I-pika ejwayelekile ithola indawo efanele isidleke, nomthombo ocebile wokudla emahlathini, emapaki, osebeni lomfula nasezivandeni ezinama-conifers amadala.

Uqhwaku lwepika luncane futhi lugobile, kufana nesikela, ngakho-ke lufinyelela kalula izinambuzane namaqanda alo, lufihlwe emifantweni emincane phakathi kwamagxolo. Lapha ipika ithola namanye ama-invertebrates. Le nyoni idla izicabucabu, i-dipterous, i-hymenoptera, izimfudu zezinyamazane kanye nezimbungulu, nokho, amabhungane e-weevils kanye namaqabunga enza inqwaba yokudla kwayo.

Futhi iningi lazo zonke ipika lithanda ukudla izibungu zezinhlobonhlobo zamabhungane.

Ngokungafani ne-Woodpeckers, ipika ayinakuthatha mzamo ukuthola ukudla. Ukudonsa isinambuzane ngaphansi kwegxolo, kuphumula umsila waso esiqwini bese kususa inyamazane yaso egebe.

Ebusika, ama-pikas aphindaphinda imenyu ngokudlulela kwezinhlobo ezithile zembewu, ngokuyinhloko imbewu ehlukahlukene. Le nyoni ihlola isiqu sesihlahla kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Uma ipika lithola isihlahla “esikhiqizayo” kakhulu, bese sibuyela kaningana kulo ukuhlolwa kwesibili.

LIFESTYLE

I-pika ejwayelekile indiza kabi futhi indiza kancane. Njengomthetho, inyoni kuphela indiza isuka umqhele wesihlahla esisodwa iye onyaweni lomunye, igxume esiqwini sesihlahla esisha.

Lapho ifuna ukudla, ipika ihamba ibheke phezulu, kuyilapho iphumula esiqwini sesihlahla ngomsila wayo namaphiko. Imvamisa inyoni ihlola ngaphansi kwamagatsha.

Ngemapheya ayo amade, agobile, ipika elivamile linamathela ekhonkolweni lesihlahla ngokuqinile. Izinyoni ezincane zihlala ngokucula, kepha ekwindla zihlangana ndawonye emihlambini evamile kanye nezinyoni zezinye izinhlobo, isibonelo, i-titmouse. Kwenzeka ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ebusika obubandayo buze kufike ezinyangeni eziyishumi nanhlanu bahlala ndawonye futhi bafudumale ngokushisa kwemizimba yabo.

Kusukela ekwindla, lezi zinyoni zihambela izindawo lapho kukhona khona izihlahla - ngokusebenzisa amapaki, izingadi kanye namahlathi. Kodwa-ke, unyaka wonke, ipika elijwayelekile livikela ngamandla indawo yalo nendawo yalo yokuchitha ubusuku kunoma yimuphi umuntu ongangenayo.

Lezi zinyoni zivame ukulala emifantweni ngaphansi kwamagxolo, futhi zivame ukuzinza ezindaweni eziyize, ezinomnyango omncane.

Izici zokubonakala kwama-pikas

• Encane ngosayizi, okungamasentimitha ayishumi nambili futhi inesisindo cishe amagremu ayishumi.
• Umbala ompunga wale nyoni usebenza njengesifihlakalo esivikela izitha.
• Uqhwaku lwayo lwalugobile, lwakhiwe ngesikhunta. Ngosizo lwayo, ipika ligijimisa yonke imbobo engaphezulu kwesihlahla.
• Le nyoni iqhubu kakhulu futhi igudle, ihamba njalo.
• Isisu simhlophe grey, bese kuthi ikhanda elibomvu libonakale eduze komsila.
• Izimpaphe ezisemsileni ziyaqina futhi zinde. Ngosizo lwabo, inyoni igcinwa kahle esiqwini sesihlahla.

Habitat

Ensimini yaseYurophu, ungathola izinhlobo ezimbili ezivela emndenini wepikas. it pika ezejwayelekile nezimfishane. Ngaphandle, kunzima ukuwahlukanisa, ngisho nangokuhlolisisa. Kepha lezi zinyoni zinokucula okuhlukile, ngokuya ngokuthi lezi zinhlobo zihlanganyela kanjani.

