Izilwane ezincelisayo ezibhalwe ku-Red Book of Ukraine, - uhlu lwezinhlobo ezingama-68 zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile futhi ezisengozini ezifakiwe kuhlobo lwakamuva lwe-Red Book of Ukraine (2009).

Uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lwangaphambilini (1994), uhlelo olusha luka-2009 luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintsha ezingama-29. Izinhlobo ezimbili azikhishwe kwi-Red Book (i-badger ne-Sherman water vole), njengoba abantu bazo bebuyiselwa ezingeni eliphephile. Ithebula libonisa nesimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane ngokwe-Red Book of Ukraine.

Ngombala ohlukile kuyaqokonyiswa: Izinhlobo ezintsha ezifakiwe kuhlelo lwango-2009.

Ibhele elinsundu

Umphumela wezibalo zakamuva ungaphansi kwama-500 kusuka kumabhere kuya kulo lonke elase-Ukraine. Iningi le-clubfoot lihlala eTranscarpathia. Kwabhalwa cishe abantu abayikhulu ezifundeni zaseLviv naseChernivtsi. Amabhere asele ahlala eSumy naseKiev.

Faka i-Clubfoot izilwane zeNcwadi Ebomvu yase-Ukrainenjengasohlwini lomhlaba lwezinhlobo ezisengozini. Kukhona abantu abangama-200,000 abasele emhlabeni. Ezweni lomhlaba wonke - isifishane. Ngakho-ke, ibhere eli-brown libhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia kanye nokushicilelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Esithombeni kukhona ibhere onsundu

Izinhlamvu zeNcwadi Ebomvu yase-Ukraine

Inyathi

p, blockquote 5,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Lynx

p, blockquote 7,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 8,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 9,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,0 ->

Korsak

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p, blockquote 12,0,0,0,0 ->

Ikati lehlathi

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p, blockquote 14,0,0,0,0 ->

ISteppe ihhashi

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p, blockquote 16,0,0,0,0 ->

Hare

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p, blockquote 18,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 19,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 20,0,0,0,0 ->

U-Ermine

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p, blockquote 22,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 23,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 24,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 25,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 26,0,0,0,0 ->

Ijerboa enkulu

p, blockquote 27,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 28,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 29,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 30,0,0,0,0 ->

Ukugqoka

p, blockquote 31,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->

Ingadi yegumbi

p, blockquote 33,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 34,0,0,0,0 ->

I-European mink

p, blockquote 35,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 36,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 37,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 38,0,0,0,0 ->

Muskrat

p, blockquote 39,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 40,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Alpine shrew

p, blockquote 41,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->

Isigaxa esimhlophe esimhlophe

p, blockquote 43,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->

UGopher

p, blockquote 45,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->

Izinyoni zeNcwadi Ebomvu yase-Ukraine

p, blockquote 47,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->

Ingulube emnyama

p, blockquote 49,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->

Ukhozi lwegolide

p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 52,0,0,0,0 ->

Isikhumba esinezimpawu ezimbili

p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoka nezinambuzane

I -fishfish ejwayelekile

p, blockquote 55,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 56,0,0,0,0 ->

ISteppe viper

p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 58,0,0,0,0 ->

Inyoka iphethini

p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->

Isilozi esiluhlaza

p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 62,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 64,0,0,0,0 ->

Isigaxa esenziwe ngombala ophuzi

p, blockquote 65,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 66,0,0,0,0 ->

Izakhamizi zamanzi zeNcwadi Ebomvu yase-Ukraine

Bottlenose dolphin

p, blockquote 67,0,1,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 68,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Dolphin squirrel

p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 70,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 71,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 72,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 73,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 74,0,0,0,0 ->

Trout

p, blockquote 75,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 76,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 77,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 78,0,0,0,0 ->

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p, blockquote 80,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 81,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 82,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 83,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 84,0,0,0,0 ->

AmaJele

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p, blockquote 86,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 87,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 88,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 89,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 90,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 91,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 92,0,0,0,0 ->

Izitshalo

Ngotshani baphupho

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p, blockquote 94,0,0,0,0 ->

Isithwathwa

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p, blockquote 96,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Astra Alpine

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p, blockquote 98,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Alpine Bialotka

p, blockquote 99,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 100,0,0,0,0 ->

I-White-pearl cornflower

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p, blockquote 102,0,0,0,0 ->

Yarrow

p, blockquote 103,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 104,0,0,0,0 ->

UNarcissus umfishane

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p, blockquote 106,0,0,0,0 ->

UTulip Shrenka

p, blockquote 107,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 108,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Orchis ethwele ikhanda

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p, blockquote 110,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Lily yehlathi

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p, blockquote 112,0,0,0,0 ->

Saffron geyfeliv

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p, blockquote 114,0,0,0,0 ->

Kunamahlamvu amabili

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p, blockquote 116,0,0,0,0 ->

I-peony leaf

p, blockquote 117,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 118,0,0,0,0 ->

Lunaria uyaphila

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p, blockquote 120,0,0,0,0 ->

IShiverekia Podolsk

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p, blockquote 122,0,0,0,0 ->

I-clover ebomvu

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p, blockquote 124,0,0,0,0 ->

Izinwele ze-Adiantum Venus

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p, blockquote 126,0,0,0,0 ->

Aspleniy mnyama

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p, blockquote 128,0,0,0,0 ->

Umlotha omhlophe

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p, blockquote 130,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Colchicum ekwindla

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p, blockquote 132,0,0,0,0 ->

Sage Kremenets

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p, blockquote 134,0,0,0,0 ->

I-grouse yasentabeni

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p, blockquote 136,0,0,0,0 ->

Lunar uyaphila

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p, blockquote 138,0,0,0,0 ->

Ingadi yezimbali yasentwasahlobo

p, blockquote 139,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 140,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Belladonna vulgaris

p, blockquote 141,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 142,0,0,0,0 ->

Umnduze wamanzi amhlophe

p, blockquote 143,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 144,0,0,0,0 ->

Mevelop cornflower

p, blockquote 145,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 146,0,0,0,0 ->

Rhodiola rosea

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p, blockquote 148,0,0,0,0 ->

Juniper Cossack

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p, blockquote 150,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Annagraph emincane

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p, blockquote 152,0,0,0,0 ->

UMarsilia onamaqabunga amane

p, blockquote 153,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 154,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Rhododendron Oriental

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p, blockquote 156,0,0,0,0 ->

Abesilisa bePontic

p, blockquote 157,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 158,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Saffron yinhle

p, blockquote 159,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 160,0,0,0,0 ->

UViolet omhlophe

p, blockquote 161,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 162,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Rosehip Donetsk

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p, blockquote 164,0,0,0,0 ->

Bieberstein Isiqu

p, blockquote 165,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 166,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Astragalus Dnieper

p, blockquote 167,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 168,0,0,0,0 ->

Uhlobo olunemibala eminingi

p, blockquote 169,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 170,0,0,0,0 ->

Daphne Borovina

p, blockquote 171,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 172,0,0,0,0 ->

Isiphethu sika-Adonis

p, blockquote 173,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 174,0,0,0,0 ->

Inkemba yotshani

p, blockquote 175,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 176,0,0,0,0 ->

Izinwele ezino-Aconite

p, blockquote 177,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 178,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Dwarfish euonymus

p, blockquote 179,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 180,0,0,0,0 ->

URamson

p, blockquote 181,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 182,0,0,0,0 ->

UBell Carpathian

p, blockquote 183,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 184,0,0,0,0 ->

Cistus lobugebengu

p, blockquote 185,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 186,0,0,0,0 ->

Isitshalo seqanda esincane

p, blockquote 187,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 188,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Cloudberry

p, blockquote 189,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 190,0,0,0,0 ->

Cranberry Encane

p, blockquote 191,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 192,0,0,0,0 ->

Bifolia

p, blockquote 193,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 194,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Difaziastrum iflatisiwe

p, blockquote 195,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 196,0,0,0,0 ->

Orchis Monkey

p, blockquote 197,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 198,0,0,0,0 ->

I-White-pearl cornflower

p, blockquote 199,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 200,0,0,0,0 ->

I-nati yamanzi

p, blockquote 201,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 202,0,0,0,0 ->

Dryad Eightfold

p, blockquote 203,0,0,1,0 ->

p, blockquote 204,0,0,0,0 ->

IHhovisi le-Beehive

p, blockquote 205,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 206,0,0,0,0 ->

Intaba yase-Arnica

p, blockquote 207,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 208,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Anacamptis pyramidal

p, blockquote 209,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 210,0,0,0,0 ->

USalvinia uyantanta

p, blockquote 211,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 212,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Astrantia inkulu

p, blockquote 213,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 214,0,0,0,0 ->

ILinnaeus enyakatho

p, blockquote 215,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 216,0,0,0,0 ->

Isilondolozi se-Ovoid

p, blockquote 217,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 218,0,0,0,0 ->

IHemophilus officinalis

p, blockquote 219,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 220,0,0,0,0 ->

Izinsimbi ze-Liliac

p, blockquote 221,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 222,0,0,0,0 ->

I-checkered grouse

p, blockquote 223,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 224,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Palmtree

p, blockquote 225,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 226,0,0,0,0 ->

Inqama ejwayelekile

p, blockquote 227,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 228,0,0,0,0 ->

UPenny

p, blockquote 229,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 230,0,0,0,0 ->

Thistle marsh

p, blockquote 231,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 232,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Erythronium Tooth Tooth

p, blockquote 233,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 234,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Aronnik-enamaphiko amhlophe

p, blockquote 235,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 236,0,0,0,0 ->

Asphodelin ophuzi

p, blockquote 237,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 238,0,0,0,0 ->

URowan Glogovin

p, blockquote 239,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 240,0,0,0,0 ->

Kozelec Austrian

p, blockquote 241,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 242,0,0,0,0 ->

Kokushnik

p, blockquote 243,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 244,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Cirsium

p, blockquote 245,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 246,0,0,0,0 ->

Asplenium

p, blockquote 247,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 248,0,0,0,0 ->

IMaykaragan Volga

p, blockquote 249,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 250,0,0,0,0 ->

Ukuphila okuphakeme

p, blockquote 251,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 252,0,0,0,0 ->

Katran Tatar

p, blockquote 253,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 254,0,0,0,0 ->

ISiserian iris

p, blockquote 255,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 256,0,0,0,0 ->

Doronicum IsiHungary

p, blockquote 257,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 258,0,0,0,0 ->

Umzingeli wezinkukhu

p, blockquote 259,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 260,0,0,0,0 ->

I-Eremurus

p, blockquote 261,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 262,0,0,0,0 ->

Umshanelo

p, blockquote 263,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 264,0,0,0,0 ->

Inyoka

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p, blockquote 266,0,0,0,0 ->

Isiphetho

Nawa ama-taxa abhalwe ku-Red Book. Babhekana nokuqothuka okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Lezi zinhlobo zivikelwe, futhi ukuzingela kuzo kujeziswa inhlawulo ephezulu.

