Emhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi kunezimpilo eziningi ezinhle zasolwandle ngokubukeka okweqile nokukhumbulekayo. Lezi zinhlanzi "ezinezinsimbi" zifaka isikali esivamile. Ngokubukeka kwakhe okuhle, ukungathobeki nokuqonda okuhle, usenesikhathi eside engumhlali ongahlali nje wemifudlana eshisayo kuphela, kodwa nezindawo zasemakhaya.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Angelfish ejwayelekile
Isikali se-genus saqala ngokwemvelo kusuka ezinhlanzini zamathambo, ezavela ngenxa yokuvela kwemvelo ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-290 edlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela okhokho bony eminyakeni engama-70 yezigidi edlule, konke okufana ne-perch kwenzeka, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwahluka kakhulu kangangokuba njengamanje i-oda le-Perch libhekwa njengelikhulu kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zezinhlanzi (izinhlobo ezingama-11,255).
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: I-Angelfish ejwayelekile
I-angelfish ejwayelekile inezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Umzimba mude, umfishane, uthambile kamuva. Ikhanda linesimo sikunxantathu, amehlo amakhulu abomvu atholakala ezinhlangothini zalo,
- Ubukhulu benhlanzi bumaphakathi, ubude babadala bube ku-12-15 cm, futhi ukuphakama kufinyelela kuma-20 cm. Owesilisa nowesifazane bacishe bafana ngamapharamitha, owesilisa ukhulu kancane,
- Amachaphaza amachashaza nokuhlangene ahlanganiswa ngamaphethelo aqondile, ngenxa yokuthi ukubukeka kwenhlanzi kufana ne-crescent. Amaphini we-pectoral abukeka njengezimpondo ezinde,
- Umbala womzimba wesikali esijwayelekile uyiphunga lesiliva eline-tint ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imidwebo emile emile, umugqa wokuqala unqamula iso lezinhlanzi, owesibili udlula endaweni ye-caudal fin. Umhlane umnyama mnyama.
Iqiniso elihlaba umxhwele: “Isikali esivamile siyakwazi ukuguqula umbala wemivimbo emile emzimbeni ube yi-paler. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo naye kwenzeka ezimeni ezicindezelayo. "
Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlukile kancane komunye nomunye. Ekhulile, owesilisa une-dorsal fin ende futhi unesikhwama esinamafutha ebunzini lakhe, ngakho ibunzi liyindilinga kanti lowesifazane uyisicaba. Izici ezihlukanisayo kuzo zibonakala kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Esidodeni, ngaphansi kwesisu, kuvela i-vas deferens ekhonjiwe futhi emincane, kuthi kowesimame kube ne-ovipositor ebanzi.
Ihlala kuphi i-scalar ezejwayelekile?
Isithombe: Inhlanzi ye-Angelfish
I-angelfish ejwayelekile inhlanzi entsha yasemanzini eshisayo. Indawo yokuhlala yaphakade iyindawo yokugcina yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, indawo eyisisekelo yomfula omkhulu we-Amazon, osuka ePeru uye ogwini olusempumalanga yeBrazil, nomfula oyipharadesi u-Orinoco. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ngesimo sabantu abancane emifuleni yeGuana kanye nethala laseBrazil.
Insimu ye-Amazon ibhekwa njengendawo ekahle yokuhlala ama-scalars, ngoba ihlala inamazinga okushisa aphezulu amanzi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni lezi zinhlanzi. Emanzini ayo, ahlangana nezinye izakhamizi ezinobungane kulezi zindawo ezihlwabusayo, ngokwesibonelo: ama-guppies, amadoda asenkemba, i-neon, i-discus. Ndawonye, bakha izakhamizi eziningi zemifula - ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-2,5.
Isibalo sabantu abancane sithande ukuhlala emigodini emincane yemifula egeleza kancane, imifula emuva kwemifula, imigodi nezigodi zemifula egcwele amanzi. Isidingo sendawo abahlala kuyo amathangi amanzi.
Lapho kusakazeka amabala, amaqanda ajwayelekile alala emaqabunga abanzi ezitshalo zasemanzini, ngakho-ke akhetha ukuhlala ezindlini ezinezitshalo eziminyene, phakathi kwazo lapho izilwane ezincane ezikhulayo zingacasha kalula ezitheni.
Ngabe sidlani isikali esivamile?
Photo: Scalaria vulgaris
Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-scalars ajwayelekile asebenza njengezinhlanzi ezidla inyama.
Isisekelo sokudla kwabo kwansuku zonke yilezi zilwane:
- ama-invertebrates amancane - daphnia, cyclops, tubule,
- izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu zazo ezihlala phezu kwamanzi,
- gazinga ezinye izinhlanzi ezincane.
