Inyoka emnyama ebomvu (i-Pseudechis porphyriacus) noma i-echidna emnyama ingeyohlobo lwenyoka emnyama yomndeni we-aspid. Le nhlobo ifakiwe ohlwini lwezinyoka ezinobuthi kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi iyingozi impela. Abantu base-Australia bayibiza kalula - "inyoka emnyama". Uhlobo lolu lwachazwa okokuqala nguGeorge Shaw ngonyaka ka-1794 encwadini ekhuluma nge-zoology yaseNew Holland.
Inyoka Emnyama Ebomvu (i-Pseudechis porphyriacus)
Inyoka emnyama enamabala abomvu (Pseudechis porphyriacus) - imvelaphi yaseMpumalanga Australia. Yize ubuthi bayo bungabanga ubuthi obukhulu, ukulunywa akuholeli ekufeni. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka lunobuthi obuncane kunezinye izinyoka zase-Australia ezibulalayo.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenyoka emnyama ebomvu
Inyoka emnyama ebomvu enobude obude inamamitha ayi-1.5 kuya kumamitha amabili nesigamu. Isikhumba esihuquzelayo ngasohlangothini lwe-dorsal simnyama ngombala omnyama ngombala obhulayo. Ngaphansi komzimba nezinhlangothi kudwetshwe ngombala opinki, obomvu, okusajingijolo, kukhona umngcele omnyama obonakalayo. Umphetho ongaphambili onsundu okhanyayo. Izikali esikhunjeni zibushelelezi, zihlelwe ngokulandelana. Ikhanda lenyoka emnyama enebomvu libunjiwe. Amabala ansundu avele eduze kwamakhala noma eduze kwesiqeshana samehlo.
Inyoka emnyama ebomvu enobude obude inamamitha ayi-1.5 kuya kumamitha amabili nesigamu.
Amazinyo anobuthi abekwe phambi komhlathi ongenhla. Kubukeka njengama-fangs agobile ngaphakathi futhi makhulu kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa namanye amazinyo. Izinyo ngalinye elinobuthi linomzila wokukhipha ubuthi. Imvamisa i-repine isebenzisa izinyo elilodwa kuphela, i-canine yesibili isebenza njengokukhetha okuyisipele, uma kwenzeka inyoka ilahlekelwa yodwa. Amazinyo asele mancane kakhulu, ngaphandle komsele onobuthi.
🔴1. Inyoka yenyoka
Inyoka, enabantu abadala abakhula babe ngamamitha ayi-2, ikhethe izindawo ezisogwini oluseningizimu ye-Australia, New Guinea nesiqhingi saseTasmania.
Inyoka enhle evela emndenini we-Aspid inombala womzimba we-olive nge-tint ebomvu. Ihlukaniswa yisimo esizolile, kepha, uma ibona ingozi, ithambisa intamo yayo, futhi ihlasele ngokushesha, ilume cishe emhlabathini uqobo, ukuze izicathulo eziphakeme kakhulu zingasindisa ngokuluma okubulalayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi indawo yenyoka yamahlosi itholakala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi base-Australia, inani elikhulu lokulimala liyaqoshwa. Izithombe eziningi kunenethiwekhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi isivakashi esivame ukufakwa ezindlini nasezindlini zabantu base-Australia.
🔴2. UMesh Brown Snake
Ngokusho ubuthi bushevu bayo, lo omele umndeni womndeni wama-aspid uthatha indawo yesi-2 phakathi kwazo zonke izinyoka zomhlaba ezihlala emhlabeni wethu.
Naphezu kwegama layo eliyinqayizivele, umbala wabantu abadala uhluka kusuka kokukhanya okuphuzi kuya kumnyama nesiliva. Inyoka enolaka ikhethe izifunda ezomile ezisogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia njengendawo yazo yokuhlala.
Ezimweni eziningi, isidlo sasemuva esidlulisayo sithanda ukugwema ukuxabana, kepha uma sicasulwe, siyazivikela. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ikakhulukazi, njengoba isilwane sivame ukukhwela ezakhiweni zokuhlala nasezifuyweni.
🔴3. Inyoka ensundu yaseNtshonalanga
Inyoka, ebizwa nangokuthi unogada, ikhethe cishe yonke insimu yase-Australia, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezishubile ezisempumalanga yezwekazi kanye nogu olusentshonalanga esentshonalanga ye-Australia.
Inyoka yasentshonalanga ayinasihluku futhi inobuthi njengezihlobo zayo zasempumalanga, kepha ukulunywa yizo futhi kuholele ekufeni okuningi okubhalwe ezwekazini.
Njengoba ubuthi bungeyona ubuthi obuningi, lapho buluma, bakhipha inani elikhulu lobuthi emzimbeni wesisulu, okuthi, ngaphandle kosizo olufika ngesikhathi, luholele ekufeni.
🔴4. Inland Taipan
Le nyoka eyingozi ifihle emadwaleni amatshe ngaphakathi ezweni, futhi iyingozi ngoba inesinye ubuthi obunobuthi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokulunywa, uma i-antidote inganikezwa kungakapheli imizuzu engama-40, umuntu uyafa.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-taipan yase-Australia ingenisa emzimbeni wesisulu, futhi lokhu ikakhulukazi ngamagundane amakhulu, inani elikhulu lobuthi, okuholela ngokushesha ekufeni.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ebubanzini base-Australia kuhlala indawo engenabungozi kakade, enombala ofanayo kanye nesakhiwo somzimba njenge-taipan enobuthi.
1. Inyoka emnyama onsundu (i-Pseudonaja textilis)
Obeye aziwe njengo: inyoka emsundu ejwayelekile (inyoka onsundu yasempumalanga) noma inyoka emsundu empumalanga
Indawo yokuhlala: kuyo yonke ingxenye empumalanga yezwekazi i-Australia
Inyoka e-brown brown ekhula ngokushesha, enolaka futhi edume kabi, kanye nezinye izinyoka ezinsundu, i-Australia inecala lokufa kwabantu unyaka ngamunye kunanoma yiliphi elinye iqembu lezinyoka. Hhayi nje ukuthi ubuthi babo bukalwe njengesiyingozi sesibili kunazo zonke izinyoka zomhlaba (kususelwa ekuhlolweni kwegundane), bahlala kumanani amaningi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi emapulazini asezindaweni zasemakhaya, abazingela amagundane.
Njengoba iphazamisekile, inyoka enombala onsundu iphakamisela umzimba wayo ngaphezu komhlabathi bese igoba njengohlobo lwegama elithi “S”. Umlomo wakhe uvulekile, ulungele ukuluma. Ubuthi bubangela ukukhubazeka okuthuthukayo futhi kuvimbela ukuvela kwegazi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kufanele uthathe imithamo eminingi ye-antivenin ukumisa imiphumela yokudakwa. Izisulu zingadlula ngaphakathi kwemizuzu.
2. Inyoka ensundu yaseNtshonalanga (Pseudonaja nuchalis)
Obeye aziwe njengo: gada (gwardar)
Indawo yokuhlala: kusakazeke iningi le-Australia futhi akukho kuphela ezindaweni ezinamandla kakhulu empumalanga ye-Australia nasentshonalanga esentshonalanga ye-Australia
Yize inolaka oluncane kunomzala wayo wasempumalanga, inyoka ensundu yasentshonalanga nayo iyingozi kakhulu futhi iyiqembu leenyoka elibangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi e-Australia. Ngomkhathi, izinyoka ezinsundu ezisentshonalanga zisebenza ngempela futhi zinovalo. Njengoba bethukile, bazozama ukucasha, kepha lapho bedonswa ekhoneni bayaluma ngokushesha okukhulu kombani ngaphandle kokulibala, ukuze ngokushesha banyamalale.