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I-Ukraine ingelinye lamazwe acebile emhlabeni ngokwemithombo yezemvelo. Kuyindawo ekahle yezinhlobo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyaqhubeka, izinsizakusebenza zidlulile, futhi izimo ezifanele zezinye izinkampani zokuxhumana ziyancishiswa

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Kulokhu, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokugcina nokubuyisela izinsiza zemvelo nemvelo ukuze kumiswe ukwehla kwenani labantu be-taxa ngokwemvelo. Incwadi Ebomvu ingumbhalo osemthethweni ohlanganisa izinhlobo zezinto ezisengozini ethile.

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Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo ezweni lanamuhla kwenza izimfuno zokuvikelwa kwabamele abaswele bezimbali nezilwane. Uma kungenziwanga lutho, inani lezinhlobo zezilwane lizoqhubeka linciphe.

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Ama-taxa angavamile afakwa ohlwini olukhethekile futhi ayabhekwa. Idatha ilawulwa izinhlangano ezikhethekile. Luzingela abamele iziloba ezifakwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu, kwenqatshelwe ngumthetho. Ukuphathwa okungekho emthethweni kwalezi zinhlobo kuyajeziswa ngokuya ngemithetho ebekiwe.

I-Lynx

Ku- "Red Book" yase-Ukraine kwakubangelwa ukudubula kwezigameko kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Babulala ngenxa yoboya. Manje ukuzingela kwe-lynx kuyazingela. I-Ukraine “ingaziqhayisa” kuphela ngamakati asendle angama-4.

Zonke zinjalo izilwane "I-Red Book" yase-Ukraine ePolesie. Lesi sakamuva sibhekisela ezifundeni zaseKiev naseSumy. Ngaphandle, i-lynx ayenzeki.

Ukuqothulwa kwe-lynx ngeke nje kudambise isilwane esizimele, esihle futhi esiphapheme, kodwa futhi kuzothusa nemvelo.Ikati yasendle iyadla, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezigulayo. Ukuzidla, ama-lynxes kuvimba ukusakazeka kokutheleleka, kuphulukise inani lezisulu zabo.

Kunombono wokuthi ama-lynxes ahlasela abantu, eqa esihlahleni. Le yinganekwane. Amakati ebhuku elibomvu azama ukugwema abantu. Awekho amacala aqoshiwe okuthi kuhlaselwe enze inzuzo ebuntwini, ikakhulukazi esihlahleni.

I-Lynx

Ibhele elinsundu

Enye yezidlamlilo ezidume kakhulu futhi eziyingozi Emhlabeni ibhere elinsundu. Ungumlingiswa ophambili wezinganekwane nezinganekwane zezizwe eziningi. Ibhere elinsundu lihlala emahlathini amakhulu, licashe ngokujulile ehlathini ebusika.

Ngaphandle, ibhere elinsundu liyisilo esinamandla esinekhanda elikhulu, lapho kubekwa khona amehlo nezindlebe ezincane. Amandla amakhulu wokushaywa kwe-bearish anikezwa yi-hump etholakala endaweni yokubuna, ukuqoqwa kwemisipha eyenziwe kahle. Ibhere linomsila ongaba ngu-20 cm ubude, kodwa licishe lingabonakali phakathi kwejazi eliminyene. Umbala wejazi uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokubhaliselwe kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya komnyama, umbala ojwayelekile kakhulu onsundu. Ibhere linemilenze emine, ngalinye lineminwe emihlanu. Umunwe ngamunye uphela ngohlaka olugqotshwe ngokugula lufika ku-10 cm.Amaduna akhula abe ngu-2,5 m futhi abe nesisindo esingu-500-750 kg. Isilwane sibukeka sishubile, kepha eqinisweni ibhere seligugile futhi ligugile, liyakwazi ukwenza ukugxuma okuphezulu, ligijime ngokushesha, libhukude futhi ligibela izihlahla. Lapho iphakama ukuphakama kwayo ifinyelela ku-3 m.

Ibhele elinsundu yi-omnivore. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amabhere adla izimpande, amahlumela amasha kanye nama-bulbs zezitshalo. Kamuva, ama-acorns, amakhowe, amantongomane namajikijolo aba ukudla kwakhe. Ekwindla, izilwane ziya emasimini ngombila noma i-oats. Ekwindla, ibhele liyaqina, lilungiselela isikhathi se-hibernation, izakhi zomzimba ziqongelela emzimbeni wakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi silwane simisa indawo yokuhlala edwaleni edwaleni, endaweni yokuphumula ngaphansi kwesigaxa sangaphakathi noma isivunguvungu somoya, indawo yeleyili kufanele ikhethwe yomile. Abesilisa bazifuya ngokwehlukana nabesifazane. Uma ehlobo bekungekho ukudla okwenele, ibhere liyazula ebusika liyofuna ukudla. Ibhele elinjalo libizwa ngokuthi "induku yokuxhuma", liyingozi kuma-herbivores futhi kwesinye isikhathi lingahlasela umuntu.

Isimo sokulondolozwa kwale nhlobo ku-Red Book sisengcupheni: inani lamabhere ansundu e-Ukraine alidluli abantu abangama-300. Zingama-200 izidlakudla ezihlala izifunda ezihlala ezifundeni zaseTranscarpathian nase-Ivano-Frankivsk, cishe ezingama-50 eLviv nezinye ezingama-20 eChernivtsi.

Izizathu zokwehla kwamanani: ukuxhashazwa okukhulu nokuvuselelwa kwamahlathi, umthwalo omkhulu wokuzijabulisa kubo, ukuzingela kwezilwane.

Igundane le-Steppe

Igundane le-steppe linamagama amaningi: igundwane eliseningizimu, igundane elinemigqa emithathu, igundane elinemigqa noma lomhluzi. Kutholakala esigabeni se-steppe kanye ne-steppe-steppe kusuka kwi-Southern Bug kuya e-Seversky Donets, kufaka ne-peninsula yaseCrimea. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ekuxhumaneni kwe-Bug ne-Dniester lolu hlobo seluphelile ngokuphelele.

Igundwane eliseningizimu alidluli ubude obungu-65-70 mm, kuyilapho ubude bomsila ekubo bungu-100-120% wobude bomzimba. Ngokuya ngezimo zokuphila, ubudala nezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumpunga okukhanyayo ngokufiphele kuya kokumpunga okumnyama nge-buffy hue. Isisu simhlophe ngombala, imivimbo emithathu emnyama eqondile elele emuva nangezinhlangothini, kanti eyokugcina ibukeka imfushane futhi imfushane kunasemuva.

Amagundane eSteppe ahola indlela yokuphila ebusayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ayasebenza ngosuku. Ekwindla, sesithole inani elanele lamafutha, lezi zilwane zifihla umzimba, ezingathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Abesilisa bavuka ngo-Ephreli ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14 ngaphambi kwezinsikazi.

Amagundane eSteppe agudluka ikakhulu ngokugijimela, ukugibela ngobuhlakani namahlamvu aqonde, kuyilapho umsila usetshenziselwa ukugcina ibhalansi. Zondla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, kufaka phakathi ama-invertebrates, okuvame kakhulu ekudleni kwesitshalo (izimpande, ama, imbewu).

Namuhla lolu hlobo lubonwa njengolusengozini, isizathu esiyinhloko ngukubhujiswa kwezindawo zobuntombi, ukulima, ukushisa kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo emasimini e-haylands, ngokweqile kwezinkomo.

I-Hedgehog

I-hedgehog ye-eared ihlukile kune-hedgehog ejwayelekile ngosayizi omkhulu we-auricle, lapho yathola khona igama elihambelanayo. Ubude bezindlebe zakhe bufika ngamasentimitha ayi-5, ubude bezinaliti abudluli ku-3 cm. Igobolondo lezinaliti lincane kunaleyo ene-hedgehog ejwayelekile, ukuze izingxenye ezingezansi zezinhlangothi zimbozwe ngoboya obuthambile. Ubude bomzimba walesi silwane bungama-12-27 cm, isisindo sowesilisa singama-430 amagremu, izinsikazi zingama-200 kuya ku-500 amagremu, okuphindwe izikhathi eziphindwe kathathu kune-hedgehog evamile.

Ama-hedgehogs amade anama-vertebrates amancane, izinambuzane, amabhungane (amabhungane, amabhungane amnyama, abagijimi, ama-linger, njll.), Amacimbi, izicabucabu, izintuthwane, amaqanda enyoni nokudla kwezitshalo (imbewu, amahlumela, izimbali, izithelo zezitshalo, izithelo, imifino nemoss). Ukudla kuya ngesizini. Uma becinga ukudla bangakwazi ukumboza amabanga amade afike ku-10 km, bangamelana namaviki ayi-10 ngaphandle kokudla neziphuzo. Baqala indlela yokuphila yasebusuku, futhi ebusika bangena ekubandakanyeni ubusika.

Njengesiphephelo, la ma-hedgehogs abhula imisele emincane engaba ngu-45 cm ubude ngokuphuma okukodwa, noma asebenzise imisele yemilambo engenalutho. Imvamisa, njengendawo yokuhlala, basebenzisa indawo yokukhosela ehlukahlukene phakathi kwamatshe. Agijima ngokushesha kakhulu kunama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile, futhi ngokunqenqema abopha ibhola, imvamisa anikina amakhanda awo phansi, okhalweni kanye noxhaxha, bezama ukufaka imijovo ngezinaliti zabo, futhi ngokushesha bazama ukuphunyula. Izitha eziphambili ze-heredgehogs e-eyred is a amabhere, izimpisi, izinja ezidukelayo, amabhebezane, izimpungushe, izinkozi ezizihambelayo, izikhova zokhozi namakhayithi.

Inani lalezi zinhlobo e-Ukraine alidluli abantu abaningana abaningana. Eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, linye kuphela icala lokuxhumana komuntu ngaleli hedgehog: eminyakeni eminingana edlule wabonwa eduze kwaseLugansk.

