Izinhlanzi zasemanzini eziphila bukhoma, noma ezithwala bukhoma, ziyizakhamuzi ezingenakungabaza futhi ezinzima kakhulu ezakhiweni ezifuywayo. Kulula ukuzalanisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthi i-novice aquarist ithole "inani labantu" elinjalo. Funda ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini eziphila bukhoma futhi zikhona.
Izici
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuthwala bukhoma kusuka kwezinye izinhlanzi ezizalela ngokwensa ikhono lazo lokukhiqiza i-fry eyakhiwe ngokuphelele, esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, amaqanda ahlala ngaphakathi kowesifazane kuze kube yilapho umbungu wakheka kuwo ngamunye. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezincelisayo, umsoco nokukhula kwazo okwenzeka ngenxa ye-placenta, ukuthosa kukhulisa izakhi zomzimba ezingaphakathi kwegobolondo leqanda, engaxhunyiwe nganoma iyiphi indlela nomzimba wowesifazane. Ngenxa yalesi sici, kunenye incazelo yalezi zinhlanzi - "ovoviviparous."
Cela isithombe sezinhlanzi ze-viviparous aquarium nencazelo ikuvumela ukuthi uqaphele esinye isici esibalulekile. Okungukuthi: dysmorphism. Lokhu ngumehluko obonakalayo ekwakhekeni kwe-anatomical yabesilisa nabesifazane bohlobo olufanayo. Umehluko omkhulu ukwakheka kwamaphini e-caudal ne-anal, kanjalo nombala. Emadodeni, icacile futhi “yinhle”, ngokungafani nabesifazane, abangaqapheleki kangako ngemvelaphi yabo.
Esinye isici esibonakalayo sabathwali abaphilayo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi weqe izinhlobo zabo ezihlukile ngokuvela kwenzalo engajwayelekile engenazo izici ezicacile zelifa lomunye wabazali. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlanzi ngokubukeka okuhlukile.
Imithetho yokuqukethwe
Ichibi lokufakelwa kufanele liqokonyiswe ngendlela yokuthi ikhubalo lentofontofo lenhlanzi lenziwe ebusuku. Futhi ungahlobisa phansi kwe-aquarium ngezinto ezahlukahlukene (i-driftwood, amatshe, ama-grottoes we-ceramic kanye nama shards). Ukuhlobisa kuyadingeka ukuze izakhamuzi zasemanzini zibe nezindawo zokuhlala zokuphumula. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo eziphilayo nazo ziyadingeka. Kodwa amathikithi abo akufanele abe awugqinsi kakhulu ukuze ashiye isikhala sokuhamba ngokukhululeka kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ubukhulu be-aquarium bukhethiwe ngokuya ngamapharamitha wabathwali bokuphila, ubungako babo kanye nobungako bezinga. Izakhamuzi ezikhudlwana futhi ezinokukhulu “kokuzikhukhumeza” ngokwengeziwe, i-tank ebanzi kakhudlwana kufanele ibe khona kokuhlala kwayo okunethezekile futhi okungenazimpi. Okokuqala, lokhu kusebenza kwabesilisa, abathi "ukuthola ubuhlobo", kungadala ukulimala okukhulu komunye nomunye.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, imfuyo yezinhlanzi eziningi ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi enamanzi amancane abuthakathaka noma emachibini lapho kungekho ukunyakaza kwamanzi. Izimo ezifanayo ziphinda zenziwe ekudingisweni, ngenkathi zinikeza ukuxhaswa okuhle.
Ukushisa nezinye izimo
Izinkomba zokushisa kufanele zibe kububanzi ukusuka ku- + 20 ° С kuya ku- + 29 ° С. Ukuze ubasekele, kufanele uthenge i-heta enomlawuli wokushisa, amandla ayo akhethwe ngokuya ngevolumu ye-aquarium.
I-filtration yenziwa kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lokuhlanzelwa kwethangi lesandla futhi kusiza ukugcina izinga lamanzi elijwayelekile.
