UMouflon ungomunye wabamele ubudala bezilwane. Lama-artiodactyls abhekwa njengamadlozi ezimvu ezifuywayo. Ngisho nalabo abangakaze babone inqama yasendle bazokwazi ukuyibona ngezimpondo zayo eziyindilinga.
Mouflon Mountain Ram Isimilo
Ama-mouflons asendle ajwayelekile kulo lonke elase-Easia, kepha, ngenxa yesakhiwo esingajwayelekile sezimpondo kanye nejazi loboya obubalulekile, azingelwa emazweni amaningi. Ukuqothulwa kwesibalo sabantu ngabantu kuholele ekutheni ezinye izinhlobo zeMouflon zibhalwe kwi-Red Book. Namuhla, izilwane ezinjalo zigcinwa ezindaweni ezigcinwe ezitolo nasezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, futhi kwamanye amazwe ziyafuywa ekhaya.
Ububanzi nezinhlobo zezilwane
IMouflon isilwane esinezimbali ezingama-artiodactyl, indawo okuyo kuhlala kuyo izintaba. Lezi zimvu zithathwa njengokhokho bezimvu ezifuywayo futhi zingomunye wabamele basendulo bezilwane.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lokuzalela, oluhlukile kwangaphandle nendawo yazo yokuhlala:
- I-European mouflon,
- I-Asia Mouflon yasendle, noma i-Arkal.
Izinhlobo zohlobo olunamakhanda zaseYurophu zihlala ogwini lwezintaba zoLwandle iMedithera, ikakhulukazi abameleli bazo bahlala:
I-European Mouflon ihlala e-Armenia nase-Iraq. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kungatholakala naseCrimea, lapho bekungeniswa kusuka emazweni aseningizimu. UMouflon uzivumelanise nesimo sezulu seCrimea, futhi uhola ubukhona bokuzinikela ezitolo. Emazweni aseYurophu, kubhekwa njengezimvu zasezintabeni zokugcina ezihlala endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Inqama yasendle yase-Asia ihlukile ezinhlotsheni zaseYurophu ngesakhiwo sayo esikhulu somzimba, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpondo zezinqama zasendle ezisempumalanga zijijekile emuva, hhayi ezinhlangothini. Ungahlukanisa phakathi kwe-European and Asia mouflon ngesithombe.
Indawo ye-artiodactyl esempumalanga iseningizimu ye-Asia. IMouflon itholakala emazweni anjengalawa:
I-Arkal iyatholakala nasensimini yeKazakhstan, lapho abantu bendawo behlonipha le artiodactyl. Izimvu ze-Ustyurt zitholakala ezintabeni zaseMangyshlak nase-Ustyurt.
Ukubukeka
I-European mouflon, i-moufrone (izimvu), i-moufra (izimvu) - izimvu zasendle, ezintabeni eziphakeme zeCorsica naseSardinia, okuyizimvu zasendle zaseYurophu kuphela. Ihlanganisiwe eCrimea. Ijazi lelo limfushane, lifanelekile kahle, liqhakaze esifubeni, uhlangothi olungaphezulu lubomvu onsundu ehlobo ngomhlane omnyama, isifuba sinsundu ebusika, uhlangothi olungezansi lumhlophe, ubude bonke besilisa bungu-1.25 m, ubude bawo buyi-10 cm , owesilisa ukhule kakhulu, unxantathu ophambanweni lwesigaba sesiphondo, ukuya ku-65 cm ubude, ngama-3040 folds, isisindo sowesilisa 40-50 kg. Insikazi ilula, incane futhi ihlala ingenazimpondo, izimpondo zezinsikazi zitholakala kuphela ezimeni ezihlukile, bese zincane kakhulu.
I-mouflon yentaba iTranscaucasi iyinqama yobukhulu obuphakathi noma ephansi kancane. Ukuphakama emahlombe kungama-84-92 cm, ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-150 cm. Isisindo samadoda ngamakhilogremu angama-53-79, kuthi abesifazane kube ngu-34-6 kg. Ama-mouflons ama-Transcaucasian ngokuvamile akhulu kunezimvu ezifuywayo. Imizimba yabo iqinile futhi incanyana. Izimpondo zikhulu, zasontiwe, zangunxantathu, futhi aziqedi ukuvukela. Izimpondo zigobile kuqala ngaphandle nangaphezulu, bese zehlela phansi, iziphetho zaphenduka kancane zaya ngaphakathi. Izimpondo zabesilisa zihlukahluka kakhulu ngobude nangobukhulu, ukuzala kwabo phansi kungamasentimitha angama-21-30. Izimpondo zezinsikazi zincanyana, zithambile, zigobile kancane, zivame ukungabikho ngokuphelele. Ezimpondweni, imibimbi eminingi eguqukayo iyabonakala.
Isigaxa kwabesilisa singama-225- 297 mm ubude, kuthi kwabesifazane kube ngu-208-264 mm ngenxenye emfushane yangaphambili. I-fossae ye-preorbital ijulile. Ubude bezinqubo ezi-horny budlula ukuzala kwabo ezansi. Emhlathini ophansi kunamazinyo amathathu anezimpande ohlangothini ngalunye.
Umbala
Ehlobo, ama-mouflon ase-Asia anombala obomvu-onsundu noma ophuzi ngokubomvu noboya obufushane. Ebusika, umbala u-brownish, onamathoni abomvu akhule kahle. Isisu nengaphakathi lemilenze zilula, ngombala ophuzi noma omhlophe. Kukhona i-band emnyama egqumeni, ephinyiselwe ngokwengeziwe ezilwaneni ezindala. Ngaphansi kwentamo, ama-mouflons ase-Asia ngokuvamile ane-mane yezinwele ezimnyama nezinsundu. Ama-mouflon amancanyana ambozwe ngoboya obumpunga obumpunga.
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, i-mouflon yase-Asia iqala ukuncibilika, imvamisa iphela ngoMeyi. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti kukhona i-hairline ehlobo. NgoSepthemba, uboya obusika buqala ukuvela, okuthi kuze kube nguDisemba kukhule ngokugcwele.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ama-mouflon asendle aseYurophu asinda eziqhingini zaseCorsica naseSardinia kuphela, kepha azinza kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeYurophu. Ihlanganisiwe eCrimea. Ihlala izikhala ezivulekile ngokunethezeka okuwela kancane, imithambeka yezentaba emnene. Igcinwa imihlambi ehlanganisiwe, kwesinye isikhathi inkulu kakhulu. Ehlobo, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala ngokwehlukana. Esikhathini sokuzala, esenzeka ekwindla, kuqubuka izimpikiswano phakathi kwabesilisa.
IMouflon yase-Asia isatshalaliswa isuka eTranscaucasia nasezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zeTurkmenistan neTajikistan eLwandle iMedithera nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeNdiya. Ngo-ekwindla ka-2018, i-mouflon yatholakala ethafeni lase-Ustyurt entshonalanga neKazakhstan.
Mouflons nendoda
Ukuzingela ama-mouflons bekulokhu kuqhubeka kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ukuqhakanjiswa ngempumelelo kwe-mouflon yaseYurophu kubaluleke kakhulu ngokwesayensi futhi kungokoqobo, ngoba kungakhulisa ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezizingelayo ezifuna ukuzingela nezentengiselwano. Ama-Mouflons anikeza inyama enambitha, isikhumba. Njengokhokho wezimvu ezifuywayo, i-mouflon yakheka kalula isiphambano phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimvu, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yazo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ingaba yifomu lokuqala lokuhlanganiswa kabusha. Isazi uMF. Ivanov, esebenzisa i-mouflon, wafuya uhlobo olusha lwezimvu - i-merino yasezintabeni, engadlela emadlelo asezintabeni unyaka.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yezimvu zasendle
Ama-Artiodactyls akhetha indlela yokuphila efudukayo. Indlela yokunyakaza kwabo imvamisa ibekwa phakathi kokunisela izimbobo kanye namadlelo. Izilwane zihlala endaweni emincane yezintaba. Ngokungafani nezimbuzi zasendle, ama-Arkals azizwa engavikelekile ezindaweni ezinamadwala.
Izinqama zasendle zihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku, zilala ntambama ezintabeni noma emahlathini asezintabeni. Izinsikazi ezinamawundlu zakha umhlambi wezilwane ezingaba yikhulu.
