Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile nezingajwayelekile kule planethi kukhona isilwane, okuyigama laso elisho okuningi inkanyezi, noma i-snout yegama eliphakathi.
Ekhaleni elisesimweni senkanyezi enamakhompiyutha amaningi, ehlelwe ukumba imigudu engaphansi komhlaba futhi isebenza ngokuphelele njengomqondo wokuthinta, kuwuphawu lwesakhamuzi saseNew World somndeni womuthi.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Umzimba wezilwane uqhathaniswa nezihlobo: uqine, ungqimba ngesimo, nekhanda elide entanyeni emfushane. Amehlo mancane, akabonakali. Umbono awunamandla. Akunama-auricles.
Izinzwani ezisezandleni zangaphambili zinomude, zibunjiwe, okwenziwe ngezihlakala ezinkulu. Izimbambo ziphendulwe zangaphandle ukuze kube lula futhi zisebenze umhlaba. Amawele ezinsikazi anesihlakala esiyisihlanu ayalingana nengaphambili, kepha awafani nezindlela zokumba njengangaphambili.
Ubukhulu izinkanyezi mncane, cm 10- 13. Umsila unezela amanye amasentimitha angama-8. Mude kunawamanye ama-moles, ambozwe ngoboya obunzima futhi agcina amanoni ebusika. Ngakho-ke, emakhazeni, ubukhulu bawo banda izikhathi ezingama-3-4. Isisindo sezilwane esiphelele singama-50-80 g.
Ijazi limnyama, linsundu, licishe laba mnyama ngombala. Amancanyana futhi acwebile, aqinile futhi awamanzi kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Lokhu kubeka i-starfish ngaphandle kwezinye izimvukuzane.
Kepha umehluko omkhulu nokuqukethwe kulele ekucwaseni okungajwayelekile ngesimo senkanyezi. Emaceleni emakhaleni kutholakala ukukhula kwesikhumba okuyi-11 ohlangothini ngalunye. Yonke imisebe ihamba ngokungajwayelekile, ithinta futhi ihlole ukuhlelwa kwezinto eziningi ezincane ezisendleleni.
Ikhala elimangalisa kangaka lisebenza njenge-electroreceptor, ethatha iziphikiso ukusuka ukunyakaza kwezinyamazane ngesivinini esiphezulu. Emathendeni ekhaleni, aze afike ku-4 mm ngosayizi, kukhona iziphetho zezinzwa, imithambo yegazi esiza ukubona inyamazane.
Ngomzuzwana ohlukanisayo, isilwane sinquma esidliwayo. Ikhala elihlukile lesilwane libhekwa njengesitho esithinta kakhulu emhlabeni. I-star mole ayikwazi ukudideka nanoma ubani. Izifunda zaseMpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, eningizimu mpumalanga yeCanada - indawo yayo.
I-Stargazer ukubhukuda okuhle
Eningizimu yezwekazi, kukhona abamele ama-starfish, amancane kakhulu ngosayizi. Izimvukuzane zithanda indawo enomswakama enezimpawu zemabula, izimbulu, iziqongo, izihlahla ezinde namahlathi. Uma sisuswa endaweni eyomile, khona-ke akukho okudlula kumamitha ayi-300-400 ukusuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Itholakala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo kuze kufike ku-1500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Akukho okuhlukile ezihlotsheni zemvukuzane, izinkanyezi dala ama-labyrinths wezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ukulandelela ngesimo sezindunduma zobumba endaweni eyisicaba kunika indawo yazo.
Eminye yemihubhe iholela endaweni yokugcina amanzi, eminye ixhumeke kumagumbi okuphumula ahlomile. Izitshalo ezomile, amaqabunga namahlumela ziqongelela lapho. Amacala aphezulu, asondele ebusweni bomhlaba, awokuzingela, imigodi ejulile yendawo yokukhosela ezitheni nasekukhuliseni inzalo.
Ubude bendawo yonke yemigudu bufinyelela kumamitha angama-250 ukuya kwangama-200. Ijubane lokuhamba kwesilwane ngemigudu liphakeme kunesivinini segundane eligijimayo. Kuyasebenza izinkanyezi moles inobungane kakhulu nento yamanzi. Ababhukudi abahle futhi abahlukahlukene, baze bazingele nangaphansi kwechibi.
Ebusika, uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi kwekhava lweqhwa emanzini. Azizi ekuweni hibernation, ngakho-ke zizingela imini nobusuku izakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi futhi zithola izinambuzane zobusika ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa.
Phezu komhlaba, izinkanyezi zisebenza kakhulu kunama-moles. Zinezindlela zazo kanye nezindlela zazo emajiyeni aminyene nangamahlamvu awile lapho izidalwa eziphilayo ezincane zihamba khona. Ubukhazikhazi bezilwane bubenza bambe imigodi emisha uma kungekho kudla okusele emhubheni edlule.
Imvukuzane yenza uhambo lokuzingela amahlandla ama-4-6 ngosuku, okuthi phakathi kwayo iphumule futhi idle inyamazane yayo. Uhlangothini lokuphila luyabonakala. molehill ekwakheni amakoloni amancane.
Cishe abantu abangama-25- 40 bawa ehektheleni elilodwa lendawo. Amaqembu awazinzile, kuvame ukuhlukana. Ukuxhumana kwabantu abathandana nobungqingili ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuphawula kubalulekile.