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini zaseViviparous zinokuzivikela okuhle, ngenxa yokuthi zingasinda ezimeni ezingafanele ezinye izinhlanzi. Kodwa ngisho nabantu abaqinile ngokwemvelo abakwazi ukubekezelela ukuntuleka kwenduduzo okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usiqaphe njalo lesi simo ukuze usheshe uphendule ezinkingeni futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi ze-viviparous ku-aquarium kuyinto elula kunazo zonke. Okuvame kakhulu okubandakanya ukudla komsuka wezitshalo ngesengezo samaprotheni. Lokhu kungukudla okubandayo, okubandayo noma okuomile ngesimo semiganu, ama-flakes, njll. Kulokhu, imifino emisha (i-zucchini, ikhukhamba) ilungile njengesengezo, esidluliselwa ngaphambili ngamanzi abilayo futhi aqunywe.
Ukuphakelwa kwabathwali bezinhlanzi bukhoma kwenzeka isikhathi esi-1 ngosuku (abadala) kanye nezikhathi ezine ngosuku (gazinga).
Ukuzala
Izinhlanzi ezi-Viviparous e-aquarium ziyakwazi ukuzala inzalo eneminyaka eyi-3-4 izinyanga. Kulokhu, kowesilisa ngamunye emhlambini kufanele abe yizinsikazi ezi-2 - 3, ukuze angavumeli izimbotshana phakathi kwazo ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ungaqonda ukuthi insikazi ilungele ukuhlakazwa yindawo emnyama eduze kwe-anal fin kanye nosayizi okhuphukile wesisu sayo.
Ukufakwa kwamaqanda kwenzeka ku-utero ngosizo lwe-anal fin yowesilisa, onesimo esidlule. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-fry azalwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25 kuye kwangama-50. Inani labo lingafinyelela ama-pcs angama-200. Bakwazi ukuhlala nje badle bodwa.
Isikhathi okuzalwa ngaso singathatha isikhathi ukusuka emahoreni ama-1 - 2 kuye ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Futhi lapho izingane zizalwa, abazali bazo ngokushesha bathunyelwa kwesinye isitsha ukuze bagweme ukulimaza usana.
Njengokudla ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, gazinga kunikezwa i-daphnia ehlukahlukene, i-artemia, izigcawu. Njengesinyathelo sokugcina, ungagaya kahle ugayi owomile noma ama-flakes ahloselwe izinhlanzi ezindala.
Kwezilwane ezincane, izimo zokuboshwa zibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukubanikeza ngokushisa okujwayelekile kanye nokwenziwa kwamanzi, futhi ubheke nobumsulwa bayo.
Ukubukwa okudumile
Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-aquarium, kufanele uthole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlanzi ze-aquarium ezi-viviparous, futhi eziveza kabusha ngokuqhuma. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwakha "inani" labantu endaweni yokugcina amakhaya.
Amagama ezinhlanzi ze-aquarium viviparous, ezidumile phakathi kwabaqalayo kanye nabasazi abanolwazi ngama-aquarist, sibanikeza ngezansi.
- Guppy - uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwabathwali bokuphila be-aquarium, abakwazi ukufinyelela kubukhulu obuyi-5, 5 cm. Le nhlanzi ithanda ukuhlala emihlambini phakathi kwamathanga aminyene. Kubonakala ngokungathobeki nokuthula, kepha akufanele kugcinwe ndawonye nezilwane ezidla lubi kanye "nomakhelwane" abanolaka. Ukufuya ama-guppies ekudingisweni kulula ngisho nakuma-aquarists okuqala. Futhi isikhathi esiphilwa yilezi zinhlanzi yiminyaka emi-3 kuya kwengama-3,5.
- Swordsman iyabonakala kalula yinqubo ende yes sphenoid esefeni le-caudal lowesilisa. Ekudingisweni, le nhlanzi ingakhula ibe ngu-8 - 10 cm. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu be-aquarium kumele bukhethwe ngokufanele. Ingaphezulu lezitshalo eziphilayo kufanele zibe khona esitsheni. Kepha kufanele kunikezwe isikhala esanele samahhala. Ngokuya ngokuhambisana nezinye izakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi, lolu hlobo lwabathwali bokuphila luzolile impela futhi luyabonakala.
- Mollinsia ifinyelela ku-8 cm futhi iqukethe ngamaqembu abantu abayi-7 kuye kwabali-10. Ngokungafani nezimpuphu ezingathembeki, lezi zinhlanzi zifuna kakhulu izinga lokushisa nekhwalithi lamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zazo zithanda ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo namanzi anosawoti. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi ezi-pecilli lunokuthula okunokuthula, ngakho-ke lungagcinwa ezindaweni ezivamile zasemanzini "nabomakhelwane" abangenalo ulaka. Isikhathi sokuphila se-mollies siyiminyaka emi-3 kuye kweli-8. Isitsha kumele simbozwe ukuze inhlanzi esebenzayo ingakwazi ukuphuma.
