Amaxoxo asemanzini * Chordate

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Indawo yokuhlala yalommeleli wama-amphibians yingxenye esenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala ngisho nasezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000. Imvamisa emincane ipipi itholakala ezitshalweni ezigcwele izitshalo, phansi yazo kunodaka. Ukusuka ekwesabeni, ungcwatshwe kusilika. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, isele lihamba ezindaweni ezinezikhukhula, futhi phakathi nesomiso lifihla emiphongolweni emincane noma emifantwini.

Ezimweni ezintofontofo, isele licishe libe sonke isikhathi emanzini futhi alizami ikakhulukazi ukuphuma liye emhlabathini. Kepha lapho izimo zokuphila ziya ziba zimbi, i-pipa yanoma imuphi ubudala ngeke ihlale endaweni yasemanzini, lapho behlangabezana nokungajabuli khona, futhi baphume ngokushesha emanzini.

Ukubukeka

Isici esibonakalayo se-pipa emfushane yaseBrazil ukungaboni kahle - kuyimpumputhe, futhi amehlo akhe mancane. Isidumbu esithambile sombala onsundu ompunga womuntu omdala kangaka kuyaqabukela esilinganisweni sobude obuyi-8 cm futhi sithambile ukwedlula leso amaxoxo weSpur. Isisu se-pipa simbozwe amabala amnyama. Ukukhula okusha kukhanya ngombala, isisu sazo sicishe sibe mhlophe, nekhanda engxenyeni engezansi limnyama. Uma ubheka ixoxo liqhamuka ngaphezulu, ungabona ukuthi ikhanda lawo linesimo esingunxantathu.

Okunye okubonakaliswa yi-pipa kaCorvalho ukuthi iziphetho zeminwe yangaphambi kwesikhathi zithweswe umqhele wokwenza izinkanyezi, futhi azikho nezitho zokubhukuda kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphetho zezinzwa emilenzeni yangaphambili yexoxo zinobucayi kakhulu, ezibavumela ukuthi bathole kalula ukudla lapho bemba ku-silt.

Amadoda amadala, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka kuma-amphibians, ahlukile kwabesifazane ngosayizi abancane, futhi ayazithoba. Umbala wesilisa umnyama mnyama.

Ukufana kwangaphandle kwama-peep amancane nge-homonochiruses enobukhulu obufanayo kukhulu kakhulu. Ukuhlukanisa abanye kusuka kwabanye, kufanele unake izimpawu ezinjalo:

I-Pip ibonakala ngokushesha okukhulu: ziphakama zisuka zibheke phezulu kwamanzi futhi ngokushesha okukhulu ziye phansi, zicashe phansi. AmaHymenochiruse abonakala ngokushesha okukhulu nokunyakaza okuthule kukholamu yamanzi. Ukwesaba kuphela okungabenza basheshe baye phansi bacashe.
Ngo-peep, lapho ubhukuda, iminwe yezandulelo iqondiswa phambili, kuthi ngama-hymenochiruse, iminwe igobeke ngenkathi ihamba emanzini.
Amapayipi awafani, ngokungafani nama-hymenochiruse, anezilonda emabunzini awo, okuwavumela ukuba babambe izingcezu zokudla noma ukudla okukuphilayo futhi bathumele lokho kudla okutholakale emilonyeni yabo.

Izimo zePorvalho pipa

Labamele laba bantu base-amphibians bayazithoba izimo zezindawo zokuhlala, noma kunjalo, bazozizwa kabi emanzini ahlanzekile nasentabeni. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi awunawo ngaphezu kowesilisa munye e-aquarium eyodwa - kungenzeka ukuthi bazolwa futhi balimaze abanye. Kepha kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-pipa ayilimazi inhlanzi noma izitshalo.

Ukuphakama kwamanzi ethangini nakho akunandaba kangako, kodwa-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ayixwayi kakhulu.

Kulaba bameleli be-amphibians, kuyadingeka ukudala izindawo eziningi ezifihliwe, njengama-shards obumba, izikebhe, njll., Lapho bazocasha khona. Sicela wazi ukuthi ama-peep ajabulela ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emba emhlabathini. E-aquarium, ungamboza phansi ngetshe lomfula omncane noma ama-granite chips anobubanzi obuyi-4-6 mm.

Njengotshani, kungcono ukusebenzisa izimbali ezinkulu kahle ezinamaqabunga aqinile neziqu, ezinesistimu yezimpande enamandla.

Isitsha kumele sivalwe ngenethi noma ngengilazi. Ukuze ulondoloze i-pipa, i-aquarium igcwele amanzi angagelezi, okushisa kwawo kufanele kugcinwe kungakapheli u-24-26 ° С. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlala isikhathi eside emhlabeni kungalimaza izilwane zakho ezifuywayo.

Uma izimo ziwohloka (amanzi afudumele kakhulu noma amile, ukunqamuka kokondliwa, njll.), UPipa Corvalho ushiya amanzi, ahamba kalula endaweni yengilazi ye-aquarium. Unamathela engilazini ngesisu sakhe futhi ubheka noma iliphi igebe elingaphuma ngalo.

Ukudla Pipa Corvalho

Ngokuqondene nokudla, iCorvalho pipa inokufana okufanayo ne-spur. Amaxoxo amancane adla kuphela ukudla okuphilayo (umakhi wamathumbu, i-bloodworm, i-enchitrea). Abantu asebekhulile kancane, kusukela ngenyanga yesithathu yokuphila, ngentokozo baziphonsela izingcezu zenhlanzi nenyama. Abantu abadala babamba kalula ukudla okwomile okungaphezulu kwamanzi, njenge-gammarus, daphnia, futhi bangazideleli okuphakelayo okugxilekile okugxilile.

UPipas udla ngokuhaha futhi nenani elikhulu lokudla, kuyilapho eba namandla phambi kwamehlo akhe. Qaphela ukuthi ukondliwa okuthuthukisiwe kungenye yezinto ezikhuthaza kakhulu ekuvelweni kwamaxoxo ale nhlobo.

Isiko lokuqomisana

Owesilisa wenza imizamo yokuthi “athandane” nowesifazane, kepha uma engakutholi ukubuyisa, uzomshiya yedwa. Endabeni yokulungela kowesifazane ukwelukelwa kocansi, uqina “ekumbambeni” kowesilisa, kuthi ukuquleka kudlule emzimbeni wakhe. Ngokuzwa lokhu, owesilisa ubamba umzimba wakhe ngokuqinile, futhi kulesi sikhundla babhukuda isikhathi eside, mhlawumbe kuze kube usuku. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokuthwebula yenzeka ebusuku, futhi ukubhangqa ngokwayo kwenzeka ekuntweleni kokusa.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kukaPipa Corvalho

Inqubo yokwenziwa kabusha kwePipa Corvalho iyajabulisa kakhulu. Lapho amaqanda evundiswa, owesilisa uwacindezela ngosizo lwesisu sakhe ngemuva kwensikazi, enza imigqa yawo. Uma lo mbhangqwana uvundile kakhulu, ama-gloss amasha okugcoba ngaphezulu kwamaqanda, asevele ecindezelwe emuva. Inqubo ngokwayo imi ngalendlela elandelayo: owesilisa uqoqa amaqanda ezinhlangothini zomzimba wowesifazane, ekhanda lakhe, awakheke ungqimba olulodwa endaweni ethile ngemuva kwakhe.

Kuyamangaza futhi ukuthi amaqanda anamathela ezitshalweni noma akhule ngokuthile awakwazi ukukhula nokufa. Zisinda kuphela lapho zisesemuva kwexoxo lesifazane. I-Clutch imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda angama-50-200.

Emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokuba amaqanda engemuva kweCorvalho pipa, okuyindilinga ebomvana oluhlaza okuvela kuyo, lapho amaqanda ebuyiselwa khona. Ngemuva kwalokhu, inqubo yoku-molting iyenzeka.

Emanzini okushisa egumbi, ama-tadpoles avuthwa ngezinsuku eziyi-14. Ukusheshisa inqubo, ungangezelela kancane izinga lokushisa. Imishubhu iphuma egobolondweni ngokungalingani, yingakho emuva kwabesifazane besikhathi esinikeziwe baphuma ngebhuloho lesibabule. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlanze amanzi asesitsheni ngemisipha.

Ekuzalweni, ubude bomzimba oyindilinga wamacadada bufika ku-1 cm. Umsila okwamanje ungabonakala ngokuphelele. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zidla ku-ciliates namagciwane.

Ezinyangeni ezimbili emva kokuzalwa, amatheku aphenduka amaxoxo amancane. Lapho yonke imidlwane ishiya insikazi, ukuncibilika kwayo kuphinda futhi, futhi isele likulungele ukuvuthwa.

Izici kanye nencazelo ye-Surinamese pipa

Umehluko wokuqala kusuka kwamanye ama-amphibians umzimba wakhe. Lapho uqala ukubona i-frog enjalo, ungafunga ukuthi i-skating rink ihambise kaningana. Umzimba wakhe mncane kakhulu futhi uthambile, ufana kakhulu neqabunga elikhulu, elidala lesihlahla esithile, futhi ngisho nokwamukela ukuthi ingumhlali womfula oshisayo onamanzi afudumele kunzima kakhulu.

Inhloko yesandla seSuriname inesimo esingunxantathu futhi ifekethisiwe njengawo wonke umzimba wexoxo. Amehlo itholakala ngaphezulu kobuso Azinawo amajwabu amehlo futhi mancane kakhulu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi la maxoxo awanamazinyo nolimi. Esikhundleni salokho, i-toad inemichilo yesikhumba etholakala emakhoneni omlomo futhi ifana kakhulu neetende.

Imilenze yangaphambili ye-amphibian ayinawo ulwelwesi futhi iyaphela ngeminwe emide engenazimpuphu, yile omunye umehluko kusuka kwamanye amasele. Futhi emilenzeni yangemuva kukhona imigoqo yesikhumba, inamandla amakhulu futhi iphakathi kweminwe. Lawa mafolda enza ukuba isele lizizwe lizethemba ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Umzimba wesele elikhulu kakhulu awudluli amasentimitha ayishumi nambili, kepha kunabantu abalukhuni, ubude bawo bungaba finyelela amasentimitha angamashumi amabili . Isikhumba salesi silwane esingajwayelekile sinolaka futhi sinemikhawulo, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona amabala amnyama emhlane.

Umbala weSipinamese pipa awukhanyi kahle, ikakhulukazi unesikhumba esinsundu grey nesisu esikhanyayo; kungenzeka futhi kube nomucu omnyama oya emphinjeni bese umboza intamo yesoad, wakhe umngcele kuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane esivele singabukeki kangako sinephunga eliqinile elifana nephunga le-hydrogen sulfide.

Indlela Yokuphila Yezingane Nutrition

I-halo yendawo yokuhlala yalesi sitho ngamachibi anamanzi afudumele futhi anodaka, angenawo amandla aqinile. I-ATuhlangana eduze kwabantu , eduze kwamahlathi emiseleni yokunisela. Uwuthanda impela phansi udaka, uyindawo yokondla i-pipa.