Izizathu zokuncipha kwamanani kungukucekelwa phansi kwendalo yama-steppe, ukutshala i-steppe nge-monocultures ka-pine, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-hedgehog emhlophe. Lesi silwane sigcinwe ezakhiweni zemvelo zaseLugansk nase-Ukraine, kepha lokhu akuzange kusize ukugcina inani lezinhlobo. Ukubuyisela inombolo yangaphambilini yama-hedgehogs anokubona kungenzeka kuphela uma kuzalaniswa ekudingisweni.

U-Ermine

I-ermine iyisilwane esincane esisheshayo futhi esisheshayo enoboya obuhle obushintsha sibe nsundu ehlobo futhi simhlophe ebusika. U-Ermines waba yisisulu embonini yezemfashini - basaqhubeka nokwenza amajazi oboya bobuhlaza babo noboya obuthambile.

E-Ukraine, lezi zilwane ezinhle zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso, zifakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yase-Ukraine, futhi ukuzingela kuyenqatshelwe noma ngezinhloso zokucwaninga.

Ama-Ermines ayizinyamazane ezincane ezinomzimba omncane. Izilwane zifana kakhulu nothando, kepha zinkulu: isisindo sabesilisa asidluli kumagremu angama-250, ubude bomzimba bungama-32 cm, izinsikazi zincane kakhulu. Umzimba uphakeme kakhulu, mncane, cishe ubukhulu obulinganayo, intamo ende ende eqinile. Inhloko enesihlazo ekhonjiwe ibanzi nje khudlwana kunentamo, kanti nezindlebe ezimfishane ezibanzi ezibanzi zizungezile. Ama-paws amafushane, phakathi kweminwe kuyisithuthi sokubhukuda esakhiwe kahle. Umsila, ngokungafani nomsila weasasel, mude impela, okungenani ingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba, kepha, uma unikezwe ulayini wezinwele, mncane ngesilenge esimnyama esifushane kakhulu ekugcineni. Uboya obusika buqinile, bukhulu futhi buthuntu. Izinyawo ngaphansi zimbozwe izinwele ezinde.

Ama-Ermines awazingeli kuphela ebusweni, kepha nasezigabeni zamagundwini amakhulu futhi, lapho esechithe amakhosi angempela, ngokuvamile ahlala ezidlekeni zawo. Ilitha esidlekeni libekwe ngaphandle kuka-moss noboya. Indawo yokuzingela yomuntu oyedwa engamahektare angama-20 - 25, futhi lapho ifuna ukudla umhlaseli ugijimela ku-9 km. nsuku zonke. Uma kunesidingo, ungagibela, ubhukude futhi ugxume. Lezi zilwane zisebenza kakhulu. Babhukuda kahle futhi ngokungafanele bakhuphuka izihlahla. Eqhweni zihamba zize ziqhume, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyahamba ngisho nasekuhambeni kobukhulu beqhwa.

I-otter yomfula

IDoot otter iyizinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezidla lubi emndenini we-marten, ehola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, enye yezinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo lwe-otter. Ezincwadini, igama elithi "otter" livame ukubhekisela kule nhlobo ethile.

I-otter iyisilo esikhulu esinemizimba evulekile yokuguquguquka. Ubude bomzimba - 55-95 cm, umsila - 26-55 cm, isisindo - 6-10 kg. Amaphayi amafushane, anezinto zokubhukuda zokubhukuda. Umsila unomsipha, hhayi i-fluffy.

Umbala we-Fur: onsundu omnyama ngaphezulu, okhanyayo ngaphansi, isiliva. Izinwele ezisele zinama-coarse, kepha ingaphansi lingaphezulu futhi ligobile. Ubukhulu bejazi bungafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-51 nge-1 cm 2. Ubungako obuphakeme baphansi baphansi benza uboya bungangeni ngokuphelele emanzini futhi bufake ngokuphelele umzimba wesilwane, buwuvikele ku-hypothermia. Isakhiwo somzimba se-otter sikulungele ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi: inhloko eshaweni, imilenze emifushane, umsila omude.

Ihlala ikakhulukazi emifuleni ehlathini egcwele izinhlanzi, incane kakhulu emachibini nasemachibini. Kwenzeka ogwini. Ithanda imifula enezimpophoma, inezigodi ezingenayo imvula ebusika, enamanzi agejiwe, agcwele amabhange anomoya ovunguzayo, lapho kunamakhosela amaningi athembekile nezindawo zokwakha imisele. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlela indawo yayo yokuqhuma emihumeni noma, njengesidleke, emahlathini eduze kwamanzi. Izikhala zomgodi wakhe zivulekile ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Izindawo zokuzingela i-otter eyodwa ehlobo zakha ingxenye yomfula kusuka 2 kuya ku-18 km ubude kanye ne-100 m ekujuleni kogu. Ebusika, ngokuncipha kwamasheya ezinhlanzi nokuqandeka umhlonyane, kuphoqelelwa ukuzulazula, kwesinye isikhathi kuwele ngqo ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, otter wehla emthambekeni, wehlela esiswini sawo, eshiya umkhondo obonakala ngesimo somgemge. Eqhweni naseqhweni kugeleza nsuku zonke kuze kufike ku-15-20 km.

Ama-otter adla kakhulu inhlanzi (i-carp, i-pike, i-trout, i-roach, ama-gobies), njll., Ngokulangazela adla ama-mollusks kanye nezibungu ze-caddis. Ehlobo, ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi, kubamba imigoqo yamanzi nezinye izinduku, amasele nezikhala, nasezindaweni okuzingela kuyo amadada namadada ngokuhlelekile.

Bottlenose dolphin

I-Bottlenose dolphin, noma ihlengethwa elikhulu - uhlobo lwamahlengethwa, okungenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zodobolose kanye nehlengethwa waseNdiya kanye nehlengethwa wase-Australia.

Ubude behlengethwa i-bottlenose buyi-2,3 m, kuyaqabukela kufika ku-3.6 m. Isisindo, njengomthetho, singama-150- 300 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu kuno-10-20 cm kunezinsikazi. "Uqhwaku" oluthuthukiswe ngendlela elinganiselwe lukhawulelwe kusuka kumcamelo we-convex frontal-nasal (fat). Isigaxa sifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-58. I-dorsal fin isezingeni eliphakeme, enesisekelo esibanzi, futhi ibunjiwe ngemuva enyangeni. Amaphinifa we-pectoral abanzi ezansi, aqine aze afike ekugcineni, aqhakaze eceleni komgwaqo ongaphandle, bese kuthiwa ukhonkolo eceleni komgwaqo omncane ongemuva. Umbala womzimba onsundu ngokungaphezulu, ukukhanya ngaphansi (grey to white), iphethini ezinhlangothini zomzimba ayihambelani, imvamisa ayisho lutho. Ema-dolphin amahlengethwa ahlala oLwandle Olumnyama, amaqembu emiibala emi-2 ayahlukaniswa. Uhlobo A lubonakala ngomngcele ocacile noma ongacacile phakathi kombala omnyama emuva nombala omhlophe wesisu nokuthi endaweni emnyama engxenyeni ephakathi yomzimba kukhona i-angle engela ekhanyayo ne -exex yayo ibheke kwele-dorsal fin. Kuhlobo B, ingaphezulu elingaphezulu lomzimba alinawo umngcele obukhali nendawo engezansi, limelelwa ngumugqa oqondile oqondile, omfushane noma omugqigqo ongenalo i-angle ekhanyayo lapho kufinyelela khona isikweletu.

Amazinyo aqinile, akhonjwe ngandlela-thile, awugqinsi obungamamitha ayi-6, ama-19- 28 ngazimbili ngaphezulu kanye nama-pairs ama-1-3 ngaphansi. Akhiwe ukuze kube khona isikhala samahhala phakathi kwawo. Lapho kuvaliwe, amazinyo ohlu olungaphezulu awela ezikhaleni phakathi kwamazinyo womugqa ophansi. Kubantu asebekhulile, imiqhele iyaguga futhi kwakheka “umgodi”. Imihlathi engezansi yinde kancane kuneyaphezulu.

Ama-dolphin awunazo izindlala izithukuthuku, futhi ungqimba lwamafutha lusebenza njengokufakelwa komzimba okushisayo. Ngakho-ke, ukushintshanisa ukushisa ngamanzi kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amaphiko - i-pectoral, i-dorsal ne-caudal. Amahlengethwa aphonswa ogwini ahlala efa ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, izinsephe ezishiswe ngaphandle kwamanzi zingayeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, lapho kuthuthwa amahlengethwa, asetshenziswa ngokukhethekile futhi apholile.

UBarn owl

I-Barn Owl - inyoni inkulu kakhulu, ifinyelela amasentimitha angama-40 ngosayizi, amaphiko ayo angaphansi kwamamitha. Isisindo sale nyoni singama-200 - 700 amagremu, ikakhulukazi ngama-500 amagremu.

Umbala wesikhova esibomvu ubomvu okumhlophe, obomvu ngamachashazi nemivimbo. Amapheya ale nyoni aminyene kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ingahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho kodwa ezibandayo. Isici esithusayo esihlukanisa isikhova sezimbali phakathi kwezinye izinyoni ukuthi kubonakala sengathi sibeka “imaskhi” emhlophe ebusweni bayo. Isisho sale “maski” sikhulu kangangokuba abanye abacwaningi babize isikhova esithi “isikhova esinobuso benkawu”.

Ihola indlela yokuphila yodwa, esebenzayo ebusuku. Njengazo zonke izikhova, isikhova esivamile esidlangalaleni siyisidlakudla. Isisekelo sokudla kwayo sakhiwe ngamagundane amancane - amagundane, ama-voles, amagundane, ama-gerbils, njll. Esifundeni esithile izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezidliwayo zihamba phambili. Uma kunesidingo, ibarn owl ibamba amaxoxo, amalulwane, izibankwa nama-invertebrates.

Umbono wenyoni nawo uqine, ngenxa yokuthi ibona kahle ebumnyameni. Isikhova esibambe inyamazane sibamba inyamazane yaso empukweni ngemikhono ebukhali futhi siyisa endaweni ethile lapho ungayidla khona ngokuphepha.

