Daman
UDaman Bruce ( IHeterohyrax brucei )
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

Daman (lat. Procaviidae) - umndeni wezilwane ezincane ezincelisayo ezinama-herbivorous, okuwukuphela kwazo ezihlala kule ndawo amadamu (IHyracoidea). Inezinhlobo ezi-5. Elinye igama linamafutha.

Bahlala e-Afrika nase-Middle East. Ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle kwamagundane, isazi semvelo saseJalimane uGottlieb Stor ngonyaka ka-1780 saphetha ngokungesilo iqiniso ngokuhlangana kwabo nezingulube zase Guinea futhi bathi iCape Damans luhlobo lolo. I-Procavia (kusuka ngo-lat. - "kuya-" no Cavia) Lapho-ke abomdeni bathola igama I-Hyrax (kusuka esiGrekini. ὕραξ - "shrew").

Okuvamile

Lezi yizilwane ezinobukhulu bekati elisekhaya: ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-60-65 cm, isisindo ukusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-4,5 kg. Umsila uyimbudane (1-3 cm) noma ungekho. Ngokubukeka, amadamu afana namagundane - ama-marmot angenamila noma izingulube ezinkulu ze-Guinea - kodwa-ke, asondelene kakhulu nama-siren kanye nama-proboscis.

Imizimba yabo iminyene, ilukhuni, inekhanda elikhulu entanyeni emfishane futhi emilenze emifushane kodwa eqinile. Isibalo sisifushane, sinomlomo omkhulu ongaphezulu owakhiwe. Izindlebe ziyindilinga, zincane, kwesinye isikhathi zicishe zifihlwe ejokeni. Amandla ayama-ukuhamba. Ama-forelegs ane-fingeed ngo-4 anezipho ezintofontofo ezifana nezinselo. Imilenze yangemuva inemifino emithathu, umunwe wangaphakathi uphethe isikhonkwane eside esisongekile, esisebenza ukuhlanganisa izinwele, neminye iminwe - izinselo ezakhiwe njengotsholo. Izinsika zezinyawo zingenalutho, zimbozwe ngesiga esinsimbi senjoloba, izindunduma eziningi zezithukuthuku ezivulekile ebusweni bazo, ezihlala zithambisa isikhumba. Ingxenye ephakathi ye-arch yonyawo ngalunye ingaphakanyiswa ngemisipha ekhethekile, kudaleke uhlobo lwe-sucker. Isikhumba seWet sithuthukisa ukumunca. Ngenxa yamadivaysi anjengalawa, amadamana angakhuphuka imimango neziqu zezihlahla ngezixhaxha esikhulu nangejubane futhi aze ehle aze aqonde kubo.

Uboya bamaDamans bukhulu, obunjwe nge-soft down and awn rough. Umbala uvame ukuba nsundu. Amaqhubu ama-vibrissae amade akhula emzimbeni (ikakhulukazi esihlungwini esingaphezu kwamehlo nasentanyeni). Maphakathi emuva kunesigaba sezinwele ezinde, ezicwebezelayo noma ezimnyama, enkabeni lapho kunesigaba khona. Phezu kwendawo yayo, izindunduma zensimu ekhethekile ye-glandular - indlala yomgogodla wama-lobin ama-7- 7 eyakhiwe yi-hypertrophic sebaceous kanye nezindlala izithukuthuku - zivulekile. I-Iron ifaka secretion enephunga elinamandla ngesikhathi sokuzala. Emadayidini asemancane, insimbi ayikhuli noma ayakhelwanga kahle, kubantu besifazane ingaphansi kwabesilisa. Lapho esaba noma ejabule, izinwele ezimboza indlala zikhuphuka ziqonde. Inhloso ngqo ye-gland ayikaziwa.

Amazinyo ahlala njalo emadodeni amadala angama-34, ubisi - ama-28. Izihlathi ezingaphezulu ezikhula ngokukhula njalo, zinezikhala eziningi futhi zifana ne-rodent incisors. Amaphutha alahlekile. Ama-molars kanye nama-molars afana namazinyo abantu abaphethwe wuluhlaza. Futha ngomhlathi ophansi omkhulu. Izingono: 1 i-thoracic ne-2 ngazimbili ze-inguinal noma i-1 pair ye-axillary ne-1-2 - inguinal.