Ngeminwe yakhe emide, esezandleni zayo zangaphambili, ukhulula inhlabathi futhi afune ukudla, bese ewudonsela emlonyeni wakhe. Abasizi kulokhu ukuphuma kwezinyawo emilenzeni, okufana kakhulu nama-asterisks, ngaleli cele libizwa ngokuthi "isibhamu senkanyezi".

Ama-Surinamese frog feed, ayizinsalela eziphilayo ezigcwatshwe emhlabathini, ezansi kwerebi. Kungaba:

izingcezu zenhlanzi
izibungu
amaprotheni izinambuzane ezicebile.

Amaxoxo wePipa acishe angabonakali emhlabeni, yize enazo zonke izimpawu zesilwane sendawo:

isikhumba esinolaka kakhulu
amaphaphu aqinile.

Okuhlukile yilezo zikhathi lapho lina kakhulu iBolivia, Peru, i-Ecuador nakwamanye amadolobha aseNingizimu Melika. Lokhu kwenzeka nini Shubisa ubuhlalu avele ogwini futhi athuthele amakhulu wamakhilomitha ukuthola izimbotshana ezifudumele nezingcolile eduze kwamahlathi emvula, lapho abeka khona ibhasikishi nelanga elangeni.

Isifiso sempilo nokuzalwa

Isikhathi sokuzalela kwamaxoxo weSurinamese kuqala lapho kuqala imvula imvula. Lezi toads azithandani nobulili obuhlukile yize kungekho lula ukuhlukanisa ukuthi owesifazane ukuphi nokuthi owesilisa ukuphi. Ukuze unqobe insikazi, owesilisa kufanele aqale umdanso wokuphelisa, olandelayo - ingoma.

Ukuze owesimame aqonde ukuthi owesilisa ulungele ukushada, uqala ukukhipha ukubhoboza ukubhoboza. Owesifazane, ngemuva kokukhetha owesilisa , isondela kuye futhi iphonsa amaqanda angenamuntu emanzini, futhi owesilisa ngokushesha uqala ukukhipha isidoda kubo ukuze anikeze izingane ezizayo.

Ngemuva kwesikhashana, insikazi yehlela ezansi ukuze ibambe amaqanda esidunwa ngowesilisa, ayibambe emhlane. Futhi owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi kufanele asabalalise amaqanda ngokulinganayo kumama esizayo.

Wenza amaseli amancane emuva kwensikazi, acindezela iqanda ngalinye lapho ngokwehlukana, azisize ngemilenze yakhe yangasemva nesisu. Ngemuva kwamahora amaningi womsebenzi onjalo, emuva kwexoxo kungadidaniswa nezinyosi zezinyosi. Ngemuva komsebenzi owenziwe, owesilisa ushiya izingane zakhe ezizayo nowesifazane futhi angaphinde abonakale empilweni yabo.

ISipinamese pipa izala izingane zayo cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Isele ngenkunkuma ngayinye singakhiqiza amaxoxo angaba yikhulu azalwa ngasikhathi sinye. Impahla okuyinto ingemuva lowesifazane Inesisindo esingu-385 amagremu, ngepay, lokhu akulula. Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amaqanda asezindaweni zawo, ambozwe ngumbungu ovikelayo, uqinile kakhulu futhi uvikela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Ukujula kwamaseli etholakala kuwo i-caviar kufinyelela kumamilimitha amabili.

Ukuba semzimbeni womama, imibungu ithatha emzimbeni wakhe wonke, ngaphandle kwalokho, izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze ikhule. Ama-partitions awahlukanisa komunye nomunye anemithambo yegazi eminingi, lapho athola khona umoya-mpilo kanye nokudla okunempilo, kanye nemibungu.

Emavikini ayishumi nambili kamuva, amasele asemasha ahamba ngefilimu evikelayo yendlu yawo futhi abhukudele ezweni lamanzi elingafakwanga. Kusuka ekuzalweni, zizimele kakhulu futhi kungaholela empilweni ejwayelekile yodwa, ngaphandle kosizo lomuntu omdala.

Lokhu kubukeka kwabantu abasha abancane akubhekwa njengokuzalwa bukhoma, yize amasele evela emzimbeni wowesifazane. Inqubo yokukhulisa amaqanda , njengamanye ama-amphibians, umehluko kuphela yindawo abakhulela kuyo.

Lapho kuzalwa isizukulwane esisha, emuva kwesele leSurinamese kudinga ukuvuselelwa ngokushesha. Ukuze wenze lokhu uPipa umhlikihla emhlane mayelana ne-algae ehlukene namatshe futhi lokhu kumvumela ukuba asuse indawo lapho kwakhiwa khona imibungu.

Kuze kube isizini elandelayo yokuzalela, isele lingakujabulela impilo futhi lingabi nalutho lokukhathazeka ngalo. Amasele amancane bazokwazi ukuzala ngokuzimela lapho beneminyaka eyisithupha.

I-Surinamese pipa ekhaya

Abantu abathanda izilwane ezixakile bazalanisa lawa maxoxo amahle ekhaya, futhi ukubukeka kwabo nokungabukeki kangako nephunga le-hydrogen sulfide akubesabisi nakancane. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuqapha ukuthi insikazi izithwala kanjani izibungu nokuthi zingena kanjani emhlabeni.

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuqala i-pipa ekhaya, lapho-ke uzodinga i-aquarium enkulu. Uma unexoxo elilodwa lokuphila, khona-ke yena kumele uhlale kungabi ngaphansi kwamalitha amanzi ayikhulu, futhi uma amabili noma amathathu, bese ahlukana ukuze inani elifanayo liwele kumuntu ngamunye, okungukuthi, amasele amathathu adinga i-aquarium ngamalitha amanzi angamakhulu amathathu.

Amanzi kufanele agcwele umoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke udinga ukucabanga ngalokhu kusengaphambili. Futhi ubheke ngokucophelela umbuso wokushisa. Izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule ama-degree angamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili futhi libe ngaphansi kwamashumi amabili nane.

Ngezansi kwe-aquarium udinga ukuthulula isihlabathi ngetshe elihle. Futhi futhi kufanele kube ne-algae ephilayo ehlukile, lokhu kuzosiza I-Surinamese Frog zizwe ukhululekile. Kudingeka zondliwe izifunzo ezahlukahlukene zama-amphibians, futhi ngeke zilahle izikhwebu zomhlaba, izibungu nezincanyana zezinhlanzi eziphilayo.

Niramin - Mar 17th, 2016

U-Pipa toad uhlala ezihlahleni zaseNingizimu Melika, ukhetha noma iyiphi imithombo yokuziphilisa ngokuphila kwayo ngenkathi eyomile: imifula, amachibi, imisele yokunisela ngisho nezimbotshana ezomile. Lapho kuqala inkathi yemvula, laba bantu basemanzini baphuma emakhaya abo bese beqala uhambo olungena emahlathini ashisayo asezikhukhuleni ukuze baqhubeke nohlobo lwabo.

I-Pipa toad ibukeka njengehlamvu eliphansi lesimo se-quadrangular. Ekhanda elingunxantathu, amehlo abheke phezulu, futhi isikhumba emakhoneni omlomo kufana ne-tentpentern. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala buba malunga nama-20 cm. Umzimba we-pipa upendiwe ngamathoni ansundu nampunga, ahambisana naphansi nodaka, lapho kuvame ukuchitha khona isikhathi esiningi. Ngokungafani namaxoxo ajwayelekile, i-pipa ayinazo ulwelwesi olungaphambili lwangaphambili. Esikhundleni se-membranes, lesi sici sineminwe emincane emincane, ngosizo lwaso sigubhuzela odakeni olungezansi lokudla. Izingalo zomzimba wasemuva zinamandla futhi zinamandla, zifakwe ulwelwesi, ngosizo lwe-pipa libhukuda ngalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi laba bameleli bama-amphibians banciphisa amazinyo nolimi. Ngaphezu kwalezi zici, lesi sici sishiya iphunga elicijile futhi elingajabulisi, esikhumbuza iphunga lesibabule.

I-Pipa idla izilwane ezincane ezithola ku-silt: izibungu, inhlanzi encane nezinhlayiya zokudla ezahlukahlukene.

Naphezu kokubukeka okubi nokuhogela okungathandeki, i-pipa toad ibhekwa njengesibonelo sokunakekela inzalo yayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi le ntokazi ithwala amaqanda ayo ngemuva kwayo. Kuqala ubeka amaqanda njengensephe elijwayelekile, kepha owesilisa uyawathatha awafake kumaseli akhethekile akhiwe ngemuva kowesifazane. Ukuthuthuka, amaqanda ayanda futhi ayanda acindezelwa kumaseli okujula. Ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-80-85, imibungu iphenduka ibe ama-tadpoles, lapho kukhula khona amathole amancane. Izinsana ekugcineni ezakhekile ziklebhula igobolondo elingaphezulu bese ziphumela ngaphandle ziqale impilo yazo yokuzimela.

Photo: UPipa enamaqanda emhlane wakhe.

Photo: Embryo frog ngemuva kwepipa lowesifazane.

Ividiyo: I-Toad Pipa Suriname

Ividiyo: I-Zoology: I-Surinamese pipa - ukunakekela inzalo

Ividiyo: Ukuzalwa Okumangalisayo kukaPipa Pipa!

U-Pipa Corvalho, uyi-pipa emfushane yaseBrazil - isele elingaboni kahle, kepha imilenze yakhe ebukhali iyamsiza ukuba akwazi ukubona umhlaba.

Lolu hlobo lwama-amphibians luhlala enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Ingatholakala ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000. Emazweni lapho kutholakala khona uPipa Corvalho, isihlamba esibi kakhulu kowesifazane "uSenora Pamban".

Incazelo yePipa Corvalho

Ubude bomzimba ngamasentimitha 8-9. Umzimba uthambile, ikhanda linxantathu. Kumathiphu weminwe yangaphambili kukhona ukwakheka okumise okwenkanyezi - iziphetho zezinzwa ezibucayi kakhulu, ngenxa yazo amasele agaya emhlabathini futhi afune ukudla. Iminwe ebucayi iyadingeka kuma-pips ngoba kunzima ukuyibona futhi iyimpumputhe.

Ama-membranes okubhukuda awatholakali. Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane, futhi imizimba yabo isicaba futhi imnyama ngombala, amehlo abo mancane.

Umbala womzimba womuntu mdala ungwevu onsundu. Imibala yentsha ilula, kanti isisu sicishe saba mhlophe.

Indlela Yokuphila YeBrazil Dwarf Pipa

UPip Corvalho uhlala emanzini kuphela. Zijwayelekile emizimbeni yamanzi eguqukayo etholakala ezindaweni eziphansi futhi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000. Zitholakala phakathi kwezingodo, izitshalo, phansi kodaka. Uma indawo yokuhlala ilungile i-pipa, ayizami ukushiya umzimba wayo wamanzi, kodwa uma izimo zokuphila zingalungile, khona-ke amasele anoma yimuphi unyaka akhethwa emanzini.