Indawo yesidleke somndeni ivame ukufunwa owesilisa. Imvamisa lokhu kusisiqu esikhulu, esibolile noma izinyoni ezindala ezidla inyama. Ethola eyodwa, ubiza insikazi ngezwi elikhulu. Ngemuva kokwakheka komndeni, ubeka amaqanda ayi-4-6, futhi uwafake ngaphezu kwenyanga. Sonke lesi sikhathi owesilisa umlethela ukudla.

Ikati lehlathi

Engxenyeni eseningizimu naseningizimu-nentshonalanga ye-Ukraine, ikati lasehlathini liyivelakancane. Ukubukeka kwakhe nemikhuba yakhe kufana nesilwane esifuywayo, umehluko kuphela wokuthi ikati lehlathi likhulu kakhulu. Owesilisa ufinyelela kuma-90 cm, kuthi owesifazana abude obungama-70 cm. Umsila nawo uhlukile emsileni wekati lasekhaya. Kukhulu futhi kufushane. Izindlebe ezilandwe ngobubanzi, uma kunesidingo, zijikeleza ngokushesha okukhulu, zifunda umthombo womsindo. Lesi silwane sinzima ukusinda ebusika eliqhwa ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthola inyamazane.

Ngakho-ke, ebusika kungahlala eduze kwezindlu zabantu. Ikati leli lingabhukuda uma kunesidingo, kepha alithandi amanzi. Isilwane asesabi umuntu, siyasivumela ukuba siseduze, kepha kunzima ukusibamba. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwekati lasehlathini, kanye nalezo ezifuywayo, ngamagundane nezinyoni ezincane. Kepha ngokungafani nesilwane esifuywayo, lesi silwane esingahlasela ama-roe deer cubs, kanye nezilwane ezinkulu nezinyoni.

Korsak

I-Fox corsac ingeyezilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni wama-canine, uhlobo lwezimpungushe. Isikhumba sayo sasebusika sibaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso yoboya. Inani lezimpungushe uqobo lizibandakanye ekuqothulweni kwamagundane, okuwusizo olukhulu emphakathini.

Ngosayizi, lokhu kudla okuphansi kuncane. I-45-65 cm ubude bayo bomzimba obujwayelekile. Impungushe inomsila omude, ukusuka ku-20 kuye ku-35 cm. Isisindo sesilo esidala singama-3.5-7 kg. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna kungafinyelela kuma-cm angama-30. Ukwakheka kwezindlebe kuyakhonjwa, kukhulu. Isibalo sisifushane, sinamazinyo amancane. Impungushe inombala onsomi ngombala obomvu ophuzi noma obomvana. Kukhona uboya obukhanyayo umphimbo, esifubeni, esiswini. Umbala omnyama emaphethelweni umsila. Uboya buyashintsha.

Ukudla okuyinhloko kweKorsak ngamagundane (ukudla ama-voles, amagundane, ama-hamsters, ama-squirrels omhlaba, ijezi). Ziyakwazi ukuzingela izinyoni, zonakalise izidleke zazo futhi zidle amaqanda. Impungushe elambile ingadla isidumbu. Uma ukudla kwezilwane kunganele, khona-ke kudla imifino (imifino nezithelo, amakhambi ahlukahlukene). Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ukulingana kwamavithamini emzimbeni. Izimpungushe zihlala eduze nabantu, ezindaweni, zidla imfucuza ezindaweni zokuphamba, ukweba izinkukhu.

I-Steppe fox ihlala futhi idle ezindaweni eziyomile. Ithola amanzi hhayi njengomthombo oqondile, kepha ngokudla. Izimpilo ezimbanjeni ezaziphonswe abakhi bezinsimbi, amabele, izingwejeje zomhlabathi nezinye izimpungushe. Izimpungushe ziyakwazi ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane. Ebusika, uma kuneqhwa eliningi, bathunyelwa ukuhambisa amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha eningizimu. Isikhathi sokuzingela kusihlwa noma ubusuku.

Izimpungushe ezingama-steppe zihlala ngazimbili impilo yazo yonke. Umzabalazo osebenzayo phakathi kwabo kwabesifazane yimpikiswano eyinhloko yokwakha ngababili.Isikhathi sokukhanywa siphakathi kukaJanuwari noMashi. Isikhathi sokumiswa kwezinyanga ezimbili. Izithombo zizalelwa emgodini. Inani lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa lisuka ku-2 liye ku-6. Lapho kuzalwa, izimpungushe zingaboni futhi zimbozwe ngoboya obumnyama obuthuthukile. Amehlo aqala ukuvula ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Bondla ubisi cishe izinyanga ezi-2, kepha emavikini ama-5 sebefakela inyama ekudleni kwezinja ezisanda kuzalwa. Ukusuka emgodini kuya phezulu iya enyangeni yesi-2.

Hare

Umvundla noma umvundla umuthi wezilwane ezincelisayo zohlobo lwe-oda lohlobo. Isilwane esijwayelekile enyakatho ye-Eurasia. I-hare enkulu: ubude bomzimba bezilwane zabantu abadala buvela ku-44 kuye ku-65 cm, ngezikhathi ezithile bufika ku-74 cm, isisindo somzimba u-1.6-4,5 kg.

Ngobubanzi bawo obubanzi, umqhele usatshalaliswa ngokungalingani, uthambekele emazweni amnikeza ukudla nokuvikelwa okuthembekile. Ihlala ngokulingene ehlobo, lapho kunokudla okuningi futhi kulula ukuhamba khona; ekwindla nasebusika kwenza ukufuduka kwesizini. Eminyakeni yobuningi obukhulu, izindawo ezihlala kuzo zihluka kakhulu.

Cishe kuvamile kuyo yonke indawo ezigodini zemifula emikhulu, lapho ingatholi nje kuphela izimo zokudla ezinhle, kepha futhi iphunyuka ezimuncweni, “ukubhukuda” esihlabathini somfula. Ku-tundra zone gravitates to shrubby tundra, evame ogwini. Esimweni sehlathi, cishe akutholakali emahlathini aqhubekayo (ikakhulukazi i-taiga) enabantu abaningi, okukhanga kakhulu kuwo kungamahlathi angenamakhambi, ezigodini zemifula, kanye nezindawo zemililo yakudala, nemililo. Izifunda eziphakathi neRussia, lapho izindawo ezinamahlathi acijile zivame ukuhlangana namathafa aqine futhi zithande kakhulu ukuba mhlophe. Gwema ukubhukuda okubanzi okuvulekile.

Umvundla uyisilwane esishisayo esinezikhathi ezithile zokuphaka. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, idla ezingxenyeni eziluhlaza zezitshalo, ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zobubanzi obuthanda i-clover, dandelion, peas yegundane, yarrow, goldenrod, bedstraw, sedge nezinhlamvu. Ngokuzithandela udla ama-oats nama-clover emasimini.

Ekwindla, njengoba utshani bomile, ama-hres aqala ukudla amagatsha amancane ezihlahla. Njengoba ikhava leqhwa lisungulwa, ukondleka kwe-roughage kuya ngokuya kubaluleka. Ebusika, umhlanga udla izithombo namagxolo ezihlahla ezahlukahlukene nezihlahlana. Cishe yonke indawo, imifino ehlukahlukene yama-willow kanye ne-aspen ifakiwe ekudleni kwakhe. I-Birch ne-larch ayidliwanga yibo ngokuzithandela, kepha ngenxa yokufinyeleleka basebenza njengomthombo obalulekile wokudla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga. ENingizimu, i-hare ihlala idla amahlumela ezinhlobo ezinwebekile - i-oki, imephu, iHazel.

I-European mink

Ngokubonakala kwayo, umunyu ufana nomhlambi wezimbali, umugqa omncane kanye nobisi, kepha ikhanda lawo liyancibilikiswa, umzimba walo umningi ngokwengeziwe, izindlebe zalo zincane, zicishe zifihlwe ngoboya, izinwele zimfene naphansi. Ubude bomzimba bezilwane bungama-30-45 cm, isisindo esingu-550-800 amagremu, nobude bomsila buyi-12-20 cm. Amaphaphu amafushane anama-membrane ahlukanisiwe, abanzi emilenzeni engemuva,

Ukuba khona kwama-minks aseYurophu kuhlobene eduze nemvelo yasemanzini, kodwa hhayi ngezinga elifanayo ne-otter. Esimweni sehlathi, lolu hlobo luphawu lokuhlala emachibini amancane asithulu ageleza amboza inethiwekhi eminyene yehlathi nezindawo eziphansi. Izilwane zithanda ukuhlala ngasogwini lolwandle oluneminyithi, nemifudlana egeleza kancane enamabhange amnene, agqunywe ngotshani nezihlahla ezi-alder. Lapho bathola ukudla kwabo, kanye namakhefu athembekile. Izimbungulu zingena endaweni yama-steppe ezigodini zemifula emikhulu. Lapho bahlala khona emathangeni odoti kanye nezikhukhula.

Izilwane ezihlala ezindlini zihlela eduze kwamanzi. Umugqa wokuthi le nyamazane encane "ibaboleka" kusukela kumugqa wamanzi noma uyikhiphe ngokwayo ayijulile futhi elula ngesakhiwo. Inezinto ezimbili zokuphuma, igumbi eliphambili nendlu yangasese. Enye yezindlela eziphuma ngayo iholela endaweni yokugcina amanzi, nenye (indawo yokugcina) - kugcwele amatshe athinta ugu. Izilwane zisebenzisa ukuhamba kuqala kaningi. Igumbi lokuhlala ligcinwe ngokucophelela ngamaqabunga owomile, utshani, izimpaphe zezinyoni kanye ne-moss.

Cishe abantu abangama-200 ukuya kuma-200 abantu abavela eYurophu bahlala e-Ukraine. Esifundeni saseZhytomyr, inani lezinhlobo eminyakeni engama-50 edlule lehlile amahlandla amane. Uma ngo-1987 ama-60 mink ahlala eDniester engezansi, ngo-2000 kwasala ama-10 kuphela.

Isizathu sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu: ushintsho olukhulu ezindaweni ezimanzi enqubekweni yokusetshenziswa kwezolimo nokuzijabulisa. Izinhlobo lezi zivikelekile eDanube nase Carpathian Biosphere Reservation, eLower Dniester National Natural Park naseKanev State Nature Reserve.