EHimalaya, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zepika, ipika likaHodgson elihlukaniswe isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle, lezi zinyoni ziyahlukahluka kwezinye izici zezimpawu. Ngakho-ke, ipika laseNepalese likhanya kakhulu, kanti ipika enekhanda elimdaka ngombala omnyama womphimbo kanye nezinhlangothi ezifanayo. Izinhlobo zeHimalayan zinemibalabala engaphezulu. Intula umbala ofanayo wazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Izinyoni zaseMelika nezaseYurophu ziyafana.

Le nyoni ithanda indlela yokuphila exazululiwe. Ngesinye isikhathi, ama-pikas azulazula emaphaketheni azungeze le ndawo, azama ukuhamba amabanga amade. E-Russia, zitholakala yonke indawo lapho izihlahla zikhula khona. Azigcini nje kuphela esisekelweni se-steppe naseFar North.

I-pika ejwayelekile iyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezivela pika yomndeni. Ihlala kuwo wonke amahlathi athambile, ukusuka enyakatho ye-Ireland kuye eJapan. Lezi zinyoni azihambi. Kuphela yilabo abahlala enyakatho abangandiza baye ezindaweni eziseningizimu kakhulu ekwindla. Futhi ama-pikas ahlala emahlathini asezintabeni ebusika angahle ehle.

Okudingayo

Ukudla okujwayelekile kwalezi zinyoni kuqukethe:

• amabhungane amabhungane
• izicabucabu
• izibungu
• amaqanda ezinambuzane nepupae,
• tshala imbewu.

Indawo yama-pikas ajwayelekile esekhuluma ngokwenzelwa kusengaphambili kwakhe kwesisu. Njengoba ihlala emahlathini ezihlahleni, inyoni ibheka izinsuku ngomlomo wayo obukhali wezinambuzane ezisegangeni lesihlahla. Kaningi kungabonakala emithambekeni yemifula namachibi. Futhi nasezivandeni ezilahliwe kanye namahlathi e-coniffort.

Kuyathakazelisa ukukhishwa kokuphakelayo. Iphumula nomzimba wonke ngosizo lomsila oqinile futhi idonsa izinambuzane kusuka emihlathini. Ngokungafani ne-Woodpecker, elindela ukuthi ohlukunyeziwe akwazi ukukhasa yedwa, i-pika iyenza isebenze kakhulu futhi isheshe.

Ukudla okuthandayo kwalezi zinyoni kungamabhungane amabhungane. Kulokhu, ipika ingabizwa ngokuthi abaphilisi behlathi. Kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, lezi zinyoni ezisebenza kanzima ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa izinambuzane eziningi zezihlahla.

Ngemuva kokuthola umuthi ogcwele izinambuzane, inyoni izobuyela kaningi kuyo iphinde ihlole futhi kusukela phansi kuya phezulu.

Ezinyangeni zobusika, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukuthola izinambuzane, izinyoni zidla amaConifers noma imbewu ehlukahlukene.

Le nyoni indiza amabanga amancanyana amfishane, uncamela ukuchitha usuku lonke esihlahleni asithandayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinyoni zithanda ukuhlala emihlambini, ama-pikas asethubeni lokuba yedwa. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo kuphela lapho lezi zinyoni zingabonakala eqenjini. Yini ephawuleka, bavame ukubethelwa emihlambini yezikhumba eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi bahlala becindezelwe ngokuqinile kanye nabo, bebalekela isithwathwa.

Ipika elijwayelekile lithanda ukumaka insimu yalo futhi liyivikele ngesibindi kwezinye izinyoni. Ngokumangazayo, ayesabi umuntu futhi, ngokuvamile, ihlukaniswa ngokungesabi okuthile kuzo zonke izilwane nezinyoni.

Ebusika, i-pika iwela esimweni sokuvilapha, kodwa ukuqala kwentwasahlobo kubuye kusebenze kakhulu. Ibona ukudla kusendleleni noma emgaqweni, iphula isihlahla ibambe, kepha emva kwalokho ihlala ibuyele emagatsheni.

Kaningi ungayibona i-shaggy kanye nomsila omncane omfushane wale nyoni encane. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa njalo, nomsila, njengoba wazi, usebenza njengokusekelwa kwawo, izimpaphe ziyaqhuma futhi ziphume. Ngakho-ke, kuma-pikas, ukuncibilika komsila kuvame ukwenzeka.

Ukuzala

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, okuqala ngoMashi, abesilisa baba nolaka futhi bathembeke. Izimpi zalezi zinyoni ezibuthakathaka zingakhonjwa yi-screech ephakanyiswa yilabo abashayayo.