Amapayipi uCorvalho adla kakhulu, ngenkathi ehlale ngokulangazela. Lapho imifula igcwala, iziqaqa ziyazulazula ezindaweni ezinezikhukhula. Ngesikhathi sesomiso nokomiswa kwamachibi, iziqhingi zihlala zingagudluki emaphondweni amancane, zilinde isikhathi esihle. Uma i-pipa isaba, khona-ke iwele ngaphansi futhi izimboze ngosilika.

Ukuzala Pip Corvalho

Ukuzalanisa nokuthuthuka, amapayipi adinga amanzi ngokushisa kwama-20-30 degrees nokuqina kwama-degree angama-5. I-Aeration for tadpoles iyingozi. Isilinganiso sabesilisa kwabesifazane kufanele sibe yi-1: 1. Owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele anikezwe ukuphumula. Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu endaweni yokushisa yama-26- 28 degrees kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-15. Amaqanda avuthwa ngokungalingani. Ngosuku olungaphambi kokubopha imisele, amagobolondo amaqanda ayavuvukala, bese kuvela izimbobo ezihlokweni zazo.

I-Surinamese pipa ingabalwa esigabeni somama abakhathalela kakhulu bemvelo yemvelo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-tadpoles ahlala kulo izinyanga ezi-2,5. Ngomqondo ongokoqobo. Baphila ngesizathu sokuthi amapayipi anezisele zawo zonke emgodini. Khethekile. Nansi into.

UPipa uthwala iqanda lonke libekwe “umthungo” wakhe. I-tadpole yesikhathi esizayo inegumbi le-deluxe elinezinto zonke zokunikeza usizo. Amandla - "konke kufakiwe", ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu nokuphepha. Bakuthola konke lokhu besesitokisini esise-hexagonal esisendaweni ye-pipa ngemuva.

Ubaba usiza ukubeka izingane zabo ezindaweni. Le nqubo iyamangaza, kepha nokho zama ukuyichaza. Okokuqala, ukuvuthwa kuhlala usuku. IPipa kucatshangwa ukuthi inomanyolo wangaphakathi. I-cloaca yowesifazane ngendlela yesikhwama esikhulu luhlobo lohlobo lwe-ovipositor, lona oluvuthisa insikazi lithuthukela ngaphansi kwendoda kuye emuva. Uhlobo oluthile nje lwe-transformer. Lapho-ke owesilisa ucindezelwa ngowesifazane bese ecindezela i-ovipositor, econsa kancane amaqanda amakhulu kuyo. Ngobubanzi, angafinyelela ku-6,7 mm. Ngakho-ke, usabalalisa amaqanda ngemuva kowesifazane cishe ngokulinganayo, umuntu angasho ngokunemba kobucwebe. Futhi iyaqhubeka. Kulokhu umsebenzi wakhe waphela.

I-Pipa ingazalela amaqanda angama-114 bese idonsela lesi isisindo ngokwayo izinsuku ezingama-80-85. Uma iqanda elilodwa esiteji sokuqala linesisindo esingu-2.97 g., Futhi ekugcineni - 3.37 g., Phindaphinda lokhu ngo-114. Ekugcineni sithola, idonsa ngama-384.16 g. Hhayi kancane.

Esitokisini, amasele cishe akhiwa ngokuphelele futhi ayakhasa lapho aselungele impilo. Lapho izingane sezishiyile "i-kindergarten ephathekayo", i-pipa igcwala ematsheni noma ezitshalweni bese isula izinsalela zesikhumba. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, imbozwe ngesikhumba esisha.

Lamaxoxo amnandi ahlala eBrazil, Bolivia, Peru naseSuriname. Naphezu kwendlela yokuphila engaphansi kwamanzi ngokuphelele, amaphaphu akhe nesikhumba esinyantisayo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu - izimpawu ezivame ukuvezwa kahle ngezindlela zomhlaba. O, futhi ngacishe ngakhohlwa! ISipinamese pipa ingafinyelela kubude obungafika kuma-20 cm. Cishe ingxoxo ye-goliath kuphela, kepha sizokhuluma ngayo ngokuzayo.

Amaxoxo, i-Pipa Surinamese, isithombe sikaPipa, iGimenokhirusy, iSpur frog, isondlo, ukunakekelwa - ama-4,3 kwayi-5 asuselwe kuma-voti ayi-16

Izici zokuqukethwe kwe-hymenochirus

"Okudumisayo" kakhulu kwamaxoxo wamanzi. Kuyelulekwa ukugcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi kubo lingaphansi kwe-20, futhi okungcono - 24 ° C, ngoba emanzini apholile ukumelana nomzimba kwezifo ezithathelwanayo nezikhunta kuncipha kakhulu.

Ama-aquarium amakhulu asetshenziselwa ukugcina ipayipi. Ivolumu akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwamalitha ayi-100 ngombhangqwana ngamunye, kodwa okungcono okungama-200 - 300 .. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lingama-26 degrees.

Ngisho nezindawo ezinamanzi amancane kakhulu, ezisuka kumalitha angama-20 i-pair ngayinye, ezigcwalisa u-1/2 kuya ku-2/3 wevolumu yamanzi, zilungele ukugcina amaxoxo eSpur. Ungqimba olungama-4-6 cm ka-gravel ocolekileyo uthululelwa phansi, lapho ungatshala khona izitshalo, kodwa uma i-aquarium incane, izilwane zisikhipha masinyane. Phansi kunezindawo zokukhosela eziningana ezenziwe ngemishanguzo, amatshe nezimbiza zobumba. Izinga lokushisa lingama-18 - 25 degrees.

Uma kunesidingo, izishisi zokulawula ukushisa zingasetshenziswa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imishini, ikakhulukazi ingilazi, kufanele iqiniswe ngokuthembekile, ngoba amasele azama ukukhwela kunoma yiliphi igebe.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amasele ayizidalwa ezinemizwa futhi ezithandekayo. Abathandi lapho umsindo omkhulu, njengokungqongqoza, uzwakala eduze kwe-aquarium. Ngokwethuka, amasele aqala ukushesha kakhulu, eshaya izindonga, amatshe, izitshalo, akhulisa usilika kusuka phansi. Lokhu kunyama akudluli nabo kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo.

Ukudla amaxoxo

Peep emithambekeni yokudla ngokweqile kanye nokukhuluphala. Kepha ungazinaki isifiso sabo. Lapho usuthisa, ubanikeze impela ukudla abangakudla ngemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu ngaphandle komkhondo.

Ukudla kwe-pip: izibungu, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane kanye nezibungu zazo, imfucumfucu evela kumzimba wezidumbu ezibunjiwe, ukudla okujwayelekile kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini - izikhwebu zegazi, isiphaphu, izingcezu zenyama ebomvu, yenkukhu, inhlanzi. Umhlonyane wegazi ophilayo uvele ungene emhlabathini futhi ungaqukeka nokutheleleka, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwuqhola ukuze uwondle. Ishubhu libangela ubuthi bokudla, kungcono ukungabondli. Imichilo yenyama enamafutha engafakwa nayo ingafakwa ekudleni. Ukudla okunamafutha akunampilo! IGimenokhirusov kanye namaxoxo amancane asuthiswa kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, abantu abadala, i-pip kanye ne-spur - kabili ngesonto. Amafutha akhule ngokusobala angabulawa yindlala isigamu isonto elilodwa nohhafu.

Uma amasele njalo ondliwa ngesandla, khona-ke maduze ayeka ukwesaba abantu, avumela ukuba athintwe. Kepha ukubakhipha emanzini akudingekile.

Umndeni wePip

I-Suriname Pipa

Suriname Pipa!
Ngabe uyamazi, akungabazeki?
Angazi?
Kanjani?
Kanje!
Ah Ah ah!
Ngikushaya ihlombe!
Ngabe uPanda angazi
Tuataru
Noma i-Vhite enamakhanda amhlophe -
Kepha akekho ongazi
Isilo esinjani
Suriname Pipa!

Noma ehlala
Ezweni elikude - eSuriname
Futhi akuvamile, into embi,
Ihlangana nathi
Yize emubi
(Isizotha kuphela simhlobisa!),
Yize evela emndenini wexoxo -
Mazi
Kakhulu futhi kakhulu akukuphazamisi!

Lapho,
Emthunzini we-Algarrobe, eQuebracho
Nezinye izimbali ezingaziwa,
Ematheni kusihlwa nakumaxoxo
Amawaya angashayi eceleni ayahola.
Phakathi kokuqhekeka,
Ukanya
Ukucwilisa, ukuqhekeza kanye nokugibela
Izwi lakho elicacile lizwakele
Suriname Pipa!
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amaxoxo
Imizwa yomndeni
Ngokuvamile buthakathaka.
Mayelana nenzalo
Imvamisa
Akudabukanga kakhulu
Amathuluzi.
Futhi yena -
Le ndodakazi ethobekile yaseSuriname, -
Noma isinqe
Kepha
Ngaphandle komusa!

Yebo,
Akekho
Kuyesabeka kanjani
Amaqanda:
Wonke amaqanda
Ulele emhlane wakhe
Njengakwi-perink ethambile.
Emzimbeni womama
(Futhi enhliziyweni!)
Bayakhula
FUTHI,
Ungazi ngezinkinga
Imidlwane kuzo ikhula

Khula kancane.
Kuze kufinyelele isikhathi esibekiwe -
Izingane
Donsa bese udonsa udonsa
Kusuka kumajusi omama.
Bese bebaleka
Yeqa
Futhi bakhohlwa ngokuphelele ngomama.
(Kuyenzeka,
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu
Hhayi eSuriname kuphela. )

Uyaphila
I-Suriname Pipa.
Manje -
Ngithemba ukuthi -
Wena
Okungenani okuyingxenye
Ngihlangane naye!
Uma bekubuza:
"USuriname Pipa unhloboni yesilo?" -
Impendulo:
"Le yi-toad,
Kodwa i-toad iwuhlobo olukhethekile! "

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ikhanda le-pipa lingunxantathu ngesimo futhi lifane ncamashi nomzimba wonke walesi sitshalo esishisayo. Amehlo abheke phezulu kobuso, anezinkophe futhi amincane kakhulu ngosayizi. Enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu yipheshana esiswini ukungabikho kwamazinyo nolimi kulezi zilwane. Esikhundleni salokho, izitho zokugaya ziguqulwa iziqeshana zesikhumba ezisezindongeni zomlomo. Babukeka ngandlela-thile njengamatende.