Abaphuli bezinkanyezi bahlala befuna ukudla, kepha bona uqobo bayizinto ezijwayelekile zokuzingela izinyoni zasebusuku, izinja, ama-skunks, izimpungushe, ama-martens nezihlobo zabo. Ama-Largemouth perches nama-bullfrogs angagwinya i-starfish ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ebusika, lapho kunokuntuleka kokudla, izinyamazane zidonsa izinyoni zasendlini ezivela emagumbini angaphansi komhlaba. Kwama-falcons nezikhova, lokhu futhi kuyisidlo esimnandi.
Esithombeni, i-starfish encane
Amandla we-Starfish
Izilwane zingathola inyamazane yonke indawo: ebusweni bomhlaba, ekujuleni kwenhlabathi, emanzini. Esikhathini esiningi ukudla kwabo kuqukethe iminyundu, iminyuzi, izibungu, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izinhlanzana ezincane nezinhlawulo ze-crustacean. Ngisho namaxoxo amancane namagundane athola ukudla kwawo.
Ukuzwela okuphezulu kwezitho zokuthinta kusiza inkanyezi-imhole ukuthola isisulu esinama-tentacle ebusweni bayo futhi siyibambe ngezihlakala zangaphambili zaso. Ukubamba okusheshayo kwehlukanisa isilwane njengenye yezilwane ezizingela kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokudla okuningi, ukubulawa yindlala kwe-starfish kukwenza ukuthi adle ukudla njengoba enesisindo. Kepha kwezinye izinkathi, isilinganiso saso esijwayelekile sifinyelela kuma-35 g of feed.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Emikhakheni yezinyoni eziveza izinkanyezi, kuyabonakala ukubonwa njenge-monogamy. Kuyabonakala ukuthi abantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile abakheka abashadikazi abangaxabani endaweni yokuzingela.
Lokhu kwehlukanisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane kwezinye izidalwa ezifanayo ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela. Isimo senhlalo sikhonjiswa emaqenjini angahlaliseki ekuhlaleni okuvamile. Kepha umuntu ngamunye unamagumbi akhe okuphumula angaphansi komhlaba.
Umshado uza kanye ngonyaka entwasahlobo. Uma indawo yokuhlala isenyakatho, khona-ke kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, uma iseningizimu - kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45. Ngokuvamile kunamawundlu amancane amathathu kudoti owodwa, kepha kunodoti ongafika ku-7 ama-stargazers.
Izingane zizalwa zinqunu, izinkanyezi ezincane emakhaleni azo. Kepha ukukhula okusheshayo kuholela ekuzimeleni ngenyanga. Lokhu kuboniswa ekuthuthukiseni amasayithi, ukudla kwabantu abadala. Ezinyangeni eziyi-10, amathole asakhula avuthwa ngokocansi, futhi ngentwasahlobo elandelayo wona ngokwawo asekulungele ukuzalaniswa.
Isikhathi sokuphila sesilwane, uma singaphenduki inyamazane yomhlaseli, sifinyelela eminyakeni emi-4. Ekudingisweni, isikhathi sokuphila sinwetshwa iminyaka engu-7. Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane iyancipha kancane kancane, futhi kulokhu, inani lezilwane ezihamba ngezinkanyezi liyancipha. Kepha usongo lokongiwa kwezinhlobo lwendalo lungakaqashelwa, ibhalansi yemvelo igcina lezi zinhlwathi eziyingqayizivele.
Ukubukeka
Umzimba wabathwali bezinkanyezi uqhathaniswa nezinye izidumbu zeNew World futhi uzivumelanise nokuphila ngaphansi komhlaba. Umzimba ungama-cylindrical, ikhanda likhonjwa entanyeni emfishane engabonakali. Izimbabazane ezinesiphandla ezinhlanu zenzelwe ukumba umhlaba, ziguqulwe zangaphandle ngezintende zazo futhi zibe nokubukeka okufana nefosholo. Imilenze yangemuva nayo inezimpiko ezinhlanu, kepha ayinazimpawu ezikhethekile kunangaphambili. Uboya bunzima ukwedlula ezinye izinhlobo zemvukuzane, ayina manzi futhi ipendwe ngombala onsundu noma omnyama. Ubukhulu balezi zilwane busuka ku-10 kuye ku-13 cm. Umsila mude kunalowo owenziwe ngamanye ama-moles amaningi, ubude bawo bungama-6 cm. Umbozwe ngezinwele ezilukhuni futhi wenza umsebenzi wokugcina amafutha ebusika, kanti ububanzi bawo banda kakhulu. Abadala banesisindo kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-85 g.
Ugebhezi lwazo zonke izimvukuzane luyacaba futhi luphakeme, amehlo mancane kodwa avelele. Auricles akekho. Emaceleni amabili asemcabangweni we-stargazers kukhona ukukhula kwesikhumba okuyishumi nanye okusebenza njengezitho zokuthinta, ngosizo lapho ukutholwa okungaba khona kutholwa futhi kuhlaziywa ukuze kudaleke ngaphakathi kwesiqeshana sesibili. Ukunyakaza kwabo kushesha kangangokuba iso lomuntu alikwazi ukubalandela. Ucwaningo lwakamuva besebenzisa ukuqopha ngokushesha lubonisa ukuthi i-starfish ingathinta futhi ihlole izinto ezincane eziyishumi nantathu ngomzuzwana, ngoba ikulokhu ngokushesha okukhulu kunezihlobo zayo ngaphandle kokukhula. Kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zikhula zisebenza njengama-electroreceptors, zikuvumela ukuthi uthwebule izisulu zikagesi ezivela ekuhambeni kwemisipha yinyamazane. Izinsimbi zincanyana futhi zizacile uma ziqhathaniswa namanye ama-moles, zinikeza ukuluma okusheshayo. Kunamazinyo angama-44 ezilwaneni ezi-inkanyezi, okungukuthi, inani langempela lamazinyo ezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala emasimini.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ama-Starbursts ahlala empumalanga eseNyakatho Melika. Uhla lwazo lusuka eManitoba naseLabrador eCanada (sibonga ukuthi yizona zigodi ezisenyakatho kakhulu zeNew World) ziye eNorth Dakota nase-Ohio futhi naseGeorgia ogwini lolwandle. Abamele le nhlobo eningizimu bancane kakhulu ngosayizi futhi bavelele njengezindawo ezingaphansi I-Condylura cristata parva, ngenkathi okubhalwe phansi okuqokiwe enyakatho kunjalo C. c. i-cristata. Ama-Starworms ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, nokho, ngokuya ngokubakhona komhlabathi omanzi. Zitholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinamakhaza, ezindaweni ezimanzi nasezihlathini.