Izindlebe ezimpunga ezimpunga

Amacici ezimpunga aluhlaza ayizinhlobo zamalulwane anamadlebe amakhulu. E-Ukraine, lezi zilwane ezingandile zivikelekile ezindaweni ezigcinwe esifundeni seCarpathian, iRastochya, iPodolia kanye neCrimea.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zijwayelekile kuhlobo: izindlebe zikhulu (ngaphezu kwama-30 mm), zanda ezansi, uboya bangemuva bunsundu okhanyayo. Izimpawu zezinhlobo: ama-tubercles amancane ngaphezu kwamehlo (amancane kunamehlo), isiphetho se-muzzle ngemuva kwamakhala asikavuvukalanga, umunwe wophiko wamahhala ufushane (5-5.7 mm), iziqongo zezitimela zimnyama, isisu sikhanya, ipheniphu iklanywe ngemidwebo yeklabhu, ingaphambili ingama-38-43 mm.

Uma ngesinye isikhathi ubona ukuthi ilulwane elinamandla lindizela kuwe - ungesabi, ngoba lesi silwane sithukile kakhulu futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa.

I-biotope ejwayelekile ihlathi elinemigwaqo ebanzi nezifunda zomhume wamaCarpathians, ePodolia naseCrimea. Imvamisa ye-synanthropy, gravitates kuya ezindlini zabantu, amapaki nasezingadini. I-Sedentary. Ihlala ezigodini zezihlahla kanye nemifantu ezindaweni eziphuma emadwaleni; ebusika obunzima kakhulu buvame ukutholakala emihumeni nasezingozini. Indiza iyakwazi ukuhamba, ihlola izinambuzane ezincane ezihamba ebusuku, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni, emigodini nasezivandeni. Kuholela ezindleleni zokugcina zodwa; ehlobo, izintokazi zakha amaqembu amancanyana. Ifinyelela ekukhuleni ineminyaka emibili. Izithelo kanye ngonyaka 1 ingane. I-Widd-double ye-ushana ejwayelekile.

Ingulube emnyama

Ummeleli wesibili omkhulu we-oda nomndeni eBelarus, ophansi kancane ngosayizi omhlophe. Okukhulu (kufika ku-100 cm ubude, enesisindo esingama-3 kg) enentamo ende nemilenze. Indiza, intamo iyelulwa. Umbala weplamu umnyama nge-sheen yensimbi; imhlophe kuphela yisisu nomsila ongaphansi komsila. Uqhwaku nemilenze ibomvu, u-olive mncane.

Uhlu oludwenguliwe lufinyelela kulo lonke i-Eurasia, endaweni eseningizimu ne-Afrika. EBelarus, izidleke zamachashaza amnyama kuyo yonke insimu ngaphandle kwezindawo ezingenamnotho nezithuthuke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Izindawo zobusika zitholakala e-Afrika.

Ikhetha izindawo ezinamakhompiyutha - amahlathi akhudlwana, amahlathi e-oki ayizikhukhula, kanye namahlathi axubile, akuvamisile ukuba ihlalwe emahlathini amadala angama-coniffort. Muva nje, kuye kwaba nezimo ezivame kakhulu zokudlekwa eduzane nokuhlala kwabantu (kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-500 ukusuka edolobhaneni), onqenqemeni lwezindawo ezigawulwa izingodo, imigwaqo, kanye namacala wokudla ezindaweni zezolimo, ezindaweni zokugcina okwenziwe (amachibi amapulazi ezinhlanzi, amadamu okugcina amanzi), adonswa ngemuva kokudonsa amanzi. lapho amaqoqo abantu abangaba yishumi nambili ngokuvamile abonwa khona.

Izinhlobo zezilwane ezifudukayo nezithutha. Ifika ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - Ephreli. Yakha izidleke emiqheleni yezihlahla ezindala ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3,5 kuya kwayi-26. Ukwehluka okuningana kwavezwa maqondana nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zezihlahla zezidleke phakathi kwezifunda zasenyakatho (esifundeni saseVitebsk. I-Pine isinda) kanye naseningizimu (i-oak yehlula) izifunda zaseBelarus, okungenzeka ngenxa yokuhluka ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo zamahlathi kulezi zindawo. Kuchazwa ngamacala wokudlekwa esidlekeni, emhlabathini, phansi phansi kwezihlahla ezisezihlahleni. Futhi kuveza amapulatifomu akhethekile wokufakelwa. Isidleke samagatsha, ugqoko oluboshwe ngotshani obomile, izingcezu zefudu, kwesinye isikhathi ama-moss ahlanganiswe ngamaqabunga noboya. Isidleke sisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingana, kwesinye isikhathi ngezikhathi ezithile, njalo siqedwa futhi singafinyelela usayizi omkhulu.

Izici ezisongela kakhulu: ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukucekelwa phansi kwezidleke ngesikhathi sokusika, ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokudlekwa kwezinyoni.Amacala okwehla okushubile kwendawo ngamanani ngenxa yokudonsa noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcwala kwamanzi ngendawo yendawo kuyaziwa.

Ijerboa enkulu

I-jerboa enkulu, noma i-hare yobumba, ingummeleli omkhulu womndeni wama-rodent. Unomzimba omncane, acishe abe ngu-20- 26 cm ubude nomsila omkhulu izikhathi eziphindwe kabili nohhafu. IJerboa ingaqashelwa yi-muzzle ephakeme ngekhala elincane elithambile elifana nengulube. Isisindo salesi "sikhulu" kuyaqabukela seqa i-300 g.

Umbala wejazi elikhulu lejerboa liyahlukahluka kusuka kusi-brownish-buffy kuya kwesihlabathi esimibalabala, i-muzzle ilula ngandlela-thile, futhi isisu sonke simhlophe. Umsila wesilwane umnyama futhi unesimo sofezela, kanti isihloko somsila simhlophe.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokwedlula lapho ijezi enkulu ihlala khona, izindlebe zayo zinde kakhulu futhi zilula noboya.

Ensimini ye-Ukraine, lesi silwane sitholakala ePoltava, eSumy, eCherkasy nakwezinye izifunda zama-steppe. IJerboa ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, emaceleni, ogwini olomile lwezidumbu zamanzi. Isilwane siphila impilo yodwa, nesihlobo siyathintana phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana, ekuthunjweni kuba nolaka kubo. Izingela ikakhulu ebusuku.

Ukuze ungabi isisulu somphangi, i-jerboa ikhombisa izimangaliso zobunyanga:

• kukhuphula isivinini ku-40-50 km / h ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-1,
• igxuma ubude ibanga elingama-80-125 cm,
• ihamba ngokuzithoba, icindezela ngokushintshana ngeyodwa noma kolunye unyawo, ngaphandle kokwenza amajezi abukhali futhi ijike, kahle, ngaphandle kokuthinta umhlabathi.

Ijerboa enkulu idla zombili izitshalo (imbewu, ama-bulbs, amakhambi, izimpande) nokudla kwezilwane (izinambuzane, amanye ama-invertebrates). Ishintsha kalula indlela odla ngayo ngokuya ngesizini nokutholakala kokuphakelayo. Isilwane kwesinye isikhathi "sidla" emasimini an okusanhlamvu namakhabe, sikhetha imbewu nezinhlamvu, kepha umonakalo awubalulekile.

Ijerboa enkulu iyinhlobo eyivelakancane esengozini yokuqothulwa. Namuhla, kunezilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, ingxenye eyinhloko igxilwe enhlonhlweni YaseCrimea nasendaweni yolwandle iBlack Sea. Izizathu ezinkulu zokwehla kwamanani ukwehlukaniswa okwenziwe ngobunono kwamakholoni endaweni yendawo yazo eyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-jerboas nawo ahlushwa izitha zemvelo - ama-ferrets nezikhova.

I -fishfish ejwayelekile

I -fishfish ejwayelekileUngowomndeni wakwa-Alvele, ungowolunye uhlobo lwe-copperfish. Inyoka ehlala eYurophu ibhalwe ku-Red Book of Ukraine. Ingatholakala e-Asia, eCaucasus naseNyakatho Iran. Inyoka ihlala eNtshonalanga Kazakhstan nengxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia, okungukuthi indawo, kusukela enyakatho nasempumalanga kuye eLake Onega naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia, ngokulandelana.

Umuntu oqinile futhi onamandla unesisindo somzimba esivamile, ubude baso bufika kuma-75 cm.Ikhanda elicwengekile le-eyefishfish elijwayelekile lihlangana nentamo ngokuqinile, futhi umsila unobude bengxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zobude bonke bomzimba. Isikali senyoka sona futhi sibushelelezi. Ekhanda kukhona umugqa omnyama, umzimba engxenyeni engenhla onsundu. Isisu senyoka esiphakathi sihlotshiswe ngentambo emnyama, kanti phansi yomsila inomthunzi okhanyayo.

Umbala wezinsikazi ubonakala ngokuba khona kokungahlanzeki kwekhanda elibomvu, kanti owesilisa unombala obomvu ngokuphelele. Ngomlomo wombala obomvu emehlweni enyoka kudlula umucu olugobile ube nombala omnyama. Umzimba we-copperfish ezinhlangothini upendwe ngamachashazi amancane, kanti isisu sinombala obomvu, onsundu, opinki, ompunga, obomvu ngezitini noma omnyama. Ibonisa ubukhona bephethini eyinqayizivele, equkethe amabala namachashazi amancane.

I-Copper iyakwazi ukugibela izihlahla. Uma inyoka isengozini, ivele ingene emanzini noma idlule kulezi zindawo, ikakhulukazi uma zimanzi. Inyoka ingabhukuda kahle, inomdlandla ubusuku nemini, ithanda ukushisa. I-Fishfish iyaphaphama lapho kuvela inyanga ebonakalayo esibhakabhakeni.

Izindawo ezihlala kuzo i-eyefishfish zingamahlathi. Inyoka ihlala emahlathini ohlobo lwenhlanganisela, oluxubile noma oluyinqaba. Ukulala kwasemini yesilwane esifuywayo kwenzeka ngama-glade, imiganu, iziqoqelalwazi noma okhalweni.Le nyoka ayitholakali emaqeleni, ngaphansi kwamathafa noma emameleni, ayikhuphukeli ezintabeni iphakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2,5, kodwa ihlala ezindaweni ezinamawa ase-shrub.