Kakade ngo-Ephreli, bakha izidleke emgodini wesihlahla abasithandayo cishe ngamasentimitha amane ububanzi kuze kufike ekujuleni kwamashumi amathathu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izidleke kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ziphansi kakhulu emhlabathini.

Ukuze wakhe isidleke, inyoni idinga isikhathi esingamasonto amabili. Yonke imithwalo yemfanelo yokwakhiwa kwamathoyizi esikhathi esizayo iphumula kowesifazane. Izinto zokwakha, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ngezinyoni, zingamahlumela, iminyuzi, isinaphi, amaswidi kanye nefluff yazo. I-pika esebenza ngokuzikhandla ayiqinisi hhayi phansi komgodi, kodwa odongeni. Ngakho-ke, isidleke asiqambi amanga, kepha silenga emgodini.

Kakade ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ungabona imfuhlumfuhlu yokuqala yama-pikas amaqanda. Abesilisa bathulile ngalesi sikhathi. Amaqanda ngokuvamile akhuphuka abe yizicucu eziyisishiyagalombili. Inani elijwayelekile lingamahlanu noma ayisithupha. Umbala wazo umhlophe ngama-redks amancane abomvu.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukwenziwa komzimba kuqala ngemuva kukaJuni. Kuya ngezimo zezulu endaweni lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni. Amaqanda mancane kakhulu futhi acishe angenasiphelo esibukhali.

Amakati avela ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu ngemuva kokubekwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubekwa okukhulu, amaqanda ambalwa angahlulwa. Amachwane abuthakathaka anganyathelwa esidlekeni emahoreni okuqala empilo. Owesilisa nowesifazane, bezama ukondla inzalo yabo, bahlala bandiza ngokudla.

Lapho nje amachwane ekhula kancane, avele azama ukukhamba esihlahleni ngenkathi ebambelela ngokuqinile ebhusha. Lapho abazali besondela, amachwane aqala ukugwinya futhi avule imilomo.

Imvamisa ama-broods kuma-pikas abe mibili ngonyaka. Kepha njengoba sekushiwo konke kuzoncika kwesimo sezuluabahlala kuzo. Am amaphuphu amancane ngokuvamile ahlala eduze nabazali bawo. Kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, amaphuphu ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo futhi kugcina kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba. Impaphe le-contour kuqala esikhundleni salokho, bese umkhuhlane kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipeni elisha livame ukugqama kunangaphambili.

Ukusikisela

Owesilisa uqala ukunakekela insikazi ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ujaha okhethiwe wakhe emoyeni noma ugijime naye esiqwini sesihlahla. Iduna limnika izingcezu zokudla futhi aqhubeke acule. Ngesikhathi senkonzo yomshado, amaphiko abo bobabili abashadayo ngokwesimilo aqhaqhazela.

E-Europe Ephakathi, izidleke ezivamile ze-pika ngaphambi kukaJuni futhi zivame ukukhulisa ama-broods amabili. Batali bakha sidleke ndzawonye. Imvamisa itholakala ngemuva kwegxolo elisuke kude nesiqu, noma emgodini wesihlahla. Kwesinye isikhathi isidleke sibekwa ku-ivy ewugqinsi odongeni lwesakhiwo. Isidleke esidabukisayo samaphayiphu, akhiwa kusuka kumancanyana amancane, ngaphakathi afakwe ngotshani, izimpaphe nezinwele zezilwane.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amhlophe amaningana ngama-redks ansons abomvu-brown bese iwafukamela amasonto ama-2. Abazali bondla ndawonye amantshontsho. Am amaphuphu amancane ashiya isidleke ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-16 kuya ku-17.

IZIMBANGELA ZOKUDLA

I-pika ejwayelekile itholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, imvamisa emahlathini ama-coniferous, kodwa futhi ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe namapaki, lapho kunezihlahla ezindala ze-coniferous. Le nyoni ayinasibindi - uma ipika elijwayelekile limatasatasa lifuna ukudla, khona-ke alibaleki, ngisho nangemva kokubona umuntu. Lapho undiza usuka kude, ungabona imivimbo yokukhanya emaphikweni ayo. Ebusika, le nyoni ingadonswa endaweni ethile yokondla ngokusabalalisa ingxube yamafutha enyama nokudla okuthambile kwezinyoni ezingavikelekile kugxolo lwesihlahla esinamandla. Ehlobo, ungilengisa indlu encane lapho i-pika ejwayelekile, ngokunokwenzeka, ihlela khona isidleke. Abanye abantu badida umuntu owakha isidumbu ngesidumbu ngenxa yokuziphatha okufanayo esiqwini sesihlahla.