Ividiyo: Pipa

Omunye umehluko obalulekile ovela kuwo wonke amanye amasele - imilenze yangaphambili yalesi se-amphibian ayinazitho zokugcina ekugcineni nokuphela kwayo ngeminwe eyeluliwe. Futhi yini okumangazayo kakhulu - azikho izigqoko kubo, ezihlukanisa i-pipa yaseSurinamese kuzo zonke izilwane eziphakeme bebonke. Kepha emilenzeni yasemuva kukhona imigoqo yesikhumba, iyahlukahluka ngamandla ayo futhi itholakala phakathi kweminwe. Lawa mafolda enza ukunyakaza kwexoxo ngaphansi kwamanzi liqiniseke kakhulu.

Ubude bomzimba we-pipa laseSurinamese cishe abudluli kuma-cm angama-20. Akuvamile lapho kutholakala abantu abakhulu okuthi ubude bawo bufika ku-22-23 cm.Isikhumba salesi silo sinolaka kakhulu futhi sisontekile ngesakhiwo saso, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona amabala amnyama ngemuva. Enye “impumelelo” ebaluleke kakhulu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo evumela i-pipa yaseSurinamese ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezemvelo imfushane (ngokungafani neningi lamasele ase tropical). Lamaxoxo anesikhumba esinsundu grey nesisu esikhanyayo.

Imvamisa kuba nomucu omnyama oza emqaleni futhi umboze intamo yesoad, ngaleyo ndlela enze umngcele kuwo. Iphunga elingathandeki, elingajabulisi lesilwane esivele sikhangeleka kancane lisebenza ukuvimbela izisulu ezingaba khona (“iphunga” elifana ne-hydrogen sulfide).

Ihlala kuphi i-pipa?

Indawo ethandwa yilesi sithoba yimizimba yamanzi enamanzi afudumele nodaka, angahlukaniswa yithuluzi elinamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusondela kumuntu akumethuseli - Iziqongo zaseSurinamese zihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, zivame ukubonwa zingahlali kude namahlathi (ikakhulukazi emiseleni yokunisela). Isilwane simane sinamathisele phansi enodaka - ikakhulu, ungqimba lwesilika yindawo yokuhlala yalo.

Izidalwa ezimangalisa kanjalo zihlala kuleyo ndawo, futhi. Lapho, zibhekwa "njengabantu abaphila ngokuthula bazo zonke izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile" - izindlela zaseSurinamese zihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini kuphela. Lamaxoxo angabonakala kalula hhayi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamachibi kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemiseleni yokunisela etholakala emasimini.

Ngisho nesikhathi eside sesomiso asikwazi ukubaphoqa ukuthi bahlubukele emhlabathini oqinile - i-pipa ithanda ukuhlala ngaphandle emiphongolweni eyomile. Kepha kanye nenkathi yemvula kubo kuqala umkhathi wangempela - amasele athatha imiphefumulo yawo ngokugcwele, ahamba ngokugeleza kwamanzi emvula ngokusebenzisa imvula ekhukhulayo.

Okumangaza kakhulu uthando olunamandla lwe-Pip Surinamese lwamanzi - unikezwe iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zinamaphaphu akhule kahle nesikhumba esibi, esinamafutha (lezi zibonakaliso ziyisimo sezilwane zomhlaba). Imizimba yabo ifana neqabunga elincane eline-quadrangular elinezinhlangothi ezibukhali ezinhlangothini zalo. Indawo yokuguqula inhloko emzimbeni empeleni ayivezwanga. Amehlo ahlala ebheka phezulu.

Ama-aquarium esintu asephenduke enye indawo yokuhlala kwe-Surinamese peeps. Ngaphandle kokubukeka okungathandeki ikakhulukazi nephunga eliphumayo le-hydrogen sulfide, abantu abathandayo bayakujabulela ukuzala la maxoxo angaqondakali ekhaya. Bavumelana ngamabomu ukuthi kuyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi kuyazilandela ukulandela inqubo yokuthwala izibungu ngowesifazane ngokuzalwa okulandelayo kwezidambisi.

Kuleso simo, uma ngemuva kokufunda i-athikili uzoyizwa uzwela i-Surinamese peep bese uthatha isinqumo ngokuqinile sokuthola ixoxo elinjalo ekhaya, khona lapho vele ulungiselele i-aquarium enkulu. I-amphibian eyodwa kufanele okungenani ibe namalitha amanzi ayi-100. Kumuntu ngamunye olandelayo - ivolumu efanayo. Kepha yini okukhona - kuvela ukuthi i-Pipa Surinamese endle kuphela isetshenziswa kunoma yiziphi izimo. Ekudingisweni, uhlangabezana nengcindezi enkulu, futhi ukuze lesi silwane sivelise izingane, kufanele sinikezwe izimo eziningana.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi :

Ukuqinisekisa okomoya ngokweqile we-aquarium,
izimo zokushisa ezingaguquki. Ukushintshwa kwamanani amanani kuvunyelwe ebangeni kusuka ku-28С kuya ku-24С,
izinhlobo zokudla. Lamaxoxo awadingi ukondliwa hhayi kuphela ngemifino eyomile yezilwane zasemanzini, kodwa futhi nangezikelemu zomhlaba, izibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini kanye nezingcezu zezinhlanzi ezintsha.

Ukwenza i-pipa yaseSurinamese ehlala e-aquarium izizwe ikhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka, isihlabathi esine-gravel emihle ne-algae ephilayo kufanele sithululelwe phansi.

Ngabe udlani u-pipa?

Ngeminwe yakhe emide futhi emide ebekwe ngaphambili kwekhwapha lakhe, isinqandamathe sikhulula umhlabathi sibheke ukudla, bese siyithumela emlonyeni. Uyazisiza enqubweni enhle kangaka ngeziqubu ezinsweni zakhe zomzimba. Ngokucatshangelwa ukuthi bafana kahle nezinkanyezi, lesi sithabu sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi-inja". Ukudla kweSurinamese frog kuqukethe izinsalela ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ezansi kwethala, emhlabathini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pipa idla :

inhlanzi encane nefry,
izinambuzane zasemanzini.

Amaxoxo wePipa cishe awalokothi azingele ebusweni. Ngokungafani namasele, ejwayelekile ukubona, awahlali esixhaphozini futhi awazibambi izinambuzane ezindizayo ngezilimi zawo ezinde. Yebo, banesikhumba esilukhuni, umthamo omkhulu wamaphaphu, kepha i-Surinamese pipa idla kuphela ngokumba ngokujulile kusilika, noma ngokumane emanzini.

Mayelana nenkathi yemvula, abanye abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi ngenkathi yezimvula, abantu abasemelika baseNingizimu Melika bavela kanjani ogwini futhi bahambe amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha ukuze bathole izimbotshana ezifudumele nezingcolile eziseduzane. Kusebenza lapho bafudumele bese besika elangeni.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi usondla kanjani iselesele se-pipa. Masibone ukuthi ihlala kanjani endle.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Njengamanye amaxoxo amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho kumiswa noma kumiswa ngaphandle kwemizimba yamanzi, i-Pipa Surinamese ihlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezingcolile, ezingagundile noma ezintofontofo, ilinde ukubekezela ukuqala kwezikhathi ezingcono. Ukwesaba, i-amphibian isheshe yehlele ezansi, igxilise ujule kuthelevishini.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlale ezintweni ezingafani nokuziphatha kwama-tadpoles ahlanjiwe. Isibonelo, ama-tadpoles aqinile athambekele ekufikeni kwamanzi futhi abambe i-bubble yomoya oxhasa impilo ngokushesha okukhulu. "Izizukulwane" ezibuthakathaka, kunalokho, ziwela phansi bese zishanela phansi ngemizamo emi-2 kuphela.

Ngemuva kokuba amaphaphu abo evulekile, amatheku angakwazi ukubhukuda ngokuqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba bakhombisa ukuzibandakanya - kulula kakhulu ukubalekela futhi uthole ukudla. Isele, ngaphambili elalithwele amaqanda emhlane waso, ngemuva kokuphuma kwamadambadonsela amatshe, lifuna ukususa izinsalela zamaqanda. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, insikazi evuthiwe ngokocansi ibuye isilungele ukuzala.

Ama-watpoles ayondliwa kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-2 zokuphila kwawo. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko (noma ngabe kuzwakala kangakanani) ngama-ciliates nama-bacterium, ngoba ngohlobo lwabo lokudla bangama-fterrator (afana nezimbaza). I-Nettle powder ilungele ukondliwa okudingayo. Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ipayipi leSurinamese kwenzeka kwa-T (ku-vivo) kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-30 ° C kanye nokuqina kungadluli amayunithi ayi-5.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Owesilisa ezenzweni zocansi wenza imisindo ethile yokuchofoza, ngokusobala ekhombisa intokazi ukuthi ikulungele ukumjabulisa futhi ihehe ukuchitha isikhathi. Owesilisa nowesifazane benza imidanso yomshado ngqo ngaphansi kwamanzi (phakathi nale nqubo, omunye nomunye “uyahlolwa”). Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amaningana - ngokuhambisana nalokhu, "okhethiweyo wakhe" ubathululela ngoketshezi lwayo lwesisu.

Emva kwalokho, insikazi iya phansi, lapho amaqanda avundiselwe khona awela ngqo emhlane wakhe bese inamathela kuye ngokushesha. Owesilisa naye ubamba iqhaza kule nqubo, ecindezela amaqanda kumlingani wakhe ngemilenze yakhe yangasemva. Ngokubambisana, ayakwazi ukuzisabalalisa ngokulinganayo emangqamuzaneni akhiwe ngemuva kwayo yonke insikazi. Inani lamaqanda kwelinye lama-clutch liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-144.

Isikhathi lapho isele siyozala ngaso inzalo yaso cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-80. Isisindo 'semithwalo' esinamaqanda asemuva kowesifazane singama-gramu angama-385 - ukugqoka ubumbeko be-pipa ubusuku nemini kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Inzuzo yalesi sakhiwo sokunakekela izingane ilele ekutheni lapho eseqedile inqubo yokwenziwa kwemashi, embozwe ulwelwesi olunamandla oluvikelayo olunikeza isivikelo esithembekile. Ukujula kwamaseli lapho i-caviar ibekwe khona ifinyelela ku-2 mm.

Ukuhlala, eqinisweni, emzimbeni kamama, imibungu ithola emzimbeni wakhe zonke izakhamzimba eziyidingayo ukuze ikhule ngokuphepha. Ama-partitions ahlukanisa amaqanda komunye nomunye angena kakhulu emikhunjini - ngawo umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhi ezincibilikisiwe kungena inzalo. Kwenye indawo emavikini ama-11 ukuya kwele-12 ama-peep amancanyana asevele azelwe. Ukufinyelela ebudaleni kuneminyaka eyisithupha kuphela. Isikhathi sokuzala sihlangana nesikhathi semvula. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba i-pipa, njengasikho esinye isele, iyawathanda amanzi.

Izitha zemvelo ziyaqaqeka

IPipa Surinamese iyindlela yokwelapha yezidlamlilo zomhlaba kanye nama-amphibians amakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nezinyoni - iningi la maxoxo azithokozisa ngokwawo ngabamele imindeni, futhi. Kwesinye isikhathi zidliwa yizingwamza, ama-ibhibhi, amakha. Imvamisa, lezi zinyoni ezinhle nezinhle ziyakwazi ukubamba lesi silwane fly.