Isilozi esiluhlaza

Isibankwakazi esikhulu, esimanzi kakhulu, esinobude bomzimba esingafika ku-15,5 cm nomsila ocishe sibe siphindwe kabili kunawo. Isihlangu se-intermaxillary sithinta impumlo noma sihlukaniswe yibhadi elincane. Izithambisi ezingaphansi kwe-2-3. Izihlangu zeMandibular 5 ngazimbili. Izikali zomzimba ezinezimbambo ezichazwe kahle ezichazwe kahle, zilandelana ezikalini ezingama-40-58. Ama-pores femoral 11-21, acishe afike emadolweni aguqe. Izikhala zabantu abadala ziluhlaza ngaphezulu ngamachashazi amnyama noma aphuzi. Imiphimbo nentamo yabesilisa kukhanya luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka entwasahlobo nakuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ku-lilac ehlobo nasekwindla. Izinsikazi zinemikhonto emhlophe noma eblue. Amancane ngaphezulu anombala onsundu noma onsundu, imvamisa ngemivimbo ezinhlangothini zegede. Ikhanda ngaphezulu luhlaza okotshani. Phansi kwabesilisa kuphuzi okugqamile, kwabesifazane - mhlophe noma buluhlaza, ngaphandle kwamabala.

Ngokuvamile kutholakala emagqumeni anotshani nasezihlahleni nasezigodini. Digs kujule, kufinyelela ku-1 m, izimbobo, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezindlela eziningana zokuphuma. Ugijima kakhulu. Ukuphunyuka ekuphishekeleni, ngezinye izikhathi kugibela izihlahlana nezihlahla bese kugxuma kusuka egatsheni kuya kwelinye igatsha. Iyasebenza kusuka ngoMashi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Idla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izicabucabu, ama-mollusks, izigayo nezibungu. Amajikijolo amnandi nezithelo nazo ziyadla. Ukubekwa kwamaqanda ama-5 - 13 kuze kufike ku-1.5 - 1.8 cm ubude kwenzeka ngoMeyi - Julayi. Young avele ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekuqaleni kokuwa.

UGopher

UGophers uyizihlobo zaleli qwele. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zama-gophers. Lezi zilwane zidlangile e-Asia, Europe, North America.

Ubude bomzimba wama-gophers yi-22-25 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-7-8 cm, isisindo cishe singama-0.5 kg. Uboya bazo bunzima futhi bunqabile, emuva ingekhophuzi mpunga ngombala obomvu, esiswini kukhona ukugqwala okuphuzi, kanti ngaphambili kwentamo nakuthambo kumhlophe. Ingaphansi lomhlane linombala onsundu, ingaphansi lesisu linsundu. Isizulu kanye namadevu kumnyama.

Ama-Gophers ahlala emiphakathini, kepha umuntu ngamunye uhlala emgodini ohlukile. Isikhala sokuphila sezimbobo sakhiwe ngesimo esilingana nobubanzi obungaba ngu-30-35 cm futhi silinganiswe ngotshani obomile obomile. Itholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-1-1,5 ngaphansi komhlaba futhi inendlela eyodwa yokuphuma. Abesifazane bazimbela izimbobo zabo ngokujula okuncane kunabesilisa.

Ama-Gophers achitha iningi lesikhathi sawo phezu kwenhlabathi. Lezi yizilwane ezidonsa futhi zigugile, zihlala nezihlobo zazo, ziyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Imvamisa njalo kuba ngama-gopher emilenzeni yabo yangemuva ukuze babone kangcono insimu. Baphethe ukudla emiseleni yabo enamagatsha bese bekudla lapho.

Ngokudla okunempilo, lapho kugcotshwa amafutha anele, amaduna asekhulile ayangena ezingubeni ngisho ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaJuni, bese izinsikazi ezindala zilele embhedeni, kanti nezinsizwa nazo zivutha kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Esikhathini esisuka ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba, ama-gopher aqala ukuzwakala, kwesinye isikhathi okuqhubeka kuze kuphele uMashi. Izinsuku ezingama-2-4 ngemuva kokuvuka kwentwasahlobo, isikhathi sokuzala siqala. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-25-30. Inzalo yabo miningi - kufinyelela ezinganeni eziyi-16-16.

Ubhungane oluyisidwaba

Ubhungane oluyisidwaba, kudala yabhalwa ku-Red Book njengommeleli wezinhlobo ezincane, ezidinga ukuvikelwa nokuvikelwa okukhethekile. Lokhu kutholakala kwemvelo kubizwa ngokuthi "ibhungane eliyisihlahla." Kwakungekho abaningi babo ngaphambili, kodwa manje sekungaphezulu kwalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi eyinhloko kulezi bugs akuyona ngisho nabantu (ukuqoqa mabhungane muva nje kube yinto ethokozisayo yezingane noma yabantu abadala), kodwa izinyoni. Amabhungane asezintabeni abanjwa izingwababa, ama-falcons, izinkuni, izikhova.

"Izimpondo" ezesabekayo azisebenzisi i-bug ekuzingeleni ezinye izinambuzane, kodwa "ngemiqhudelwano" emihle ngohlobo lwazo. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhungane amabutho ahlala elandela ikhodi ethile yokuhlonishwa: afuna i-duel kuphela nabaphikisi abalinganayo, agwema izingane ezingatatazeli. Kepha izingane azinikezi imvelaphi.

I-dueling imvamisa yenzeka esihlahleni somuthi. Owinile yileli bhungane elikwazi ukukhipha isitha ebhokisini lize liginqe kulo. Ngokubamba ngamandla, amabhungane angaze aphule nekhanda lesitha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona neze ingozi empilweni yakhe: ngaphansi kwebunzi elibanzi akukho zitho ezibalulekile, ngakho-ke umgodi uhlala kuphela njengobufakazi bokuzibandakanya empini.

Abesifazane bancanyana ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa kanye nokukhuluphala. Ngombala wazo, umbala obomvu wegobolondo uthathelwa indawo ngomnyama. Azinazimpondo, futhi imihlathi yazo imfishane, iqinile, ibukhali, njengamabhungane anezinkuni. Kuliqiniso, ukulunywa kwemihlathi enjalo nakho kungaba buhlungu kakhulu, kepha abesifazane bayisebenzisa njengethuluzi elisebenzayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, azalela amaqanda azo ngokungazilandeli, kodwa kwizimbobo ezijule ngokukhethekile zale nhloso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izihlahla ezinempilo, njengomthetho, azihlupheki, ngoba izintokazi zinika ukuthandwa kweziqu ezindala.

Ukhozi lwegolide

Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka nokusatshalaliswa kwazo e-Ukraine: S. America, Eurasia. E-Ukraine, ihlala kuphela ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zaseCarpathians (iLviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, ezifundeni zaseTranscarpathia). Ekufudukeni nasebusika kwenzeka yonke indawo.

Inyoni enkulu nenamandla enobude bomzimba obungu-76 kuya ku-93 cm, iphiko elinamasentimitha angama-180-240. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa, isisindo sazo zisuka ku-3.8 kuya ku-6.7 kg, kwabesilisa zingama-2.8-4 , 6 kg. Uqhwaku lufana nelokhozi: luphakama, luflathekile kusukela ezinhlangothini, lugobeke ngesimo segwegwe. Izimpaphe entanyeni ziyaphakama. Izimpiko zinde, zibanzi, zithinta izisekelo ukuze indiza yangemuva yephiko igobe njengencwadi yesiLatini S. Lesi sici siphawuleka ikakhulukazi ezinyoni ezincane. Umsila uyindilinga, mude.

Ubuningi bezinyoni ezindala, ezesilisa nezinsikazi, kusuka onsundu omnyama kuya onsundu ngombala omnyama ngezimpaphe zohlobo lwegolide entanyeni nasentabeni. Amachwane asanda kuzalwa embozwe mhlophe futhi grey phansi.

Izinkozi zeGolide zizingela umdlalo ohlukahlukene, ngokuya ngesimo sendawo nesikhathi sonyaka. Ukudla kwayo kufaka i-landhog, squirrel yomhlabathi, i-hare, i -retret, i-skunk, ufudu, squirrel, i-hedgehogs. Kuxhaphaza nezinyoni (amajuba, i-capercaillie, i-grouse emnyama, i-parridge, izigwaca, amadada, i-heron, amahansi asekhaya, isikhova, oklebe). Ama-Golden Eagles, ahlala eningizimu yebanga, adla izinyoka, amasele nokunye okuhuqayo kanye nama-amphibians.

Lapho zifuna inyamazane ngosuku olunelanga elikhanyayo, izinkozi zegolide zingakwazi ukukhuphuka phezulu isikhathi eside emoyeni, ngaphandle kokusebenza kwamaphiko. Indlela yesibili yokuzingela kwakhe iwukuzulazula phezulu. Ngosuku oluna imvula, okokhozi begolide bahlasela abaqhamuka lapho baqasha futhi bangabheka inyamazane evela esihlahleni noma ekhwebeni isikhathi eside. Lapho uqaphele inyamazane yayo, ukhozi luyacamba luwulandela, kuyilapho inyoni ikhula ngesivinini esingama-240 kuya ku-320 km / h.

Impilo, ukhozi lwegolide lukhetha izindawo ezivulekile nezingenamuntu ovulekile abantu abazivakashelayo, lawa ama-tundra, ama-tundra, amahlathi ahlanganayo futhi axuthiwe, kanye ne-steppe. Ukwakha isidleke nokuphumula, le nyoni ikhetha imigqa engafinyeleleki kalula yamadwala noma yezihlahla ezinde.

ISteppe viper

Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka nokusatshalaliswa kwazo e-Ukraine: Ukusuka e-Ukraine kuya entshonalanga. e-Altai (Russia) empumalanga. naseAzerbaijan nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeChina eseningizimu. ngaphakathi kwe-steppe, i-semi -hlane engxenyeni nengxenye ebalulekile yezindawo ezisehlathini. E-Ukraine, kuhlala i-Yu. ingxenye ye-steppe yehlathi kanye ne-steppe, kanye ne. ithambeka elikhulu leMacroan Mountain elingaba ngu-1100 m. at. m

Umzimba wenyoka ufinyelela ku-55-57 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-8-10 cm. Kwezinye izindawo zesifunda seVolga, amasampula ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu aze afike ku-61 cm.

Ikhanda eliphakeme, engxenyeni engenhla kunamapuleti abunjiwe ngokungakhethi, i-elongation ibonwa eceleni komphetho we-muzzle. Imibala isukela ku-brown kuye kwimpunga. Kukhanyisela emuva kukhona umucu wokulinganisa we-zigzag.