Yize ubuthi babo bungeyona into enobuthi njengaleyo yenyoka ensundu, bayifaka kathathu uma ilunywa. Ukulunywa kwesinye isikhathi akunabuhlungu futhi kunzima ukukuqaphela ngenxa yamamaki amancane aqhamuka emazinyweni. Izisulu zizothola ubuhlungu bekhanda, isicanucanu, isisu esibuhlungu, i-coagulopathy (ukuphazamiseka kwegazi), futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukulimala kwezinso.
3. I-Tiger Snake (i-Notechis scutatus)
Obeye aziwe njengo: inyoka ejwayelekile yenyoka
Indawo yokuhlala: ogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia, ukusuka eNew South Wales naseVictoria kuya eTasmania nasekhoneni elikude leNingizimu Australia
Inyoka ye-tiger (inyoka ye-tiger inyoni) ibhekele inani lesibili ngobukhulu bokulunywa yinyoka e-Australia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoka zihlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ngasogwini olusempumalanga, kubandakanya nedolobha laseMelbourne. Bahehwa amapulazi nezigaba zezwe, lapho bezingela khona amagundane ebusuku nalapho izisulu ezingalindelekanga zingangena kuzo ebumnyameni.
Ukulunywa yinyoka kubulala abantu ngaphandle kwe-anti-venin, kubangele izinhlungu emilenzeni nasentanjeni, ukugungqa, ukubindeka nokujuluka, bese kuholela ekuphefumuleni nasekufeni komzimba. Ubuthi futhi bonakalisa igazi nemisipha, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwezinso.
Izinyoka ezindala zivame (kepha hhayi njalo) zidwengulwa ngemichilo, ziyehluka ngombala kusuka ophuzi ophuzi kuya komnyama kanye nomzimba oqinile, onemisipha ongakhula ufike kumamitha ayi-2. Ngesikhathi sengozi, inyoka iyithobisa intamo yayo ilume isisulu phansi.
4. I-Intrauterine Taipan (i-Oxyuranus microlepidotus)
Obeye aziwe njengo: inyoka enolunya (inyoka evuthayo) noma inyoka enenwele encane (inyoka enenhliziyo encane)
Indawo yokuhlala: emifantwini nasemifantwini emathafeni amatshe amile, lapho amazwe ase-Australia aseQueensland, South Australia, New South Wales kanye neNorth Territory adjoin.
I-inland taipan (inland taipan), njenge-restluse, ihlala ezindaweni eziqhelile, ezinamadwala. Le nyoka ingesinye sezingozi eziyingozi eziyishumi kuphela ngenxa yobuthi bayo obunobuthi, okukholakala ukuthi buyisihlungu esinamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni esingabulala umuntu omdala ngemizuzu engama-45.
Izingela endaweni evaliwe yezimbobo zensimbi enezinwele ezinde, i-taipan isebenzisa ubuthi bayo obunamandla ukubulala inyamazane yayo cishe khona manjalo, ifaka umjovo ngesilinganiso sobuthi izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-40,000 okwanele ukubulala amagundane angama-200 gramu. Isisulu ke sinethuba elincane lokumelana.
Abantu abambalwa (bonke abenyoka) abalunywe yinyoka isikhathi sonke. Bonke basinde ngemuva kosizo lokuqala kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela.
5. I-Coastal Taipan (i-Oxeuranus scutellatus)
Obeye aziwe njengo: I-taipan empumalanga (i-taipan empumalanga)
Indawo yokuhlala: sidlula ogwini olusempumalanga sisuka enyakatho yeNew South Wales siye eBrisbane nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Australia. Bayakuthanda nokuzingela emasimini omoba.
Ama-taipan asogwini (i-Coastal taipan) anama-fangs amade kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoka zase-Australia - millimeter ayi-13, kanti ubuthi bawo bube ubuthi besithathu obunobuthi kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinyoka emhlabeni.
Benovalo olukhulu futhi baqaphile, bazivikela ngesihluku uma kwenzeka behlaselwa noma bengafakwanga, beqandisa ngaphambi kokulimaza imibani eminingana lapho bephonsa amaphaphu abo. Kodwa-ke, azithambekele ekuxabaneni futhi zithanda ukugwema ukuxabana nabantu.
Ngaphambi kokuqamba ama-antivenin akhethekile ngo-1956, ukulunywa yiTaipan kwakucishe kufe njalo futhi kwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi. Ubuhlungu beTaipan buthinta amasistimu wezinzwa nokujikeleza, kubangela isicanucanu, ukuquleka, ukopha kwangaphakathi futhi kubhubhise izicubu nezinso. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa kungenzeka ngemizuzu engama-30 kuphela.
6. I-Mulga (Pseudechis australis)
Obeye aziwe njengo: inkosi brown inyoka
Indawo yokuhlala: yonke indawo e-Australia, ngaphandle kwaseVictoria, iTasmania namaphethelo aseningizimu ye-Australia ese-Australia - indawo enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinyoka zase-Australia.
Inyoka eyi-mulga (inyoka ye-mulga) inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke enobuthi e-Australia, futhi inesihlungu esikhulu kunazo zonke esiswini emhlabeni - i-150 mg ngokulunywa kanye, inyoka eyi-tiger eyisilinganiso ikhipha kuphela ama-10-40mg.
Umsindo walezi zinyoka ubukeka uhluka ngokuya ngendawo ahlala kuyo. I-mulga yaseningizimu kuthiwa inamahloni futhi ithule, kanti enyakatho inovalo kakhulu lapho iphazanyiswa - ishintsha amakhanda ukusuka ngapha nangapha izwakala kakhulu. Ama-mulga aluma ngesihluku, kwesinye isikhathi aze angawavuli imihlathi yawo kanye noshizi - ngasikhathi sinye ethula inani elikhulu lobuthi obunobuthi kakhulu endaweni yokuluma, ebhubhisa amaseli wegazi, kanye nezicubu zemisipha nezinzwa. Yize ngokuvamile yaziwa njengenyoka yasebukhosini onsundu, empeleni i-mulga iyilungu lohlobo lwezinyoka ezimnyama iPseudechis, ngakho-ke uma uluma udinga i-antivenin ngokumelene nesihlungu sezinyoka ezimnyama.
7. Inyoka enhle yase-Australia Copperhead (i-Austrelaps superbus)
Obeye aziwe njengo: i-denisonia enhle kakhulu noma i-zethusi evamile
Indawo yokuhlala: esimweni sezulu esipholile nesibandayo saseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Australia, eningizimu yeVictoria, iTasmania kanye neziqhingi zeBass Strait.
I-shaft etholakala ezindaweni eziphansi ukuphela kwenyoka enobuthi engatholakala ngaphezu komugqa weqhwa futhi isebenza ngesimo sezulu esivame ukubonwa njengebandayo kakhulu ngenxa yezinyoka. Isithandwa esinamanzi, inyoka enekhanda lethusi izizwa isekhaya ezungeze amadamu, ezindaweni zemashi, emiseleni, emiseleni yemigwaqo nasemgwaqweni.
Izinyoka ezinamakhanda ama-Copper zinamahloni futhi zithanda ukugwema abantu, yize zihlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi nezolimo. Njengoba zibekiwe, zikhala kakhulu, zithambisa imizimba yazo futhi ziphonse ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokuluma. Esimweni sokuphazamiseka okungaphezulu, bangase bahlasele, yize beshesha kakhulu ukuphonsa futhi bangaphuthelwa.