Indlela yokuphila

Kusatshalaliswa e-Afrika engaseningizimu yeSahara, kanye naseSinayi nasePeninsulas yase-Arabia, eSyria nase-Israyeli. Kutholakale izixuku eziningi zaseCape Dam ezintabeni zaseLibya nase-Algeria.

Abamele ukuzalwa I-Procavia futhi IHeterohyrax - izilwane ezihlwanyelayo, zihlala emikhakheni yabantu abangama-560 ezindaweni ezinomhlaba owomileyo, ezindaweni ezinotshani nasemadwaleni amatshe, zikhuphukela ezintabeni ziye endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4 500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Abamele uhlobo I-Dendrohyrax - izilwane zasehlathini ebusuku, zihlala zodwa emindenini. Wonke amadamu asebenza kakhulu, akwazi ukushesha ukugijima, agxume futhi akhuphuke emadwaleni nasezihlahleni.

Umbono nokuzwa kukhule kahle. AmaDamana abonakala nge-thermoregulation engathuthukiswanga kahle - ebusuku babuthana ndawonye ukuzifudumeza, futhi phakathi nosuku, njengokwezilo, bahlale elangeni isikhathi eside. Ngasikhathi sinye, baphakamisa izimbotshana zamaphawekazi lapho kutholakala khona umjuluko wezithukuthuku. Ukujuluka okuqinile okunamathele kusiza amadamu ukuthi akhuphuke. AmaDamanes acophile kakhulu futhi, njengabaseshi baseYurophu, lapho bebona ingozi, bakhihla isililo esikhulu, bephoqa lonke leli koloni ukuba licashe ezindaweni zokukhosela.

I-Herbivorous. Zidla ikakhulu ekudleni kwezitshalo, kwesinye isikhathi zidla izinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Ekufuneni ukudla, bangakhuphukela ku-1-3 km. Azidingi manzi. Ngokungafani neminye imifino eminingi, amadamu awazakheli izisulu futhi, lapho ezondla, azisiza ngomolars. Itshungama, ngokungafani nama-artiodactyl noma ama-kangaroo, ayihlafunwa, ukudla kugaywa esiswini sabo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esinamagumbi amaningi.

Isikhathi sokuzala kabusha ngokusobala asikho. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-7,7,5. Owesifazane uletha ama-1-3, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike kumathole ayi-6, isikhathi esi-1 ngonyaka. Amakhebuli azalwa akhule kahle, enamehlo avulekile, okwazi ukugijima ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, aqala ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo.

Umsuka wamaDashi

Umlando wemvelaphi yamaduna awukaqondakali ngokuphelele. Imfucumfucu yakudala kakhulu yamaduna ingeyeLate Eocene. Ezigidini eziningi zeminyaka, amadlozi amadamu ayengama-herbivores asemhlabeni asezingeni eliphezulu e-Afrika, kuze kube emncintiswaneni weMiocene kanye nezindawo zokugcina izingane zabaxosha ku-niche yangaphambili yemvelo. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi eside, amaDamana ahlala indawo enkulu futhi ebanzi, ehlala iningi le-Afrika, i-Asia kanye neNingizimu Yurophu ePliocene.

Amadama wesimanjemanje wePhylogenetically asondelene ne-proboscis, anakho ukufana okuningi ekwakhekeni kwamazinyo, amathambo kanye ne-placenta.

Kwisiko nasenkolweni

Kunombono wokuthi "amahashi" okukhulunywa ngawo eBhayibhelini, akhonjiswe ngegama elithi "shafan" (uShafani - () (1) - empeleni Kude kude, afana impela nonogwaja abakhulu. Ukusuka kwisiHeberu, leli gama lidlulela olimini lwamaFenike, okusobala ukuthi ngephutha labheka i-Iberian peninsula yamadam, enikeza izwe igama I-Shafani-im - "Daman Island". Kamuva kwaleli gama kwavela isiLatini I-Spain kanye "neSpain" sanamuhla.