Abesilisa bathanda indlela yokuphila bebodwa, bajoyine umhlambi ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ama-Artiodactyls abonakala ngohlelo oluqinile lwe-hierarchical system: abesilisa abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 abavunyelwe ukushada futhi abantu abakhulu baxoshwe.
Endle esilwaneni, izisulu zemvelo yilezi:
Kwezilwane ezincane, impungushe noma inja yasendle ingaba yingozi.
I-Artiodactyl Ingaphandle
Abamele izinhlobo zohlobo lwaseYurophu bancane kunezimvu ezifuywayo. Ama-Artiodactyls alezi zinhlobo anezici ezinjalo:
- Ukuphakama kwenqama endala kungamasentimitha angama-90, ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha ayi-131.
- Isisindo sowesifazane sifinyelela kuma-30 kg, owesilisa uvame ukuba nesisindo esingama-50 kg ngenxa yezimpondo ezisindayo.
- Iminyaka yesilwane inqunywa ukukhula okufana nokwendandatho ezimpondweni.
- Owesifazane uvame ukungabi nampondo noma unezimpondo ezincane.
- Ijazi elinamachashazi anombala lishintsha umbala, kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka: ehlobo, umbala wezinwele unombala obomvu, ebusika umthunzi uba mnyama.
IMouflon iboniswa umucu omnyama ngemuva. Isisu, impumulo nezinselo kuvame ukukhanya ngombala.
Abamele uhlobo lohlobo lwase-Asia banesakhiwo esikhulu somzimba, futhi nentshebe ebusweni nayo iyimpawu yama-mouflons ase-Armenia. Ingaphandle lenqama yasendle yasempumalanga ifaka phakathi izici ezinjalo:
- Ukuphakama kwesilwane esidala kufinyelela ku-95 cm, futhi ubude bomzimba bu-150 cm.
- Isisindo sowesilisa siyahluka kusuka ku-53 kuya ku-80 kg, kuye ngesisindo sezimpondo. Izinsikazi zifinyelela isisindo esingama-45 kg.
- Izimpondo zabesilisa ziguquliwe emuva; zinobubanzi obungama-30 cm ezansi.
- Abesifazane bavame ukungabi nampondo.
Umbala wejazi le-Arkalov uyafana nezihlobo zaseYurophu, noma kunjalo, umbala omhlophe we-sternum ubonakala ngokuzalela ngasempumalanga.
Ukudla kwezimvu zasendle
Ama-Mouflons ama-herbivores, ngakho-ke ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwawo ukudla okusanhlamvu namakhanda. Isilwane kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala embewini, lapho kulimaze isivuno.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwe-artiodactyl kuqukethe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Ukudla okuluhlaza: utshani izimpaphe, utshani kakolweni, sedge,
- izihlahla nezihlahla ezincane,
- amakhowe namajikijolo,
- moss, lichen.
Ebusika, ama-artiodactyls akhipha izimpande zezitshalo ngaphansi kweqhwa. Amajikijolo ama-Wormy kanye nama-scavenger ayaziswa ngama-herbivores ngoba anikeza umzimba amaprotheni adingekayo.
Ukuzalela kwe-Artiodactyl
Izinsikazi zaseMouflon zifinyelela ebusheni eminyakeni emi-2, okubhekwa njengokuvuthwa okushesha kakhulu phakathi kwabanye abamele ama-artiodactyls. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-5, emva kwalokho kuzelwe imvana eyodwa noma ezimbili.
Amawundlu ame ngosuku lwawo lokuqala futhi ayakwazi ukulandela umhlambi. Imvamisa, ukuzalwa kwenzalo kwehla ngoMashi nango-Ephreli, ngoba kulula ukukhulisa amawundlu ngenkathi efudumele.
Isilinganiso sokuphila kwenqama yasendle yiminyaka eyi-15. Ama-mouflons aseYurophu azalela kangcono ekudingisweni. Ngokungafani ne-European, i-Mouflon yasendle yase-Asiya ayizali kahle emasimini.
UMouflon nendoda
Uhlobo lwaseYurophu lwezimvu zasendle lusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekuzaleni. Ngokusekelwe kulolu hlobo, izinhlobo ezintsha zezimvu ezifuywayo ziye zaklanywa, ezikwazi ukufuya unyaka wonke emadlelo asezintabeni. Inyama eyakhiwe ngotshani yaseYurophu inokunambitheka okuhle, kanti isikhumba siyasetshenziswa embonini elula.
Ebusika, i-hairline yesilwane iba mnene futhi ibe mnene, ngakho-ke, amajazi oboya enziwa kusuka kuma-mouflons emazweni asenyakatho. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezimfanelo ezinhle kwamanye amazwe, akwenziwa kuphela ukuzingela kwe-mouflon yasendle, kodwa nokufuya izilwane emapulazini.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
UMouflon - isilwane sezinqama zohlobo lwe-genus, yi-artiodactyls ebomvu. Ama-Mouflons ayizihlobo eziseduzane zezimvu zasendle. Zonke izilwane ezivela kuhlobo lwezinqama zinezici eziningi zokuhlukanisa ezitholakala kubamele abaningi.
- ukukhula lapho kubuna kuze kube ngu-65 cm, kwabesifazane kuze kufike ku-125 cm emadodeni,
- abakaze (noma ngokungafani - kwezinye izinhlobo) bashintshe ijazi labo, kepha umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka ekukhanyeni kuya cishe kumnyama,
- abesilisa bavame ukuthwala imbobo entanyeni, namaduna amadala, kanye nobucuku obukhulu,
- Izimvu zivame ukudidaniswa nezimbuzi, kepha izici ezihlukile ukuntuleka kwesilevu ebusweni nezimpondo ezigobile (ezimbuzi ziqondile),
- izinqama ziphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10-12,
- Izimvu zinezimpondo ezigogeke ngaphakathi, kanti amadala amaduna, aqhubeka nezimpondo futhi aqine.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngezinye izikhathi, ezinqameni ezindala, izimpondo zifinyelela ubude kangangokuba ziqala ukunamathela ngamaphethelo abukhali kugebhezi, zikhula zingene kuwo. Abanye abantu bafa ngenxa yezimpondo zabo.
Isisindo sezimvu siyahlukahluka - kungaba ngabantu abaphakathi kosayizi abangafika kuma-20 kg, kanye nama-giants angama-200 kg. Kunezinhlobo eziningi kuhlobo, ngayinye yazo enenombolo ethile yama-chromosomes. Ngaphandle kokwehluka ngobuningi, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zingahlangana. IGenetics isebenzise leli thuba ukuthola inzalo esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ephumelelayo yezimvu ezifuywayo, ezinothile ngoboya, inyama nomlingiswa okhalazayo.
I-Habitat nezimpawu ze-mouflon
Idlozi lezimvu ezifuywayo lithathwa njengelincane lezimvu zasezintabeni, mouflon. Isilwane ama-artiodactyls, izilwane ezincelisayo, izibani, izixha, zezingezimbuzi ezingaphansi kwenqama nezinqama.
Ukuphakama komuntu omdala kufinyelela kumamitha angama-0.9, ubude bamamitha ayi-1,3. Isisindo sowesifazane, cishe amakhilogremu angama-30, owesilisa angaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-50, ngenxa yobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele bezimpondo. Ubudala be-Mouflon Kulula ukuqaphela ngokubala izindandatho zonyaka ezimpondweni zakhe; kuduna kukhona ezinkulu futhi zisontiwe, kuyilapho ezinsikazi zincanyana, zibonakala kalula futhi ziyisicaba.
Izinwele zesilwane zimfushane futhi zibushelelezi, umbala uyashintsha kusuka enkathini kuye ngesizini, unombala obomvu ehlobo nobisi olunsundu obusika. Isembozo sohlobo sasehlobo sihlala kuze kube ngu-Agasti, bese sithathelwa indawo yi-coarser ne-brittle more version yasebusika.
Isilwane sinesici esisodwa esijabulisayo, kusukela ekhanda kuye emsileni omfishane, umucu omnyama omncane odlula kuwo wonke emuva. Impumulo, ufudu kanye nezinselo, kumhlophe.
Hlukanisa phakathi kwe-European and Asia mouflon, ebizwa nangokuthi Ustyurt mouflon noma umphongolo. Kunezici ezimbalwa kakhulu ezihlukanisa phakathi kwabo, isihlobo sase-Asia sikhudlwana futhi, ngokweqiniso, ngalinye linendawo yalo. Emkhunjini, lawa iTajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan neTurkey. Ustyursky uhlala endaweni yaseKazakhstan, esifundeni sase-Ustyurt naseMangyshlak.