Ubuhlungu benyoka yethusi i-neurotoxic (obhubhisa uhlelo lwezinzwa). Kubhubhisa amaseli egazi nemisipha, kepha kuyaqabukela kubangele ukufa.
8. I-Blackish Lurker (i-Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens)
Obeye aziwe njengo: inyoka enamehlo amancane
Indawo yokuhlala: kusabalale ogwini olusempumalanga, ukusuka eVictoria eningizimu kuya ePeninsula yaseCape York enyakatho.
Njengoba inamasentimitha angama-50 ubude, inyoka enamehlo amancane ingahle ibonakale incinyane, kepha ubuthi bayo buqinile impela futhi akufanele bumbeke phansi. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngobuthi bayo, kepha ukulunywa kwayo kubangele ukuqubuka kwababambe izinyoka kanti kufa oyedwa owaziwayo. Ubuthi buqukethe i-myotoxin (i-myotoxin) esebenza isikhathi eside, eqhubeka isebenza kwezicubu zemisipha (kufaka phakathi izicubu zenhliziyo) izinsuku eziningi ngemuva kokulunywa.
Noma izinyoka ezivame kakhulu, ezifihla amehlo ziyizakhamuzi eziyimfihlo ebusuku ngakho-ke azivami ukuthintana nabantu. Ipendiwe ngombala omnyama noma omnyama ngesisu sesiliva, ahlangana nobusuku. Njengoba bethukile, bangaqala ukushesha ngolaka, kepha imvamisa abathambanga ukuluma.
9. Inyoka enjenge-Viper-enjengeyenyoka ebulalayo (Acanthophis antarcticus)
Obeye aziwe njengo: spinetail australian noma isengezo sokufa eseningizimu
Indawo yokuhlala: empumalanga ye-Australia (ngaphandle kwasenyakatho naseningizimu), eningizimu yeNingizimu Australia nase Ntshonalanga Australia
Inyoka enjengeyenyoka ebulalayo (isengezo sokufa esijwayelekile) ingumqamekeli ocasha ngokungenamaqabunga amaqabunga awile, isihlabathi noma amatshe, ahambisa isihloko somsila wayo - isihebe esifana nesibungu ukuheha inyamazane.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka ezizama ukucasha lapho umuntu esondela, kungenzeka ukuthi inyoka ebulalayo ihele, futhi kungaba nengozi yokuyinyathela, okwenza lezi zinyoka zibe yingozi kakhulu kumvakashi ongakhathaleli. Noma bethi inyoka ivame ukuluma kuphela uma ithintwe.
Ngaphambi kokuqalwa kwe-antivenin, cishe isigamu sokulunywa yinyoka saphela ekugcineni. Ubuthi buqukethe i-neurotoxin ebangela ukulahleka kokusebenza kwezimoto nezinzwa, kufaka phakathi ukuphefumula, okuholela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni.
10. Inyoka Emnyama Ebomvu (i-Pseudechis porphyriacus)
Obeye aziwe njengo: i-echidna emnyama noma inyoka emnyama ejwayelekile
Indawo yokuhlala: uhlala ogwini olusempumalanga oluseningizimu (kepha hhayi eTasmania) kanye nezindawo eziningana zaseningizimu-mpumalanga yeSouth Australia
Inyoka emnyama enobomvu ayisiyona inobuthi njengezinye izinyoka eziningi zase-Australia, kodwa kungenzeka ihlangabeze kuleli dolobha, futhi ukulunywa kwalo ngokuqinisekile akuyona imijovo yomiyane, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa.
Inyoka emnyama ebomvu ingesinye sezinyoka ezinkulu ezinobuthi ezisatholakala emgqeni weSydney, futhi ngobude bamamitha amabili ziyakwazi ukudla ezinye izinyoka. Abanayo intukuthelo ikakhulukazi futhi bagweme ukuhlangana nomuntu, uma kungenzeka, kodwa lapho okuthile kubasongela, bathambisa imizimba yabo nezwi elikhulu kakhulu.
Ubuthi budabula ukuqina kwegazi futhi lubangele ukulimala kwemisipha kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa, okwanele ukubangela imiphumela emibi kubantu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kuyaqabukela kubulawe. Akukho noyedwa owashona owabhalwa lapho kulunywe yilenyoka.
Ukusakazeka Kwenyoka Ebomvu
Inyoka emnyama enamabala abomvu isakazekela empumalanga naseningizimu ye-Australia.
Kutholakala esiqhingini saseNew Guinea. Akekho enyakatho yezwekazi lase-Australia naseTasmania kuphela. Kubonakala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia eduze kwaseSydney, Canberra, Adelaide, Melbourne, Cairns.
I-Red Snakes Habitat
Inyoka emnyama ebomvu inendawo yokuhlala enomswakama, etholakala ezigodini zemifula. Uhlala emahlathini asemadolobheni, emahlathini acabalele, phakathi kwezihlahlana. Ifakwe edamini, ngasemifudlaneni, emachibini nakwezinye izidumbu zamanzi.
Amazinyo anobuthi abekwe phambi komhlathi ongenhla.
Izici zokuziphatha kwenyoka emnyama ebomvu
Inyoka emnyama ebomvu ayisiyinhlobo enolaka, ayifuni ukuhlasela kuqala. Lapho impilo isongela, ifuna ukuphunyula kulowo omxoshayo. Kuboniswa ngomsebenzi wesikhathi sasemini. Lapho ichibi lifudumala, lingacasha ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe ihora, libhukuda futhi ligxume ngamandla. Ngemuva kokuzingela, ucasha ngaphansi kwezingodo, amatshe nezinqwaba zodoti. Ingena izimbobo, izimbobo kanye nemifantu.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, inyoka emnyama ebomvu yenyusa kancane izimbambo ezinhlangothini.
Kulesi simo, ukwakheka komzimba kuyacaba futhi kube kubanzi, kuyilapho i-reptile ifana ne-cobra ene-hood evuvukayo. Uma kwenzeka usongo olukhulu, inyoka iphakamisa intamo yayo ubude bube ngu-10 - 20 ngaphezulu komhlaba iphonsa umphambili womzimba isitha, ilume ngamazinyo anobuthi.
Inyoka emnyama enobomvu akuyona into enolaka
Emvelweni, izimpi zangempela zivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa balolu hlobo lwenyoka. Abesilisa ababili abanamakhanda bavuswe umbhejazane, bezama ukunyathela ikhanda lesitha. Lapho-ke owinileyo usonga ngokuqinile umzimba womuntu ophikisana naye azungeze umphikisi wakhe futhi amemezele onqintayo. Lapho-ke owesilisa onamandla athukulula ukubamba kwakhe, izinyoka zihlakazeka ukuze zandise umncintiswano futhi.
Ukuhlangana okukodwa kuthatha umzuzu owodwa, futhi wonke umqhudelwano uqhubeka kuze kube yilapho abesilisa sebephele amandla. Kwesinye isikhathi i-duel iba ngumlingisi onolaka, futhi izidalwa ezihuquzelayo zixubeke kakhulu kangangokuba “ibhola” elimnyama lingaphakanyiswa emhlabeni. Lo mzabalazo we-intraspecific ulwela ilungelo lokuba nensimu ethile futhi yenzeka phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana. Kodwa ngisho neenkontileka ezinonya kakhulu azenzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amazinyo anobuthi.
