Thomas retterath / Izithombe ze-Getty
Ezinyamelweni eziningi, izinsikazi zinkulu kunezabesilisa, kodwa ezincelweni eziningi ezinkulukazi kuyiqiniso. UMarcelo Cassini, ongumcwaningi e-Institute of Biology kanye ne-Experimental Medicine e-Argentina, ushicilele iphepha ephephabhukwini i-Mammal Review, ekuvumela ukuthi uvule umgubuzelo lokugcina izimfihlo ngalolu daba.
Ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo, izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Ngokudabukisayo, ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo, i-dimorphism yezocansi ngokobukhulu ibhekelwa kwabesilisa. Ukuchaza lo mkhuba, ososayensi bahlongoza imibono eminingi. Kuze kube manje, incazelo evame ukwamukelwa ukuthi i-dimorphism yezocansi ezilwaneni ezincelisayo iye yathuthuka ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezocansi kubantu besilisa.
Umcwaningi wenze ucwaningo lwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingama-50 zezinhlobo zezinyoni futhi wasebenzisa indlela encane yezikwele lapho ubungako bezinto zobulili buyehluka khona, futhi izinkomba ezichazwe ngenhla zasebenza njengazimele. Ngenxa yalokhu, usosayensi wakhombisa ukuthi izinga le-dimorphism yezocansi lihlobene ngqo nezinkomba ezine - isilinganiso sobulili, uhlelo lokuqhathanisa, ukuncintisana namaphesenti ezenzo zezocansi zeqembu.
Emsebenzini wakhe, uCassini uphetha ngokuthi emaqenjini amakhulu, amadoda angahle alahlekelwe ukulawulwa kokuziphatha kwamanye amalungu eqembu noma anciphise amathuba okuzala kwamanye. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kulondolozwe izinhlobo zazo zensikazi, abesilisa kumele babe bankudlwana ukuze bakwazi ukusizakala ngaphezu kwabanye abantu futhi babhekane nenani elikhulu labesifazane. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo zezinsikazi ezinkulu zindluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kocwaningo, indima ye-dimorphism yezocansi idlalwa ngokukhethwa kwemvelo, hhayi ukukhethwa kwezocansi kuphela.
Ondlunkulu besilisa bafunda ukuthola ukungathembeki "kwama-halves" abo. Bafinyelela iziphetho ngokuya ngokuziphatha kwabesifazane futhi bayakwazi “ukuzijezisa” ngokuya “ngakwesobunxele”.
Iqembu lososayensi baseBrithani nabaseJalimane benze ucwaningo lokuthi ondlunkulu besilisa basabela kanjani ekungathembeki kwabesifazane babo, futhi baphetha ngokuthi izinyoni ziyakwazi lokhu kuziphatha komlingani. Ngokuziphindisela, abesilisa babeka umzamo omncane ekondleni inzalo yabo, okwakungavusa insikazi ukuba ithembeke. Umbhalo ohambelana nawo ushicilelwa ku- I-American Naturalist.
Ezimpondweni zasendle, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane azikwazi ukubheka kuphela imilozi eqinile (izimpisi zasendle), noma isithembu esivulekile (izinja ezidukelayo), kodwa futhi nezinketho eziningi eziphakathi. Ondlunkulu abavamile banesimo esinjena. Njengamasiko amaningi kubantu, i-monogamy iyinto evamile kulezi zinyoni, kepha ezinye izintokazi zithambekele ekuphingeni, kwesinye isikhathi zihlelekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, izazi zesayensi yezempilo zesayensi yezempilo zesibeletho kudala zibona ukuthi abesilisa abaphila nabesifazane abangathembekile baletha ukudla okuncane kwamachwane esidlekeni. Kodwa-ke, kwahlala kungacaci ukuthi sasiyini isizathu salokhu: ukusabela "kokukhashelwa" komlingani, noma iqiniso lokuthi abesifazane abanjalo babevame ukubhanqaniswa ngowesilisa oyivila.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwavela ukuthi ukuvilapha kwabesilisa kungenzeka kube yincazelo yokwehla komsebenzi wabo ekukhishweni kokudla uma kwenzeka ngokungathembeki kumlingani. Ngakho-ke, lapho owesilisa, ngasizathu simbe, eshintsha kusuka "kumlingani" othembekile "kuye" ongalungile ", imizamo yakhe yokuletha ukudla esidlekeni yancipha, yize undlunkulu ngokwakhe ehlala emile ngendlela efanayo. Kuyiqiniso, lapho ondlunkulu abangathembekile benza umbhangqwana nowesilisa owaletha inyamazane ethe xaxa, baqala ukushintshashintsha “abashade” babo, yize babevame ukungayeki nakancane le ndlela yokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, imizamo yokondla kondlunkulu besilisa inqunywa ngokuziphatha kwabangane babo, hhayi ngokukhuthala kokuzala noma ubuvila.
Ukucacisa kahle ukuthi undlunkulu ufunda kanjani ngokukopela, ososayensi bahlola. Amaqanda abanye abantu aphonswa izidleke zemibhangqwana ethembekile futhi abheke ukubona ukuthi ingabe imizamo yamaduna yokuthola ukudla kwama-broods iyaguqulwa yini. Ekugcineni, lokhu akwenzekanga. Ngakho-ke, kwacaca ukuthi ukungathembeki kunqunywa ngondlunkulu besilisa hhayi ngezici eziqondene namaqanda abekiwe (ngokwesibonelo, iphunga labo), kodwa ngokuziphatha kowesifazane ongathembekile. Izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zikholelwa ukuthi ondlunkulu besilisa bangaqondiswa ukuthi ungakanani undlunkulu engaphandle kwesidleke sabo esijwayelekile esikhathini ngaphambi kokuza kweqanda.
Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, indlela ebonwa yibo “ukukhiqizwa okuncane ngenxa yokuvukela umbuso” ingachaza ngokwengxenye izizathu zokukhethwa komgxobo wezinhlobo ezithile. Lapho izinsikazi ziziphatha ngokungahambisani nemigomo ebekiwe yezinhlobo zazo, ziba sengozini yokuthola ukondleka okuthe xaxa kwamathole azo. Ngakho-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthembeka kungaba yicebo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, isazi sezinto eziphilayo saseRussia u-Alexander Markov, ekhuluma ngokubhekiswa kokuzala kocansi, undunankulu uthi abantu besifazane abangathembekile bathanda ukuzishada “ngasohlangothini” nabesilisa abanophawu olucace kakhulu “lobudoda” - ibala elimnyama phakathi esifubeni. Abantu abanjalo bangashiya inzalo enamandla futhi enempilo, okuthi ngokwezinga elithile ifinyelele ekushonelweni kondli oluvela 'kubaba wokutholwa.'