Kepha ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke i-Surinamese pipa, ikakhulukazi i-pipa yamanzi (njengawo wonke umuntu ohlala kunoma yiliphi izwekazi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nokufihla okumangalisayo akubasizi lapha - ekuzingeleni, okuhuqayo kuthambekele kakhulu emizweni ethambile kanye nencazelo yokushisa okukhishwa yizinto eziphilayo. Imishayo emikhulu nayo ayisiyisi isidlo kwixoxo elinje.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma abantu abadala benethuba elithile lokusindisa izimpilo zabo ngokubaleka ngokushesha noma ukucasha kumzineleli wabo, khona-ke amathuna awavikeleki ngokuphelele. Eziningi zazo ziyafa, zaba ukudla kwezinambuzane zasemanzini, izinyoka, izinhlanzi kanye nezinyoka. Ngokuvamile, wonke umuntu ohlala endaweni egcina amanzi ezindaweni ezishisayo "uyokubheka njengelungelo" ukudlela on the tadpole.

Imfihlo okuwukuphela kwayo yokuthi usindile isamba kangakanani - iqiniso lokuthi uma Pipa wesifazane waseSurinamese ebekela amaqanda acishe abe ngu-2 000, asindise izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ekuqothulweni futhi azivumela ukugcina izinombolo zalo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

IPipa isatshalaliswa ikakhulu echibini lomfula laseNingizimu Melika. Lamaxoxo angabonakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aleli lizwekazi. Ezinye izazi zezilwane zikuqaphele ukuba khona kwale maxoxo. Umkhawulo wehla mpo ufinyelela kumamitha angama-400 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle (okungukuthi, iziqongo ze-surinamese zitholakala ngisho nakule ndawo ephakeme).

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-Pipa Surinamese ihlukaniswe ngokusemthethweni njenge-amphibian, lesi sithobu sibhekwa njengezinhlobo zasemanzini ezibophezelekile - ngamanye amagama, sihlala sihlala emanzini, okuyinto ebeka umngcele kakhulu ukwabiwa kwabantu bezinhlobo. IPipa Surinamskaya ithanda izihlambi ezinamanzi amile noma igeleze kancane - indawo ithatha amanzi amaningi asemfuleni, kanye namachibi namachibi amancane amahlathi. Amaxoxo acashe ngobuciko emaqabunga awile, amboze kakhulu inhlabathi yangaphansi yedamu. Ngenxa yokuthi ezweni zihamba kancane futhi (ngokungafani namanye amaxoxo amaningi) azikwazi ukweqa amabanga amade, abantu abangaphandle kwechibi baba izisulu ezilula.

Ngokuphathelene nesimo sezinhlobo zemvelo, namuhla isibalo se-Surinamese pipa namandla aso kubhekwa njengokuzinzile. Naphezu kwesibalo esikhulu sezitha zemvelo nethonya le-anthropogenic factor, izinhlobo ezivame ukutholakala ngaphakathi kobubanzi bazo. Akukho okusongelayo ngobuningi balezi zinhlobo, yize kwezinye izindawo kube nokwehla kwenani labantu ngenxa yemisebenzi yezolimo zabantu kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezindawo. IPipa Surinamese ayikho ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezisongela izinombolo, itholakala ezindaweni ezigcinwe lapho.

UPipa ISurinamese ihlukile kubo bonke abanye abamele ama-amphibian ngezindlela eziningi - kuphela iyodwa ayinolimi olude olwenzelwe ukubamba izinambuzane, azikho izingqimba namawundla emilebeni yalo. Kepha ugcotshwe ngokuphelele futhi ungcono kunabo bonke abantu abasemazweni anakekela inzalo, ephethe amaqanda emhlane.

Kokubili kuyinto ekhangayo yangaphakathi nethuba eliyingqayizivele lokubuka umhlaba lapho kuhlala khona abantu abangaphansi kwamanzi. Emakhaya abantu, imifula yangamanzi acwebile ivame kakhulu, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi ezigqamile zasemanzini.

Ngaphansi kokujwayelekile ungabona imithombo yamanzi anosawoti enezakhamizi ezimangalisayo zolwandle olufudumele.

Yebo, kuyajabulisa ukubuka izinhlanzi, kepha azenzi lutho olukhethekile. Futhi i-aquarium iba yindawo evamile, iyeka ukumangala. Konke kungashintshwa uma unomuntu ongajwayelekile ongakuthakazelisa ukukubuka.

Esikhundleni senhlanzi, ungafaka i-pipa toad ku-aquarium, engatholakali kakhulu ngabezazi zasemanzini baseRussia.

ISinaminam pipa iyi-toad ehlala emachibini amancane e-Ecuador, Bolivia, Suriname, Peru naseBrazil. Uhlala emanzini, emhlabathini uhamba kancane futhi awkward.

Impilo endalweni

Ama-Toad azinza emachibini amancane, emiseleni yokunisela. IPipa ayishiyi imvelo yasemanzini kukho konke impilo. Ukuze uthole ukudla, i-pipa enemilenze yayo yangaphambili igaya umhlabathi ongaphansi futhi ukubambelela kokudla kwanele kusuka ekuphakameni okuphakanyisiwe. Uyakwazi yini nokudla izinto ezingenakushukumiseka.

Impilo ntofontofo, umbhangqwana ubuhlalu ekudingisweni udinga i-aquarium enkulu. Kusuka kumalitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-300. Ngaphansi kwe-aquarium kumbozwe amatshe amancane, yize enza kahle ngaphandle kwawo. Izitshalo kanye nokuhlobisa okukhona nokwokufakelwa kungasetshenziswa njengokuhlobisa.

I-aquarium kufanele ibe nesihlungi esinamandla. Amapayipi adinga amanzi afudumele, izinga lokushisa lawo elingaphansi kwe- + 27º С. Lezi zilwane eziyinqaba zingondliwa ngokudla okubukhoma kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinhlanzi ezincane.

Ngabe i-toad pipa surinamese izalela kanjani?

Into emangazayo nge-pipa toad ukuthi ivela kanjani. Amaxoxo amancane avela ngokuqondile ngemuva komama bexoxo. Futhi lezi akuzona ama-tadpoles, kodwa amasele akhiwe ngokuphelele. Futhi isibalo sabo akusona esisodwa noma ezimbili, kodwa cishe ikhulu.

Ngokwemvelo, ukubonakala kwamaxoxo akunakubizwa ngomqondo ophelele wokuba ngumntwana. Amaqanda akhula njengawo wonke amanye ama-amphibians. Umehluko uqhamuka endaweni lapho bezothuthukisa khona.

Ukuze amaxoxo avele, bobabili abazali bahlanganyela kule nqubo. Lapho nje insikazi ibeka amaqanda, owesilisa uyayibamba ayibeke ngemuva kowesifazane emgodleni okhethekile, obonakala kwi-pipa ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Ngakho-ke owesilisa wenza ngawo wonke amaqanda abekwe, futhi kunezinhlamvu ezingama-50 kuye kwezingu-150. Ukuze alungise kahle amaqanda ngemuva kwensikazi, uyawacindezela ngesisu sakhe.

Imikhondo lapho amaqanda etholakala khona ngokushesha ayanda ngosayizi futhi ifane nezinyosi zezinyosi. Ukusuka esiqongweni samaqanda, ngenxa yokuwoma, kwakhiwa isembozo esivele sobala. Kukulezi ziphephezeli lapho amaxoxo wesikhathi esizayo akhula khona, adlula kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwama-amphibians.

Okokuqala, kuvela umbungu, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba yi-tadpole. Ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kwenzeka ekujuleni okufanayo. Ama-Tadpoles aba amasele amancane.

Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuvuthwa kwemibungu emanzini afudumele kuzovela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12. Uma amanzi okushisa embizeni esegumbini ancipha aze afike ezinsukwini eziyi-15.

Uma kufika isikhathi sokungena emhlabeni wabantu abadala, iziqajana ezincane ziphakamisa isembozo sedome, ngaleso sikhathi esivele sivuvukele, bese siphuma esimweni esipholile esingemuva kukamama wexoxo.

Amaxoxo anamandla ashiya emuva umama, amasele abuthakathaka ahamba kancane, imilenze yawo yangemuva iya phambili.

Izingane, zishiya isidleke sazo, zibhukuda ngokushesha zibheke phezulu ukuze ziqale ukuphefumula. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, baqala ukuzidla bodwa.

Ngemuva kokuba onke amasele eshiye imihlane yawo, insikazi iqala ukuyihlikihla emhlane ngamatshe, isuse izinsalela zamagobolondo amaqanda. Ngendlela, ngemuva kokuncibilika, i-pipa toad Surinamese isilungele ukuvuthwa okusha.

U-Pipa Corvalho, uyi-pipa emfushane yaseBrazil - isele elingaboni kahle, kepha imilenze yakhe ebukhali iyamsiza ukuba akwazi ukubona umhlaba.

Incazelo nezici zesakhiwo seSipinamese pipa

Isici esihlukile sabakhubazekile ukwakheka komzimba wakhe. Uma ubheka isithombe sikaPipa Surinamese, ubungafunga ukuthi isele liwela ngengozi ngaphansi kweqhwa. Umzimba omncane, ogobekile ufana neqabunga lesihlahla siphelelwe yisikhathi kunokuba umhlali ophilayo wamanzi afudumele omfula oshisayo.

Inhloko inesimo esingunxantathu, iphinde ibe bushelelezi, njengomzimba. Amehlo amancane, angenamashiya, atholakala phezulu kwesiqalo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amasele akhonkotha ulimi olungekho namazinyo. Esikhundleni salokho, emakhoneni omlomo, isilevu sinamachashaza esikhumba afana namatende.

Izinduna zangaphambili ziphela ngeminwe emide ngaphandle kwezinswelaboya, ngaphandle kolwelwesi, njengoba kunjalo ngamasele ajwayelekile. Kepha izitho zomzimba wasemuva zifakwe emphewini wesikhumba onamandla phakathi kweminwe. Lokhu kuvumela isilwane esingajwayelekile ukuzizwa sithembele ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Ukuba nokungaboni kahle, iminwe ebucayi isiza i-peepe ikwazi ukuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi

Umzimba womuntu ojwayelekile awudluli ku-12 cm, kepha kukhona nama-giants, ubude bawo angafinyelela kuma-cm angama-20. Isikhumba se-Surinamese pipa siqinile, sibunjiwe, kwesinye isikhathi sinamabala amnyama emhlane waso.

Umbala awufani ngemibala egqamile, imvamisa iyisikhumba esinsundu grey enesisu esilula, imvamisa inomucu omude omude okhuphuka umphimbo futhi uzungeze intamo. Ngaphezu kokuntuleka kwemininingwane yangaphandle, i-pipa "enikezwe" imvelo iphunga elinamandla elifana nephunga le-hydrogen sulfide.