Izindawo zokuhlala zase-Europe ezisezindaweni eziphakeme zaseCyprus, Sardinia naseCorsica zitholakala e-Armeni Highlands nase-Iraq. Ikakhulu, kuhlonishwa abantu bendawo yaseCyprus, baqapha inani le-mouflon, futhi bamkhulekele, njengophawu lwesimo salesi siqhingi. Zivame ukuboniswa ezinhlakeni zemali nasezigxotsheni, iCyprus kulokhu akukho okuhlukile, njengoba kunjalo nangezakhamizi zaseKazakhstan.
Thuthela ngokuya ngendawo yamadlelo nezindawo zokugcina. Bazizwa bekhululekile kakhudlwana emithambekeni emincane yezintaba nasezintabeni, ezindaweni ezinamadwala abaziphathi ngokuzethemba njengezimbuzi zasendle. Lapho isisemaphethelweni womgodi ongelasha noma wedwala, i-mouflon iba namandla ngokuphelele.
Uma isilwane sizwa ingozi, singashesha sizulazule endaweni evulekile ngenkathi sikhipha amasignali omsindo futhi abukhali. Emvelweni, izisulu ezinkulu zingabizwa ngokuthi izitha ze-mouflon; kubantu abasha, impungushe nayo ingaba yingozi.
Ividiyo: Mouflon
Zonke izinqama ziyizilwane zasemini, okuyinto ejwayelekile kumakhambi e-herbivores, yize ebusuku zingaya ezansi ezindaweni eziphansi ziyoklaba otshanini. Izinsikazi ezinamawundlu zakha ama-harems aphethwe ngowesilisa oyedwa ovelele. Kepha abesilisa bahlala njengeqembu elihlukile lapho kunendawo ebusayo eqinile. Kusungulwa ngobude bezimpondo (abanezimpondo ezinde, eziqine ngokwedlulele) noma besebenzisa izibonakaliso. Abesilisa bakhombisa amandla abo ezimpini ezimpondweni, kwesinye isikhathi izimpi ezinjalo zifinyelela ekufeni kwabaphikisi.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezimvu zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba: imilenze yazo iguqulwa ukuze ihamba ematsheni nasemadwaleni, futhi kukhona nezidlanzana ezimbalwa lapho. Kepha kunezinhlobo zezimvu ezihlala ogwadule nasezintabeni.
Umsoco we-Mouflon
Ama-Mouflons ama-herbivores, adla okusanhlamvu namanye amakhambi, angabonakala emasimini kakolweni. Bajabulela amahlumela amasha ezihlahla nezihlahlana ngentokozo.
Ukudla kwesilwane kufaka izitshalo zasensimini kanye namajikijolo, amagxolo namahlamvu ezihlahla zezithelo, ama bulbu ezinye izitshalo ezithathwa yi-mouflon ngaphansi komhlaba. Bajwayele ukuya ezindaweni zokuphuza, i-mouflon inqamaengaphuza namanzi anosawoti kakhulu.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isilwane mouflon zohlobo olushesha ukwedlula abanye abamele uhlobo lwezimvu, lufikisa eminyakeni emibili. Izinsikazi zaseMouflon zizala izinyanga ezingaba mihlanu, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe umntwana oyedwa, okuvame ukuba kube ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoMashi nango-Ephreli, ngosuku lokuqala iwundlu le-mouflon selivele linezinyawo zalo futhi lidla nokugxuma. Isikhathi sokuphila sesilwane siyiminyaka eyi-12- 17.
IMouflon isilwane sezinkomo, izinsikazi ezinamawundlu zihlala emihlanjini, inani lazo elingafinyelela abantu abayikhulu. Ekwindla, lapho isikhathi sokuzalelisa siqala, abesilisa bahlangana nabo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpi eziqinile nezishubile zokulwela ukubhekwa njengento esemqoka emhlambini futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuba nelungelo eliphambili kowesifazane, kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwabafaneli. Sonke esinye isikhathi sonyaka, abesilisa bahlala bebodwa.
IMouflon iyisilwane sakudala impela, okukhulunywa ngayo okokuqala kungatholakala emidwebweni ogwadule lwaseSahara futhi isukela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu BC.Yini ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu, ama-mouflons eqiniso, lawo angamadlozi ezimvu ezifuywayo nezimvu, manje ahlala eCorsica naseSardinia kuphela, futhi iSahara ikude kakhulu nale ndawo.
Ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, isilwane saba yinto ehlala siyizingela, inani lama-mouflons laqala ukwehla kakhulu. Kepha baba nentshisekelo yokusindisa izinhlobo zezilwane ngesikhathi futhi ngenxa yalokho, indawo ababehlala kuyo yavikelwa futhi kwaqalwa nezinqolobane.
Isilwane, ukhokho wezimvu ezifuywayo, manje manje emapulazini amaningi azama ukujwayela indlela yokuphila yempilo. Ikakhulu labo abazalwe ekudingisweni mouflonsukuzivumelanisa nokuphila ekhaya. Ukuzala ama-mouflons akunzima, noma yimuphi umuntu oqala ukubhekana nalokhu ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi.
Thenga i-mouflon, ungasesha izikhangiso ku-Inthanethi. Ukuthola ikhophi ekufanele, udinga ukufunda ngezici zokuqukethwe kwalo, yikuphi ukudla umuntu othile akujwayele, futhi, isithombe se-mouflon kuzoba yisilinganiselo sokugcina sokukhetha isilwane.
Ukuthenga isilwane esingajwayelekile akushibhile, intengo isilwane sisukela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 kuye kwezingu-100, kuya ngeminyaka nemibhalo yomuntu ngamunye. Uboya bezilwane abusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo nezinye izinsimbi.
Mouflon, lo ungummeleli wokugcina wezimvu ezisezintabeni zaseYurophu. Unamahloni kakhulu futhi uqaphile, uhlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo endaweni engenakufinyeleleka futhi umzingeli onqabile angaqhosha ngokuhlaselwa kwakhe.
Ijazi likaMouflon, Le yinto engabizi, esezingeni eliphakeme futhi efudumele, kepha awukwazi ukuyithola njalo uyithengiswa. Ebusika, lesi silwane sakha ijazi eliminyene kakhulu futhi eliminyene, kuvela kulo ukuthi kutholakala izinto ezinhle ezisivikela esimweni sezulu esibi.
Isazi saseSoviet esimangazayo uM.F. U-Ivanov, wafuya uhlobo olusha lwezimvu - i-Mountain merino, eyisebenzisa yi-mouflon yasendle. Kusuka kuboya be-merino, manje kaningi kakhulu ungathola izingubo zokulala ezikhethekile, izingubo zokulala, amakamelo okulala imibhede, futhi, izingubo ezikhethekile nezifudumele.
Abakhiqizi bezibhamu ababeqambe igama lesilwane, isibhamu se-mouflon, isikhali sobuchwepheshe obuphakeme, obuthambile nobude obude obunomugqa omkhulu wokuphepha.
Njengesilwane sakhe esinamagama, kuyinto engajwayelekile kakhulu ezicini eziningi, ngokubukeka nemininingwane yangaphakathi enelungelo lobunikazi, ngisho nekhethini elikhethekile lakhiwe ngokuqondile ngalesi sikhali.
Ihlala kuphi i-mouflon?
Photo: Mouflon eRussia
Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-mouflon zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukile, kepha indawo yazo iyindawo enamadwala.
I-mouflon yaseYurophu ibikade iyinto yokuzingela okusebenzayo, manje-ke, ngaphezu kokulondolozwa, itholakala ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- Isiqhingi se-corsica. Le yindawo yokuhlala enhle yezinqama, njengoba lesi siqhingi simbozwe izintaba eziphakeme, sinendawo enkulu yamahlathi namathafa. Izimvu zingatholakala enkabeni yesiqhingi,
- Isiqhingi saseSardinia, isimo sezulu esomile esihlanganiswa nobusika obuthambile. Izimvu zihlala kuso sonke isiqhingi, kepha ikakhulukazi emathafeni,
- ukwakhiwa kabusha okwenziwa eningizimu Yurophu.