Izama ukweqa isisulu, amasaka aqhakambisa isivinini esikhulu, angenza kalula ngosizo lomzimba omncane kanye namaphiko amade aqinile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlanzi zichitha isikhathi esiningi zifihlwa ku-algae, azisetshenziswa njengesihlokwana sezakhi, ngoba zidinga ukudla kwamaprotheni.
Izibungu zesikali esivamile njengesihlokwana esinezakhi zisebenzisa okuqukethwe kwe-yolk sac. Njengoba ziguquka zisuka ku-izibungu ziya ku-fry, ziya kancane kancane ziphendukele ekudleni kwe-plankton encane. Fry ovuthiwe afunda ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu, lapho asiza ngayo abazali.
Njengamanje, i-angelfish yaziwa kabanzi futhi isetshenziswa njengenhlanzi yokuhlobisa emanzini asemanzini, lapho idla khona ngokuhlanganiswa kwezithako zenyama (i-bloodworms, izibungu zomiyane) kanye nezithako zemakhambi (izingcezu zesipinashi ne-ulethisi). Ukudla kungaba ngesimo sama-flakes asomile, futhi kube yisimo esiphilayo nesithwathwa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Angelfish
Ama-Angelfish ayizakhamuzi ezijwayelekile zokuthula zamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Zincamela ukuhlala emihlambini lapho okwakhiwa khona ngababili phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Isici esiphawuleka ngamabili wemikhaba ukuzinikela kwabo komunye nomunye empilweni yabo yonke.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: "Uma omunye wabashadikazi efa ngababili, lowo osele akusoze afune omunye umuntu ozophila naye."
Abamele izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-scalar bahola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, bachitha isikhathi esiningi phakathi kwamathanga amanzi. Ngenxa yomzimba othobekile, zibhukuda kalula phakathi kwethalli yesilo, futhi zivalwa imivimbo emile emzimbeni.
Emini, bathola ukudla ngesikhathi sokuzingela, futhi ebusuku bayaphumula, bacashe emahlathini ezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngaphambi kokuzingela, ama-scalars ahlelwe aba yimhlambi emincane. Zizingela emalungeni alindele inyamazane. Lapho kuvela ukudla okufanele, athuthele kuwo ngomhlambi wonke futhi akudabule.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela, abantu abavuthiwe bangomakhelwane abanokuthula. Kepha phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma, banolaka ikakhulukazi, bezama ukuvikela insimu yabo nenzalo yabo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi owesilisa nowesifazane banakekela i-caviar kanye nefry ndawonye.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Angelfish ejwayelekile
Ngokwesibalo, ama-scalars avuthwa ngokocansi esikhathini esisuka ezinyangeni eziyi-8 kuye kweziyi-12 zokuphila. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa, ngababili abakheka phakathi kwabo, abahlala endaweni ethile endaweni futhi balungiselela ukuzalanisa. Ukuze benze lokhu, bathola indawo lapho abazobekela khona amaqanda. Kungaba itshe noma ingxenye ebanzi yesitshalo samanzi. Ndawonye, bayihlanza imfucumfucu ne-plaque izinsuku eziningana, bese baphonsa amaqanda amakhulu, akhanyayo ebusweni bayo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isikali esijwayelekile sowesifazane singabekela amaqanda angama-150-200. Ngokulandelayo kufika isikhathi esinzima sokuvikela inzalo yabo, eyeduna nowesifazane nabo abahlangabezana nayo ndawonye. Asusa amaqanda afile futhi ahlanze abaphilayo. Vikela ekuhlaselweni ezinye izinhlanzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni, ahlala ethe njo komunye nomunye futhi avikelwe ngabazali bawo. Uma kungazelelwe kuvela usongo, owesilisa nowesifazane bangabadlulisela emlonyeni wabo endaweni ephephile.
Kungakapheli amasonto amabili, izibungu ziguqulwa zibe yi-gazinga. Isikhathi esithile, abazali abanakekelayo bayaqhubeka nokunakekela izingane ezingakavuthwa. Baqoqa i-fry eqenjini bese behambisana nabo, abavikele ezingozini. Basiza ukugaya ipulankton enkulu ukuze i-fry idle. Ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni kwama-scalars ngesikhathi sokuzalela, singazibiza ngokuqiniseka lezi zinhlanzi izihlakaniphi zangempela zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi. Isikhathi sokuphila ezimweni zemvelo nasekuthunjweni cishe iminyaka engama-8-10.
Izitha zemvelo zemikhalo ejwayelekile
Photo: Angelfish owesilisa
Uhlala emifuleni yase-Amazonia, umkhondo ojwayelekile uhlangana nezitha zawo zemvelo lapho. Njengoba inhlanzi incane ngosayizi, ingaba yisisulu sazo zombili izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlanzi nabamele abaphakathi kosayizi basemanzini.