AmaDamana angenye yezilwane eziningi ezinenyama yazo engeyona i-kosher, okungukuthi, enqatshelwe ngokuqondile ukuba isetshenziswe amaJuda ama-Orthodox. Incwadi kaLevitikusi imemezela izilwane ezingcolile ze-shafan (daman) ngezizathu zokuthi yize ihlafuna izinsini, kodwa izinselo zayo azinamfantu (yize, uma kukhulunywa ngokungananazi, amadamane awagugi izinsini, banomkhuba nje wokuhambisa imihlathi yabo njengamaza, nezihlakala zabo zifana nezinselo kuphela). KuMichela (Book of the Solomon Parables) emfanekisweni 30 kusahluko 26 - kuyashiwo futhi ngamadam:

"26. Abantu baseDamana bangabantu ababuthakathaka, kepha babeka indlu yabo phezu kwedwala. ”

Ukubukeka

Imisindo yesilwane esifuywayo: ubude bomzimba ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30-65 ngesisindo esilingana no-1.5-4,5 kg. Ingxenye ye-caudal yamafutha i-embryonic, ingabi ngaphezu kuka-3 cm ubude, noma ayikho ngokuphelele. Ngokubukeka, amadamu afana namagundane - ama-marmot angenamila noma izingulube ezinkulu ze-Guinea, kodwa ngokwemibandela ye-phylogenetic isilwane esinjengalesi siseduze kwe-proboscis kanye nama-siren. AmaDamana anomzimba oqinile, abonakala ngokuxhamazela, inhloko enobukhulu obukhulu, futhi nentamo eminyene nenemfushane.

Izinduna zangaphambili zohlobo lokuhamba ngezinyawo, ezinamandla futhi zakhiwe kahle, ezineminwe emine nezinzipho ezintofontofo ezifana nezinselo. Izimbambo zangemuva zohlobo olunezintambo ezintathu, lapho kukhona umunwe wangaphakathi onomucu omude futhi ogobile wokuhlanganisa izinwele. Izinyawo ezintanjeni zingenalutho, zine-epidermis eminyene nerabha nemifantu eminingi yesithukuthuku, edingekayo ukuze kube nokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwesikhumba. Lesi sici sesakhiwo sama-paws sivumela omama ukuba bakhuphuke emadwaleni amatshe neziqu zemithi ngejubane elimangalisayo kanye ne-dexterity, kanye nokuya phansi phansi.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Engxenyeni ephakathi emuva emuva kunendawo emelwe izinwele ezinde, ezilula noma ezimnyama ezinendawo ephakathi nendawo kanye neziphethu ze-tland glandular ezifaka imfihlo ekhethekile enephunga elimnandi ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Isibalo sisifishane, sinomlomo omkhulu ongaphezulu ongafani nalutho. Izindlebe ziyindilinga, zincane ngosayizi, kwesinye isikhathi zicishe zifihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezinwele. Uboya bukhulu, buqukethe i-fluff ethambile ne-awn rough, umbala onsundu onsundu. Emzimbeni, endaweni yesibeletho nentamo, kanye nangaphezulu kwamehlo, kuyizigaxa zezindebe ezinde.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Umndeni wakwaDamanov uqukethe izinhlobo ezine, umbhangqwana ohola indlela yokuphila kwasemini, kanye nombhangqwana - ebusuku. Abamele lolu hlobo lwe-Procavia kanye neHeterohyrax yizilwane ezincelisayo zasemini ezihlala emakoloni, zihlanganisa ukusuka kubantu abahlanu kuya kwabayisithupha. Isilwane sasehlathini ebusuku singaba nesizungu noma sihlale emndenini. Wonke amadamu ahlukaniswa ukuhamba namandla okugijima ngokushesha, gxuma phezulu ngokwanele futhi akhuphuke kalula cishe nganoma yimuphi umphezulu.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Bonke abameleli bekoloni elilodwa bavakashela “indlu yangasese” eyodwa, kanti umchamo wabo ematsheni ushiya ubala obukhulu bokubukeka komhlophe.

