- IQINISO EBALULEKILE
- Isikhathi sokuphila nendawo yokuhlala (inkathi): Isikhathi seCretaceous (eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100-93 edlule)
- Kutholakele: 1915g, Egypt
- UMbuso: Izilwane
- I-Era: Mesozoic
- Uhlobo: Chordates
- Isikwele: I-Lizard-pelvic
- Iqembu elingaphansi: Theropods
- Iklasi: Zavropsida
- I-squadron: Ama-Dinosaurs
- Umndeni: ama-Spinosaurids
- Uhlobo: Spinosaurus
Indawo yokuhlala yasemanzini neyasemhlabeni. Kuyabonakala kalula sibonga “umkhumbi” waso ongaxekile emuva nesigaxa, esidonsa njengezingwenya, sidonswa phambili. Unesigaxa eside kunazo zonke phakathi kwabo bonke abasizi abatholakala bezinto zomzimba (kufika ku-1,98 m ubude).
Ubuye nomsila onamandla, ukushaya kwawo okungadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitheni noma kumgxobe phansi.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, izinsalela zalesi silwane esidla inyama satholakala eGibhithe, futhi sachazwa ngonyaka we-1915 eMunich ngudokotela wobuso bezimbali waseJalimane u-Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach. Ngenxa ye-spinosaur, kutholwe umndeni omusha wama-spinosaurids, ohlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zama-dinosaurs, isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu kubo ungumcasuli, futhi wayengenamazinyo aqondile.
Ngabe udleni nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokuphila
Ukuzingela akuzange kwenzeke emaphaketheni, njengakwizinyamazane eziningi, kodwa kusizodwa. Wayengazingela ama-pterosaurs kanye nemithi yesikhathi ngaleso sikhathi, elinde izisulu zakhe endaweni yokuqamekela. Imvamisa akazange enze ukuthi ohlukunyeziwe alinde isikhathi eside ngokufa kwakhe, wazama ukuthatha impilo yakhe masinyane, ngoba wayeluma intamo yakhe.
Kepha ngaphandle kwakho konke, ukudla okuyinhloko bekubandakanya izinhlanzi, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kuhlasele oshaka, izimfudu kanye nezingwenya - ungene echibini futhi alinde nethuba lokuhlasela nokudla izinhlanzi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Akumangalisi ukuthi ubukeka njengezingwenya, njengabo, wayethanda ukuhlala emanzini, ajabulele ukuthula bese kuphela eseqala ukuzingela. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi nenye i-salmon, wayedla u-carrion ohlukahlukene.
Imininingwane yesakhiwo somzimba
Wayenobukhulu obukhulu nesigaxa esinamandla. Ngisho nemidondoshiya edumile njenge-giototosaurus neTirannosaurus ayikwazanga ukufinyelela osayizi onjalo; ungumbusi omkhulu kunabo bonke abadayisi basemhlabeni. Njengoba ubona esithombeni, izindunduma eziphakeme, ezazimbozwe ngesikhumba, zagcwala emgogodleni we-spinosaurus. Eduze nendawo, mude kunalawo asezansi yentamo nomsila. Ispike eside kunazo zonke sasingamamitha ayi-2, ukunemba - 1,8 m. “I-Sail” yayisetshenziselwa ukuheha abantu besifazane futhi yayiyithuluzi elibonisa ukwelashwa.
Ubukhulu
Ngokude, abantu abadala bafinyelela ku-15 - 18m, ama-dinosaurs asemasha nawo ayemakhulu impela - 12m
Ekuphakameni kwe-4 - 6m (kuya ngokuthi i-zavr imile imilenze emingaki, 4 no-2, ngokulandelana)
Isisindo somzimba - kusuka ku-9 kuye ku-11.5t (umuntu omdala), u-5t - zavr osemncane
Ikhanda
Ubuso besixoka bebufana nobuso bezingwenya zamanje. Isigaxa sasisikhulu, kepha sincishisiwe ekuqaleni komhlathi, lapho kwakukhona amazinyo abukhali ngobuhlakani (ayengaluma nganoma yisiphi isikhumba). Kwakunamazinyo ambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa: ukuqala komhlathi ongaphezulu nangaphansi wayenamazinyo amade ayi-7, kuthi ngemuva kwawo - u-12 - 13 ohlangothini ngalunye lwaluncane, kepha lubukhali ngokulinganayo.
Izimbotshana
Kuze kube manje, izinsalela ezigcwele zama-paws abo azikatholakali, ososayensi bekufanele basebenze isikhathi eside ukuphinda babonakale ukubukeka kwabo. Kuyaziwa nje ukuthi bekukhona aba-4 kubona kanti ngamunye wayenezinqaqa eziqatha. Imilenze yangemuva yinde kunokwangaphambili, kepha ibingafani kakhulu ngamandla, i.e. babenamandla amakhulu okubamba isisindo somzimba ngezinyawo futhi baklebhule izisulu zabo.
Habitat
USpinosaurus wayehlala endaweni eseNyakatho Afrika yanamuhla. Njengamanje, izidumbu zakhe zitholakala eMorocco naseGibhithe. Kuphakathi kwemingcele yezwe lokugcina lapho kwatholakala iminonjana yabantu abakhulu kunayo yonke. Indawo yedayinaso yambozwa yinethiwekhi yemifula encane evunguza. Kwakumanzi ngesikhathi sokuphumula isilo esithanda ukuchitha isikhathi saso esiningi.
Ukubukeka
Ngokwemiqondo yanamuhla, isipinashiurus singafinyelela ubude obungu-16-18 m nobunzima obungu-7-9 t (yize abanye ososayensi becabanga ukuthi isisindo sedayinaso sisondele ku-20 t) futhi sikhule sifinyelela ku-8 m.