Lezi zinhlanzi zibandakanya:
- ama-piranhas, aqhakaza kakhulu futhi anamazinyo abukhali kakhulu, angaluma umunwe noma induku nawo,
- I-Payara - inhlanzi eyaziwa kancane enamazinyo amabili abukhali, elilodwa libonakala kanti elinye ligoqiwe ngaphakathi komhlathi, futhi linesifiso esihle sokudla,
- I-Aravana isho inhlanzi enkulu eyidlayo, ihlala ngemuva kwemifula enamanzi amile futhi idla inhlanzi ezihlala lapho.
I-Cayman nayo ingabikwa njengezitha zesikali. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, imvamisa kufanele aneliswe yizinhlanzi ezincane njengomthombo wokudla. Emzabalazweni wempilo, i-scalar enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo.
"Amakhadi akhe amakhulu" empini nezitha yilezi:
- Umzimba ofuthwe ngokuthwebula okulula phakathi kolwelwe,
- amachaphaza aqine, amade akuvumela ukuba ukhule ngesivinini esikhulu,
- Imivimbo yokuqhathanisa mpo emzimbeni isiza ukufihla phakathi kwethalli ye-algae.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Angelfish ejwayelekile
Inani elijwayelekile le-scalar linezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ngokwemvelo, bahlala emaphaketheni abantu abayishumi, lapho kusebenza khona abaholi abanohlonze. Izimbambo ezinkulu nezinamandla zihola ngesikhathi sokuzingela futhi zingene ezindaweni ezinhle kakhulu zokuzalela, ezigada ngentshiseko
- Ubungako babantu bunzima ukuthola ukubalwa ngenxa yokukhethwa okusebenzayo nokuzalaniswa kwalezinhlanzi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezasekhaya. Kepha singasho impela ukuthi abantu basesikhathini sabo sokuqala,
- Ngenxa yokunakekelwa okusebenzayo kwe-caviar, izibungu kanye nefry, amasaka ayakwazi ukusindisa iningi lenzalo ekufeni.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kunzima impela ukuthola izinhlobo zemvelo zama-scalars ezindaweni zasemanzini, ngoba le nhlanzi ayithunyelwa ngaphandle kusuka eMelika. Kepha ososayensi abasebenza ngokuzalanisa iminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi bakwazi ukuthola ukuhlukahluka okunhlobonhlobo kwalolu hlobo lwesikali, okungenakuqashelwa ngabasolwandle abangama-amateur.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: "Abafuyi banciphise ukubukeka kwama-fluorescent akhazimulayo ebumnyameni."
Ngokunikezwa iqiniso lokukhethwa okubanzi kwama-scalars, asikho isidingo esithile sokubanjwa kweningi kwalezi zinhlanzi ezivela ezindaweni zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-scalar njengamanje zithathwa njengezichumayo. Isikali esivamile - Le yinhlanzi encane enokubukeka okungajwayelekile, okuyindlela yayo yokuphila "yezwe", umlingiswa onokuthula, kanye nokubukeka okumibalabala nokuhlukahluka kuye kwanqoba izinhliziyo zesintu zembulunga yonke.
Izici zangaphandle
Umzimba unesimo esime-disc. Izikhumba zamazinyo ezihlangene nezihlangene zigobekile, kufana nokuhamba komkhumbi, okokugcina kungamaphiko futhi kunjengentambo. I-caudal fin inomzimba fan futhi ibanzi ngokwanele. Imiphetho yamaphini iyakhonjiswa futhi ifile. Ezinhlanzini ezindala, ibunzi liyaphuma. I-Angelfish inobude obungama-15 cm, ukuphakama komzimba kukhulu kancane.
Umbala womzimba uyisiliva elinombala onsundu, umbala wesifumbu, emuva nengxenye yangaphambili inombala onsundu. Imivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshayo ibonakala ezinhlangothini, eyokuqala idlula emuva emuva kwekhanda namehlo kuya ekuqaleni kwe-ventral fin, elesibili ukusuka dorsal fin kuya ku-anal fin, elesithathu ku-anal fin, kwesine kweqa ukuqala kwecaudal fin. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, ungabona amabhendi acashile. Umbala we-dorsal fin uphuzi onsundu, ingxenye engaphandle yamaphiko we-ventral inombala wensimbi, kanti izingxenye ezithambile zamaphinifa angavuthiwe zimhlophe qwa. I-angelfish ejwayelekile ayitholakali njalo ngemibala yemvelo - amasampula wokuhlobisa amafomu wombala we-hybrid (omnyama, wegolide, wemabula, weparele).