Abamele umndeni wakwaDamanova babonakala ngokuba khona kombono nokuzwa okwakheke kahle, kepha-ke, izilwane ezinjalo ebusuku zizama ukuhlangana ukuze zifudumale. Esikhathini sasemini, izilwane ezincelisayo kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zithanda ukucwilisa isikhathi eside elangeni, ziphakamisa imilenze yazo ngezindlala zamathumbu. UDaman uyisilwane esiqaphile kakhulu, okuthi lapho sibona ingozi, sikhale ngokukhala okukhulu nangokuphakeme, okuphoqa lonke leli koloni ukuba licashe ngokushesha endaweni yokukhosela.

Mangaki amadamasi ahlala

Isilinganiso sokuphila esidingekayo sedamu ezimweni zemvelo asidluli iminyaka eyishumi nane, kepha ingahluka kancane ngokuya ngesimo sendawo nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, induna yase-Afrika ihlala ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa, kanti odokotela baseCape bangaphila iminyaka eyishumi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwasungulwa ubuntu obujwayelekile, ngokuya ngokuthi abesimame bahlala baphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa.

Izinhlobo zamaDamu

Muva nje, umndeni wakwaDaman uhlanganise cishe izinhlobo eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nanye ezazingezizukulwane ezine. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezine kuphela, kwesinye isikhathi eziyisihlanu zezinhlobo:

• Umndeni weRosavidae umelwe nguD. Arboreus noma uMuti Daman, D. dorsalis noma Western Daman, D. halvic noma Eastern Daman, H. brucei noma Bruce Daman, kanye noPrresensis noma uCape Daman,
• Umndeni wePlohyracidas ufaka uhlobo oluthile lwenhlobo - i-Kvabebihyrah, i-Рliоhyrах (i-Lertоdоn), kanye ne-Рsіs
• I-Family Genihyiday,
• Umndeni wakwaMyohyracidae.

Wonke amadamu ahlukaniswe ngokwezigaba ezintathu ezinkulu: izintaba, ama-steppe nezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlahleni. Inani lamadama limelwe ngumndeni owodwa, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezihlala e-Afrika, kufaka phakathi udamaki wesihlahla nowentaba.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Amadamara asezintabeni ayizilwane zamakoloni ezazisatshalaliswa eMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika yonke, ukusuka empumalanga ese mpumalanga neGibhithe, i-Ethiopia kanye neSudan kuya enkabeni ye-Angola kanye nasenyakatho neNingizimu Afrika, kubandakanya nezifundazwe zaseMpumalanga kanye naseLimpopo, lapho indawo yokuhlala imelelwa khona ngamagquma anamadwala, indawo kanye nemithambeka yezintaba.

Amadamu aseCape asakazeke kakhulu ukusuka esifundeni saseSyria, North-East Africa kanye ne-Israel to South Africa, kanti futhi cishe atholakala yonke indawo eningizimu yeSahara. Izindawo ezihlala zodwa ziyabonakala ezindaweni ezinentaba zase-Algeria naseLibya.

Amadamu ezihlahla zaseNtshonalanga ahlala ezigodini zehlathi endaweni eseNingizimu neCentral Africa, futhi ayenzeka emithambekeni yezintaba aze afike endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-4,5 ngaphezu kolwandle. Amadamu esihlahla eseningizimu asakazeke e-Afrika, kanye nasogwini lwaseNingizimu-mpumalanga.

Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo ifinyelela engxenyeni eseningizimu isuka e-Uganda naseKenya ifinyelele esifundeni saseNingizimu Afrika, futhi isuka ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga yeZambia neCongo, ngasentshonalanga ohlangothini olusempumalanga ogwini lwezwekazi. Isilwane sihlala ethafeni elisentabeni namahlathi asogwini.

Ukudla kweDamana

Isisekelo sokudla kwamaningi omama simelelwa ngamaqabunga. Futhi, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengalezi zidla otshanini kanye namahlumela amancane amnyama. Isisu esinamagumbi amaningi esiyinkimbinkimbi anjalo we-herbivore siqukethe inani elanele lama-microflora akhethekile azuzisayo, anomthelela ekugayeni kokudla okusebenzayo okulula kakhulu.