Inyoka Ebomvu Ebomvu
Idla izidlozi, izinyoka namaxoxo. Izinyoka ezincane ezimnyama zithanda izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-invertebrates, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane.
Inyoka emnyama enobomvu inobuthi obunobuthi obuyisebenzisela ukuthambisa isisulu futhi imvikele.
Ukuzalaniswa kwenyoka ebomvu enobomvu
Inyoka emnyama enobomvu ingesakho okuphilayo oku-ovoviviparous. Kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-40 amawundlu akhula emzimbeni wowesifazane. Iwundlu ngalinye lizalwa lizungezwe isaladi yewebhu. Ubude bekati bufika ku-12,2 cm. Inzalo iyashabalala kwezidlakudla kanye nezimo ezingezinhle zezemvelo, ngakho-ke yidlanzana nje labantu abavela ezihlotsheni abazalela izingane.
Inyoka emnyama enobomvu ingesakho okuphilayo oku-ovoviviparous.
Lapho bezalanisa inyoka emnyama enebomvu, abathandi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo bayiphatha ngokucophelela okukhulu, bazi ngezici zayo ezinobuthi. Kukhethwe i-terrarium evaliwe ukuze kulungiswe, umbuso wokushisa ugcinwa kukho - ama-22 aze afike kuma-28 degrees. Okokukhosela, izindlu zokhuni, ama-grottoes amatshe afakiwe, kungcono endaweni enomthunzi. Ama-chip amakhulu wezinkuni athululelwa udoti. I-terrarium ayikuvumeli ukoma komoya futhi yenza ukufafaza okumanzi kathathu ngesonto.
Inyoka emnyama enebomvu ibiliswa ngamagundane amancane, amagundane, amasele. Kungcono ukuthatha ukudla okufakazelwe, njengoba umzimba we reptile uhlangana nezinto ezinobuthi ezingaba semzimbeni wexoxo elihlala echibini elingcolile.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
🔴5. I-Coastal Taipan
Ngokungafani nesihlobo sayo, lolu hlobo lwe-taipan lwalukhethwe ugu lwase-Australia, luqala enyakatho yezwekazi, luwele ngezinyawo empumalanga luhamba nge-arc luze luphele nezifunda eziseningizimu.
Lapho uhlangana, kungcono ukunqamula i-taipan enjalo, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuhlangana nomuntu uyagobhoza, bese wenza ukuphonsa ngokushesha, okuvela lapho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuyiyeka. Enye ingozi ukuthi ngesikhathi ihlasela iluma kaninginingi, ingenisa ubuthi obuningi emzimbeni.
Qaphela ukuthi le taipan inamaphiko amade kakhulu kuzo zonke izinyoka zase-Australia, ezikhula ziye kuma-13 mm. I-TopCafe ikukhubaza ngamandla ukuthi ungasondeli isilwane esinjalo.
🔴6. Mulga
Enye enkulu kunazo zonke, enomzimba omkhulu, inyoka enobuthi yase-Australia, ihlala cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwekazi, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezimbili - iTasmania neVictoria.
Ikhula ibe ngamamitha amathathu ubude, futhi uma ilunywa, ikhipha kuze kufike ku-150 ml wobuthi emzimbeni wesisulu. Isidambisi kumele sinikezwe kungakapheli ihora ukulunywa, uma kungenjalo amathuba okufa aphezulu kakhulu.
Ngokuthabisisayo, imikhuba yama-mulgah iyahluka ngokuya ngesifunda sendawo yokuhlala. Abantu baseningizimu banomoya opholile, kepha abahlala enyakatho bayingozi futhi banolaka. I-mulga idla izinduku ezincane, izibankwa, futhi ibambe izitha zasemanzini e-Australia, kanye nezinyoni.
🔴 7. I-Viper Snake Ebulalayo
I-Acanthophis encane i-antarcticus, ekhula ibe yi-1 m ubude, ithanda izifunda ezinamahlathi nezindawo eziminyene ezwekazini. Iyasebenza ebusuku, futhi ikakhulukazi izinyoni, amagundane amancane nezinye izinyoka ziba ukudla.
Ngenxa yesimo sekhanda esingajwayelekile, inokubukeka okumangalisa kakhulu, kanti nomzimba onsundu uhlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshayo. Uzohlasela isisulu sakhe aqhamuke lapho angahlala khona isikhathi esingamahora, amane nje anciphise isipikili somsila wakhe, asisebenzise njengesibambo.
Zodwa azihlaseli, kepha kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungangeni inyoka ebulalayo, njengoba ochwepheshe bethi ikuluma kuphela uma uyithinta.
🔴8. Isiginayi esimangalisayo
Inyoka enhle kakhulu enamakhanda ethusi ase-Australia ikhetha izindawo ezinamathuthuka okuphila, kanye nezindawo zezintaba nezigodi.
Abantu abadala bafinyelela osayizi abangafika ku-1.5 m ubude, futhi ngenxa yombala wethusi wekhanda, lalithola igama lezinhlobo zalo. Izingela ikakhulu ngesikhathi sasemini, zidla amasele, izibankwa, namagundane amancane.
Izwa imnandi emanzini, futhi ngenxa yalokho imvamisa itholakala eduze namachibi. Uma ilunywa, ikhipha ubuthi obuqukethe into ye-neurotoxic emzimbeni wesisulu, ngakho-ke, ukuluma kwayo kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni nasekuphileni komuntu.
🔴 9. Inyoka Ebomvu Ebomvu
Kuzo zonke izinyoka zase-Australia, le enamakhanda amnyama ayinawo ubuthi obuningi, kepha umuntu uyakhumbula ukuluma kwayo isikhathi eside. Ilulwane oluyinqaba impela, futhi kaningi lungatholakala ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile kakhulu - emigwaqweni yedolobha noma ngemuva kwezindlu zezwe.
Inyoka enamamitha amabili ivame ukubonwa eSydney naseMelbourne, futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, bayakwazi ukudla ezinye izinyoka. Ngesikhathi sengozi, iyakhuphuka, njenge-cobra, intamo yayo, futhi iqonde ngokuxinana.
Ubuthi, ukungena emzimbeni womuntu, kuthinta uhlelo lwezinzwa futhi kuvimbele ukusebenza kwemisipha, okungaholela emiphumeleni emibi yempilo.
✅ KwaTopCafe.su ungathola okuthakazelisa kakhuluamaqiniso nge-Australia.
🔴 10. Mnyama Lurker
Le nyoka eyingozi isatshalaliswa kulo lonke ugu olusempumalanga yezwekazi, futhi ihlala isondela emadolobhaneni nasemadolobheni.
I-Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens, ekhula ingadluli ku-50 cm, inobuthi obunobuthi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthola endlini noma umhlangano endle, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu.
Uhola indlela yokuphila yobusuku, futhi ngenxa yombala wakhe omnyama cishe ungabonakali. Kepha inesimo sokuthula esinokuthula, futhi abantu bahlaselwa kuphela ezimweni ezingandile.
Ekugcineni
Ngakho-ke uhlu lwethu lwezinyoka ezinobuthi futhi eziyingozi kunazo zonke e-Australia seluphelile. Abanye babo banobuthi obulalayo, kanti abanye bahlukaniswa yimikhuba enolaka phakathi kwezihlobo zabo.