Izinyoka zihlala ngamaqoqo, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela kubantu abayi-160 isqhi esisodwa. M zingabalwa esikhungweni esisodwa sokuqubuka. km Izindawo zemvelo lapho kutholakala khona i-steppe viper zifaka ama-steppes, ama-steppes amahlathi, izintaba zaphansi kanye nezintaba. Ingatholakala zombili ezigabeni eziphansi futhi eziphakemeyo ezintabeni (kuze kufike ku-2700 m ngaphezu kolwandle). Imvamisa, izinyoka zaloluhlobo zihlala emithambekeni, osebeni lwamachibi, emameleni nasezigodini zikasawoti.

Lezi zinyoka zigcwele ubusika bonke.Ukuze wenze lokhu, bafuna izimbobo, imicibisholo ye-mink, imigodi emhlabathini, imigodi emthambekeni. Ikhuphukela enyangeni kaMashi-Ephreli, inyoka iqala ukubheka umlingani wayo ozoguga. Lokhu kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngabesilisa.

Ngalesi sikhathi, banolaka ikakhulukazi futhi bangahlasela umuntu. Kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti ematsheni uvame ukubona izinsikazi ezikhulelwe zilele elangeni. Njengoba sihlangane nomuntu wesilisa, ngeke ahlasele, kepha uzozama ukucasha ngokushesha otshanini.

Lezi ezihuquzelayo zithanda ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Izinyoka zidla: isikhonyane, izintethe, amakhethini, izicabucabu, izingwegwe zasemhlabeni, izimbambo, amabhere, amachwane, amaqanda enyoni, amasele, izibungu.

ISteppe polecat

Uhla lwezinhlobo nokusatshalaliswa kwazo e-Ukraine: E-Asia Ephakathi, eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude naseNingizimu-mpumalanga IYurophu Ihanjiswa kulo lonke i-Ukraine, kepha inyamalale ezindaweni eziningi.

I-steppe Ferret inyamazane eqhamuka emndenini oyi-marten, uhlobo lwe-weasel ne-ferret. Uyisihlobo esiseduze samahlathi amnyama amahlathi, i-leret yasekhaya, futhi ukhululekile ukuwela nabo.

Ama-Steppe ferrets angabameli abakhulu kakhulu bohlobo lwabo. Ubude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela ku-52-56 cm, kanti nomsila ungamasentimitha angama-18. Isisindo samaduna cishe ngamakhilogremu amabili, abesifazane - 1,2-1,5 kg. Imilenze imfishane, ihlukile emzimbeni. Izinwele ze-steppe polecat zinezinwele zangaphandle kanye nejazi eliphansi. Izinwele ezisele zinde kepha zincane. Ngalo ibonakala ngokucacile ngaphansi kogqinsi, ilula ithoni. Kwake kwaba nesikhathi, uboya obucwathile babubhekwa njengobaluleke kakhulu, babezingelwa kakhulu. Manje lokhu kudoba sekunciphile, yize izilwane zivame ukuvuthwa emapulazini obuboya.

I-stepperetret, ngokungafani nabalingani bayo basehlathini, bakhetha indawo evulekile. Uhlala emaqeleni, ezindaweni ezinamathafa namadlelo, emiseleni naseziphelweni zamahlathi. Gwema amahlathi aminyene nezindawo ezinzile. Ezindlini zabantu akuvamile kakhulu. Ihlala kokubili emathafeni, nasezintabeni eziphakeme nasezintabeni. Indawo yakhona ifinyelela ngisho nasezithabeni ze-alpine (eziphakeme ngo-3000 m ngaphezu kolwandle).

I-stepperetret ihlala emiseleni, kepha ayivimbi ukuyisebenzisa, isebenzisa izindlu zama-gophers, amabheji nezinye izilwane. Ingakhulisa umnyango omncane, kepha ishiya ikhamera eyinhloko ingafakwanga. Alukhe lukhuphuke izihlahla, kodwa lintanta kahle emanzini.

Inyoka iphethini

Uhla lwezinhlobo nokusatshalaliswa kwazo e-Ukraine: Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezirhubuluzo zePalearctic. Ibanga lisuka empumalanga. I-Ukraine nge-Yu. izifunda ze-USSR yangaphambili eya eMpumalanga Ekude naseKorea. E-Ukraine, njengamanje kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela empumalanga. i-steppe zone (ukutholakala okunokwethenjelwa kuyaziwa kusuka ezifundeni zaseDonetsk naseLugansk).

Inyoka emfushane ifinyelela ubude bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Isici salolu hlobo imibala yaso ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Kukhona abantu be-monochromatic (melancts) abebekade bahlukile kwizikhungo ezingafani ezihlukile. Kepha ngenxa yocwaningo, kwafakazelwa ukuthi ukwahluka kombala okunjalo kungokuhlukahluka kokuhlukahluka kwabantu phakathi kwemingcele yohlobo olulodwa.

Ukubukeka kwepulasitiki kwemvelo. Izitebhisi ezinamaqabunga, ezinamaqabunga avuthayo futhi anqabile, ama-tugs, izintaba ukuya ezindaweni ezinamaphayiphi ezintaba kanye nezamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, akhuphuka aze afike ku-3400 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, izikhukhula kanye nezigodi zemifula nemifudlana, imigwaqo engaphandle yemigodi, imigodi kasawoti, izindunduma zesihlabathi ezivulekile. ngezilimo, ngaphandle kwamadolobha namadolobha, amapaki nezingadi, izingadi nezivini. Ukugibela izihlahla nezihlahla kahle, kepha ukhetha indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni. Umsebenzi wansuku zonke. Emahoreni ashisayo nasebusuku, njengezindawo zokukhosela, isebenzisa imisele yezinduku, imigodi, izihlahla eziwile, izinqwaba zamatshe. Ukubhukuda kahle, kubandakanya namanzi olwandle.

Akukho mehluko osisekelo osayizi nebala labesilisa nabesifazane. Emadodeni, umsila mude unesici sokuqina lapho, ungama-cylindrical kusuka ku-anus, bese udlulela kwisigaxa. Kwabesifazane, umsila mfushane, ngaphandle kokuqina lapho kusisekelo, kugcwele. Abesifazane banenombolo enkulu yezikali zesisu.

Ingulube emnyama

Kubukeka kuyize. Izimpaphe ezimnyama zimboza umzimba ophezulu nentamo, nezimpaphe ezimhlophe esiswini. Ekhanda lenyoni kukhona "isigqoko" esibomvu.Imilenze ibuye ibe "ngamasheya" abomvu. Kuyo yonke i-Ukraine kunobuhle obunjalo obungama-400. Inani eliphakeme labantu ligxile enyakatho yezwe.

Amaqhude amnyama abhangqiwe, athembekile kubalingani kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku. Amaqhude amnyama andiza esidlekeni somndeni ezihlahleni, angawi ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-20 ngaphezu komhlaba. Eduze, ukuba khona kwechibi noma ixhaphozi kuyimpoqo.

Amantshontsho amnyama - izilwane ezibhalwe ku-Red Book of Ukraineukukhuluma, ngasikhathi sinye. Izinyoni ezindiza eNezalezhnaya ngo-Ephreli zindiza ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Ihlobo lichithwa ekuzaleni. Izinyoni ziyazifihla eNdiya nase-Afrika.

Esithombeni kunogolantethe omnyama

I-European mink

Waba mpofu ngenxa yokuthwebula uboya nokungeniswa kwe-mink yaseMelika eYurophu. Lokhu kwagcina kusinda, kunamandla amakhulu. Ukubukeka kwe-Europe akukwazanga ukumelana nomncintiswano. Ukubalwa kokugcina kombuso wezilwane e-Ukraine kwanikeza imininingwane kubantu abangama-200 kuphela.

Ngaphandle kwezwe, i-European mink futhi ayikwazanga "ukuvikela isikhundla sayo", ifakiwe ohlwini lwe-World Conservation Union. Ukuthengisa amajazi we-mink kwalokhu, vele, akubikwa.

Isisindo somuntu oyedwa wase-Europe mink asidluli ikhilogremu. Ubude bomzimba ngomsila cishe ngamasentimitha angama-50. Ukuqunjelwa akuhlukile ngobukhulu bokuzungeza. Ngakho-ke sibheka ukuthi zingaki izilwane ezizodingeka ukudala ijazi loboya.

Uma kungamadolo ubude futhi umkhiqizo ungowama-46, kuzodingeka izikhumba ezingama-30. Ngokwembono engokomfanekiso, amajazi ama-6-7 oboya agqitha kuleyo ndawo yase-Ukraine. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuvinjwa kokubamba uhlobo lwe-European, manje asathungathwa kusuka ezingubeni zezikhumba zase-American mink.

I-European mink

Muskrat

Lesi silwanyana esinezikhumba esingavikeleki esihlala echibini lomfula iSeim. Igeleza esifundeni saseSumy e-Ukraine. Akukho bantu abangaphezu kwe-500. Uhlobo lolu lugcwele emahlathini asempumalanga yeYurophu; alutholakali ngaphandle kwalo.

Ngaphandle, isilwane sibukeka njengengxube yemvukuzane ene-hedgehog, inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-0.5. Isilwane esifanayo sasiyizigidi zeminyaka edlule. Ngenxa yomlando wasendulo kanye nezinguquko ezincane ekubukekeni, indlela yokuphila, i-desman ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezinobuhlakani.

Ezikhathini zanamuhla, inani labantu abadanile liyaqhubeka lincipha, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezindawo zokuhlala. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, i -tivtivore yaqothulwa ngenxa yoboya. Wayeligugu ngenhla kwe-beaver.

Isizathu ukwakheka okukhethekile kwezinwele ze-desman. Zincane emgodini, kepha zibanzi phezulu. Ngaphandle, kwenza uboya bube mnene, kube sengathi velvet. Imithambo yangaphakathi igcina ukushisa. Kuyabanda engubeni ye-beaver.

Ngaphandle kwezikhumba zedesmond, zazizingelwa imfihlo yezinduna zemisipha. Engxenyeni ye-19 neyokuqala yekhulu lama-20, lolu ketshezi yilona kuphela olwasebenza ngempumelelo lapho kwenziwa amakha.

Isithombeni esibonisa isithombe

I-squirrel emhlabathini emincane

Kuze kube yiminyaka yama-2000s, i-Ukraine ibihlala igcwele. Manje kunamaqembu ahlukile esifundeni saseKharkiv. Ukuphathwa kwamasimu ngamakhemikhali kuye kwalimaza abantu. Kuthinte ubuningi bezinhlobo nokubhujiswa kwezindawo ezihlala kuzo.