Ukuziphatha
Njengamanye ama-moles, abathwali bezinkanyezi bakha izinhlelo zokuhamba ngaphansi komhlaba. Bemba umhlaba ikakhulukazi ngama-forelimbs futhi baxhuma impahla yomhlaba ukuze bayibeke phansi ngesimo sezinhlayiya zezinhlamvu. Elinye lamagumbi, afakwe izitshalo, asebenza njengendawo yokuphumula. Amanye amavesi aholela ngqo emanzini, ngoba, ngokungafani nezinye izinkanyezi eziningi, athola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Babhukuda futhi bashona kahle, bezingela ngaphansi kwamachibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka kakhulu kunezinye izimvukuzane ezitholakala ebusweni bomhlaba, lapho nazo zibheka khona ukudla. Kwesinye isikhathi zenza izindlela eziwubuntu endaweni engaminyene.
Ama-Starbursts ayasebenza emini nasebusuku. Abaweli emgibeni bese behamba beyofuna ukudla ebusika, bemba iqhwa noma bangene ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa.
Lezi zilwane zinokuthula okuningi kunezinye izidumbu. Bahlala ngamaqembu amancane, angazinzile. Imvamisa ungahlangana nowesilisa nowesifazane ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela ndawonye, okukhombisa indlela ethile yokuphila.
I-Stargazer iyimvukuzane. Incazelo, izici, indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala kwe-starfish
Kwake kwaba isikhathi ebuntwaneni, safunda indaba ka-Andersen ethi "Thumbelina." Umyeni wehlulekile we-heroine yenganekwane wayengumbelesi - umlingiswa omkhulu, onamafutha, oyimpumputhe onengubo ecebile yoboya, ezolile, oqinile futhi oqinayo.
Kodwa-ke, emvelweni, lezi zilwanyana ezimangalisayo zincane kakhulu futhi azinalo neze ukuzola. Ziyakwazi mobile kakhulu, never hibernate futhi kaningi kunezinye izilwane ukuzingela. Ngeke zikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokudla amahora angaphezu kwangu-15-17. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imizamo eminingi iya ekumba umhlaba.
Ngokuqondene nejazi loboya - kunjalo. Izimvukuzane zinoboya obuhle be-velvet. Izikhumba ezinobukhulu obuncane, kepha ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi ezilungele ukuthunga ijazi lowesilisa. Imikhiqizo ecijile yayifudunyezwa, kepha igqoke kahle futhi ibukeka kahle. Kwabiza kakhulu. E-USSR kwakukhona konke ukudotshwa kwezikhumba ezinjalo.
Manje sekulahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwaso kwezomnotho futhi kuyaqhubeka ukuba ngamanani amancane endawo. Mayelana nokungaboni ngamehlo nakho kuyiqiniso. Lezi zidalwa ziyimpumputhe ngempela, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyimpumputhe ngokuphelele. Futhi izidalwa ezincelisayo, ama -tivtivores kanye nama-digger amahle kakhulu.
Igama elithi "imvukuzane" lingahunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi ngokuthi "digger". Inezimpande zakudala zamaSlavic, futhi ezilimini eziningi iphinyiselwa okufanayo. EJalimane, ukuhumusha kucaciswe kahle: “imvukuzane” ngokwemigomo yayo ukuthi “igundane lokumba”. Phakathi komhlaba othokozisayo nojabulisayo wabantu abahlala ngaphansi komhlaba kukhona okuhlukile ngokubukeka imod starfish.
Incazelo Nezici
Encane ngobude, ngama-13-18 cm kuphela, kanti ijazi lakhe alicebile kakhulu. Amehlo akhe amabi nje njengamanye ama-moles. I-Stargazer noma zvezdoryl - uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezivela emndenini wezinyoni. Ihluka kwabanye abantu ngokukhula kwesikhumba emhlanzweni ngesilinganiso sezingcezu ezingama-22.
Ngokwakheka komzimba, ubukeka njengezihlobo zakhe ezivela eYurophu. Umzimba osesimweni nokwakheka kwawo wenzelwe ukumba izindiza ezingaphansi komhlaba nokuhlala emigodini. Isilo esincane, umzimba ufana nesilinda noma umgoqo oyindilinga, ikhanda linobuso nekhala elikhonjisiwe, entanyeni ecishe ingabonakali.
Izibalo ezingaphambili zineminwe emihlanu, futhi ziyithuluzi lokumba umhlaba. Ukubukeka kwabo kufana nefosholo, ikakhulukazi uma uphakamisa "izintende zezandla" zakho. Imilenze yangemuva nayo ineminwe emihlanu, kepha ayithuthukiswa kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Uboya abunamanzi, buqinile kunezinye izihlobo, futhi umbala wayo uvame ukuba nsundu. Kuliqiniso, abantu ngabanye batholakala futhi kumnyama, kepha kukancane kakhulu. Umsila mude ukwedlula lowo we- "European moles", ongaba ngu-6-8 cm. Zonke ezisezinwele ezinzima. Ebusika, lo mzimba udlala indima “yobubende”. Iba mnyama kuze kube semakhazeni, kuqongelela izinqolobane ezinamafutha.