Ngokwezibalo ezikwi-Green Continent, kufa ama-4-6 ekufeni kwezinyoka ezinobuthi. Iqiniso ngukuthi izidalwa zase-Australia zithanda ukukhasa lapho zihlangana nomuntu, kunokuba zihlasele. Izinyoka eziningi zase-Australia aziboni abantu njengezisulu. Futhi basebenzisa ubuthi kuphela lapho bezingela ukuze bazitholele ukudla.
Uma unentshisekelo ngezilwane zase-Australia, uzoba nesifiso sokufunda i-athikili yethu ku-TopCafe mayelana nezicabucabu ezimangalisa kakhulu ezwekazini lase-Australia.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Inyoka Emnyama
Inyoka emnyama (Pseudechis porphyriacus) luhlobo lohlobo lwenyoka oluhlala empumalanga ye-Australia. Yize isihlungu saso singadala ukuwohloka okukhulu, ukulunywa yinyoka emnyama akuvamisile ukubulala futhi kungabi nobuthi obuncane kunokukuluma kwezinye izinyoka zase-Australia. Kuvamile ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, emahlathini nasezigudwini ezisempumalanga ye-Australia. Lesi ngesinye sezinyoka ezaziwa kakhulu e-Australia, njengoba zivamile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinyoka ezimnyama:
- inyoka emnyama ebomvu,
- Inyoka Collette
- Inyoka Mulga
- inyoka emnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ividiyo: Inyoka Emnyama
Uhlobo lwenyoka emnyama lubandakanya ezinye zezinyoka ezinhle kakhulu zase-Australia, kanye (mhlawumbe) nezinhlobo zayo ezinobuthi ezinkulu kunazo zonke - inyoka eyi-mulgu (kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- “Royal brown”). Ngakolunye umkhawulo wobungako besayizi obuvela enyoka ye-mulga yizinyoka ezinemifino emincane, ezinye zazo ezingavamile ukudlula kumamitha ayi-1 ubude. Izinyoka ezimnyama zihlukahlukene emvelweni futhi zitholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwekazi, ngaphandle kwaseningizimu-ntshonalanga neTasmania, cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo zokuhlala.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Yize izinyoka ezimnyama ezibomvu zinezinyoka ezinhle kakhulu, empeleni ukulunywa kwalezi zinyoka kubantu kuyinto engejwayelekile futhi imvamisa kungumphumela wokusebenzisana ngqo kwabantu nenyoka.
Emphakathini we-amateur herpetological, ukulunywa kwezinyoka ezimnyama ezibomvu akuvamisile ukuthi kuthathwe ngokungathi sína, okuyinto engenangqondo, ngoba i-myotoxicity engaphendukiyo ingadalwa ukubhalwa kwale nyoka uma ngabe umuthi wokuphikisa ungalawulwa ngokushesha (kungakapheli amahora ayisithupha ngemuva kokulunywa).
Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka eziningi ezinobuthi zase-Australia, ukulunywa yinyoka emnyama kungahlanganiswa nomonakalo omkhulu wendawo, kufaka phakathi i-necrosis (ukufa kwezicubu). Ngenxa yalokhu, ezimweni eziningi izingxenye kanye nezitho zomzimba wonke kwakumelwe zinqunywe ngemuva kokulunywa yilezi zinyoka. Omunye umphumela ongajwayelekile wokulunywa yinyoka emnyama kungukuphela kwesikhashana noma i-anosmia yaphakade (ukulahleka kwephunga).
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inyoka emnyama?
Inyoka emnyama ebomvu enomzimba omnyama onekhanda elivezwe kancane. Ikhanda nomzimba kucwebezelwe ngombala omnyama. Ngaphansi kubomvu ukhilimu onezinhlangothi eziphansi ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. Ithiphu lekhala livame ukuba nsundu. Inyoka emnyama enobomvu inombala wamehlo obonakalayo, ayinikeze ukubukeka okuhlukile. Ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ubude, yize izinyoka ezingamamitha ayi-1 ubude zivame kakhulu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ezinyoka zasendle, izinyoka ezimnyama ezibomvu zithanda ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo zibanga ngu-28 ° C ziye ku-31 ° C phakathi nosuku, zihamba phakathi kwezindawo ezinelanga futhi ezinomthunzi.
Inyoka kaCollette ingemndeni wezinyoka ezimnyama futhi ingenye yezinyoka ezinhle kakhulu zase-Australia. Inyoka kaCollette inyoka eyakheke kakhulu enomzimba oqinile nekhanda elibanzi, nelifiphele, elihlukile emzimbeni. Inephethini yemigqa engajwayelekile kusuka kokubomvu kuya kumabala we-salmon-pink kusizinda esimnyama noma esimnyama. Ingaphezulu lekhanda limnyama ngokulingene, yize isiphuzo singabambeka kancane. I-iris inombala onsundu ngombala obomvu onsundu ngokuzungeza isitshudeni. Izikali ze-ventral ziphuzi-orenji kokhilimu.
Izinyoka ezincane ezinemibala emnyama zingakhiwa ngokwangempela, kepha abantu abadala bavame ukuba namandla, inekhanda elijulile nezihlathi ezihlwabusayo. Ngasemuva, ezinhlangothini nasemsileni, zivame ukuba namaphimbo amabili, umbala omnyama umboza ingxenye ye-distal ibe ngamazinga angafani futhi angaba nsundu, abomvu ngombala, abe nsundu ngokubomvu noma abe nsundu.
Isisekelo senyoka imvamisa siphuzi-simhlophe siphuzi ngombala ophuzi, siqhathanisa nombala omnyama ukuthola umphumela wetha. Abantu abavela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezomile futhi abacishe babe nebala elimnyama, kanti abantu baseningizimu bacishe baba mnyama. Umsila, njengomthetho, umnyama ngaphezu komzimba, futhi ingxenye engenhla yekhanda inombala ofanayo, ofana nobumnyama bezikali zomzimba. Amehlo mancane nge-iris ebomvana ebomvana. Isisu ukhilimu ku-salmon.
Izinyoka ezimnyama eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zinombala ocwebezelayo onsundu- noma omnyama onsundu, onesisu esimnyama noma esimnyama. Abanye abantu bangaba no-ukhilimu ophuzi onsundu ngamabala (yingakho elinye igama labo - libona inyoka emnyama). Abanye bangaba phakathi phakathi kwalaba bobabili, babe nengxube yezikali eziphaphathekile nezimnyama ezakha imisho emincane edabukisayo edlulayo, kodwa ikhanda limnyama ngandlela zonke. Ikhanda libanzi futhi lijulile, alifani nomzimba oqinile. Ikamu elisobala leshiya libonakala ngenhla kweso elimnyama.
Ihlala kuphi inyoka emnyama?
Isithombe: Inyoka emnyama ngokwemvelo
Inyoka emnyama enobomvu imvamisa ihlotshaniswa nendawo yokuhlala emanzi, ngokuyinhloko izidumbu zamanzi, amaxhaphozi kanye namachibi (yize ingatholakala kude nalezi zindawo), amahlathi nezindawo ezinde. Ziphinde futhi zihlale ezindaweni eziphazamisekile nezigodi zasemakhaya futhi zivame ukutholakala ezizungeze imisele yemisele kanye nasemadamu amadamu. Izinyoka zifihla emadwaleni anotshani obukhulu, izingodo, imisele kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezingaphansi kwamatshe amakhulu. Izinyoka ngazinye zibonakala zisekela iziza ezimbalwa ezikhethwayo zokuhlala ngaphakathi kohlu lwazo lwasekhaya.