Amadolobha aseCapean kwesinye isikhathi adla ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane zesikhonyane kanye nezibungu zazo. ICape Daman iyakwazi ukudla imifino equkethe ubuthi obuqinile ngokwanele ngaphandle kwempilo yakhe.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! AmaDamana anezinsimbi ezinde kakhulu futhi ezibukhali, ezisetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ekondlweni, kepha futhi zisebenza njengendlela yokuvikela isilwane esesabekayo ezilwaneni eziningi ezizingelayo.

Ukudla okujwayelekile kwamadamu asezintabeni ahlala kumapaki kazwelonke kufaka phakathi izinhlobonhlobo zeCordia (Sordia ovalis), i-grevia (Greviella), i-hibiscus (Hibiscus lunrifula), i-ficus (Fius) neMerua (Mayrua trihylla). Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengalezi aziphuzi amanzi, ngakho-ke zithola wonke uketshezi oludingekayo emzimbeni womuntu kuphela ezilwanyisweni.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Amadama amaningi azalanisa cishe unyaka wonke, kodwa inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuzala livame ukwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yesikhathi semvula. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane eCape Daman kungaphezulu nje kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Isikhathi esimangalisa kangako siyindlela yokuphendula yezikhathi zakudala lapho izilwane ezincelisayo zazilingana ne-tapir ejwayelekile.

Amawundlu agcinwa ngowesifazane esidlekeni esiphephe ngokuphelele, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-brood nest, esidakwe kahle ngotshani.. Udoti owodwa, njengomthetho, uqukethe amawundlu amahlanu noma ayisithupha, athuthukiswe kancane kunenzalo yolunye uhlobo lwamadamu. Isifingqo sentaba nomuthi wasentshonalanga daman uvame ukuqukethe amawundlu amakhulu noma akhule kahle.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Abesilisa abasebasha bahlala beshiya imindeni yabo, emva kwalokho bazenzele eyabo ikoloni, kodwa futhi bangakwazi ukuhlangana namanye amaduna ngamaqembu amakhulu, futhi abesifazane abancane bajoyine iqembu labo lomndeni.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingane ngayinye yabelwa "ingono yomuntu ngamunye", ngakho ingane ayikwazi ukondla ubisi komunye. Inqubo yokuqunjelwa yizinyanga eziyisithupha, kepha amawundlu ahlala emndenini wawo aze afinyelele ebusheni, okwenzeka kumama cishe isikhathi esingangonyaka nesigamu. Emavikini ambalwa emva kokuzalwa, amadamu asemasha aqala ukudla ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni okujwayelekile.

Izitha zemvelo

Amadamu asezintabeni azingelwa izinyoka ezinkulu kunalokho, kufaka phakathi i-hieroglyphic python, izinyoni ezidla nezingwe, kanye nezilwane ezincane ezidla ezinye. Phakathi kokunye, le nhlobo ingatholwa wumqubuko we-pneumonia we-etiology yegciwane kanye nesifo sofuba, ehlushwa yi-nematode, amazeze, izintwala kanye nemikhaza. Izitha ezinkulu zeDamu laseCape kukhona izingulule nezinqola, kanye nezimpungushe kanye nezimfene ezinamabala, ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, kubandakanya ukhozi lweKafra.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Engxenyeni ye-Arabia naseNingizimu ne-Afrika eseningizimu, amadamu abanjwa ngenhloso yokuthola inyama emnandi futhi enempilo efana nogwaja, othinta kabi isibalo sazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamahloni. Abasesichengeni kakhulu njengamanje ngamadamu asemahlathini, inani labo labantu elihlushwa ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi aluhlaza neminye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu. Sekukonke, namuhla isibalo sazo zonke izinhlobo zamadola sizinzile impela..

Izici nendawo yokuhlala yamadamu

Daman esithombeni ukude kufana nethongo, kepha lokhu kufana kungaphandle kuphela. Isayensi ikuvezile ukuthi okulandelayo kwesihlobo amadamu — izindlovu.