Lolu hlobo lwe-mouflon luthanda indawo enezintaba, luwele nezindawo ezithafa - ngoba izimvu zasebusika ziya emadwaleni, bese ehlobo ziye ezansi ziyoklaba ethafeni. Imihlambi yama-mouflons aseYurophu ingafinyelela amakhanda ayikhulu, kepha onke angabesifazane. Abesilisa bajoyina umhlambi kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho behlela ukulwa ngomqhudelwano welungelo lokushada.
Ama-mouflon ase-Asia (noma iTranscaucasian) angatholakala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- ITranscaucasia
- Turkmenistan,
- Tajikistan,
- iziqhingi zolwandle lweMedithera. Izimvu zazilethwa lapha ngabokufika ekuqaleni njengokudla ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komhlaba, kepha abanye abantu babekwazi ukuzala futhi bazivumelanise nesimo sezulu esishisayo.
- enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-india.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngo-2018, i-mouflon yase-Asia yatholakala ethafeni lase-Ustyurut eKazakhstan. Le ndawo iyindawo eyihlane esegqumeni elincane, kepha izimvu zijwayele impilo kule ndawo.
Manje uyazi lapho ihlala khona inqama yasendle i-mouflon. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe kudlani uMouflon?
Photo: Mouflon insikazi
Isifunda sezintaba, esivame ukuhlalwa ngama-mouflons ase-Asia, asizwani nezimila. Izimvu zafunda ukubamba izimpande zezitshalo futhi zifuna ukudla emaweni. Ngokuya ngokutholakala kwamanzi okuphuza nokudla, ama-mouflons angakwazi ukusuka endaweni ngendawo.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwama-mouflons yile:
- utshani obuluhlaza,
- okusanhlamvu,
- izimpande
- amagatsha omile
- tshala izithelo, amahlumela,
- amajikijolo
- amaqabunga ezihlahla zezithelo.
Ehlobo, ama-mouflons adla kakhulu, ngoba adinga ukuthola isisindo ngaphambi kobusika, lapho ukudla kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukukuthola. Isisu senqama siyakwazi ukugaya izinhlobo zezitshalo ezinzima, eziwusizo ikakhulukazi ebusika. Ebusika, ngokwehla kwesisindo, amanye amaduna, athatha izinyathelo eziphansi esigabeni sabaphathi, awaphili ebusika ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.
Izimvu kwesinye isikhathi zifika emasimini ezolimo, lapho zidla khona ukolweni nokunye okusanhlamvu. Ngokushesha bathola isisindo kuzo, kepha ngesikhathi esifushane umhlambi wezimvu ungadala omkhulu isivuno. Zibangela ukulimala okufanayo kwamahlumela amancane avela emathafeni entwasahlobo. Izinqama, zehla zivela ezintabeni, zidla ngisho nezihlahla ezincane nezihlahla, zimba izimpande zazo.
Ama-Mouflons akavamile ukuzwa isidingo samanzi, ngoba ayakwazi ukuphuza ngisho namanzi anosawoti kakhulu - imizimba yawo isebenza kahle usawoti. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni lapho abahlaseli bengakwazi ukuhlala kahle ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi.
Incazelo ye-Mouflon
Abesilisa bale nqama yasendle ngokucophelela banezimpondo ezinkulu ezimile okwe-crescent, ezaziswa abazingeli abaningi futhi babhekwa njengeziyiziwombe. Ubungako besimo sesilwane ngaphakathi kweqembu kuncike ngosayizi wabo. Izimpondo ezinkulu zinquma ubukhosi obuphakeme besilisa. Kuma-subspecies amaningi, izinsikazi nazo zinezimpondo, kepha zincane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Kwezinye izakhamuzi, iningi labesifazane alizikhuli izimpondo.
I-mouflon yeduna endala ayisiyikhulu kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwasemahlombe ayo kungamamitha angama-0.75, ubude bawo buyi-1,2-1,4 m, umsila ungamamitha ayi-10 cm, ikhanda lawo lilincane, iduna elivuthiwe linezimpondo ezithuthuke kakhulu, ligobeke cishe ngokuguqula okukodwa, okungaba ngu-40 cm ubude. owesilisa osekhulile - aze afike ku-50 kg. Insikazi ye-mouflon ilula kancane futhi incane, isisindo sayo cishe singama-35 kg.
I-mouflon inemilenze yemisipha kanye nomzimba we-squat omsiza ukuhambahamba endaweni emaweni. Ikhanda lesilwane lilingana kahle futhi lilingana nomzimba walo. Izinga lokuzalela lithi kufanele ligcine ikhanda lakhe liphakeme uma liqaphile.
Ekuhlolweni okuhlukahlukene kwe-mouflon, ukubukeka okujwayelekile kuhluka kancane, umbala uyahlukahluka kuye ngesizini, naphakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ikhala nangaphakathi kwezindlebe kuvame ukuba mhlophe. Imilenze yinde futhi imfushane ngomugqa omnyama mpo omnyama ngaphansi kwamadolo. I-mouflon inesisu esimhlophe kanye nejazi, elihluka ngombala kusuka ngwevu ngotshani obomvu kuya onsundu nekhofi, kuyilapho i-mouflon yeduna yaseYurophu inesihla esimnyama futhi izintokazi ziyashwabana.
Izinqama zabantu abadala zivame ukuba nezicucu ezinkulu zezinwele ezinde, eziba mhlophe emphinjeni, ziphenduke zibe mnyama lapho zifinyelela ebunzini. Kuma-subspecies amaningi, abesilisa be-mouflon nabo baba nendawo elula yesihlalo somdwebo ekhula futhi ikhule ngosayizi lapho bekhula, futhi umucu omnyama oqala ngohafu we-nape, uqhubeke emahlombe, uqhubeke ngaphansi komzimba uphele emilenzeni engemuva. IMouflon inezindlala ezinkulu ngaphansi kwamehlo, ezivame ukukhipha into eqinile.
Habitat
Njengomthetho, ama-mouflons ahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba ezinezindawo ezinezimbali nezingwadule, yize eYurophu ama-mouflons nawo eye athulwa ezindaweni ezisehlathini. Zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Bancamela imithambeka emnene yezintaba eziphakeme ezinesembozo esilinganiselwe, futhi basebenzisa izindawo ezinamawa, eziwakeme ukuze bagweme izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Indlela yokuphila kaMouflon
Njengomthetho, ama-Mouflons adla ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa, aphumula phakathi nosuku ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma idwala elinamanzi amaningi, lapho ecashe khona kahle. Lababantu bayizilwane zomhlambi ezakha imihlambi yezinkomo ezingezona ezomhlaba zidla utshani. Uma ukudla kunqabile, bese bedla amaqabunga nezithelo. Imizwa yabo ithuthukiswe kahle ngoba izimvu zincike ekutholweni kwasekuseni futhi zindiza zisondele ekuhlaseleni inyamazane, ikakhulukazi ingwe, impungushe nephisi.
AmaMouflons afinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba eneminyaka engaba mithathu, yize abesilisa behluleka ukuzala ezindaweni ezinengcindezi yokuzingela ephansi kuze kube yiminyaka emine ubudala. Izinsikazi zivame ukuzala iwundlu elilodwa (kwesinye isikhathi amawele). Izinsikazi ezinamawundlu zinamathela emhlanjini wabantu abafinyelela kwikhulu, abesilisa bahamba bodwa, babuyela emhlanjini kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ehlobo, ama-mouflons ahlala emaphethelweni amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, lapho athola khona, ngaphezu kokudla, nesithunzi. Lezi zinqama ziyizinhlobo eziyimizulane ezivame ukuhamba lapho zifuna izindawo ezintsha zokudla. Ebusika, bathuthela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezifudumele ukugwema amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu nokuntuleka kokudla.
UMouflon uyisilwane esihola indlela yokuphila ebusuku. Badla kuphela ebusuku, baphuma bangene etshanini eliseduze kwehlathi. Usuku lonke bacasha ehlathini, futhi kusihlwa bashiya indawo yokukhosela yasemini beyofuna ukudla. Amawundlu adla ubusuku bonke, kuthi ekuseni abuye acashe ehlathini.
Incazelo Nezici
I-Mouflons Ayizinto zokubopha izilwaneokuhlobene nama-artiodactyls. Bayizihlobo nezizukulwane zezimvu nezimbuzi ezifuywayo. Ngaphandle mouflon okusikhumbuza lezi zihlobo ezingenhla, kepha inezici nezici eziningi ezihlukile.
Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu balesi silwane bungaba ngaphansana kwemvu efuywayo, hhayi ngaphezu kwamamitha elilodwa ukuphakama nobubanzi, isisindo esingamakhilogramu angamashumi amahlanu. Ikhanda le-mouflon lincane, intamo iphakeme.
Izindlebe zincanyana, kanti amehlo ansundu amnyama ayaqhuma kancane. Umzimba wesilwane mncane futhi unomusa, ijazi livame ukuba mfushane. Imilenze yinde futhi incane, kepha iqinile kakhulu futhi iqinile. Umsila mfushane kakhulu.
Umbala womzimba wama-mouflons, owesifazane nowesifazane, ucishe ufane: Izithunzi ezinsundu ziyavela, esifubeni izinwele zimnyama futhi zikhulu (kulezi zindawo zingakhula zibe yifreyimu), imilenze imbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe nezimnyama, isisu naso simhlophe.
Isici esiyinhloko sama-mouflons izimpondo zawo ezinkulu, ezaziswa kakhulu abazingeli. Izimpondo zalezi zilwane zikhulu, zingafinyelela amasentimitha angama-75 ubude. Ziyindilinga ngesimo, zikhombe emaphethelweni. Izimpondo zingasonta emuva noma emaceleni. Abesifazane abanazimpondo, noma bavezwa buthaka.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwesisindo sowesifazane nowesilisa utholakala ngokuqondile ngenxa yobukhona besiduna sezimpondo ezinjengalesi futhi ezinesisindo esingangeza cishe amakhilogremu ayishumi kuya nanhlanu kuzo.
Badlani
Ehlobo, ama-mouflons adla imifino ekhula ezindaweni zawo zokuhlala. Okokuqala, badla utshani, futhi uma kungenele, bashintshela emaqabungeni aluhlaza wezihlahla. Ebusika, bondla izingxenye zezitshalo abazithola ngaphezulu kweqhwa; abazi ukuthi bangafuna kanjani utshani obomile eqhweni. Abesifazane bavame ukuba nezindawo ezondlayo ezingcono ngoba impilo yabo ibaluleke kakhulu ukuzalaniswa. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, badla amagatsha ezihlahla ezinamathela ngaphansi kweqhwa, amahlumela ezihlahla, ezinhlamvu zokhuni notshani obomile.
Izinhlobo zama-Mouflons
Ama-Mouflons eza ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene - kuya ngendawo yawo. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa:
- I-Europeanmouflon - uhlala eYurophu futhi ubukeka njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla.
- I-Transcaucasian mouflon - Lolu hlobo lukhulu kancane kunelaseYurophu, kepha lubukeka lungahlukile.
- Isigebengumouflons - Lolu uhlobo lwe-mouflon yaseYurophu, eyangeniswa endaweni yaseCrimea eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu eyedlule futhi yakwazi ukusiphula lapha.
- I-mouflon yase-Asia noma i-Troal - lolu hlobo aluhlukile kwe-European, ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala nosayizi omkhulu.
- I-Ustyurtmouflon - Lolu uhlobo lwe-Asia mouflon oluhlala emaqeleni aseKazakhstan.
- Isi-Armeniamouflon - Kuhluka ngabamele ejwayelekile ngokuba khona kwezimila obukhulu ebusweni.
- Corsicanmouflon - Uhlobo lwe-European mouflon ehlala esiqhingini saseCorsica.
Njengoba ubona, zonke izinhlobo zama-mouflons zinesakhiwo esifanayo se-anatomical, kodwa ngenxa yendawo yazo ehlukile zinamagama ahlukile.
Ukuzala kabusha kukaMouflon
Ama-Mouflons angama-polygynous, abesilisa balwa bodwa ukufeza ukubusa futhi bazuze ithuba lokushada nabesifazane. Ubukhosi benqama buhambisana nobudala bayo, nokuthi izimpondo zalo zikhulu kangakanani. Izimpi phakathi kwezinqama ngaphezulu kwezintokazi zazo zezinqama azivami kudala ukulimala kakhulu, futhi ophumelele akaphinde ahlasele.
Ama-Mouflons afinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engaba ngu-1.5. Izinsikazi sezivele ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila zingavundiswa, futhi eminyakeni emi-2 ubudala zingaletha iwundlu lokuqala. Abesilisa baqala ukushada isikhashana - eneminyaka engu-3-4. Esakhula zingaxoshwa kwabesilisa ngabesilisa abavuthiwe. Ziyahlangana kusukela ekwindla kuya ekuqaleni kobusika.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-210, kuthi ngo-Ephreli, kuzalwe amawundlu amabili kuya amabili. Owesifazane ushiya umhlambi ngaphambi kokuzala ngaphambi kokuzala ngaphambi kokuzala. Iwundlu elisanda kuzalwa lingavele lime ngezinyawo zalo imizuzu eminingana, futhi ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa liqala ukugijima. Iwundlu lihlala lisondelene kakhulu nonina, lidla njalo imizuzu eyi-10-15. Lapho amawundlu eqina, izinsikazi zibuyela emhlambini. Njengoba abesilisa bengathandani namawundlu, izinsikazi ziyazigwema.
Inani lama-mouflons liyehla namuhla, futhi libalwa njengelisengozini ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela. Ama-mouflons ase-Europe ahlala ezimweni zasendle kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8, naku-zoo - aze afike ku-14, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike eminyakeni eyi-18 (ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle).
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izinqama ziyizilwane ezisezintabeni, ngakho thola lapho kuhlala khona ama-mouflons ungabi nzima. Izilwane zikhangwa impilo ezintabeni nasezintabeni, kepha azikwazi ukuhlala emaweni nasezintabeni ezimangelengele, njengoba kwenza izimbuzi zasezintabeni.
Indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane incane kunalokho. Ama-Mouflons ahlanganisa imihlambi yabantu abangaba yikhulu, ikakhulukazi enezinsikazi, amawundlu amancane nezinsizwa ezikhulile.
Abesilisa bathanda ukuhlala bodwa futhi bajoyine umhlambi ojwayelekile kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indawo yokuhlala kwe-mouflon incane kakhulu. Lokhu kusungulwa yizizathu eziningi ezifana:
- Ukuba khona kwabazingeli abaxosha izilwane ngenxa yezimpondo zazo ezibalulekile, uboya nenyama.
- Ukwehluleka ukuhlala emigedeni esezintabeni nasezintabeni ngokwazo.
- Ukuvela kwemililo yama-steppe kanye nehlathi, ngenxa yokuthi umhlambi uphoqwa ukuba uhambe uye kwezinye izindawo.
- Ukuba khona kwezilwane ezidla izitha nezitha ezingaba khona ezinganciphisa inani lama-mouflons.
Ama-Mouflons ahlala eYurophu nase-Asia. Izinhlobo zaseYurophu ikakhulukazi zihlala eziqhingini ezinjengeCyprus, Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia neCrimea. Lapha, lezi zilwane ziyahlonishwa futhi kusukela ezikhathini zakudala okukhulunywa ngazo emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yobuciko. E-Asia, izinhlobo ezithile zitholakala e-Armenia nase-Iraq, kepha iningi labantu lihlala endaweni yaseKazakhstan, iTurkmenistan, Tajikistan neTurkey.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-mouflons ayizilwane eziyizisulu - ahlala ehamba, efuna indawo engcono yokuhlala. Kwesinye isikhathi bangahlala endaweni eyodwa izinsuku ezingekho ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa bese beqhubeka nohambo lwabo.
Ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwenani lalezi zilwane, manje zingaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile ezakhiweni zemvelo nasezindaweni ezingcwele, lapho abantu bakha khona izimo ezikhethekile zokubuyiselwa kwabantu babo.
Izinzuzo nokulimala kwama-mouflons
Kubantu, ama-mouflons awabeki bungozi. Ekuzaleni kakhulu sebenzisa izinhlobo zohlobo lwaseYurophu. Ngokwesisekelo sayo, izinhlobo zezimvu ezifuywayo zazaluswa, zikwazi uklaba emadlelweni asezintabeni unyaka wonke. Isikhumba se-mouflon saseYurophu sisetshenziswa embonini elula, nenyama yaso sinambitheka kahle.