Isilwane sinesisindo esisuka ku-45 kuye ku-85 g, uma kunikezwa isikhathi sonyaka, ubuningi bokudla kanye nezocansi. Inhloko, njengabo bonke abantu balezi zinhlobo okukhulunywa ngayo, iyaphakeme, amehlo mancane kakhulu, kepha ayabonakala njengamalahle. Ngenkathi isikhathi esiningi sisemnyameni, ama-moles awasajwayele ukuzisebenzisa. Azikho izindlebe ezibonakalayo, kepha lokhu akukuthinti ukuzwa, uzwe ngokuphelele.
Starfish esithombeni ukubukeka okuxakile. Ubukeka emnandi futhi ethukile. Ukukhula kwesikhumba kutholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zekhala ngasephupheni, ku-11 ohlangothini ngalunye. Banokubonakala kwenkanyezi, yingakho igama. Kepha okukhumbuza kakhulu amatende esilo esiyisihambi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, unomuzwa oyingqayizivele wokuthinta. Ngabo, "uhlola" ukudla futhi ahlole ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlangana. Inqubo yonke yokuthola nokubheka ukudla ithatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu nomuntu ophethe imvukuzane kunezinye izilwane, ngenxa yalokhu kukhula.
Futhi ubashukumisela ngalesi sikhathi ngokushesha okukhulu, cishe ngokungabonakali. Ngenxa yokuthwebula nje kungenzeka ukuthi ubheke lezi ukunyakaza. Imvukuzane ingabheka izinto ezincane ezingama-30 ngomzuzwana nge "amadevu" ayo. Amazinyo akhe mancane kunezinye izinhlobo, futhi acinene. Uyakwazi ukuluma ngokushesha nangobuhlungu obukhulu. Inani lamazinyo 44.
Umndeni we-mole usabalele kakhulu emazwenikazi amabili - eNyakatho Melika nase-Europe. Sekukonke, inezinhlobo ezinga-17 zofuzo, ezibandakanya izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40 zama-moles. Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, ama-safetivores, ama-carnivores.
Bahola indlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba, banomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga, ukuthinta nokuzwa, kepha ababoni kahle noma ababoni nhlobo. Kunamagama ezinhlobo ezenza kube lula ukuzulazula lapho zihlala khona.
Isibonelo, amaShayina amakhulu, amaHimalayan, amaJapane, amaVietnam, amaNtshonalanga kanye nabaseMpumalanga Melika, eNtshonalanga China, eSiberia, eCaucasian, eYurophu, e-Asia Minor, e-Iberia, eCalifornia, ePacific, e-Iranian, naseYunnan moles. Lokhu, kubonakala sengathi, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlonziwe ngendawo yokuhlala.
Amagama ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo akhuluma ngezici zawo zangaphandle. Imvukuzane enamachashaza amade, ebubuso obufushane, inomsila omhlophe, inomsila omude, omfushane, omude omude, oyimpumputhe - izibonelo zamagama ngezimpawu zangaphandle. Kukhona futhi amagama “azibiza ngegama” - imvukuzane yaseStankovic, imvukuzane yaseKobe, imvukuzane yase Townsend.
Ngobukhulu, bonke laba bantu bancane, kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-13 cm. Isibonelo, imvukuzane yaseYurophu - 13 cm, imvukuzane ehamba ngomhlaba yaseMelika - 7.9 cm, imvukuzane eyimpumputhe - cm engu-12. .. Emndenini wabadwebi abangaphansi komhlaba bangahlukaniswa ngokuthi yincithakalo nemikhonto.
Kunokwehlukahluka ezinhlotsheni ezifakwe kuhlu ongazinaka. Isibonelo, amehlo wesimo esiyimpumputhe ahlala efihliwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba, imvukuzane yaseCaucasan ayinawo ama-eye slits, anganqunywa yi-X-ray kuphela.
Imvukuzane yaseChina ayisiyona kuphela encane futhi encane, inemilenze ephakeme kakhulu, ngaphambili engakhelwe ukumba nokubhukuda. Azithuthukisiwe, njengamanye ama-moles, futhi azibukeki njengefosholo. Izimbungulu ezingaphandle azinazinwele, umzimba wazo wonke umbozwe nge-vibrissae - izinwele ezinzima ezizwele.
Imvukuzane enkulu kunazo zonke yiSiberia, ikhula ibe ngu-19 cm futhi inesisindo esingama-g. Imigodi yaseJapan yokumba igibela ngokuphelele izihlahla futhi iyakwazi ukonakalisa isidleke endaweni ephakeme ka-2-4 m
Futhi umugqa ohlukile yi-Australia marsupial moles. Banendlela yokuphila efanayo nokubukeka kwama-moles, izilwane ezincelisayo zibizwa cishe ngokufanayo, kuphela ama-genus marsupials.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Kuhlala inkanyezi eNyakatho Melika. Ihlanganisa insimu enkulu kusuka eCanada iya esifundazweni saseGeorgia. Empeleni ngenxa yokuthi watholwa eCanada kakhulu, elinye igama lalesi sidalwa i-canfish yase-Canada.
Lezi zilwane kuwukuphela kwemvukuzane engahlala emakoloni. Izinhlobo ezisele aziphili kakhulu. Inhlabathi enamabula kakhulu, kukhethwa izimbiza ezimanzi ukuze zixazululwe, zidinga umswakama.