Bheka i-angelfish ejwayelekile yasendlini yakho yasekhaya.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Ubungako obuncane be-aquarium yokuzalanisa i-angelfish ngamalitha angama-60, kodwa uma uhlela ukulungisa inqwaba yalezi zinhlanzi, kungakuhle ukuthi ufake ithangi lamalitha ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu. I-pair ye-angelfish kanye nefry yabo kufanele ibe sendlini ebanzi. Ubunono buthinta impilo nokuziphatha. E-tank enkulu, abakhiqizi bavame ukudla amaqanda no-gazinga. Amapharamitha emvelo yasemanzini: izinga lokushisa 23-16 degrees Celsius, acidity 5.0-7.5 pH, hardness soft or medium from 1 to 20 dH. Amaphesenti ayi-15-20 amanzi kufanele afakwe amanye amanzi amasha masonto onke. Isikali siyahambelana nezinhlanzi ezinjalo:
- Imigudu
- UDanio
- Gourami
- Amabhothi,
- Mollies
- Pecilia
- I-Plekstomusami,
- U-Iris
- Ngokuhluza
- Labeo,
- Izinkemba
- IsiTetra.
Isikali asihambelani nalezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi:
- AmaBarbus (ukuhambisana okuyingxenye),
- Cockerels
- Ama-cichlid ase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika,
- I-Discus
- IGoldfish
- Guppy
- Izidumbu zoKhoi
- I-Astronotus.
I-angelfish ejwayelekile, yize imnandi emvelweni, kungcono ukunikeza ukudla okuhlukahlukene e-aquarium. I-Adult brine shrimp, izibungu zomiyane, izinhlwayi zomhlaba ezisikiwe, izibungu eziqandisiwe zezimpukane, ulethisi nesipinashi zibalungele njengokudla. Ungondla ukudla okwenziwe ngomzimba okungekhona, kodwa okuvame kakhulu. Ezitolo zezilwane, ungathenga amagremu nge-spirulina, uwafake ekudleni. Akunconywa ukunikeza inyama enamafutha ezilwaneni ezinegazi ezifudumele.
Izitshalo eziphilayo kufanele zitshalwe kuwo wonke ama-aquariamu anamanzi acwebile. Izinga lamanzi lilawulwa izitshalo eziphilayo, zisiza ekugcineni imingcele yendawo yasemanzini, ukuvikela ukukhula kwe-algae namanzi afinyelela emhlabeni ngotshwala. Izitshalo zasemanzini ezibanzi ziyizintandokazi zesikali ngenkathi zihluma, zibeka amaqanda kuzo. Kunconywa ukutshala izitshalo zaseNingizimu Melika e-aquarium, okuzokwakha ukufana kwe-biotope yemvelo. I-Echinodorus, iJavanese moss, i-ceratopteris, i-Philippines moss kulula ukuyigcina, ngeke ilunywe yinhlanzi.
Bheka isikena esivamile ku-aquarium ejwayelekile.
Imithetho yokuzalanisa
I-angelfish ejwayelekile iyinhlobo etholakalayo yama-cichlids. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda emaqabungeni ezitshalo ezibanzi, okumele zitshalwe phambilini ngokuhluma. Lezi zinhlanzi zakha ngababili kusukela esemncane lapho izinhlanzi ezi-4-8 zikhona e-aquarium. Bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka engu-6-12 izinyanga futhi kamuva, lapho befika kubude be-5 cm, ngokuya ngezimo zamanzi.
Izithandani zizodinga ukusatshalaliswa ngamanzi ahlanzekile, ngaphambi kokusaphaza zidliwe kahle ngokudla okubukhoma okucebiswe ngamaprotheni, kepha hhayi ngokweqile. Amanzi asemthanjeni kufanele abe acidic kancane, athambile futhi afudumele, pH 6.6, hardness 5 dGH, lokushisa 27-16 degrees Celsius.
I-angelfish ejwayelekile inhlanzi eyandayo, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-1000 kumaqabunga ahlanzekile, owesilisa uyawathatha bese uwafaka. Ngaphandle kokuthi abamele abaningi bomndeni wakwaCichlid banakekela izingane, lesi sici sokuziphatha asikho cishe ngokusobala kwizikali. Uma zingadli amaqanda, zizowagada. Kungani abakhiqizi bengadla i-caviar? Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuzalanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo noma ukuqunjelwa ethangini.
Ukhozi oluzothela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngemuva kwesonto uFry uzobhukuda. Bazali kanye no-gazinga bazophithizela e-aquarium. I-Fry ingondliwa ngemibungu ye-Artemia emasontweni okuqala empilo.