Izinyoka ezimnyama ezinamabala abomvu zitholakala zodwa enyakatho nasenkabeni-mpumalanga yeQueensland, bese kuthi ngokuqhubekayo zisuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeQueensland ziye empumalanga New South Wales naseVictoria. Okunye abantu abangahlobene kutholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNtaba iLoftie Mountain eseNingizimu Australia. Uhlobo lolu alutholakali esiQhingini saseKangaroo, yize kushiwo okuphikisana nalokho.
Inyoka kaCollette ihlala emathafeni ashubisayo afudumele namathafa omhlabathi omnyama, ogcotshwa ngezikhathi ezithile nezimvula ezinkulu. Bacasha ngemifantu yenhlabathi ejulile, emiseleni, nangaphansi kwezinkuni eziwile. Lezi zinyoka zivamile ezindaweni ezomile zangaphakathi enkabeni yeQueensland. Izinyoka zeMulga ziyindawo ebhebhetheke kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka e-Australia, kusukela kuleli zwekazi, ngaphandle kwezingxenye eziseningizimu nezaseningizimu esejwayelekile. Zitholakala naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Irian Jaya futhi mhlawumbe entshonalanga nePapua New Guinea.
Lolu hlobo lutholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene - ukusuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo ezivulekile kuya emihlangeni, izihlahlana kanye nezindawo ezingcolile ezingenalutho noma ogwadule lwesihlabathi. Izinyoka zeMulga zingatholakala nasezindaweni eziphazamiseke kakhulu, njengezindawo zikakolweni. Bacasha emiseleni yezilwane engasetshenziswanga, emijondolo yomhlabathi ejulile, ngaphansi kwezinkuni eziwile nangamatshe amakhulu, futhi nasemifantwini ejulile nasekujuleni kwamatshe ezindaweni ezingaphandle kuya phezulu.
Inyoka emnyama enamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala, kusukela ezikhukhuleni zemifudlana kanye namaxhaphozi omileyo ukuya emahlathini owomile kanye namahlathi. Baphephela ngaphansi kwezingodo eziwile, emijondolo yomhlabathi ejulile noma emiseleni yezilwane ezilahliwe, nakwezimila eziminyene ezibunjiwe. Inyoka le itholakala entshonalanga yamapheya asogwini eningizimu mpumalanga yeQueensland kanye nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga neNew South Wales.
Manje uyazi ukuthi inyoka emnyama itholakala kuphi. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe idlani inyoka emnyama?
Photo: Big Black Snake
Izinyoka ezimnyama ezibomvu zinezinyamazane ezinhlobonhlobo, kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi, ama-tadpoles, amasele, izibungu, izinyoka (kufaka nezinhlobo zazo) kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo. Bafuna kabanzi ukuphanga emhlabeni nasemanzini futhi, njengoba wazi, bakhuphuka ngamamitha ambalwa.
Lapho izingelwa ngamanzi, inyoka ingathola kuphela ukudla ngekhanda layo noma ukucwilisa ngokuphelele. Ukukhiqizwa okukhiqizwayo ngaphansi kwamanzi kungalethwa ngaphandle noma kugwenywe ngenkathi kufakwa emanzini. Izinyoka zabonwa zakha ngamabomu ngaphansi kokuzitika ngaphansi kwamanzi, njengoba zizingela, ngokusobala, ukuze zihlanze inyamazane efihlekile.
Inyoka kaCollette eyisithunjwa izokondla izilwane ezincelisayo, izibankwa, izinyoka namaxoxo. Izinyoka eziningi zasendle ezidla izinyamazane ezidla inyama yezilwane zasendle, ezibandakanya amasele, izinyamazane namaqanda, izinyoni namaqanda kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo. Izinhlobo futhi ngezinye izikhathi zidla ama-invertebrates kanye ne-carrion.
Izinyoka ze-mulg ngokusobala azinazo ubuthi okungenani bokuthi zizidle, inyoka ensundu yasentshonalanga, futhi azikhombisi imiphumela elimazayo lapho ilunywe yizinhlobo zazo. Ngeshwa, inyoka ye-mulga ayivikelekile ku-toad yomoba enobuthi, okukholakala ukuthi iyinciphisile inyoka kwezinye izingxenye ezisenyakatho zobubanzi.
Inyoka emnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka endle idla ama-vertebrates ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amasele, izibankwa, izinyoka nezilwane ezincelisayo. Ubuye adle ama-invertebrates angahleliwe. Izinyoka ezimnyama eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuyinhloko zingabazingeli bosuku, kodwa zingadla sekwephuzile kusihlwa ezifudumele.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyoka Emnyama Enobuthi
Ngenkathi yokuzalela kwentwasahlobo, abesilisa bezinyoka ezibomvu ezibomvu bafuna ngenkani abesifazane futhi, ngakho-ke, bachitha isikhathi esithe xaxa emvelweni futhi bahamba ngaphezu kwezinsikazi ezijwayelekile (kufika ku-1220 m ngosuku olulodwa).
Lapho isikhathi sokuzalela sishuba, abesilisa banciphisa ukusebenza kwabo, futhi ehlobo phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane akukho mehluko omkhulu eskhathini esichithwa ngaphandle, bayafudumala noma bahambe, futhi bobabili ubulili bufudumala kancane futhi bungasebenzi kakhulu, kunokuba babekhona entwasahlobo.
I-Collette Snake yizinhlobo eziyimfihlo futhi ezingandile ezifuywayo, kodwa futhi engasebenza ngakusasa kusihlwa. Izinyoka zeMulga zingasebenza imini nobusuku (kuya ngokushisa), ngomsebenzi oncishisiwe phakathi kwamabili futhi phakathi kwamabili kuya kokusa. Ezinyangeni ezishisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga, izinyoka ze-mulga ziba namandla kakhulu kusihlwa nasekupheleni kwamahora sekushonile ilanga.
Izimpi zabesilisa nokukhwelana kwabhalwa phansi ezinyokeni ezimnyama ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwenzeka phakathi kobusika nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo (ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba). Le mpi ibonakala ifaka ukulunywa kokuqala, bese kuluka ukhula bese kuxoshwa ngokulimana.
Izinyoka Zesifunda Esiluhlaza
Izinyoka zisetshenziswa kakhulu phambi kwabantu kangangokuba zivame ukusondela ezindaweni zokuhlala zasemadolobheni. Izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu kuzo ngamapulazi noma amadlelo. Abamele izinhlobo zezilwane ezinkulu bavakashele izitolo ezinkulu zase-Australia kaningana. Lapho abezindaba bendawo bevele benikeza imininingwane ngokusho kwavela ukuthi i-python enkulu kwenye yezitolo zaseQueensland, iwele ophahleni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-reptile ihlasela kuqala, ikwenza kuphela esimeni lapho izwa ingozi yempilo khona. Izakhamizi zase-Australia zikulungele kahle ukuhlangana nezinyoka: zonke izikhungo zezokwelapha, kanye cishe nayo yonke indlu, zinezakhamzimba ezisebenzayo - i-antivenin. Ukufa kuyivelakancane.