Kwa-Israyeli, kuneCape Daman, egama layo lokuqala lalingu "shafan", okusho ngesiRussia okusho ukuthi ngubani ocashile. Ubude bomzimba bufika kuhafu wemitha osisindo esingu 4 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.Umzimba ongaphezulu wesilwane onsundu, ingxenye engezansi yamathoni ambalwa ilula. Izinwele zedamu zikhulu impela, zinezicucu ezimnyama.

Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngocansi banesigaxa emuva. Lapho yesaba noma ijabule, ikhipha into enephunga elinamandla. Le ndawo yangemuva imvame ukupenda ngombala ohlukile.

Enye yezinto daman wezilwane ukwakheka kwemilenze yakhe. Emilenzeni yangaphambili yesilo iminwe emine, ephetha ngozankosi abushelelezi.

Lezi zidladla zifana nezipikili zabantu kunezilwane. Imilenze yangemuva ithweswa umunwe iminwe emithathu kuphela, emibili yayo iyafana nasemilenzeni yangaphambili, nomunwe owodwa ngesigaxa esikhulu. Izinyawo zamawele wesilwane ancishwa izinwele, kepha ziyaphawuleka ngesakhiwo esikhethekile sezicubu ezingaphakamisa ukugoba konyawo.

Futhi unyawo damana kukhiqiza njalo into enamathelayo. Isakhiwo esikhethekile semisipha ngokuhlangana nale nto sinikeza isilwane amandla okuhamba kalula emaweni futhi sigibela izihlahla eziphakeme kakhulu.

UBruce Daman enamahloni kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalokhu, unelukuluku kakhulu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile aphoqa lezi zilwane ukuba zingene endaweni yokuhlala abantu. UDaman - isilwanelokho kuthambekeka kalula futhi kuzwakala kukudingisiwe.

Thenga madana kungenzeka ezitolo zezilwane ezikhethekile. Sekukonke, lezi zilwane zihlala e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia. I-Ein Gedi Nature Reserve inika izivakashi zayo ithuba lokubona ukuziphatha kwalezi zilwane endaweni yemvelo.

Esithombeni, uBruce Daman

Daman wentaba uncamela ukuhlala ogwadule abangamaneno, amasanta kanye nezintaba. Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ngamadamu enkuni atholakala emahlathini futhi achitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe ezihlahleni, ekugwemeni ukwehlela emhlabathini.

Umsoco

Imvamisa, amadamu akhetha ukwanelisa indlala ngokudla kwezitshalo. Kepha uma kunesinambuzane esincane noma izibungu ezisendleleni, ngeke bazidelele. Ezimweni ezihlukile, lapho ufuna ukudla, umduna angahamba amakhilomitha angama-1-3 ukusuka koloni.

Njengomthetho, amadamu awazizwa isidingo samanzi. Izinwele zesilwane azikhuli ngokwanele, ngakho-ke zisebenzisa i-molars ngesikhathi sokudla. U-Daman unesisu esinamagumbi amaningi anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Kaningi, izidlo ziphuzwa ekuseni nakusihlwa. Isisekelo sokudla kungenzeka kube nje kuphela izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo, kodwa futhi nezimpande, izithelo, kanye nama-bulbs. Lezi zilwane ezincane zidla kakhulu. Esikhathini esiningi lokhu akuyona inkinga kubona, ngoba omama bahlala ezindaweni ezicebile ezitshalweni.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ososayensi baphethe ngokuthi lezi zilwane azinayo inkathi yokuzalwa, noma okungenani ayikhonjwanga. Okusho ukuthi, izingane ziyavela unyaka wonke, kepha hhayi kaningi ngumzali oyedwa. Owesifazane uthwala inzalo cishe izinyanga ezingama-7-8, imvamisa kusukela kumazinyane ayi-1 kuye kwayi-3 azalwa.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, inani labo lingafinyelela ku-6 - yilokho impela izingono umama anazo. Isidingo sokuncelisa ibele siyanyamalala kungakapheli amasonto amabili luzelwe, yize umama edla isikhathi eside.