Ukusongelwa kwabantu
AmaMouflons asongelwa ukwanda kwezolimo nezolimo, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamanani awo kanye nokwahlukaniswa kube ngamaqembu amancane, ahlukanayo. Ukudliwa kwezinkomo ngokweqile phakathi kwebanga lazo, ngenxa yokwanda kokuzalelwa kwezimvu, kuholele ekuguguleni, okubuye kwaholela ekunciphiseni kwendawo efanelekile yalolu hlobo.
Ama-parasites kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo zemfuyo, ikakhulukazi izimvu ezifuywayo, ziyingozi enkulu ezindaweni eziningi. Abazingeli baziphange ngezinqama ezindala ngenxa yenani lezimpondo zabo njengophondo, kuthi lapho bezalwa kwesinye isikhathi bathambise amawundlu ukwenza izilwane ezifuywayo.
Ama-Mouflons ahlala engeniselwa ukusetshenziswa kuma-ranches aseNyakatho Melika, kepha ama-mouflons ahlanzekile awavunyelwe ukuzingela, njengomthetho, ukuzalanisa kuwelelwa nezimvu ezifuywayo ukudala imvube enkulu eyingqayizivele neyingqayizivele yabazingeli.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: ICrimea mouflon
Ama-Mouflons, njengezinye izinhlobo zezimvu, ahlala emihlambini yamakhanda afinyelela kwikhulu. Imihlambi iyinsikazi namawundlu. Akukho bukhosi kulo mhlambi; amawundlu akhuliswa hhayi kuphela ngunina, kodwa futhi nangezinye izimvu. Abesilisa bahlala ngokwehlukana nabesifazane emhlanjini omncane.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: ETranscaucasia, inqama yeduna ibizwa nge- “moufrone”, kuthi owesifazana abizwe ngokuthi “moufre”.
Isikhundla somhlambi wezinsikazi sehlukile emhlanjini wabantu besifazane: kukhona i-alpha egcina ezinye izimvu ngokuzithoba. Ngemuva kwe-alpha, kunezinqama eziningana ezihlala ezingeni elilandelayo lokubusa - njalonjalo eqenjini le-omega. Njengomthetho, lezi yizinqama ezincane noma abantu abalimele nabagulayo, kanye nezinqama ukuthi ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zilahle izimpondo.
Izimpondo ziwuphawu lwesimo senhlalo phakathi kwezimvu. Ngisho nenqama endala enezimpondo ezisakazayo iyoba nesimo esiphakeme somphakathi emhlanjini. Izimvu zihlela ukulwa kulo mqhudelwano ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho kunqunywa ukuthi ngubani onelungelo lokushada nowesifazane. Izimvu eziqine kakhulu zizofaka umhlambi omkhulu kunazo zonke, kanti ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ngeke zibe nelungelo lokushada nakancane.
Izinqama ngokwazo ziyizilwane ezolile nezinamahloni, okuyinto ejwayelekile kuma-herbivores. Ebusika, lapho ebhekene nengozi, ngisho nabesilisa abanohlonze bazokhetha ukubalekela, kuphela lapho bephoqelelwa, belwa nabaphikisi. Ebusika, lezi zilwane ziba buthakathaka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, ngakho-ke zicasha ezindaweni ezinezintaba ukuze zivame ukuhlangana nezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izinqama zesilisa ziba nolaka, kuyingozi ukusondela kuzo. Isikhathi sokuhlukumezeka okukhulu senzeka ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho abesilisa belwela ilungelo lokushada. Abesifazane bahlala benamahloni, kepha uma ingozi isongela iwundlu lakhe, liyakwazi ukuphindisela izitha. Iziduna ze-mouflon aziwuvikele umhlambi nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngenxa yokuntuleka komholi oyedwa, izinqama zizulazula zivele, zihamba ngemuva kokuphuza amanzi nokudla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Armeni mouflon
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, umhlambi wezinsikazi we-mouflon uhlangana nomhlambi wezinsikazi endaweni ephansi. Lapho, abesilisa baqala imincintiswano yelungelo lokushada nabesifazane. Imincintiswano yempi lapho amaduna amabili eshayisana nezimpondo zazo. Ukwakheka kwegebhezi labo kuvumela ukuba babekezelele ukushaqeka okukhulu ngaphandle kokulimaza ohlelweni lwezinzwa nobuchopho. Kwesinye isikhathi ukulwa okunje kuyadabukisa abesilisa ababuthakathaka, ngoba bangathola ukulimala okungathi sína noma bafe. Futhi, kuvame ukuba nezimo lapho ama-mouflons exhumana nezimpondo futhi angakwazi ukuhlakazeka.
Umjaho uqala ngezikhathi ezihlukile ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kwama-mouflon - ungaba ngoMashi-Ephreli noma ngisho noDisemba, uma isilwane sihlala endaweni ebandayo. Izinsikazi zihlukaniswe ngemihlambi emincane yabantu abayishumi nanye, okuza kuyo abesilisa abangama-4-6. Ngaphambi kokushayisana nezimpondo, abesilisa bahlakazeka bebanga lamamitha angama-20 futhi bashayisana ngesivinini esikhulu. Esikhathini esiningi, ayinamandla ukuthi ngubani owinayo, kepha aqine, ngoba izimpi ezinjalo ziphela izilwane.
Abesifazane bafika ebuntwaneni ngesikhathi esisodwa nesigamu, kanti abesilisa baneminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine. Ngisho nabesilisa abangazange bathole isimo soqine kakhulu futhi abakhuthazelayo banethuba lokushada, ngoba ngemuva “kwemincintiswano” izinqama azixoshwa emhlambini. Ukukhulelwa kwezimvu kuthatha izinyanga ezinhlanu, kepha owesilisa akazibandakanyi ekunakekelweni kowesifazane noma ekunakekelweni kwenzalo - izimvu azizenzi izinyunyana zesithembu.
Insikazi iletha iwundlu elilodwa noma amabili, athi emahoreni amabili okuqala empilo akwazi ukusukuma. Kumaviki amane okuqala, iwundlu lidla ubisi lwebele, kepha lingadla amasiko ezithambile zezitshalo. Eminyakeni emithathu, izinqama zesilisa zishiya umhlambi wezinsikazi futhi ziye endaweni yebandla lezinkomo zezinsikazi.
Okokuqala, lezi zimvu ezincane zihlala phakathi kwe-omega, zithathe indawo ephansi kakhulu esigabeni sabaphathi. Kepha angalwa nezinqama ezindala ukuthatha indawo yazo futhi asukume ngezinyathelo eziningana. Ngokwesilinganiso, izimvu zihlala endle iminyaka ecishe ibe yisishiyagalombili, kepha ekudingisweni, isikhathi sokuphila singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-15.
Izitha zemvelo zama-mouflons
Isithombe: Mouflon waseTranscaucasi
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, izitha zama-mouflons zihlukile.
Ama-mouflons ase-Asia angase abhekane:
Njengoba ubona, iningi lezinyamazane zingama-filing, ezikwazi ukugibela amadwala futhi zifike ezinqameni ezindaweni ezivikelwe kakhulu.
Izitha ze-European mouflon zimi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Sardinian Lynx
- Sardinian dholi (imisele),
- izimpungushe,
- ukholo
- kuyaqabukela ukuthi izimvu zingagijima zibe yizimpisi.
Izimpungushe ezisezifundeni zaseYurophu zivikeleke kakhulu kwizinyamazane, ngoba ukuzingela kuthikamezwa indawo yezintaba ehlala izinqama.
Izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama, ezidonsela amawundlu asanda kuzalwa, nazo zisengozini, okungukuthi:
Ama-Mouflons awakwazi ukulwa nabaphangi. Kungaleso sikhathi sokuzala kuphela, abesilisa abahlaselana abangahlasela bephendula izisulu ezise mhlambini. Izinsikazi azivikele amawundlu, futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, imihlambi yezinkomo ithanda ukubalekela umhlaseli. Ukusizakala okunjalo okuvikelayo kulinganiswa yisikhathi esifushane sokukhulelwa phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezimvu, nangokuphakama okukhulu kwama-mouflons - ithole elilodwa libonisa izinqama, futhi ama-mouflons angaletha ezimbili noma ngaphansi kwezintathu.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Ama-Mouflons ayizilwane ezihlukile, ngakho-ke kukhona inani elikhulu lamaqiniso atholakalayo futhi angajwayelekile maqondana nawo. Ngeshwa, phakathi kwabo kukhona nabajabulayo abadabukisayo.