I-Surinamese pipa - incazelo, isakhiwo nesithombe.

Ukuvela kweSipinamese pipa kuyinto engafani neze. Umzimba ocishe ube ngama-quadrangular ubude obungu-12-20 cm futhi uthambile kakhulu kangangokuba uvame ukufana nohlaka lwesikhumba noma iqabunga lesihlahla esivuthiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bancanyana kunabesifazane futhi bahluke emzimbeni othobekile ngokwengeziwe. Ikhanda le-Surinamese pipa linxantathu ngesimo, liphinde lathambile. Amehlo amaConvex amancanyana kakhulu, angenamashiya, akhiwe eduze komlomo.

ISipinamese pipa ihlukile ezihlotsheni zayo eziseduzane, amaxoxo avuvayo, ngokungabikho kwayo kwamazinyo ngokuphelele. Ulimi lwesiPipa nalo alunakwa. Phambi kwamehlo nasemakhoneni omlomo, lesi sinambuzane sinemifantu yesikhumba esifana ne-tentpaper kancane. Isici esihlukile sabesilisa besilisa seSurinamese pipa yibhokisi lesici lesimo sobukhosi besimo sonxantathu pharynx.

Isidumbu se-Surinamese pipa simbozwe ngesikhumba esomile, esigoqekile sombala ophuzi, ompunga noma onsundu. Isisu se-amphibian sinombala omncane, kwesinye isikhathi sihlotshiswe ngamabala amhlophe noma umucu omnyama ogijima esiswini. Isikhumba emhlane wabantu abadala sigoqiwe futhi siguqekile, futhi kwabesifazane abadala bangaba nendawo yeselula.

Izimbila zangaphambili zeSipinamese pipa zihlukaniswa ngeminwe emide, engenamacaba nolwelwesi. Izicelo ezifana nama-asterisks zikhula ekugcineni komunwe ngamunye, yingakho i-pipa ijwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi inkanyezi. Isakhiwo esinjalo sangaphambi kwesandulelo sivumela isilwane ukuba sikhe ngobuhlakani phansi udaka futhi sithole okuthile okuthandekayo lapho. Imilenze yangemuva yipippe, njengamaxoxo amaningi noma ubuhlalu, iqine kakhulu, iminyene kakhulu kunangaphambili futhi inezitho zokubhukuda.

Iziqongo zaseSurinamese zikhipha nephunga elingathandekiyo lokukhumbuza uthuthu we-hydrogen sulfide.

Ihlala kuphi iSipinamese pipa?

ISinaminam pipa iyisimangaliso sendalo ekhetha amanzi anodaka futhi ihlala kuphela emifuleni egeleza kancane, kanye namachibi, imisele yokunisela nezindawo zokugcina zokwenziwa eNingizimu Melika: eColombia, eVenezuela, eBolivia, eBrazil, eGuyana, naseFrance Guiana, eRiphabhuliki yaseSuriname , E-Ecuador, ePeru. Futhi, abantu ngabanye bayatholakala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasempumalanga yesiqhingi saseTrinidad.

Uhlelo lokuphefumula lweSipinamese pipa luthuthukiswe kahle, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, izilwane zihamba ngendlela yokuphila yasemanzini ngokuphelele: ngesomiso zihlala emiphongolweni eyomile, futhi ngokuqala kwesikhathi semvula zihamba ngobumnandi ezindaweni ezinamanzi ezigcwele i-Amazon basin.

I-Surinamese pipa: ukuzala kabusha.

Lawa ma-amphibians afinyelela ubudala bokuzala ngeminyaka engu-6. Isikhathi sokuzalela seSipinamese pipa sivame ukuhambisana nenkathi yemvula. Uma ufuna owesimame, owesilisa ukhipha imisindo yokuchofoza ngokufana, nokuthinta kwewashi ngokuthinta okusansimbi. Imvamisa, abaqhudelanayo balwa bodwa, bephoqa ngamawele abo amade angaphambili.

Ukuphindwaphindwa kweSipinamese pipa kuyinto ethakazelisa kakhulu, engajwayelekile futhi ehlukile kulawa ma-amphibians. Imidlalo yokuhlangana yenzeka ngobukhulu bamanzi anodaka, kanti owesilisa, njengawo wonke ama-amphibians angenantambo, enza ukubanjwa okujwayelekile kowesifazane. Owesilisa, ongakulungele ukukhula, uyakhipha masinyane. Owesifazane ovuthiwe ngokobulili kusuka ekuqunjweni okunjalo ngokushesha uba manzi, futhi ukuthuthumela okuncane kufaka phakathi umzimba wakhe. Ngemuva kwesiginali enjalo, owesilisa ubamboza insikazi ngokuphelele kusuka phezulu ngamandulelo, futhi kulesi simo izithandani zihlala ubusuku nemini.

Ngaphambi kwesenzo sokukopishwa, abalingani baphendukela phezulu babheke phansi, njengoba besondele kakhulu ebusweni bamanzi, kanti owesilisa weSipinamese pipa ubesezansi, ngqo ngaphansi kwensikazi. Ukunwebeka kwenziwa ngokwengxenye, kanti owesilisa kulokhu kuqhafaza ku-ovipositor yowesifazane osemuva: okokuqala, kusuka e-cloaca, i-pipa ivela emaqanda ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12 ophuzi onesilinganiso esingu-6,7 mm. Ngaphansi kwethonya kwamandla adonsela phansi, amaqanda awela esiswini seduna, eliwazalisa. Ngemuva kwalokho lo mbhangqwana udlulela esimweni sawo esijwayelekile, insikazi ibhukuda, amaqanda avele aqonde emhlane wayo, bese kuthi owesilisa, ngomzimba wakhe nangemilenze yangemuva, afake amaqanda emhlane sowesifazane.

Uma owesifazane waseSurinamese pipa eba ngumama okokuqala, lapho-ke kusuka ekucasukeni kwesikhumba ezungeze iqanda ngalinye iseli le-hexagonal elinokujula kuka-1-1,5 cm nge-valve evela kulwelwesi leqanda lwakhiwe - uhlobo lwe-incubator lwenzalo esizayo. I-septa ehlukanisa amaseli mncane kakhulu futhi inothile ngemithambo yegazi. Yini ethokozisayo: emva kokukhulelwa kokuqala, emuva kwensikazi yeSurinamese pipa kuhlala kungamaselula impilo.

Ukusaphaza i-pipa kwenzeka amahora angama-10-12, kube nesikhathi sokuphumula imizuzu eyi-10-15, futhi lapha owesilisa kufanele asebenze kunembeza wakhe. Ngemilenze yangemuva kwayo, owesilisa uqoqa amaqanda ezinhlangothini zensikazi futhi abeke emigqeni, ecacile, mpo futhi ovundlile ngaphandle kokudlula okukodwa. Ukuthuthukiswa nobungqabavu bezinsizakusebenza zaseSurinamese ezisencane kuya ngokuthi kuphumelele kangakanani ukubeka amaqanda ngemuva kowesifazane.

Iduna alinaso isikhathi sokucosha inani elithile le-caviar kusuka eSipinamese pipa, futhi liwela phansi noma linamathele ezitshalweni zasemanzini. Ngeshwa, ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhethekile ezenziwe kuphela emuva kukamama, i-caviar ayikwazi ukukhula ngakho-ke iyabhubha.

Lapho ingxenye yokugcina ye-caviar ikhungathwa futhi ibekwa, i-clutch ingasukela emaqanda angama-40 kuye kwangama-144. Lapho eseqede ukuthunywa kwakhe, owesilisa waseSurinamese pipa ubhukuda, bese insikazi ilindele isikhathi sokufukamelwa kwamasonto ayi-11 ukuya ku-12, lapho inzalo ikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele emuva komama. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, amafomu esigaxa esimpunga asemuva kowesifazane, odonsela phakathi nosuku ukuze wonke amaqanda acwiliswe ngokuphelele kule nto, eshiya izihloko zingaphezulu.

Ngenkathi yokufuduka, kuqhuma insipha encane yeSurinamese ngaphakathi kweqanda ngalinye. Njengoba amawundlu ekhula, imisele yamaseli iyanda. Amaqanda wePipa acebile nge-yolk futhi afinyelela ububanzi obungu-6,7 mm. Ekuqaleni kokukhula kwayo, iqanda ngalinye linesisindo esilingana no-2.95 g, kuthi lapho sekukhula, isisindo sande sibe ngu-3.37 g Emva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-80, i-pipa eyakhiwe ngokuphelele iqala ukuphuma kahle ngaphansi kwesivalo seseli yayo, bese ivela ngokucophelela, isilungele yempilo. Ukhululiwe enzalweni, umama uhlanze izinsalela zamagobolondo amaqanda ematsheni naseziqu zezitshalo, ancibilike futhi athole isikhumba esisha kuze kube yisikhathi sokuzala esilandelayo.

I-Spur frog (i-Xenopus levis).

Incazelo. Ikhanda lincane, lithambile, i-muzzle imfushane, iyindilinga, amehlo aphakanyisiwe. Kunentambo emfishane ethambile eduze neso, imigoqo enamabala amnyama nemivimbo iya ezinhlangothini zomzimba, i-anus kwezinsikazi ifihlwe ngamagobongo. Izandla zomzimba wesibeletho ziyimisipha, zikhule ngokuqinile, ulwelwesi phakathi kweminwe, iminwe iphele ngozwani abukhali obumnyama, lapho amasele ephula inyamazane. Amabunzi amafushane, ngeminwe emide ngaphandle kolwelwesi, ama-paws aphendukela ngaphakathi. Ngemuva nezinhlangothi zinsundu zinamabala amnyama namabala. Kutholakala nefomu le-albino - i-pinkish-orange enamehlo abomvu. Ubude bomzimba bamaxoxo weSpur bufika kumasentimitha ayi-8. Eduze kwesiqu sexoxo seSpur, ezinhlangothini, kukhona okubonakalayo okubonakalayo, okumbozwe ngezinwele ezincane eziminyene.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamaxoxo weSpur

Ngaphambi kokuzalela, iduna linemivimbo emnyama ezinhlangothini zeminwe nasezindongeni zezinyawo zazo. Abesilisa bakhipha “umkhaza” othule, osikhumbuza umsindo wewashi. Ucingo lokuduna lowesilisa luhlala lukhona. Owesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzalela ugoqa insikazi ngemuva. Ngemuva kwehora, kubekwa iqanda. Onke amaqanda abekwa ngawodwa esiqwini sesitshalo. Ngokushesha, ungqimba lwangaphandle lwegobolondo leqanda liqina njengezikhali. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili (emazingeni okushisa angama-22-25 ° С), izibungu.