Amacube azalwa ngokwanele. Babona ngokushesha futhi sebevele bembozwe ngoboya obukhulu, abakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, aqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela amukele ukudla kwezitshalo. Izingane ziyakwazi ukuzala zisenonyaka owodwa nohhafu, kulapho-ke abesilisa beshiya ikoloni, bese izinsikazi zihlale nomndeni wazo.

Isikhathi sokuphila siyahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo. Isibonelo, omama base-Afrika baphila iminyaka engama-6-7, ICape Daman ungaphila iminyaka eyi-10. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela ukuthi abantu besifazane baphila isikhathi eside ukwedlula abesilisa.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Kuze kube muva nje, ukuhleleka kwamadola bekuphelele ezinkulwaneni eziyi-10-11 ezizihlobo ezi-4. Ngemuva konyaka, inani lezinhlobo lancishiswa laba ngu-4 kuphela:

• Isigcawu seDamana (lat. I-Hyracoidea )
  • Umndeni waseDamana (lat. I-Procaviidae )
    • Ubulili: Amadamu ezinkuni (lat. I-Dendrohyrax )
      • Southern Wood Daman (lat. Dendrohyrax arboreus )
      • I-Western Wood Daman (lat. Dendrohyrax dorsalis )
    • Ubulili: Ntaba (Mpunga) Daman (lat. I-Geterocxyrax )
      • I-Yellow-Spotted noma i-Mountain Daman (Bruce Daman) (lat. IHeterohyrax brucei )
    • Ubulili: I-Procavia
      • ICape Daman (lat. I-Procavia capensis )

Bona ukuthi "amaDanishi" kwezinye izichazamazwi:

Izilwane ezinamafutha (i-Hyracoidea), isidalwa sezilwane ezincelisayo ezi-placental zohlobo lwe -ululates. Yaziwa kusuka phansi. I-Oligocene yase-Afrika kanye naphansi. pliopene of Europe. Ngoba umzimba 30 cm cm, isisindo kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-4,5 kg. Okugcwele. kubukeka njengenduku, kepha phylogenetically, mhlawumbe kusondele ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (okunamafutha) ukudonswa kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezingabonisi ubuntu. Ngaphandle kufana namagundane. Ubude bomzimba obungu-30-60 cm, umsila ongu-1 3 cm. Izinhlobo eziyi-11, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika (ngaphandle kwengxenye esenyakatho). Amanye amadamu ahlala emahlathini ezihlahleni, amanye asezintabeni, ezindaweni ezinamadwala ... I-Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Amadam - IDAMAN, iqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo. Zingezabantu abangafundile, kepha zibukeka njengezinduku. Ubude bomzimba 30-60 cm, umsila 1 3 cm, isisindo kufika ku-3 kg. Izinhlobo eziyi-7, eNtshonalanga Asia nase-Afrika (ngaphandle kwengxenye esenyakatho). Amanye amadamu ahlala emahlathini (ezihlahleni), amanye e ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

I-oda lezilwane ezincelisayo ezingabizi. Ngaphandle kufana namagundane. Umzimba ubude 30-60 cm, umsila 1 cm 3. Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa, e-Asia Minor nase-Afrika (ngaphandle kwengxenye esenyakatho). Amanye amadamu ahlala emahlathini ezihlahla, amanye asezintabeni, ezindaweni ezinamadwala. * * * Ama-DAMANS ... Dictionaryedic

amadamu - ECape Damans. Damans (Hyracoidea), iqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo. Ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-60 (okungaqondakali kakhulu ukusuka ngaphandle), bunesisindo esingama-4.5 kg. Izipikili ezinemfashini ezinqenqemeni ziyefana nezinselo (emilenzeni yangemuva, umunwe owodwa unesigaxa eside). 3 genera nge ... ... Isiqondisi se-Encyclopedic "Africa"

UDamanovye - umndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ezinesitokwe, ezinama-4.

Ukuphela komndeni wesigcawu se-monotype I-Hyracoidea .

Bahlala e-Afrika nase-Middle East.

Naphezu kokuvela kokudideka kwamadama anamuhla, anomsuka wakudala we-prehistoric.

AmaDamana ayizihlobo eziseduzane zezindlovu zesimanje.