Bemba umhlaba, bakha izinhlelo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezihamba zonke. Bagebha inhlabathi ngamaphambi abo, bezungeza imizimba yabo ngokuzungeza i-axis, njengokushayela umgodi. Ngemuva kwalokho bacindezela umhlaba ubheke phezulu, bakha izindunduma ezincane. Ngala "mapiramidi" futhi anqume indawo yezimozulu.
Bahlomisa izimbumbulu zabo ngokunethezeka, elinye "lamagumbi" amaningi libasebenzela njengegumbi lokulala noma indawo yokuphumula. Bayiqondisa ngamaqabunga owomile, utshani, amakhambi amancane nezimpande. Igumbi elinjalo lisendaweni ekude nomgodi wokuqala, ekugcineni kwephasi eliyinkimbinkimbi elingaphansi komhlaba, elifana ne-maze.
Itholakala ekujuleni kwemitha nesigamu ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Lezo zinguquko ezihambisana nazo zihlala isikhathi eside, zithintelwe futhi zilungiswa njalo. Umoya awangeni ngqo lapho, kepha ulahlekile emithonjeni eyembiwe ngaphezulu emhlabathini kuso sonke isakhiwo sangaphansi komhlaba. Qiniseka ukuthi unemibhalo eholela emanzini. Stargazer Animal kuholela indlela yokuphila yasemanzini esezingeni eliphansi. Ubhukuda ngobumnandi, ushaye futhi azingele emanzini.
Futhi ebusweni bomhlaba bungatholakala kaningi kunamanye ama-moles. Lezi zilwanyana eziyizisulu zizingela phansi, ngaphansi komhlaba kanye nasemanzini. Umsebenzi wabo awuhlukaniswa yisikhathi sosuku; banamandla ngokulinganayo imini nobusuku. Musa hibernate ebusika, ufuna inyamazane ngqo eqhweni, noma ungene ngaphansi kweqhwa. Abazingeli abangenacala futhi abahlukahlukene.
Bahlala ngamaqembu, noma, imindeni emikhulu. Ama-Starbursts ayizilwane zenhlalo, futhi anamathele kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kulokhu zihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ezithanda ukuhlala zodwa. Cishe njalo abesilisa bahlala nezinsikazi nangaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela, okubonisa ukwethembeka kwabo kanye nokuhlala bodwa. Futhi umuzwa onamandla kunalo lonke wothando lobuzali bakhe.
Isilo esingavikeleki sidla imvelo ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi sinesihluku, singazi futhi siyaziphindisela. Ukulwela indawo yokuhlala, kuqubuka impi yokufutheka nomunye. Kwakukhona nezimo zokusulwa kwesidumbu kulesi sidalwa "esihle". Izilwane zenza imisindo engathandeki neze; ziyakhala futhi zikhala, njengamagundane.
Zuza futhi ulimaze umuntu
Abalimi bayesaba ukuthi izimvukuzane izitshalo eziququde noma izimpande ezihlwayile. Kodwa-ke, ukubulala izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, ama-moles asiza kakhulu umuntu. Buthukulula ngokuphelele inhlabathi, inhlabathi ethathwe kuma-molehill isikhululekile, ayidingi ukuqunjelwa, inesakhiwo esihle. Baphinde babhubhise i-wireworm nebhere - izitha zaphakade engadini, amacimbi, adla nje izitshalo. Inzuzo evela kuye yinkulu.
Kepha uma izimvukuzane zanda esizeni - lokhu akusalungile. Le yinhlekelele. Baklebhula imibhede yezimbali, imibhede, izindlela. Konke kugaya, kwehlisa izitshalo. Futhi babhubhisa ngokuphelele izidumbu zomhlaba, futhi lezo, njengoba wazi, nazo zilusizo kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi.
Ukucekela phansi ukunyakaza kwabo akusizi ngalutho; ngokushesha bakha okusha. Abantu beza nezindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa nenqwaba yama-moles ezigcawini. Lezi yizicupho ezahlukile, ubuthi, indlela yokuthulula imisele ngamanzi nangabathengisi. Futhi umuntu ujwayela izinja noma amakati ukuzingela ama-moles. Enye yalezi zindlela inezinkinga.
Ukubeka isicupho, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini ehamba ngesilwane esivame ukuhamba. Ukusebenzisa ubuthi ekubhujisweni kuyinto enobuntu, ngaphezu kwalokho, akuphephile kubantu nakwezinye izilwane. Amanzi angagcwalisa izimbobo, kepha kukhona ithuba lokugcwalisa izitshalo. Futhi-ke inhlabathi izokoma, bese izilwane zibuyela.
Ukujwayela inja noma ikati ekuzingeleni imvukuzane kuyasebenza, kodwa isikhathi eside. Futhi, kuya ngokuthi unezilwane eziningi kangakanani esizeni. Uma kuningi - umsizi wakho ngeke akwazi ukubhekana nalokhu. Abanye bafaka amanetha emhlabathini noma bangcwabe izinto ezibukhali, kepha izindlela ezinjalo nazo azimnandi.
Indlela enobuhlakani futhi ephumelelayo ukufakwa kwabathengisi abahlukahlukene. Ukufakwa komsindo kubangela ingcindezi esilwaneni. Empeleni akayithandi imisindo namahlamvu anokhahlo. Kuliqiniso, imisindo ephakeme ingahlukumeza umuntu nomakhelwane.