Izinyoka eziningi eziseGreen Continent zinoshevu. Lo mbhalo uzohlinzeka ngemininingwane yezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ezakha i-Australia kanye namanzi asogwini. Isidalwa ngasinye siyathandeka ngendlela yaso, futhi ngesinye isikhathi isithombe saso siyesabeka nje.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoka Emnyama Eyingozi
Izinyoka ezimnyama ezinamabala abomvu zivame ukuzitika entwasahlobo, ngabo-Okthoba nangoNovemba. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, amaduna alwa namanye amaduna ukuthola ukufinyelela kowesifazane. Le mpi ibandakanya izimbangi zethu ezimbili, ukusabalalisa izintamo zazo nokuphakamisa izitho zazo zangaphambili, ukusonteka izintambo komunye nomunye nokuhlangana phakathi komzabalazo. Izinyoka zingakhala kakhulu futhi zilume omunye nomunye (zingenawo ubuthi bazo). Le mpi ihlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwengxenye yehora, lapho omunye wabaphikisi eyeka ukunqotshwa, eshiya indawo.
Insikazi ibeletha cishe izinyanga ezine kuya kwezinhlanu ngemuva kokuzala. Izinyoka ezimnyama ezinobomvu azibeki amaqanda, njengezinye izinyoka eziningi. Esikhundleni salokho, zizala izingane ezi-8 kuya kwezingama-40 eziphilayo, ngazinye esikhwameni sazo se-membrane. Inyoka emnyama enobomvu ifinyelela ekuthangeni eminyakeni engaba ngu-2-3.
Iningi lalokho okwaziwayo nge-biology yokuzalaniswa kwezinyoka zikaCollette kuqhamuka ekubukeni izilwane zithunjiwe. Isikhathi sonyaka sokuqomisana nokukhwelana kubonakala singena phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthoba. Ukuqashelwa kwezithandani kubangelwe ukuthi owesilisa ulandela lowesifazane osanda kwethulwa, wakhasa emhlane wakhe futhi wenza ukungabaza nokugoba, ebamba umsila wakhe. Ukulinganisa kungahlala amahora angama-6. Cishe izinsuku ezingama-56 ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-14 (kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguDisemba), aqandusela kufika ezinsukwini ezingama-91 (kuya ngokuya ngokushisa kokufakwayo). Iphuphu lenza uchungechunge lokusikeka okude egobolondweni futhi lihlala eqandeni amahora angama-12 ngaphambi kokuba liqhume.
Ezindaweni zasenyakatho, ukukhiqizwa kwezinyoka ze-mulg kungahle kube ngesizini noma kuhambisane nesikhathi semvula. Isikhathi phakathi kokuqomisana kokugcina nokuganisana nokufakwa kweqanda kuyahlukahluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-39 kuye kwezingama-42. Ubukhulu bokubumbeka buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-19, okulinganiselwa cishe kwezingu-9. Amaqanda angathatha kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-70 kuye kwezingu-100 ukuqandeka, kuya ngeqondo lokushisa lokufakwa ngaphakathi. Lapho esekuthunjweni, izinyoka ezimnyama ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zigoqa ngokukhululekile ndawonye, futhi imisila yazo igoqa. Owesilisa kwesinye isikhathi uhambisa ikhanda emuva naphambili ngomzimba wowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukopishwa, okungahlala kuze kube ngamahora amahlanu. Ngemuva kokuphola ngempumelelo, owesilisa akasabonisi isifiso kowesifazane.
Amaqanda ama-5 kuye kwayi-17 abekwa, okungathatha izinsuku ezingama-87, kuya ngeqondo lokushisa lokufakwa ngaphakathi. Ukukhula okuncane kuhlala eqandeni layo usuku noma ezimbili ngemuva kokusika iqanda, bese kushiya ukuqala impilo ezimele.
Inyoka ensundu yaseNtshonalanga, noma umqaphi
IGvardar isisondele endaweni enkulu yezwekazi lase-Australia, ingatholakala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwezifunda ezinomswakama omkhulu. Inyoka ibhekwa njengenganolaka kangako uma iqhathaniswa nalena echazwe ngenhla, kepha ayinangozi kangako kubantu. Unesimo sokuthuthumela kakhulu. Uma inyoka ensundu yasentshonalanga izwa ukuthi iwele ogibeni, iphume ngaphandle kokulibala. Ukuluma kwakhe kubuhlungu kakhulu. Enye into engathandeki yalolu hlobo inani elikhulu lobuthi obukhishwa ngesikhathi sokulunywa; liphakeme kathathu inani lezinyoka ezinsundu. Isisulu siqala ukuzizwa sigula, kuqhamuke ikhanda elinzima, indlela yokuxinana kwegazi iphazamisekile, kungahle kube nezinkinga zezinso.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoka ezimnyama
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inyoka emnyama?
Izidlakudla zodwa ezibhalisiwe zezinyoka ezimnyama ezinamabala abomvu, ngaphandle kwabantu, zingamakati asendle, yize kucatshangwa ukuthi ziyizisulu zabanye abantu abaziwayo, isibonelo, ama-brown falcons nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa nezintsha zithola ukuqagela kwezinyoni ezincane ezidla inyama, ezinjenge-kookaburras, ezinye izinyoka, amasele, kanye nama-invertebrates anjengezicabucabu ezibomvu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Inyoka emnyama enebomvu ingena engcupheni yobuthi bezinto zobuhlalu, futhi isheshe ife ngenxa yokugwinya noma ngisho nokubathinta nje. Kukholakala ukuthi ukwehla kwabo ezingxenyeni zeQueensland kanye nenyakatho yeNew South Wales kungenxa yobukhona be-toads, yize kwezinye izindawo inani labo lisalulama.
Izinhlobo ezaziwayo zama-endoparasites zifaka:
- acanthocephalans,
- ama-cestode (tapeworms),
- nematode (ama-roundworms),
- ama-pentastomids (izibungu zolimi),
- ama-trematode.
Izinyoka ezinkulu ze-mulg zinezitha ezimbalwa, noma kunjalo izinhlobo ezincane zingaba izisulu zezinyoni ezidla inyama. I-endoparasites eyaziwayo yezinhlobo zifaka nematode. Abantu abadala bavame ukuphatha isibalo esikhulu semikhaza. Njengoba kunikezwe ukwesaba komuntu kwanoma iyiphi inyoka, eziningi zalezi zilwane ezingenangozi ziyafa lapho abantu behlangana nazo. Izinyoka ezimnyama, njengomthetho, zibaleka ngokushesha uma zizwa ukuba khona komuntu oseduze.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoka Emnyama
Yize kungalinganiselwa ukuthi inyoka emnyama emhlabeni wonke ibingalinganiswa, ibhekwa njengejwayelekile ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Isibalo sendawo yenyoka emnyama ebomvu sivele sanyamalala ngenxa yokungeniswa kobuhlalu bomhlanga. Uma inyoka izama ukudla i-toad, iyoba yisisulu semfihlo yento enobuthi yale toad. Kodwa-ke, manje sekubonakala sengathi ezinye zalezi zinyoka ekugcineni zifundisa ukugwema ubuhlalu, futhi isibalo sazo seziqala ukululama.
Izinyoka ezimnyama ezinobomvu zingenye yezinyoka ezivame kakhulu ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia, futhi unyaka ngamunye zinesibalo sokuluma okuningi. Izinyoka ezinamahloni futhi, njengomthetho, ziletha ukuluma okungathí sina ezimweni zokungena ngaphakathi. Lapho isondela endle, inyoka emnyama enobomvu ivame ukubanda ukugwema ukutholwa, futhi abantu bangasondela ngokungazi ngaphambi kokubhalisa ukuba khona kwenyoka.
Uma usondele kakhulu, inyoka imvamisa izama ukubalekela endaweni eya kuyo, lapho, ngemuva kwesibukeli, inganikeza umbono wokuthi inyoka iqala ukuhlasela. Uma yehluleka ukuphunyuka, inyoka izosukuma ibambe ikhanda ngaphambili nangomhlane wayo, kepha ifane nomhlabathi, ilule kakhulu intamo yayo ibuye ihlabe umkhosi, futhi ikwazi nokushaya ngomlomo wayo ivaliwe.