- Izimpondomouflon Zibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke kamuva nje abazingeli abazingeli babhubhise cishe amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu esamba sezilwane. Futhi konke lokhu ngezimpondo ezisetshenziswe njengeziwombe. Futhi, isikhumba nenyama yalesi silwane akunananani elingaphansi.
- Ama-Mouflons abhalwe ku-World Red Book futhi avikelwe izindawo zemvelo nendawo ezingcwele.
- Ama-mouflons angabesifazane ayakwazi ukuzala eneminyaka engu-1 no-2 kuya kwemibili ubudala futhi azalela izinyanga isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezinhlanu. Le nkathi ingumlando phakathi kwabo bonke abamele uhlobo lwezimvu futhi ivumela i-mouflon ukubuyisela inani labantu ngesivinini esisheshayo.
- Emashumini eminyaka edlule, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi ukubumbana kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina abantu be-mouflon. Ngakho-ke, benza ucwaningo, okwathi ngenxa yalo kwazalwa iwundlu elikhulelweyo nelikhulile, elalihlala cishe izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Le ndlela yokulondolozwa kwama-mouflons futhi yandise inani layo ibangela inani elikhulu lezingxabano zesayensi nezokuziphatha phakathi kwabantu bezizukulwane ezahlukahlukene.
- Ama-Mouflons ukuphela kwezimvu ezingalahli izimpondo zazo.
- ECyprus, isithombe sama-mouflons senziwe ngohlamvu lwemali.
- Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu okwazi ukuthukuthelisa abantu abaseduze naye ngokuziphatha kwakhe kuthiwa yi-mouflon. Kodwa-ke, lesi sidlaliso asihlotshaniswa ngokuphelele nalaba abamele izinqama.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwama-mouflons ekhaya
Muva nje, ukugcinwa kwezimvu emapulazini, emizini yabantu nasezakhiweni ezingaphansi kube yindaba edumile. Abantu bazala ama-mouflons ukukhulisa izimfanelo zabo ezibalulekile kwezomnotho nokuzalela inzalo ehlala njalo.
Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinye izimvu, ama-mouflons anezidingo ezithile ezithile, ukulandela kwawo okunquma ithuba lokugcina lezi zilwane ekhaya. Njengoba emapulazini angagcinwa kuphela ezindaweni ezivalekile, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele abhekwe ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwawo:
- Umsoco we-Mouflon (udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini le engaka idliwe yilezi zilwane)
- Ukuntuleka kwezitha ezingaba khona nezitha ezidinga ukusongela ukuphepha komhlambi,
- Amandla okuhambisa izilwane, okungukuthi, indawo ebiyelwe akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwamahektha ambalwa (kubantu abahlanu ihektha elilodwa lomhlaba liyadingeka),
- Amathuba okuzala inzalo, okungukuthi, emhlanjini wabathathu kuya kwabane, okwazi ukuzala inzalo, insikazi kufanele ibe nowesilisa oyedwa.
Futhi kwi-aviary kufanele ibe khona:
- Ama-feed we-mouflon ahlala egcwele ukudla,
- Izinhloso zemicimbi yezilwane kanye nezivivinyo,
- Izinto zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi njalo noma ngamatshe okugcina,
- Hay abondli
- Izinto ezinemililo emincanyana,
- Izakhiwo ama-mouflons angacasha ngaphansi kwazo sezulu.
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kufanele kube semhlabathini owomile futhi onamadwala ukuze izilwane zikhululeke. Ukusetshenziswa kocingo oluvinjelwe ukwakha uthango akwamukeleki, ngoba ama-mouflons angalimala ngakho. Lesi isethi esincane sezimo lapho ama-mouflons angahlala ngokuthula ekhaya.
Ubukhulu beMouflon
I-mouflon yentaba iTranscaucasi inkulu ngosayizi kunamanye ama-mouflons, ikhula ibe ngu-80-95 cm lapho ibuna ngobude obuyimitha 1.5 futhi ifinyelela ku-80 kg wesisindo. I-mouflon yaseYurophu ikhombisa ubukhulu obunesizotha xaxa - icala elingamamitha ayi-1.25 (lapho amasentimitha ayi-10 ewela emsileni) aze afike ku-75 cm lapho ebuna ngesisindo esingama-40 kuye kuma-50 kg. Ubude be-mouflon yeCypriot cishe buyi-1.1 m ukuphakama lapho kubuna okungama-65 kuye kwangama-70 cm kanye nesisindo sokugcina esingu-35 kg.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Mouflons, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ama-subspecies, ahlala ezimweni zemvelo iminyaka engaba ngu-12-16. Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi izimpondo zalo ezisindayo zinesibopho sokuphila okude kwe-mouflon. Zinomongo wamathambo akhiqiza amaseli egazi. Ziphethe umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke, ngaphandle kwazo lapho i-mouflon ingaqhuma ezintabeni, lapho kunomoya omncane kakhulu. Lapho kukhuphuka okuphezulu, umongo wamathambo uyadingeka futhi izingqinamba kufanele zibe nzima.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ungahlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngokubakhona / ukungabikhona noma usayizi wezimpondo, kanye nesisindo nokuphakama kwesilwane. Izinsikazi azikhanyi nje kuphela futhi zilula kunezabesilisa (zinesisindo esingaphansi kabili noma kwesithathu), kepha ezimweni eziningi zingenazimpondo. Izimpondo ze-mouflon yabesifazane zikhula ngokungajwayelekile, kepha nangaleso sikhathi zincane kakhulu.
Izinduna ze-mouflon yaseYurophu zingaqhosha ngamagobongo aminyene (anama-30-40 amafolda) nezimpondo ezingunxantathu engxenyeni yesiphambano aze afike ku-65 cm ubude. Izimpondo ezinkulu ezinkulu, ezivuvukelayo, nazo zigqokwa amaCypriot mouflons.
Izimpondo zabesilisa be-Transcaucasian mouflon ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu nangobude, kanye nasendlini ebusayo, kusuka ku-21 kuye ku-30 cm. Izimpondo zezinsikazi zincane, zigobile futhi zithambile, zinemibimbi eminingi eshintshashintshayo, kepha imvamisa ayikho.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
IMouflon itholakala eTranscaucasia nasezifundeni eziseningizimu zeTajikistan / iTurkmenistan kuze kufike kuLwandle iMedithera nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeNdiya. Ama-mouflon aseYurophu ahlala eziqhingini zaseSardinia naseCorsica, naseningizimu yezwekazi laseYurophu, lapho lwethulwa khona ngempumelelo.
Ngo-ekwindla ka-2018, i-mouflon yatholakala entshonalanga neKazakhstan (e-Ustyurt. Ama-mouflon ama-Transcaucasian adla izindwani ezindaweni zezintaba zase-Azerbaijan nase-Armenia (kufaka phakathi iHighlands yase-Armenia), afinyelela ohlelweni lwezintaba lweZagros e-Iran, Iraq nase-Turkey.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zalethwa emapulazini okuzingela ase-US. Izilwane zalethwa eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika ukuba zizizingele.
Kukhona ikoloni elincane lama-mouflons esiqhingini saseKerguelen emkhakheni oseningizimu yoLwandlekazi i-Indian. ECyprus, isizinda sofuzo sihlala - iCypriot mouflon. Indawo yokuhlala yakhona inezintaba ezinamagquma. Izinqama (ngokungafani nezimbuzi) azizithandi kakhulu izintaba ezinamadwala, zithanda ukuphumula okuzolile okuneziqongo eziyindilinga, ithafa nemithambeka emnene.
Ama-Mouflons ahlala ethule awadingi kuphela idlelo elihle elinokubuka okubanzi, kepha futhi ukusondela komgodi wokunisela. Ukufuduka kwesizini akujwayelekile ezinhlotsheni futhi kwenzeka kakhulu, kepha kuyaqapheleka ukunyakaza kokuma komzimba kwabantu.
Ngenkathi efudumele, izinqama ziya phezulu ziye ezintabeni, lapho kukhona khona izimila eziningi eziluhlaza nomoya opholile. Ebusika, ama-mouflons ehlela ezansi eziphakeme, lapho kufudumele khona. Eminyakeni eyomile, umhlambi uvame ukuzulazula ufuna ukudla nomswakama.