Kukhona izinto ezinobuhlalu be-ultrasonic, amakha amnandi axosha izilwane. Kukhona izitshalo ezisa imvukuzane ukusuka esizeni ngephunga lazo, ngokwesibonelo, ama-legumes, ama-marigolds, i-lavender, i-calendula, i-garlic no-anyanisi.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Zvezdonosov ibizwa nangokuthi ukwenziwa inkanyezi. NgesiLatini, igama labo lizwakala njengoCondylura cristata. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlukile kakhulu. I-Zvezdonos ingummeleli okhanyayo womndeni we-mole. Kuwo lo mndeni wabelwa i-subfamily ehlukile, ebizwa ngokuthi: ama-subfamily "ama-Moles of the New World." Isinqumo sokwaba i-subfamily esehlukile senziwe ngenxa yokuba khona kwezimpawu ezikhethekile zezinkanyezi ezihlukanisa kwezinye izimvukuzane.
Ividiyo: Starbringer
Lolu hlobo lwama-mole lithanda izinqubo zamanzi, kodwa umehluko omkhulu ovela ezihlotsheni eziseduze yakhala lawo. Kungamashumi amabili nambili amabanga ukukhula kwesikhumba. Lokhu kukhula kutholakala ngqo ebusweni besilwane futhi akubukeki kukhanga kakhulu. Ngokwengeziwe ekhaleni "elibi", imvukuzane enjalo ihlukaniswa ngohlanga olu-brown oluqinile, osayizi abancane - ubude be-starfish ngokuvamile abudluli amasentimitha angamashumi amabili.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: I-Starbringer akuyona imod ejwayelekile. Akagcini ngokuthanda ukuhamba phezu komhlaba, kodwa futhi uthanda ukubhukuda emanzini. Uboya obunzima buyamsiza kulokhu, onomphumela ongaphenduki amanzi.
Ukukhula okwenziwe ngenkanyezi ebusweni balesi silwane kwehlukile. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi kungabizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokuthinta olubucayi kakhulu emhlabeni. Kulomzimba kuneziphetho zezinzwa ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Leli nani likhulu ngokuphindwe kahlanu kunokuzwela kwesandla somuntu! Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhala elibukeka ngenkanyezi liyakwazi ukuhogela ngisho nangaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lesi silwane sidedela ama-bubble emanzini, bese siwadonsela emuva. Ngokusho kososayensi, yilezi zibungu ezivumela imvukuzane ukuhogela inyamazane emanzini.
Ihlala kuphi inkanyezi?
Photo: Starburst eNyakatho Melika
Ama-Stargazers enza izimfuno ezithile endaweni yazo. Ngokungafani nezinye izimvukuzane, lezi zilwane azihambi kuphela ngaphansi komhlaba. Zingabonakala kaningi ebusweni bomhlaba ngisho nasemanzini. Ngalesi sizathu, izilwane zithanda ukuhlala eduze kwechibi. Lapho babeka amakhaya abo. Izindlu uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lokuhamba olunamakhamera amaningi, okokufaka kanye nokuphuma kwalo. Okunye kokuphuma kuvame ukuholela ngqo emanzini.
Izimo zesimo sezulu nazo zibaluleke kakhulu kuzo. Ama-Starbursts akhetha izindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu omswakama. Ensimini yezindawo abahlala kuzo zemvelo, bahlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama, emaxhaphozi kanye nasezigangeni. Ehlathini noma i-steppe eyomile, isilo esinjalo ngeke sitholakale. Izinkanyezi zigwema izindawo ezinjalo.
I-Starbringer iyimvukuzane yaseMelika. Kusakazwa kabanzi eMhlabeni oMusha kuphela. Insimu yendawo yokuhlala yayo ifaka lonke ugu olusempumalanga ye-United States, Canada. Indawo yokuhlala kwesilwane ifinyelela entshonalanga - emaLwandle Amakhulu. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi i-starfish eningizimu nasenyakatho yehlukile. Izilwane zaseningizimu zincane, izilwane zasenyakatho zikhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, ososayensi bakhombe izindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi: enyakatho, eningizimu.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-starfish itholakala kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi kudlani isilwane esingajwayelekile.
Ngabe idlani i-starfish?
Isithombe: Mole Starbringer
Ama-Stargazers angama-moles akhuthele kakhulu, okubuye kube yisici sawo esihlukanisa kwezinye izihlobo. Bebelokhu befuna ukudla cishe usuku lonke, okuyilokho okushukumisela i-voracity yabo yemvelo. Izilwane zifuna ukudla yonke indawo: emanzini, ebusweni bomhlaba nangaphansi kwawo. Bahlala bemba imigudu lapho befuna ukudla. Ngosuku olulodwa, i-Stargazer ihlasela cishe eziyisithupha ekuzingeleni. Isikhathi sonke, lesi silwane simatasa sigaya ukudla nokuphumula.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwama-Stargazers kufaka:
Isifiso nobukhulu bokudla okudliwayo akuxhomekile osayizi besilwane, indawo abahlala kuyo, kepha futhi ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ubudlova bubonakala ngokwengeziwe ngenkathi yehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, imvukuzane ingadla ukudla okuningi ngosuku ngosuku olunesisindo. Ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka, usayizi wokudla awudluli amagremu angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu.