Bahlala emasimini lapho kuhlala khona umhlaba wezolimo, isikwati somhlaba sidla emasimini, sibambe. Ngokuvamile, ngokombono wabalimi, i-rodent iyisilokazane. Ngakho-ke, azizange zisindise ama-gopher. Ezinye zazo zaba ngumthombo wohlanga olishibhile. Unamabala. Kungakho igama lezinhlobo.

Uhlelo lwakamuva lweNcwadi Ebomvu yase-Ukraine lukhuluma ngesibalo sabantu abagcwele izinkulungwane. Okwamanje ayikabalwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini, kepha izinhlobo ziyafakwa engozini.

I-squirrel emhlabathini emincane

Ikati lehlathi

Umsunguli wezikati ezifuywayo - ikati lasehlathini lisahlala emahlathini aminyene ahlanganisiwe. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane buvela engxenyeni yemitha nangaphezulu, ukukhula kungama-35 cm, futhi anesisindo kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-8 kg. Ikati lasehlathini libukeka lifana kakhulu nekati lasekhaya elinemibala grey, linombala onsomi onsundu, lapho imicu emnyama ibonakala khona ngalezi zilwane.

Ikati lesithombe sehlathi

I-Shatsky eel

Ihlala eLakesby Lakes. Angama-30 awo, wonke atholakala esifundeni saseVolyn. Ukubuka okungafani eLwandle lweSargasso. Ukusuka kuleli phuzu le-Atlantic, u-fry ugijimela emifuleni yaseYurophu, ufike eLake Scyaz. Kwezinye izindawo zokugcina inethiwekhi zeShatsk, i-eel ayivelakancane.

Njengoba iShatsky eel ingumthombo ophambili weholo labantu bendawo, ukudoba kuvunyelwe, kepha imingcele yayo isunguliwe. Ukubamba okungavamile okulethwa ezindaweni zokudlela. Imishayo yezinhlanzi ze-Shatsky fishhi yaziswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidalwa senyoka sikleliswe ku-Red Book of Ukraine.

Qaphela ukuthi i-eel ejwayelekile yafakwa ohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini yokuphela. Isetshenziselwa i-sushi eJapan. Izici zokunambitheka kwezinhlanzi zinhle kangangokuba amathoni angama-70,000-80,000 abanjwa njalo ngonyaka. Ngaphansi kokugada, le nhlobo yathathwa yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature ngonyaka ka-2008.

UShatsky eel osesithombeni

Ngesinye isikhathi, wayehlala ezifundeni zaseLviv, eChernihiv, eVolyn naseKiev E-Ukraine. Yiziphi izilwane zeNcwadi ebomvu? Amakhulu amakhulu, ahamba ngesineke, ngezinselo ezibunjiwe, imizimba enamandla nezindwangu eziqinile, ezilengayo.

Ngekhulu lama-21, ubona kuphela ezindaweni zasekhaya zezwe kanye nezindawo ezivikelekile zamahlathi. Kalula nje, izinhlobo zaqothuka endle yase-Ukraine, kodwa zagcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokwenziwa.

Inyathi ehlobene nenyathi. Lezi zokugcina zibhekwa njengezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-United States. E-Yurobhu, isihloko esingesibhakela. Umuntu oyedwa - amakhilogremu angama-700-800 wesisindo.

Ubukhulu abukubihli ukudlala kwethathi. Zigxumela izithiyo eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Izilwane zilungele izinto ezinjalo, zibaleka, ngokwesibonelo, ezivela kubazingeli. Njengoba lolu hlobo luphinde lwasebenza, ukubanjwa kwalo ngenxa yesikhumba nenyama kwakusenziwa ngabantu bakudala.

Esithombeni ibhungane

Ingadi yegumbi

I-rodent esengozini etholakala esifundeni saseCherkasy, eRivne naseKiev e-Ukraine. Isilwane sanda amahlathi emvelo. Ukuncipha kwabo kuholele ekunciphiseni kwenani lezinhlobo. Ukuwa kwenhlanzeko sekuphenduke kaningi.

Izihlahla ezifile, ezibolile nezingenamikhawulo ziyahlanzwa, zenze indawo yokuba namahlumela amancane. Izingadi zokulala ezingadini zilahlekelwa izindlu zobusika. Ngokungafani namagundane amaningi, izilwane ezibomvu ze-Red Book azithandi ukumba izimbobo emhlabathini.

Naphezu kokubukeka okuhle, i-dormouse iyisisulu sokuphanga. Imenyu ye-rodent ifaka namajikijolo, izithelo, okusanhlamvu. Kepha, isabelo sabo ekudleni asidluli kuma-40%. Okusele yizinambuzane, izibungu namanye ama-invertebrates.

Isonto ngaphandle kwabo kuholela uSonya ku-stupor, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngomqondo ongokoqobo. Isilwane siyayeka ukuhamba, sibheke endaweni eyodwa. Ngalezo zikhathi, uSonya usengcupheni, kepha akanamandla okulwa impilo.

Ingadi yegumbi

Trout

I-Trout ibhalwe ku-Red Book of Ukraine. Ngakho-ke, ezweni elisondele ekuqothulweni, cishe lonke usalimoni. I-Trout yigama elihlanganisiwe labangu-19 bokubhaliswa kwabo. E-Ukraine, kufakwa amanzi amasha. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bakhula babe yingxenye yemitha ubude. Ukuze uqhathanise, abantu basolwandle baphindwe kabili kunalokho.

Naphezu kokuvinjelwa kokudoba, ama-trout e-Ukraine ayaqhubeka nokuvunwa. Okuhlukile ubusuku busuku. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingenakuphikwa, i-trout yenqaba ukuzingela nokubhukuda ebusweni bezidumbu zamanzi ebusuku, lapho isiphuphutheki soMhlaba sibonakala kahle.

Ntambama, nasefolini yezinhlanzi ezingenanyanga, kuthuthukiswa isivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-30 ngehora. Lokhu kunjalo nokumelana kwamanzi, imisinga. Amarekhodi aphakathi kwezinhlanzi zasemfuleni.

Izinhlanzi ze-Trout

Isigaxa esenziwe ngombala ophuzi

I-Amphibian ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini, ihlala eCarathiathi nasezintabeni. Kunamaxoxo angaphansi kwenkulungwane. Amahlane abo aluhlaza okotshani, ophethe i-olive tint. Isisu sento siphuzi, njengoba negama lisho.

Ngokwesizinda esikhanyayo kukhona amabala amnyama. Umbala umehluko ukhombisa ubuthi bezinhlobo. Kepha lokhu akuvimbi izinyoka, izimila kanye nama-hedgehogs. Isinaphi sidliswa yizinyosi zomhlaba, ama-dipterans, izimbungulu ezincane.

Isinaphi esinezimbali siphuzi siginya inyamazane yaso ngokoqobo. Akukho ukunyakaza okwenzeka ngolimi olukhishwe. Imisipha esesemlonyeni we-frog-frog ihlelwe ngokuhlukile kunaleyo eyenziwe ngama-congeners. Kufanele sivule imilomo yethu ngobubanzi futhi siziphonse kulabo esihlukunyezwa nabo.

Ebusika, ubuhlalu buba hibernate. Cishe ama-40% abantu ababuya kuwo. Ngakho-ke, amasele avame ukuhlala eduze neziphethu ezishisayo. Ngenhlanhla, atholakala eTranscarpathia. Amanzi ashisayo anikeza ubuhlalu amandla okuhlala uphapheme unyaka wonke.

Isigaxa esenziwe ngombala ophuzi

Isikhumba esinezimpawu ezimbili

Bahlala e-Ukraine namalulwane.Abantu bonke bababiza amalulwane. Eqinisweni, hhayi wonke amalulwane angamagundane, kodwa wonke angawezilwane ezincelisayo.

Isikhumba esinamaphimbo amabili siphakathi kwabo abasengozini, sisetshenziselwa ukuhlala ezimotweni, ezakhiweni ezilahliwe, ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu zedolobha. Abantu abayithandi le ndawo, futhi bachitha umbono, bebakhipha emakhaya abo.

Iphiko lase-Ukraine elinemibala emibili liqanjwe ngegama lombala walo. Ngaphansi izinwele zezilwane zimnyama, futhi phezulu licishe libe mhlophe. Umbono jikelele wezinwele zama-bat uyisiliva. Intamo yesilwane ihlotshiswe ngensimbi emhlophe.

E-Ukraine, lesikhumba sitholakala yonke indawo. Isilwane siwele kwiBhuku eliBomvu ngenxa yenani elincane labantu. Amakoloni emouse ayindlala, yize asakazeke ezweni lonke.

Isikhumba esinezimpawu ezimbili

I-Chupacabra

Sigcwalisa uhlu lwezilwane ezivela eNcwadini ebomvu ese-Ukraine. Ngenkathi ososayensi bethi ayikho i-chupacabra, imininingwane ngokuhlaselwa kwakhe ezimbuzini ivela esifundeni saseKiev kanye nesifunda saseRivne.

Ofakazi bokuzibonela bakhuluma ngezidalwa ezingenazinwele ezinama-fangs abukhali nesakhiwo somzimba esifana ne-kangaroo. Isilo sasibizwa ngokuthi yi-chupacabra ngokuhlanganisa amagama esiSpanish athi chupar kanye ne-cábra.

Owokugcina uhumusha ngokuthi "imbuzi," kanti owokuqala athi "ncela." Zonke izinkomba zesilo zihlobene nokuhlaselwa kwezimbuzi. Umhlaseli uphuza igazi labo, kepha angadli nyama. Ngakho-ke uma i-chupacabra ikhona, iyi-vampire phakathi kwezilwane.

Mhlawumbe lokhu kushiwo isithombe se-chupacabra.

Ukutholakala kokushiwo kwe-chupacabra kungubufakazi benani lezinhlobo ezimbalwa nesizathu sokukufaka encwadini ebomvu. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bafunde imizimba eminingana ye-chupacabras. Kuze kube manje, aphenduka ama-raccoon nezimpungushe.

Zijwayele ukuba namabala. Lesi sifo sidala ukusula izindwani zoboya, sishayele ekuhlanya, siguqula ukubukeka kwezilwane. Kungani, bengazi, bahlasela izimbuzi kuphela? Ososayensi, kuze kube manje, abayitholanga impendulo yalo mbuzo wabalimi abahlambi babo bahlaselwa yi-chupacabras.