Okokuqala, amachashaza abambelela ezitshalweni, ezindongeni ze-aquarium. Emahoreni amabili ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, izibungu ziqala ukuphefumula kancane, ngezikhathi ezithile zibhukuda zize zifinyelele emanzini bese zimgwinya umoya. Kusukela ngosuku lwesine emakhoneni omlomo avele amadevu amade "amadevu" - imicu evundile. Imvamisa iqondiswa phambili futhi kuphela lapho idlulela phambili ekuphambukeni emuva. Emanzini anodaka oluhlaza, "amadevu" angafani ayadingeka, ngoba kunzima ukubona ingozi ngamehlo.

Esikhundleni sama-gills angaphakathi, i-tadpole inezixhobo zokuhlunga lapho kudlula khona amanzi angena emlonyeni. Ama-unicellular algae kanye nama-ciliates amancane ayahlungwa emanzini.

Ekhaya, tadpoles kuphekelwa isipinashi abilisiwe kanye isaladi. Isisindo lichotshozwa (ngokwesibonelo, lihlikihlwa ngokusebenzisa i-colander) ekuguquguqukeni kwe-slurry futhi kancane kancane lihlakazeke emanzini.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, ama-tadpoles asevele enemilenze emine, umzimba uba opaque. Isele elinomsila selivele ligcinwe ngokuthe tyaba ngamaqabunga ezitshalo nasemhlabathini. Udinga ukondla okuphilayo i-Daphnia. Ukusuka enyangeni yesine, amasele anganikwa inyama ehleliwe (kumele inqunywe kanye nemicu), ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - inqunywe izingcezu ezincane. Amaxoxo afinyelela ekuthweni ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila.

I-Hymenochirus (iHymenochirus boettgery).

Incazelo. Mncane kakhulu - ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-3.5-4. Ngaphandle bafana neShportsovye encane, kepha imizimba yabo yinde, izitho zithambile, i-muzzle ikhonjisiwe, ekugcineni kwamakhala ayo. Umbala uyafana nalowo weShportsovyh - grey emnyama enezindawo eziningi ezinsundu, amabala alula, ezindaweni ezincane. Embungeni ngaphambili kukhona ulwelwesi oluncane phakathi kweminwe. Abesifazane bagcwele kunabesilisa, ngaphambi kokuzala, izinhlangothi zazo ziyindilinga.

Ukuziphatha

ISipinamese pipa ichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwayo emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi ihamba ngomhlaba. Emhlabeni, ayihlali isikhathi eside, igxuma ngokushesha futhi izame ukushesha ifinyelele kumswakama osindisayo.

Kuma-amphibian kuphela wamanzi azizwa ezolile, eqonda ngobuhlakani obukhulu bezimanzi zasemanzini. Umbala onsundu ongafaniyo uwenza ucishe ungabonakali ezansi kwedamu. Amehlo akhe asesiqongweni sekhanda lakhe, ngakho-ke uyakwazi ukubheka phezulu kuphela futhi aqaphele konke okwenzeka ebusweni bamanzi.

Ubamba ukuguquguquka okuncane kakhulu emvelweni ngosizo lwezitho ezikhethekile zomugqa we-lateral. Ukuphuma okuhlukane okuneziphuzu zeminwe yangaphambili kusebenza njengezitho ezibucayi zokuthinta nokusiza ukuzulazula ngokukhululeka ehlathini elingaphansi kwamanzi.

IPipa surinamese iyisidleke futhi idla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, kepha ethubeni lokuqala ngeke iziphikise injabulo yokudliwa ngama-invertebrates amancane nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ukuntuleka kwamazinyo, isele eliminyayo liginya inyamazane yaso sonke. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, kungcwatshwa kusilika bese kulindwe ngesineke isikhathi semvula.

Indlela yokuphila yaseSurinamese nokudla okunempilo

Ukuphila impilo yakhe yonke emanzini phakathi kwe-algae, ukungcola nokugoba okubunjiwe, i-pipa ihola indlela yokuphila yenhlanzi futhi izizwa ikhululekile. Amehlo akhe, isibhakabhaka nolimi kukhulu ngokuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, lapho iphume ngengozi, i-pipa yaseSurinamese iphenduka isilima. Ukhathazekile, uzama kancane ukukhamba kwenye indawo, futhi lapho efika endaweni yokubhukuda eseduze, akasasishiyi kuze kume ngokuphelele.

Uma ixoxo likhasa liye emfuleni, bese likhetha lezo zindawo lapho kungekho samanje. Kudlai-surinamesepipa ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni. Bafuna ukudla kwabo ezansi kwendawo yokugcina izinto ababehlala kuyo.

Amapayipi athukulula i-sludge esendleleni ngemikhono emide, enemigca emine futhi afune ukudla esebenzisa izinqubo ze-wart ezimise okwezinkanyezi. Konke okuqhamukayo inhlanzi encane, izibungu, izimpophoma zegazi, isele leSurinamese lihudula emlonyeni walo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

I-Surinamesepees , isilungele ukuzalanisa lapho umzimba wakhe ukhula ufinyelela kubukhulu bebhokisi lomdlalo, okungukuthi amasentimitha amahlanu. Ama-Toads-pips afinyelela osayizi ngonyaka wesithupha wokuphila kwabo. Abafana bakaPipa bahluke kancane kumantombazane abo ngombala omnyama nosayizi omncane.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kokubhanqa, njengendoda ebukekayo, insikazi icula isithandwa sayo, ichofoze ikhwela. Uma le ntokazi ingathandisisi ukuhlangana, indoda ebabayo ngeke iphikelele. Nokho, uma insikazi isilungile, ibamba isikhashana bese iqala ukuthuthumela okuncane. Kwowesilisa, lokho kuziphatha kuyisiqondisi esenzweni.

Beshada ngokudansa, noma kunalokho konke okwenzekayo, okuhlala usuku olufana kakhulu nomdanso. Owesifazane uqala ukubeka amaqanda, owesilisa, esebenzisa onke amandla akhe nobucwebecwebe, ubabambe abese ewabeka ngokucophelela “endlini encane” ngayinye engemuva kukamama esizayo.

Owesifazane angazala amaqanda angamashumi ayisithupha kuya kwelinye ikhulu namashumi ayisithupha. Kepha akakwenzi ngaso leso sikhathi. Kancane kancane, isele libekela amaqanda ayishumi anamathela, iduna liwabeke ngobuhlakani ngemuva kowesifazane, linamathele kulo ngesisu salo.

Indoda igcwalisa amaqanda ngokushesha, futhi, lapho ibeke icwecwe ngosizo lwemilenze yakheangemuva, yilowo nalowo endlini yakhe, ifaka isisu sayo ngemuva kowesifazane, kube sengathi uyawacindezela. Bese kuthi emva kwemizuzu eyishumi yokuphumula, inqubo iphindaphinde.

Amanye amaqanda angawa emaphethweni kababa futhi anamathele ezimila, kodwa ngeke anikeze impilo entsha. Lapho le ntokazi iqeda ukunwebeka, owesilisa ubeka isigaxa esikhethekile ukuba sivalwe indlu ngayinye kuze kubonakale inzalo. Ngemuva, elambile futhi ekhathele, ushiya umlingani wakhe kuze kube phakade, kulokhu umsebenzi wakhe usuqediwe. Owesifazane naye ubhukuda ayofuna ukudla.

Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, lapho ungeke ukwazi ukuphuma ngaphansi “kwezindlu ze-tadpole”, isigaxa esithile sivele uvela phansi impela, osukuma, uzinamathisela yonke imfucumfucu ebingasemuva kwe-toad.

Futhi, ngosizo lwalesi siningi, amaqanda ayachithwa, lawo mancane futhi angenawo amagciwane nawo ayasuswa. Emva kwalokho, uPipa uhlikihla umqolo wakhe kunoma iyiphi indawo ukuze asuse konke ukungcola kuye.

Izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ezilandelayo, umama okhulelwe uzothwala amaqanda ngokwethembeka. Lapho ama-tadpoles esakhiwa ngokuphelele futhi elungele impilo yokuzimela, ingaphezulu leqanda ngalinye liyavuvukala nefomu lomgodi omncane kulo.

Ekuqaleni, isebenza ukuphefumula ingane engakazalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyo, amatheku ayaphuma. Abanye baya nomsila phambili, abanye banekhanda.

Ukusuka ohlangothini, uma ubheka ixoxo ubona ukuthi ingemuva layo linamakhanda nemisila yezingane. Ama-watpoles ngokushesha ashiya ikhaya lawo lesikhashana nalabo abanamandla asheshe agijimele ebusweni bamanzi ukuphefumula umoya.

Ababuthakathaka, njengoba sebewile kaningana phansi, komunye umzamo wokubhukuda, noma kunjalo bayawufinyelela umgomo wabo. Lapho-ke bonke, bebuthelwe inqwaba eyodwa, bathunyelwa empilweni entsha, abangakayazi. Manje kufanele baphunyuke ngokuzimela ezitheni, bazifunele ukudla, bangena ngaphansi kogumbi olugcwele udaka.

Ngeviki lesikhombisa lempilo yabo, amachaphaza asekulungele ukuguqulwa futhi aqale ukuguquka abe yixoxo. Zikhula ngamasentimitha amathathu kuya amane, kuqala kwakheka imilenze yangemuva, bese imilenze yangaphambili nomsila ngokushesha zinyamalale.

Umama ofezekile, esezesule ngokuphelele ematsheni, futhi elahla isikhumba sakhe esidala, usevele esesithombe esisha futhi esilungele izikhathi zothando. I-Surinamese peeps ihlala endaweni evumayo iminyaka engaba ishumi nanhlanu.

Ukuzala i-Surinamese pipa ekhaya

Abathandi be-exoticism nalabo abafuna ukuba ne-toad enjalo, kudingeka bazi ukuthi idinga indawo. Ngakho-ke, i-aquarium kufanele ibe okungenani amalitha ayikhulu. Uma ufaka isilwane sakho esingajwayelekile endlini engamalitha angamakhulu amathathu, i-toad izojabula kuphela.

Akunjalo, musa ukutshala amasele e-aquarium, umhlaseli we-pipa nakanjani uzowadla. Ingaphezulu le-aquarium limbozwe ngenethi noma ngesembozo esinezimbobo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-pipi, ngokuzumayo ebusuku, lingaphuma kuyo futhi ife.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele libe segumbini lamashumi amabili nambili namashumi amabili nanhlanu. Ungaphuza amanzi ompompi anele kahle. Futhi, akufanele ibe nosawoti, futhi igcwele kahle umoya-mpilo. Ngaphansi kwe-aquarium kungambozwa amatshe amahle, ubeke noma imuphi uhlaza lapho ngobuhle, isele ngeke likudle noma kunjalo.

Hhayi-ke, udinga ukumondla nge-birdworm enkulu, i-fry, i-Earthworm, i-daphnia, i-hamarus. Awungeke unikeze izingcezu ezinkulu zenyama eluhlaza. UPipa uyisidlamlilo esinamandla kakhulu; uzodla okuningi anikezwa kona.