I-Spinosaurus "Sail" yinto mpikiswano engasasebenzi amashumi eminyaka. Asazi ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sonke sasibukeka kanjani empeleni: kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-vertebrae kuze kufike ku-1,8 m ubude (ngokuqondile, izinhlonze, ngoba igama elithi "spinosaurus" lisho ukuthi "isikhumba esidengekile"), simbozwe ngesikhumba kuphela, noma mhlawumbe ubambe imisipha enamandla nemisipha. Esimweni sokuqala, isipinashi sangempela sasinayo “isikebhe” esincanyana emhlane waso, kanti kwesesibili kwakungu-hump enkulu nene.
Kwakuyini “umkhumbi”? Akukaziwa ngqo, kepha mhlawumbe wayengayenza imisebenzi ye-thermoregulation, kanye nokuxhumana, aqhekeze amanye ama-dinosaurs kuye futhi abonise nje. Mhlawumbe ibinombala ogqamile futhi idonsela ukunakwa kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala. Omunye wososayensi uphakamise ukuthi ngemuva kwesibankwakazi kwakukhona i-hump enamafutha esiza i-dinosaur ukuthi iphilele lapho kungekho khona inani elidingekayo lokudla.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi: isipinosaurus singahamba ngemilenze emibili nemine. Amaphambili, afakwe iminwe emithathu enezinsika ezinde ezibukhali, avumela isilwane ukubamba inyamazane ebanjiwe siqine. Imilenze yezandla yayiseminwe emine ngomunwe owodwa owakhiwe ngaphansi, kanti okuseleyo kwakuwumthwalo oyinhloko lapho uhamba.
ISpinosaurus yayiphethe ugebhezi olukhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-dinosaurs aqukethe umzimba. Kubantu abakhulu kunabo bonke, ifinyelele kumamitha angu-2 ubude. Ukwakheka kwesigebhezi, kanye nendawo nokwakheka kwamazinyo afana nezingwenya. Kwakunamazinyo amancane ayi-12 kuya emuva emuva komlomo, kanti ngamazinyo ayisikhombisa amade kakhulu ayephambi komhlathi.
Indlela yokuphila
Ngenxa yokufana kwemikhuba nokwakheka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba walesi dinosaur, imvamisa iqhathaniswa nengwenya, ngosayizi wayo engaqhathaniswa kuphela nemihlathi ye-spinosaurus. Ukudla kwesilo sasendulo ikakhulukazi kwakubandakanya izinhlanzi. Wayengambamba njengengwenya. Ukulandela inyamazane, ispinosaurus ifihle emanzini futhi ishiye kuphela amathumbu namehlo ngaphandle.
Ngokwenye inguqulo, wadoba ngendlela ibhere yesimanje enza ngayo: isilwane sasendulo sabuka amanzi, sabe sesihlwitha inyamazane emfuleni ngomlomo waso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pangolin yayingazingela ama-dinosaurs e-herbivorous, ikakhulukazi kwisomiso, lapho idinga eminye imithombo yokudla okunempilo. Ubukhulu be-spinosaurus, amazinyo abukhali nemihlathi eqinile iphakamisa ukuthi ngisho nama-sauropods amakhulu aba izisulu zawo: ama-spinosaurus alula intamo yawo, futhi ama-dinosaurs asheshe afa. Mhlawumbe ibhungane lalidla izidumbu.
Ama-Spinosaurs ayehlala futhi azingelwe yedwa, ekhubeka ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kungenzeka ukuthi abesilisa babenolaka komunye nomunye.
Ukuhlukaniswa
I-spinosaurus yaqamba igama layo emndenini we-dinosaur, ama-spinosaurid, ngaphandle kwakhe okubandakanya i-baryonyx evela eningizimu yeNgilandi, irritator kanye ne-angaturama abavela eBrazil, i-zuhomim evela eNiger e-Central Africa, futhi mhlawumbe ne-siamosaurus, eyaziwa ngezingcezwana zezinsalela eThailand. I-spinosaurus isondele kakhulu kunkampani yokunisela, nayo enamazinyo aqondile angasho lutho, futhi womabili afakwa esizweni sakwaSpinosaurinae.
Kwisiko elidumile
Isipinosaurus sivela kwifilimu yango-2001 iJurassic Park III, lapho abenzi befilimu bavele khona phambi komphakathi jikelele njengomphikisi ophambili, yize umashiqela ebambe iqhaza kule ndima kumafilimu amabili edlule. Kwifilimu, i-spinosaurus yethulwe kakhulu futhi inamandla kune-tyrannosaurus: endaweni yesehlakalo lapho, empini phakathi kwezitha ezimbili, ophumeleleyo yi-spinosaurus, egoqa intambo ye-tyrannosaurus. Eqinisweni, impi enjalo ayikwazanga ukuthi yingoba bobabili ama-dinosaurs aqhamuka emazwenikazi ahlukene futhi ephila ngezikhathi ezihlukile, kepha abahloli befilimu banquma ukuqoqa ama-dinosaurs esiqhingini esisodwa futhi "bahlole amandla abo." Ababhali bale filimu kungenzeka banqume ukuthi isithombe sodlame njenge "villain main" sesiphelelwe yisikhathi, kanti ispinosaurus sakhethwa ukuba sisisuse ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo okungaxakile nokubonakala okubi, kanye nobukhulu bayo obukhulu.
Futhi, i-spinosaurus ivela kumafilimu agqwayiziwe "Umhlaba Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi XII: Usuku Olukhulu Lezinyoni", "Ice Age-3. IDinosaur Era (Rudy) nesizini yesine yochungechunge oluhle kakhulu lwePrimical.