Ukudla kukaMouflon
Ehlobo, izilwane ziya emadlelweni lapho ukushisa kuncipha, futhi zishiya kuphela kusihlwa. IMouflon, njengezinye izimvu, ingeyama-herbivores, ngoba utshani nokusanhlamvu kuhamba phambili ekudleni kwayo. Ukuzulazula emasimini abalimi, imihlambi yezimfene zasendle ijabulela ukudla ukolweni (namanye amabele) ngenhlanhla, konakalisa isivuno.
Eminye imifino ifakiwe ekudleni kwasehlobo kwe-mouflon:
- indle notshani izimpaphe,
- amajikijolo namakhowe,
- moss kanye ne-lichen
- imfashini yotshani nokolweni.
Ebusika, izimvu zizama uklaba ezindaweni ezingenamakhaza eqhweni, lapho kulula khona ukuthola utshani obomile, noma ukusula izimpande ngaphansi kweqhwa neqhwa. Abasithandi ikakhulukazi isifundo sokugcina, ngakho-ke ama-mouflons angakwazi ukushintshela kumagatsha amancanyana noma ku-gnaw ku-bark.
Baya endaweni yokunisela lapho sekushona ilanga futhi ngisho nokuqala kobusuku, emva kwalokho bayophumula, baphinde futhi ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga bayaphuza benyukele ezintabeni. Ama-Mouflons aziwa ngokukwazi kwawo ukuqeda ukoma kwawo hhayi kuphela ngamanzi amasha, kodwa nangamanzi kasawoti.
Ukulwela abesifazane
Ama-Mouflons awona gazi, futhi alwela nenhliziyo yenenekazi, alethi izindaba zokubulala noma ukulimala okungathi sína, azikhombise ekuboniseni ukuphakama. Ukuphela kwento esisongela ama-duelists aphulukana nokuqapha kwangaphakathi othandweni lobuqili, ukuwela ezingubeni zomphangi noma ukuba ngumzingeli wokuzingela.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-mouflons ahlala emihlanjini ehlanganisiwe yezinhloso eziyi-10-15, lapho kunabantu abesilisa abambalwa abavuthiwe, okukhona phakathi kwabo ukulwa kwasendaweni. Izinqama ziyahlukahluka cishe ngamamitha angama-20, bese zigijimisana zibheke ngakunye, zingqongqoze kanye nezimpondo ezisontekile ukuze kuthi ukushaya phezulu kuhlukaniswe ngo-2 km km.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ama-Mouflons ngezikhathi ezithile ahlangana nezimpondo, abut isikhathi eside futhi kwesinye isikhathi ayawa, enza uhlobo lokubhonga. Ngaphandle kwamandla, abesilisa bayayeka ukulwa, baphinde bayiqale ngemuva kwekhefu.
Kepha, ngaphandle kwemiphumela yomqhudelwano, zonke izinqama zinelungelo lokumboza izinsikazi ezigelezayo, bobabili abahluliwe (okungekho muntu oxosha umhlambi wezinkomo) nalowo onqobayo. Izinsikazi ngesikhathi se-oestrus ziyathula futhi zizolile zibukele ukucaciswa kobuhlobo phakathi kwabesilisa.
Umlingani uvumile ukuthi emzimbeni uziphatha njenganoma iyiphi imvu - ngokufudumala okuthe xaxa, ngokungagudluki ntokazi ngemuva, ihlikihla intamo yakhe emaceleni omlingani wayo futhi izama ukumboza. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bavame ukuhlala emhlambini, behambisana nezinsikazi zabo kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ukuzalwa kwengane nenzalo
I-mouflon yowesifazane (njengemvu yasekhaya) izala izinyanga ezingaba ngu-5. Amawundlu okuqala azalwa ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, kepha iningi lokuzalwa livela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli noma engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi.
Ngaphambi nje kokuba amawundlu, insikazi iphume iye emhlambini, ithole izindawo ezingazodwa zokubeletha ezindaweni ezibekwe ngamatshe noma emigodini. Imvu izala amawundlu amabili, okungaphansi kaningi - eyodwa, ezintathu noma ezine.Ekuqaleni, amawundlu awasizi ngalutho, awakwazi ukulandela umama wawo, futhi engcupheni awabaleki, kepha acashe.
Isonto nesigamu ngemuva kokuzalwa, bathola amandla ukuze baphume baye kumama baye emhlanjini noma bakhe okusha. Ukubiza umama, kuyakhala, njengamawundlu asekhaya. Owesifazane ubondla ngobisi kuze kube uSepthemba / u-Okthoba, kancane kancane (kusuka enyangeni eyi-1) ebafundisa ukucindezela notshani obusha.
Isisindo se-mouflon enonyaka owodwa silingana no-30% wesisindo somuntu omdala, futhi ukukhula kancane kudlula i-2/3 yokukhula kokugcina. Ukukhula okusha kufinyelela ukukhula okuphelele ngeminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwengama-5, kepha kuyaqhubeka kukhula ngobude futhi kube nesisindo esifinyelela eminyakeni engu-7.
Imisebenzi yokwenza izingane ezinkulukazi zivuka kungakabi neminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengama-4, kepha abesilisa abasebasha okwamanje abalokothi ukuncintisana nabalingani asebekhulile, ngenxa yalokho abahlanganyeli ekuzingeleni ngokocansi eminye iminyaka emithathu.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
IMouflon ibilokhu iyinto ebalulekile kubazingeli (iningi labazingeli) ngenxa yenyama yayo emnandi, ethize enokhahlo, isikhumba esikhulu, noboya obusika obuhle futhi, empeleni, izimpondo ezisontekile. Ngokweminye imibiko, bekuyizimpondo ezaba yimbangela enkulu yokuqothulwa kwabantu abangama-30% bezilwane.
Uhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN lubandakanya enye yezinkampani ezikhethekile ze-Ovis orientalis mouflon (i-European mouflon). Isilinganiso sabantu bawo womhlaba wonke siyancipha, okwenza i-Ovis orientalis ibonwe njengosengozini. Izici ezithinta kabi ukulondolozwa kwesibalo sabantu be-mouflon:
- ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo,
- isomiso nobusika obunzima,
- ukuncintisana nemfuyo yokudla / amanzi,
- izingxabano zamasosha endaweni,
- ukuzingela.
I-Ovis orientalis ibhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo I (ngaphansi kwamagama u-O. orientalis ophion no-O. vignei vignei) ku-Appendix II (ngaphansi kwegama elithi Ovis vignei).
E-Afghanistan, i-Ovis orientalis ifakiwe ohlwini lokuqala (olwakhiwa ngo-2009) lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezivikelwe umbuso, okusho ukuvinjelwa kokuzingela nokuhweba kuma-mouflons ngaphakathi ezweni.
Kulezi zinsuku, intaba yaseTranscaucasian mouflon ivikelekile e-Ordubad National Park (Azzeranian) naseKhosrov Reserve (e-Armenia). Ama-subspecies afakiwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zeAzerbaijan nase-Armenia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwasungulwa indawo enkulisa e-Armenia yokwalusa izimvu zaseTranscaucasian futhi kwenqatshelwe ukuzizingela kusukela ngo-1936.
Futhi, i-Zoological Institute of Armenia iye yathuthukisa uhlelo lokulondolozwa kwabo ekudingisweni. Ososayensi baphakamise amaphuzu ambalwa:
- esikhathini esifushane sokunquma isimo sezinhlobo (ngokubalwa kwenani elifanele labantu),
- ukwandisa iKhosrovsky Reserve ngokuchitha izindawo ezinikezwe izimvu kuqala,
- nikeza ukubaluleka kwesimo sokugcina i-Ordubad,
- ukunciphisa / ukuqeda imizamo yokuzingela,
- lawula imfuyo.
E-Iran, ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okukhethekile kombuso yi-Ovis orientalis gmelinii (i-Armeni mouflon). Abamele lezi zingosi bahlala ezindaweni ezi-10 ezivikelwe, izindawo ezi-3 zezilwane zasendle, kanye nepaki lomhlaba iLake Urmia.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, izimpikiswano zemishubhu ephikisayo ye-mouflon yase-Arizona itholakala kumapaki kazwelonke amaningi, ezindaweni ezivikelwe nakwesinye sezindawo ezigcinwe kuzo. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezindawo ezivikelwe, amadlelo ezilwane alawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ukuzingela kwe-mouflon (ngaphandle kwalezi zindawo) kuvunyelwe kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuFebhuwari kuphela nangelayisense.