Iningi lezilwane zisebenzisa izitho zazo zombono ngesikhathi sokuzingela ukuthola inyamazane. IMolefish izingelwa ngokuhlukile. Ikhala labo elibukhali elinekhethelo lenkanyezi libasiza ukuba bathole ukudla. Ngamatende ekhaleni lakhe, afune isisulu, abese ebamba ngokuqinile ngezihlakala zangaphambili. Ukubambelela kuqinile. Ngenxa yakhe, i-starfish yaqashelwa njengomunye wabahlaseli abanekhono kakhulu emhlabeni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Star-Mole
Ama-moles-star moles asebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo ngaphansi komhlaba. Bona, njengezinye izihlobo, bmba imigudu. Lezi zilwane zingadala ama-labyrinths anamakhamera amaningi. Izindunduma zobumba ezincane kuphela ezinganikeza ubukhona bazo endaweni ethile. Ezitokisini eziyinkimbinkimbi, izilwane zizenzela amakhamera amancane. Kwelinye lawo bahlomisa umgodi wabo. Lapho, i-starfish icashe ezitheni, yenza umsebenzi wokutshala inzalo.
Izilwane zimboza umhluzi wazo ngamahlumela, utshani, izitshalo ezomile. Enye yezindawo ezishiwo umgodi empeleni iya emthonjeni wamanzi, lapho inkanyezi ye-starfish ichitha khona isikhathi sayo. Lolu hlobo lwemvukuzane luvakashela okokugcina kaningana ngosuku. Babhukuda kakhulu, bashona kahle. Ebusika, i-starfish iyabonakala ngisho nangaphansi kweqhwa. Lezi zilwane azizifihli. Ebusika, bafuna ukudla kwabo ngaphansi kweqhwa futhi bazingele ngenkuthalo izakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukuba yizixakaxaka ngaphansi kwamanzi, abathwali bezinkanyezi basiza izici zabo ze-anatomical. Zinama-paws aqinile, abunjiwe okade nomsila omude. Amapayipi bawalungisa ngokushesha emanzini, futhi umsila usetshenziswa njengesiwisi.
Ama-Stargazers ayalingana okunengqondo, izilwane zenhlalo. Ngokuvamile zakha amakoloni amancane lapho zihlala khona ngokuthula nangokuthula. Kodwa-ke, amakoloni ahlala ehlukana. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa nabesifazane abayeki ukuxhumana, nakho kuyamangaza. Imvamisa lokhu akusilo uphawu lwabamele abomndeni wama-mole.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Starfish Encane
I-Zvezdonosa ingabizwa ngokuphephile ngokuthi isidalwa esinyanyayo. Lezi zilwane zithola umlingani ekholoni, umngane womshado, zikhulisa izingane futhi ziqhubeke nokukhulumisana zazo. Ngisho nangaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela, izinsikazi nabesilisa akuvimbi “ubudlelwano” bomndeni wabo. Kodwa-ke, umuntu ngamunye omdala une "nkululeko" yakhe. I-starfish ngayinye inemisele ebekiwe, amakamelo okuphumula nokuphila.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwalezi moles zenziwa kanye ngonyaka. Kwenzeka entwasahlobo, kepha izinsuku eziqondile ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zasendaweni yemvelo ziyehluka. Ngakho-ke, enyakatho isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngenyanga kaMeyi, naseningizimu - ngoMashi. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingamashumi amane nanhlanu. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ithwala amawundlu amane. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi inzalo ingafinyelela izingane eziyisikhombisa ekukhulelweni okukodwa.
Inzalo ye-starfish izalwa ingenakuzivikela ngokuphelele, inqunu ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni, ekhaleni elingajwayelekile ngesimo senkanyezi ebusweni bomsundu cishe alibonakali. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezingane eziphethe izinkanyezi ukukhula kwazo ngokushesha. Imvuthuluka isingavele iqhubeke nempilo ezimele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu izelwe. Ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amathathu kamuva, izilwane zijwayela ngokuphelele imvelo, zishintshele ekudleni kwabantu abadala, futhi zihlolisisa indawo ezungezile.
Izitha Zemvelo Zababheki
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-starfish?
Ama-Starbursts awavikelekile kwabazingeli abaningi. Lokhu kungenxa yempilo yabo esebenzayo. Lolu hlobo, ngokungafani nabanye abamele ama-moles, luchitha isikhathi salo hhayi ngaphansi komhlaba kuphela. Izinkanyezi zezulu zihamba kakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba, zishone futhi zibhukude emzimbeni wamanzi. Emhlabeni nasemanzini, lezi zilwane ezincane zibhekana nengozi enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokumelene nezimvukuzane "zidlala" amehlo abo abuthaka. Izilwane zimane nje aziboni ukusondela kwezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Izitha zemvelo eziyingozi kakhulu zama-stargazers zifaka:
- izinyoni ezidla inyama. Izinkanyezi zezinkanyezi ziyindlela eyintandokazi yezikhova ezinkulu, izinkozi, izikhova, izikhova, izikhova,
- ama-martens, ama-skunks,
- izingono ezinkulu, amaxoxo amakhulu.
Izidlakudla zibamba futhi zidle ama-moles amancane lapho zikhamba ezimila, ziye endaweni yokugcina amanzi noma zibhukuda emanzini. Ebusika, izinyamazane zathola i-hang yokudonsa i-starfish emagumbini angaphansi komhlaba. Kungenzeka futhi ukubiza isitha semvelo se-starfish indoda. Abantu akuvamile ukuthi babulale lesi silwane, kodwa balimaze ngenye indlela. Izindawo zokuhlala zabantu zahlukanisa kakhulu indawo yemvelo yalezi zilwane. Kepha, ngenhlanhla, lokhu akuzange kulithinte kangako inani lezinkanyezi.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ama-Star snouts anendawo encane yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, inani labo lizinzile ngokuphelele. Lezi zilwane zinikezwe isikhundla se- "Least Concerned". Ukubuka kuningi. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi baphawula ukwehla okuncane kwenani labathwali bezinkanyezi. Lokhu kungenxa yethonya lezinto eziningi.
