelele.
- Amadada anomqondo wemvelo womama okhule kahle, ngakho-ke amachwane awadingi ukulawulwa okwengeziwe kusuka kumfuyi.
UKayugi ufundisa amawundlu ukubhukuda nokuthola ukudla emanzini. Uma amanye amachwane ezalwa ngaphambili, ayasuswa masinyane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, idada liyoyeka ukubopha amaqanda asele kanye nokujaha ukukhulisa amaphuphu asanda kuzalwa. I-cayuga ibamba amaqanda inyanga eyi-1, kuze kufike kumachwane ayi-15 kwilitha.
Endle, amadada ahlala iminyaka eyi-10-30. Lapho zizalela, zibulawa zinezinyanga ezi-2 ngemuva kokukhuluphala kwezinga eliphakeme.
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kweqanda
Isikhathi sokufakwayo siyahlukahluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-26 kuye kwezingama-28, kuyaqabukela - kuya ezinsukwini ezingama-35. Izincomo ezinokubaluleka ngokuzalanisa abalimi abathengise i-incubator:
- Uma insikazi ifaka amantshontsho afinyelela ku-15, khona-ke ngosizo lwe-incubator le nkomba ingumyalo wokuphakama okukhulu.
- Ekufukameleni, amaqanda ane-green green hue asetshenziswa, okukhombisa ukuvuthwa kwesikhukhukazi.
- Kwamaqanda we-incubator ongqimba lwezinsuku eziyi-14-18 ezikhethiwe.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwamadada, ukukhula okuncane kuhlala phansi esokeni olubekwayo, oluthathwa ukuba luzondle.
Imithetho eyisisekelo uma usebenzisa i-incubator:
- Ngosuku lokuqala, ungaphendukeli amaqanda, uwafudumise ohlangothini olulodwa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela kuma-38 degrees.
- Emavikini alandelayo, shintsha amaqanda nsuku zonke asuke ngapha nangapha kaningana.
- Nsuku zonke, vula isembozo se-incubator imizuzu eyi-10, enikezela ukupholisa okuomile, umoya omncane wemvelo.
- Amaqanda afudumele izinsuku ezingama-26 lokushisa kwama-degree angama-37,5. Ngosuku lwe-27, yehlise ibe ngama-37 degrees futhi ulindele ukuvela kwam amaphuphu ekukhanyeni.
- Dlulisa amadada aboshelwe esihlokweni, lapho awela khona ngaphansi kokunakekela isikhukhukazi.
Ukunakekelwa Kwamadada Nokuphaka
Lapho kuzalwa amaphuphu, qapha inhlanzeko nokuhleleka kwendlu. Ukuvikelwa kwezingane kungakakhiwa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwamagciwane kungazibulala. Susa imiphumela yezinhlaka, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emasontweni ama-4 okuqala ezilwanyana.
Ngenyanga yokuqala, amadada akuhlukanisi ukudla, athola konke okungena ngaphansi kwezinyawo zawo. Qinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinto zangaphandle noma izitshalo ezinoshevu endlini. Khuphula inani lotshwala njengoba amachwane ephuza kakhulu. Lungiselela iziqukathi ezingashoni kusengaphambili lapho amadada azofunda ukubhukuda.
Naka ukudla kwezilwane ezincane. Umnqopho omkhulu womlimi ukusungula ukugaya, ukucebisa umzimba wamachwane ngamavithamini namaminerali abalulekile. I-calcium ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni.
Izici zokudla kwansuku zonke:
- amaprotheni abilisiwe abolile, amakhambi amasha,
- i-kefir, iyogathi, ushizi wekhokho, eminye imikhiqizo yobisi,
- amaqanda amaqanda aqhekezwe kufulawa
- okusanhlamvu okuncane, okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe (okusuka kubudala beviki).
Izifo
Njengabanye abahlali besakhiwo, idada likaKayuga liyagula. Izici ezibikezela kungukuntuleka kwamavithamini, umsebenzi we-parasites ngokumelene nesizinda sokwephula imithetho yokugcina izinyoni, amaphutha ezondlayo.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu:
- Ukushoda kweVitamin. Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin, kuyingozi kakhulu kumadada.
- I-Salmonellosis. Lesi sifo siyaqhubeka ebuntwaneni, isifo singena ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
- I-viral hepatitis. Okusengcupheni yizingwekazi ezingakafiki izinsuku ezingama-20 zokuzalwa.
- Isifo se-Goiter. Ezinye zezinto ezithusayo ukudla okungenampilo kokudla kwamadada namazinyo amadala.
- Coccytosis Engcupheni - amadada aze afike ezinyangeni ezi-2. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile yizitulo ezikhululekile ngokungcola kwegazi, imbangela yalesi sifo wukusebenza kwezigciwane.
- Aspergillosis. Isifo se-fungus, esihambisana nokukhishwa kwe-mucus kusuka ekhaleni. Ngisho nomuntu angangenwa yileli gciwane.
Izifo ezi-2 zokugcina ziyabulala, ikakhulukazi eziyingozi kwezinye izinyoni nakulowo uzalisayo ngokwakhe. Izinyoni ezithelelekile azilungele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu; izidumbu zazo ziyashiswa.
Amadada kaKayuga akavamile ukugula, abe nomzimba ozinzile. Kepha ngezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, umfuyi kufanele aphendule ngokushesha, axhumane nodokotela wezilwane futhi avikele ezinye izilwane zasepulazini.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwedada likaKayuga
Lawa madada adume ngombala wawo wokuqala nokubukeka okumangalisayo, ukuthula nokuzala. Lapho ukhetha abamele izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Kayuga ngokuzalanisa, abafuyi bezinkomo banaka izinzuzo ezinjalo ezibalulekile zohlobo:
- ukumelana nengcindezi
- ukuzimela ekuziphatheni,
- ukungatheleleki kokuqina
- ukumelana nesithwathwa
- ukungathobeki ekudleni,
- Isiko lokukhula kahle lomama,
- ukukhiqizwa kwenyama ephezulu neqanda,
- izinga lokusinda eliphezulu lezilwane ezincane,
- okumnandi, inyama edliwayo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwenkukhu lunamaphutha alo, futhi amadada kaKayuga awekho. Lokhu:
- inani eliphansi lenyama
- isisindo somzimba ophansi
- ukuthambekela okubi kokufakwa,
- iziqu ezimnyama ngemuva kokuhlwitha,
- amaqanda awathengiswa.
Izinsongo
Imallard emnyama yaseMelika yayithatha isikhathi eside ibhekwa njengomdlalo, ukuqaphela futhi isheshe iphiko. Yize lolu hlobo lungadali ukukhathazeka okukhulu, amanani alo ancipha kancane ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo. Abanye abalondolozi bezokulondolozwa kwemvelo babheka ukuwela imifula nokuncintisana namadada asemallini njengomthombo wokukhathazeka oqhubeka wehla (Rhymer & Simberloff 1996, Rhymer 2006). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuzalanisa ngokwayo akuyona inkinga eyinhloko, ngenxa yokukhethwa kwemvelo, abantu abahle abahlangabezana nezimo kangcono bazoba nezingane eziningi. Kepha ukusebenza okuncane kakhulu kwezinsikazi ezi-hybrid ekugcineni kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kwamazinyane amaningi, ngoba inzalo izofa ngaphambi kokuzala. Uma lokhu kungeyona inkinga yemallard enkulu, khona-ke kubantu abamnyama mallard baseMelika kuzodala ingcindezi eyengeziwe.