Inyoka emnyama aziwa kahle e-Australia ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwayo ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe, kubandakanya nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Izimo zengqondo ngalezi zinyoka ezingenabungozi kakhulu ziyaguquka kancane, kepha zisabonakala kaningi njengosongo oluyingozi futhi zihlukunyezwa ngokungafanele. Ubuthi bayo buthakathaka kunobuthi bezinye izinyoka futhi akukho mibiko yokubulawa kwabantu ngalezi zinyoka.
Inyoka yeCopperhead
Shono inyoka inelinye igama - i-denisonia ebabazekayo: i-reptile mihle impela. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zokukhuthazela: iyasebenza kakhulu ezinkombeni zokushisa ezahlukahlukene, noma ngabe kubanda ngokwanele ngaphandle. Izindawo eziseduzane namadamu, imisele, imashi, imigwaqo, imigwaqo edonsa amanzi - konke lokhu kuyizindawo ezithandekayo zokuxazululwa kwenyoka enekhanda lethusi. Ubude bomuntu buba yimitha eyodwa noma isikhathi eside; inyoka inesilinganiso esikhulu esibi. Abamele lolu hlobo, abakhethe ipulani lokuhlala, bahlala belula kakhulu kunalabo abahlala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni. I-denisonia ebabazekayo inyoka e-viviparous. Ngesinye isikhathi, kungazalwa amawundlu angama-20. Ubuthi obuyingozi buyi-neurotoxic. Lapho ilunywa, ithinta ikakhulukazi amaseli wesistimu yezinzwa negazi. Ngenhlanhla, cishe awekho amacala abulalayo.
Inyoka yesihlahla sase-Australia
Ungomunye wabamele umndeni wakwa-Aspida, kufanele uphawulwe owakudala kakhulu nowokuqala. Izinyoka zavela ezwekazini lase-Australia kudala lapho zihlukana neGondwana. Bathatha kahle izimpande lapho, ukuthula kwabo akuphulwanga ngabamele imindeni yama-viper ne-pithead, abangakwazanga ukungena ezweni elingaphesheya. Ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zama-aspid kuyanda, kuvela izinyoka eziluhlaza.
Inyoka yesihlahla eluhlaza ingatholakala futhi emahlathini kwelinye izwekazi, eNtshonalanga Afrika. Kuliqiniso, uyingxenye yomndeni wakwa-Viper. Enye ingxenye yomhlaba, e-Asia, inemibono yokuba khona kwendawo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo enegama elifanayo. Inyoka ihlala eNdiya, inomzimba owenziwe isicaba ofana nebhande elisesimweni.
Inyoka Dubois
Kukhona abamele abaningi abanobuthi balesi sigcawu sezilwane eziphindaphindayo, noma kunjalo, indawo abahlala kuyo akuyona indawo yezwekazi, kepha ukujula kolwandle. Imvamisa asazi ukuthi lezi zidalwa zibukeka kanjani. Isibalo sezinhlobo zezinyoka zasolwandle ezilima izindawo ezihlala olwandle lwase-Australia zifinyelela ezingamashumi amathathu. Abaningi, ngeshwa, banobuthi kakhulu. Inyoka ye-Dubois ingummeleli ohlaba umxhwele kakhulu ohlala endaweni yasemanzini. Waziwa kakhulu ngokuphefumula ngosizo lwamaphaphu akhe futhi ngokuntywila okukhulu. Izizwa ikhululekile impela ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi ingahlala lapho amahora amabili. Kodwa-ke, konke kukude kakhulu nokuba muhle ngokuluma kwakhe. Ubuthi ngokuyinhloko bukhubaza uhlelo lokuphefumula, ukufa ngokugcwala kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, emizuzwini embalwa.
Isidalwa esijikelezayo sihlala kumamitha ayi-30. Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi ucebile kakhulu kumakhorali, i-algae, lapho, phakathi kwesilika nesihlabathi, ungathola inani elikhulu lokudla ngesimo se-invertebrates nenhlanzi. Ngaphandle kwithuba elihle kakhulu lenyoka yokuzingela, lapha, ekujuleni, kunezindawo ezilungele indawo yokuhlala. Amaphaphu alo muntu ahlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile: kwesokudla sikhulu kakhulu kunesobunxele futhi senza umsebenzi webhadi lokubhukuda. Lapho inyoka icwila, ama-valves akhethekile avale ukuvuleka kwamakhala futhi avimbele amanzi ukuthi angangeni emaphashini. Isilwane esihuquzelayo siyakwazi ukukhipha umoya-mpilo ngokuqondile emanzini. Ingena ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lomgodi womlomo, lapho kutholakala khona imithambo yegazi emincane. Ngosizo lwazo, umoya-mpilo uyangenwa emanzini. Konke lokhu kuvumela inyoka yasolwandle ukuba ibe ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside impela.
Umbheki
Kubhekwa njengenyoka yolwandle eyingozi kakhulu ogwini olusenyakatho yezwekazi. Ibizwe ngemuva kososayensi waseNgilandi u-Edward Belcher, umbala walenyoka unemigqa. Engcupheni ngokuyinhloko amatilosi nabadobi: Inyoka kaBelcher ivela ngezikhathi ezithile kumanetha kanye nokunye okubanjwayo. Ubuthi balesi sakhamizi sasolwandle sinamandla kangangokuba i-1 mg kuphela yanele ukubulala abantu abayinkulungwane. Ukuchazwa kwaleli banga lobuthi kulula kakhulu. Umuntu ngamunye udla kakhulu inhlanzi enegazi elibandayo, futhi kulula kakhulu ukubekezelela ukulunywa yinyoka. Ukubulala inhlanzi, kuthathwa umthamo obalulekile wobuthi, ngalo mqondo, izinduku zilula kakhulu futhi zizisulu ezinhle kakhulu, kepha azikho olwandle olujulile. Izindlela zenyoka kaBelcher nomuntu ezivame ukuhlangana, izinsongo ezivela kubo zincane kakhulu kunokwezakhamuzi ezinobuthi bezwekazi.
Izinyoka Zolwandle Eziqothulayo
Kungekudala, izazi zezinto eziphilayo eyunivesithi eQueensland zaba nenhlanhla yokuthola izinyoka zasolwandle ogwini lwezwekazi. Inhlanhla yayiwukuthi lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zazithathwa njengezinyamalele isikhathi eside. Ngokusho kwemininingwane yakamuva etholakalayo ngaleso sikhathi, lezi zidalwa zaziphila phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, kepha lokho kwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule. Ososayensi babejabule kakhulu ngokutholwa, baqala ukubheka kakhulu abantu, bahlaziya uhlobo lokusongela okungenzeka lukhona ngokunyamalala kwabo. Enye yezinhlobo ezitholakele inyoka yasolwandle enezinwele ezimfishane, okungenye yezindlela ezingandile emhlabeni. Ezinye izinhlobo zokutholwa zatholakala ngenkathi kudotshwa imfanzi, okusho ukuthi izinhlobo zazo zisengozini enkulu ngenxa yalefishari.
Siyethemba ukuthi manje usunokuqonda okugcwele kwezinyoka ezinoshevu kakhulu ezihlala eGreen Continent, nokuthi kuyingozi kangakanani ngabantu ukuthi bahlangane nazo.