Okokuqala, lezi zilwane cishe azikwazi ukuzivikela phambi kwezitha. Izikhova, izikhova, izikhova, ama-martens nezinye izilwane zizidla ngentokozo ekhethekile. Okwesibili, umthelela womuntu uthinteka kabi kubemi bezinhlobo. Ukulima umhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo kuholele ekwehliseni kwendawo yemvelo.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Izinkanyezi zezinkanyezi ama-moles amaningi okweqile. Baheha ukunaka ngokubukeka kwabo okungafani nabathandi abangajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ama-Stargazers awathakaseli lokhu kuphela. Zibaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi. Ngosizo lwabo, ukuthobeka emsebenzini wezinzwa kuyafundwa.
Imvukuzane enezinkanyezi iyisilwane esiphephile. Akunakubalwa ngenombolo yezinambuzane. Akulimazi ezolimo noma ezinye izindawo zokuphila komuntu. Isikhathi sokuphila seminyoni enjalo sifushane. Endle, amagundane ezinkanyezi awahlali isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emine. Kuthunjiwe kuphela lapho iminyaka yokuphila iyenyuka iye eminyakeni eyisikhombisa.
I-Stargazer - isidalwa esiyingqayizivele futhi ngasikhathi sinye. Ikhala lawo elingafani nenkanyezi elibukeka lingenakusebenza, kepha izakhiwo zalo zishaye ngesilinganiso salo. Izinyoni ezihamba ngezinkanyezi zincipha kancane ngesibalo, kepha kuze kube manje ayikho ingozi enkulu kubantu abajwayelekile besilwane.
Izici zokuziphatha
Le molekhi ihlukile ezihlotsheni zayo eziseduzane ngokuthi ivame ukuya ebusweni bomhlaba. Okwamanje, njengazo zonke izimvukuzane, wemba imigudu emide engaphansi komhlaba. Indawo yokuhlala yakhe igquma elikhulu lobumba.
Imvukuzane emise okwezinkanyezi, isithombe nencazelo yayo engaveli emakhasini wezincwadi ezifuywayo zabathandi bemvelo, ihlomisa indlu yayo ngesigaxa esibolile noma ngaphansi kwamaxhaphozi. Uyifaka ngentambo ngamaqabunga ama-moss namaqabunga omile. Amaphasi ambalwa angaphansi komhlaba ngokuqinisekile azokuholela endaweni yokugcina amanzi.
I-Mole Starbringer: Incazelo emfushane
Iqhawe lethu lanamuhla liyisidalwa esingajwayelekile kuzo zonke izindlela, kepha isici salo esiyingqayizivele sokuhlukanisa, ngokungangabazeki, ukubukeka okukhumbulekayo. Yini ephawuleka ngaphandle i-mole-starfish? Lesi sithombe esingezansi sikuvumela ukuthi ubuke amatende angama-22 athambile. Zikhula zizungeze ukubandlulula okungenamikhawulo. Yonke le ndlela engajwayelekile ifana ne-asterisk esesimweni.
Ukuthageka ngakunye kuyitende elingafika ku-4 mm ubude. Zonke zizwela kakhulu futhi ziyiselula. Izinqubo zinemiphetho yezinzwa eziningi, ama-receptors nemithambo yegazi. Ososayensi bazibiza ngokuthi izitho zika-Aimer's. Zenzelwe ukuthola nokuthumela imininingwane.
Kuma-22, imisebe emi-2 kuphela engahlali ihamba. Bonke abanye bahlala behlola isikhala esiseduze, betadisha inyamazane. Banquma manjalo ukuthi kungadliwa yini noma cha. Isilwane sidinga ama-millisecond ayisishiyagalombili kuphela ukunquma ikhwalithi yephango laso.
Umzimba we-star star uhlukile kancane ezihlotsheni zawo: umzimba wawo uqinile, unesimo sobucylindrical. Ikhanda liphakeme, entanyeni emfishane. Amehlo mancane kakhulu, angaqapheleki. Auricles akekho. Emilenzeni yangaphambili, iminwe yinde, imise okomhlana, inezindala ezinkulu eziphothiwe.
Izingalo ziphendukelwa ngaphandle ngokungafani, okusiza imvukuzane ukwenza umsebenzi wokumba. Imilenze yangemuva inezimpiko ezinhlanu, ziyafana ngesakhiwo namazibuko angaphambili, kepha azivumelani kangako nokumba izindiza ezingaphansi komhlaba. Uma ubheka isithombe, ungathola umbono ongemuhle wokuthi lesi yisilo esikhulu - umqali. Ubukhulu besilwane ngokweqiniso buvela ku-10 kuye ku-13 cm.
Enye i-8 cm ubude ingeza umsila. Yinde kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-moles, embozwe ngoboya obukhulu, obulukhuni. Ebusika, amafutha agcinwa kuwo. Ngakho-ke, ekwindla, inyuka ngobukhulu cishe izikhathi ezine. Isisindo sesilwane asikho ngaphezu kwama-80 amagremu.
Isithombo
Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zikhiqiza inzalo kanye ngonyaka. Cishe izinsuku ezingama-40 zokukhulelwa ziyaqhubeka. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kuzalwa amawundlu amabili kuya kwayisikhombisa. Bazalwa benqunu ngokuphelele futhi bengasizi ngalutho, kepha bakhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngosuku lweshumi, imizimba yabo imbozwe ngoboya.
Insikazi yondla amawundlu ngobisi amasonto amathathu kuya amane. Ngezinyanga eziyishumi sebevele sebevuthiwe ngokocansi, bekwazi ukuzala.