Ngakho-ke, lawula inani lokuphakelayo ukugwema ukukhuluphala. Uma ukukhuluphala kuqala ngisho esemncane, ama-vertebrae amaxoxo ayonakalisiwe futhi i-hump embi ikhule emhlane.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iziqongo zeSurinamese zinamahloni, akunakuphikwa ukuthi kufanele ungqongqoze engilazini ye-aquarium nganoma yini. Ngokwesaba, izogijimela futhi ingashayeka ngamandla ezindongeni zayo.

Amaphawu adlani

Ngohlobo lokudla kwabo, basondela kumaxoxo weSpur: izingane zithatha kuphela ukudla okuphilayo (i-enchitrea, ishubhu, izibungu zegazi), abantu abadala (kusukela ngenyanga yesithathu yokuphila) badla izingcezu zenyama nezinhlanzi ngokuzithandela.

IGimenokhirusy, njengoba wazi, zonke izimpilo zabo zikhetha ukudla okubukhoma. Amapayipi aqoqa ukudla ngokuzithandela (i-daphnia, i-gammarus) ebusweni bamanzi, futhi adla ama-flakes ahlangene - ngokwesibonelo, i-tetra-min.

Badla kakhulu futhi ngesasasa, bekhuluphala phambi kwamehlo abo, Ukudla okujulile kungenye yezindlela ezikhuthaza ukwenziwa kabusha.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kukaPipa Carvalho

Ukuzala kabusha nokukhula kwe-P.carvalhoi kuvame ukungena emanzini ngobulukhuni be-5 ° emazingeni okushisa angama-20-30 ° С. Amanzi anzima awafiseleki. I-P.carvalhoi ithakazela kakhulu ama-amateurs, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendlela emangalisayo yokuzala. Abesilisa bayancipha kunabesifazane, uma bebukwa besuka ohlangothini, bancipha kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi umbala wabo umnyama mnyama. Ukuthwebula owesilisa kungowesifazane kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo nakuwo wonke ama-amphibians angenantambo.

Okokuqala kuza nochungechunge lokuthwebula okufushane kwecala. Uma insikazi ingalungele, owesilisa uyamkhulula masinyane. Owesifazane oqediwe lapho ebanjwa usekindiki, kudlula umoya omncane emzimbeni wakhe, esethole lesi sibonakaliso, owesilisa uvala izimbotshana. Kulesi sikhundla, amasele angabhukuda phakathi nosuku. Imvamisa ukubamba kwenzeka ebusuku, kanti isenzo sokuzalela - ekuqaleni kokusa.

Ibhangqa elikopishayo libhukuda ngaphandle bese lingaphenduka libheke phezulu 5 cm cm ebusweni. Owesilisa ungaphansi, isisu sakhe sikhala ngemuva kwensikazi. Okwamanje, amaqanda ayi-6 kuya ku-12 avela ku-dressaca yowesifazane, ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla adonsela phansi bese ehlehla futhi phambili phambili (amakhanda amaxoxo ngalesi sikhathi esingemuva komzimba) bese ewela phakathi kwegebe phakathi komhlane wesifazane nesisu sowesilisa.

Ngasikhathi sinye, amaqanda ayahlanganiswa. Ngemuva kwalokho amasele e-pipa aphendukela esimweni sawo esijwayelekile nesisu sesilisa, kunjengokungathi, ama-imprints amaqanda anamathela ngemuva kowesifazane. Izenzo zokubeka iqanda zilandelana zilandelana nge-5-16min. Sekukonke, amasele aphenduka izikhathi ezingama-40-50. Ngalesi sikhathi, balala (ngokwezimo zethu) kusuka emaqanda angama-50 kuye kwangama-170.

Ngokwemvelo, imfuhlumfucu eyalandela inika owesilisa inkathazo enkulu kunaleyokuqala: akha amaqanda ngesisu sakhe ukuze alale ngomhlane womfazi ngokulandelana, yize imicu emisha emibhangqwaneni eyandayo yamaqanda icindezelwa emuva. Ngemilenze yayo yangemuva, ibayisa phambili, iduna liqoqa amaqanda ezinhlangothini zomzimba wowesifazane nasekhanda lakhe liwabumba ungqimba olulodwa endaweni echazwe ngokuqinile ngemuva komhlane wakhe.

Isithombe se-Pipa frog

Amaqanda ngamanye awela phansi, anamathele ezitshalweni, kepha awasakhuli. Uma amaqanda esuswa ngemuva kowesifazane futhi afakwa emkhunjini ohlukile, khona-ke noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele () ukufakwa kwawo kungenzeki. Ngokusobala, ukufakwa kwamaqanda owesilisa ngemuva kwesifazane kungenye yamaphuzu abalulekile wokuzalela ngempumelelo.Ekupheleni kokubekwa kwamaqanda, owesilisa ushiya owesimame. Manje usungabona ngokucacile konke ukwenza kahle emuva kwakhe. Amaqanda makhulu (kufinyelela ku-1,4 mm ubukhulu), uphondo lwendlovu (izinga lokuqina kokuhlukahluka), lilele kungqimba ebunjiwe.

Bacindezelwa ngemuva kowesifazane cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine. Ngale fomu, insikazi ibhukuda bese iqala ukondla. Njengoba zinamathele, amaqanda, izingcezu zezitshalo, njll zinamathela emaqanda. Emva kwamahora amathathu selubekile, isigaxa esimpunga sombala ofanayo siqala ukukhuphuka ngemuva ngemuva kwe-frog, simbozwe imigqa yamashubhu angalingani. Emini, lesi siga siyadumba ukuze amaqanda acwiliswe ngokuphelele kuwo, izihloko zazo ezikhanyayo kuphela zibonakala - okuthile okufana nesendlalelo se-cobblestone esidala, esimbozwe udoti.

Futhi okumangazayo ukuthi, yonke imfucumfucu enamathela emaqanda, imvuthuluka, kanye namaqanda angenalusizo nawangaphansi, iyakhishwa. Imibungu ivuthwe ekushiseni kwegumbi izinsuku eziyi-15, ku-26- 28 ° C ku-10-16.

Ukuvuthwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngokungalingani. Ezinsukwini ezi-3-4 ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwemithungo, kukhiwa umgodi omncane phezu kweqanda ngalinye lapho kungena khona amanzi embungwini wokuphefumula kakhulu. Ngemuva kwensikazi kufana ne-strainer. Usuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba i-tadpole iphume, igobolondo leqanda liyajuluka kanye neshubhu lesibeletho elinokuvulwa kwamafomu aphezulu ngaphezulu kwalo.

AmaThupoles Pipa

Ama-tadpoles aqinile aqhuma emaqandeni, njengamarokhethi, futhi ngokushesha asuka aya phezulu ayobamba iphupho lomoya. Ababuthakathaka baphuma kolwelwesi lweqanda kancane, ikhanda noma umsila phambili, ngakho-ke emuva kwabesifazane kunamachaphaza namakhanda. Lezi tadpoles ziwela phansi futhi zifinyelele phezulu, ngemizamo emibili kuya kwemithathu. Sebebambe umoya omningi, baqala ukubhukuda ngokuvundla. Imizimba yabo ecishe ibe yindawo enobubanzi obungu-2,5-3 mm, umsila ocacile - 7-9 mm. Ama-sidpoles ahlukaniswe emhlanjini, abaleka ngokushesha ezilwaneni, angazingcwaba ngosilika.

Baqala ukudla ngosuku lwesibili. Ama-watpoles abahlunga. Ukudla okulungele ama-tadpoles ama-tadpole frog, i-pipa awalungelanga izizukulwane ezizayo, ubunzima obukhona ukuthi badinga inqwaba yamagciwane nama-ciliates ngenkathi kugcinwa amanzi amasha. I-Aeration, ikakhulukazi iqinile, iyingozi kuma-tadpoles.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba ubashiye echibini elinamaxoxo abantu abadala - bafa ngokufihlakala kokugcina. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye enzima kakhulu ekuzaliseni i-biotechnology ngamapayipi ukudala izimo ezifanele futhi zondle ama-tadpoles. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-tadpoles ne-metamorphosis kuthatha amasonto angama-6-8.

Ngaphambi kokuba iphenduke isele, ama-tadpoles afinyelela ku-35-40 mm. Okokuqala, kuvela izitho zomzimba wesinqe, bese kuba amabandule, umsila uyancipha, kanti i-tadpole iphila iprotheni eqoqwe kuyo futhi ayondli ngalesi sikhathi. Kulesi sigaba, kuhamba kancane, futhi, ngokungathi kunjalo, kushukunyiswa ikholomu yamanzi. Okwamanje kuyadingeka ukulubamba futhi ulufake echibini lamasele, kamuva kuba nzima kakhulu ukwenza. Ukunyamalala komsila kuhambisana nokwakheka komlomo wesele, futhi ushintshela ekudleni okondlayo okusebenzayo.

Ngalesi sikhathi, imishini yokuhlunga incishisiwe, ukuphefumula kwe-gill kuthathelwa indawo yi-pulmonary and cutaneous. Isiphetho esiqhubekayo samasele sincike ekuchichimeni kokudla okuphilayo (ishubhu, i-enchitrea, i-bloodworms) nokuhlelwa kwawo ngesikhathi ngosayizi. Ngemuva kokuphuma kwemisipha, isele lesifazane lihlikihla ematsheni, lihlanze izinsalela zamagobolondo amaqanda ngemuva, bese lincibilika. Kusukela kulowomzuzu kuqhubeke, usekulungele ukushada futhi.

M. Makhlin, I. Mizgirev

Ukulima izinhlanzi nokudoba 1984 №2

I-Surinamese pipa toad iyisakhamuzi esithandekayo se-aquarium! I-aquarium endlini iyinto ekhangayo engaphakathi kanye nethuba eliyingqayizivele lokubuka umhlaba lapho kuhlala khona abantu abangaphansi kwamanzi. Emakhaya abantu, imifula yangamanzi acwebile ivame kakhulu, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi ezigqamile zasemanzini.

Ngaphansi kokujwayelekile ungabona imithombo yamanzi anosawoti enezakhamizi ezimangalisayo zolwandle olufudumele.

Esikhundleni senhlanzi, ungafaka i-pipa toad ku-aquarium, engatholakali kakhulu ngabezazi zasemanzini baseRussia.

ISinaminam pipa iyi-toad ehlala emachibini amancane e-Ecuador, Bolivia, Suriname, Peru naseBrazil. Uhlala emanzini, emhlabathini uhamba kancane futhi awkward.

UPipa

Incazelo. Isidumbu salawa maxoxo sincibilikisiwe (ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa) kunaseShportsovye; uma sibukwa ngenhla, inhloko inesakhiwo esingunxantathu ofana nepayipi. Emaphethelweni eminwe yangaphambi kokuphamba, ukwakheka kwezimpawu zesimo sethiphu nakho kuyimpawu. Umhlane unombala onsundu, isisu sisezindaweni ezimnyama. Izikhwanyana ezincane zilula, isisu simhlophe, inhloko ngezansi imnyama.

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