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.

• Ukuculwa kwe-pika ejwayelekile kuqukethe ama-trill amabili, okokuqala okuhlala kungumyalo wobukhulu obuphezulu kunowesibili.
• Ngenkathi ihamba esiqwini, ipika elijwayelekile lisebenzisa umsila njengesekela, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umsila walo uyakhungatheka futhi ligugule kuze kube yilapho izimpaphe zalo zikuwohloka futhi zishintsha izikhathi ezingaphezu konyaka.
• Ngaphansi kophahla lwendlu ehlathini, kutholakale izikebhe ezivamile eziyishumi nanhlanu ezazibuthene lapho endaweni eyodwa eminyene. Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi izinyoni zazivikela sezulu esibandayo nesimbi.
• I-pika ejwayelekile ifana negundane hhayi kuphela ngokugijima ngokungagijimeki esiqwini, kodwa futhi nemisindo yayo - ukubhoboza okuphezulu.

IZIPHUMA ZESIFUNDO SOKUDLA KWESIFUNDA. ISIHLOKO

Ukufakwa kweqanda: sisuka ku-4 kuye ku-8 (imvamisa 6) simhlophe sinamaqanda abomvu ansundu, anomphetho obonakalayo obonakalayo.

Indiza: okungalingani. Le nyoni indiza eceleni komgwaqo. IPishukha indiza amabanga amafushane kuphela. Ngesikhathi sendiza, imivimbo emhlophe emaphikweni ibonakala kahle.

Beak: yinde, igobile ligobile.

I-Plumage: ingemuva lenyoni inombala onsundu ngokuhlaza okwenziwe amabala amhlophe. UBelly nemivimbo ngaphansi kwamehlo amhlophe qwa. Izinyoni ezincane zimpunga ngombala, zinamabala amhlophe ngaphezulu ohlangothini lwesikhumba somzimba.

Umsila: yinde, yaholelwa, yakhonjwa. Ukuphela okungapheli komsila kubonakala kahle endizeni. Umsila udlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwale nyoni esiqwini sesihlahla.

- Indawo yokuhlala kwepika ejwayelekile

LAPHO UKUPHILA

I-pika ejwayelekile iphila impilo yokuhlala. Itholakala endaweni esuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu idabula eMaphakathi naseMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia iye eHimalaya naseJapan.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

Naphezu kwesibalo esikhulu sezihlahla ezifile, ezibolile ezisetshenziswa yile nyoni njengendawo yokudlela, ipika elivamile lithola indawo yokukhosela entsha lapho lakhiwa khona ngokushesha.

Ukuvela kwepika

Izimpaphe ezisemsileni ziqinile impela, ngoba ipika elivamile lisebenzisa umsila njengesekela lapho lihamba ngeziqu zezihlahla.

Ngobude, lezi zinyoni azifiki amasentimitha angaphezu kwayi-12, kanti isisindo sivela ku-7-13 amagremu.

Isidumbu esingaphezulu sinezinsiba ezinsundu ezikhanyayo ezinamabala amnyama, kanti isisu ngimpunga okhanyayo. Umsila unsundu, uqhwaku lude, lubhekeke phansi phansi.

I-Behaviors kanye Nutrition

Amaphayi ahlala phansi. Izinyoni zifuna ukudla emagatsheni ezihlahla, futhi kuyaqabukela zehlela emhlabathini. Ukudla kuqukethe ama-70% ezinambuzane: ama-aphid, izimpukane zamaqabunga, amabhu, izibungu, izicabucabu, ama-weevil, ama-nutcrackers nokunye. Okusho ukuthi, lezi zinyoni ezincane ziwukulandelana kwehlathi, ngoba zidla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.

Lalela izwi le-squeak evamile

https://animalreader.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/pishuha-amerikanskaya-certhia-americana-114kb.mp3
Kokudla kwezitshalo, ama-pikas asebenzisa imbewu yezigaxa zezigaxa. Ukudla okujwayelekile kuthule kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukukuqaphela. Ifuna izinambuzane, lezi zinyoni zihamba eduze kwesiqu endaweni eyindilinga.