- Pecilia ikhule ibe ngu-6 cm. Isilinganiso esintofontofo kunazo zonke kubo ngabesilisa abangu-2 nabesifazane abane. Ngomhlambi wabantu abayisithupha, i-aquarium yamalitha angama-60 ilungile. Lezi zinhlanzi ezincane zihlukaniswa ngemibala egqamile nokuthula okuzolile. Ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ku-aquarium ejwayelekile nasezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuswayiza.
Naphezu kwesimo esinqandayo salezi zinhlobo ezimweni zangaphandle, okuqukethwe izinhlanzi eziphila bukhoma kule ndawo zasemanzini kusho ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo ezithile. Lokhu kuhlunga nokuthambisa kwamanzi futhi kugcina izinga lokushisa linethezekile ezifuywayo. Ukucindezela isikhathi eside okubangelwa ukunakekelwa okungafanele kuholela kwezinhlanzi ezifweni futhi kunqamule isikhathi sokuphila.
Incazelo Nezici
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlanzi ze-viviparous inqubo yokuvela kwempilo entsha. Kulokhu, amaqanda awalali emanzini, futhi aqhubeke ngaphakathi kwesikazi. Lapho, ngaphakathi kwamaqanda, ayahlanganiswa, asele kuze umbungu uqede ukukhula kwawo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, owesilisa uvela emaqanda futhi inqubo yokuzala iyenzeka. Imvamisa izinhlanzi ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-ovoviviparous.
Kuphinde futhi kube nokunye ukukhula kwe-umbungu, okuthola izakhi ezidingekayo hhayi emaqanda, kodwa ngohlelo olufana ne-placenta. Babizwa nge-placental viviparous.
Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlanzi eziphila bukhoma ziyafunda esikoleni. Kubo, kuyadingeka ukunikeza izimo ezibanzi, kubalwa amalitha angama-2-5 kumuntu ngamunye. Ukuba khona kwezimila eziminyene kufanelekile ukuze kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ikwazi ukufihla izithandwa zayo. Ngobuhle bomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi, akulimazi ukuthola ukukhanyisa okusezingeni eliphakeme.
Ngokwemvelo, izilwane zihlala emizimbeni yamanzi emile noma ngenkambo ebuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuhlinzeka ngezilwane ezifuywayo nge-aeration kanye nokuhlunga. Qiniseka ukuthi uqinisekisa ukuthi isihlungi asiphazamisi gazinga.
Izinhlanzi ze-Gambusia
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elikhulu lezinhlanzi zasemanzini eziphila ngaphansi kuka-20- degrees Celsius. Ukuhlinzeka izilwane ngamanzi afudumele, kuzofanele uthole i-heater ngesiqalo esizenzakalelayo.
Ngokuqondene nokondla, kumele kube khona uhlaza ekudleni. Ukuze ukhule kahle futhi uthuthuke udinga ukudla okufanele, okubandakanya zonke izinhlobo zokuphakelwa. Kuyasiza ukufaka imifino enenwele. Abantu abadala bondliwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku, kanti izilwane ezincane zidinga umsoco othuthukisiwe, okungenani izikhathi ezi-5.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinhlanzi ezinjalo ziqine kakhulu. Into esemqoka ukwanda isibalo esifanele sabesilisa nabesifazane (1 owesilisa + nabesifazane abaningi) ukukhipha imbangi nokulwa. Ushintsho lwamanzi lwenziwa kanye ngeviki, ikota yevolumu ithathelwa indawo. Kodwa-ke, uma umnikazi eshiya, noma ngenxa yesizathu esithile engakwazi ukuhamba, inhlanzi ingakwazi ukubekezelela ngokuphelele amanzi amadala.
Inqubo yokuzala
Ungahlukanisa kanjani owesilisa nowesifazane:
- Abesilisa bane-gonopodia. Le yi-anal fin, esebenza njengesitho sangasese sowesifazane, efaka insikazi,
- Zincane ngosayizi,
- Umbala wazo uyakhanya futhi unemibala.
Lezi zinhlanzi ziyanda kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi izala izingane ezingaba ngamakhulu amabili. Ezinyangeni ezintathu, ukuvuthwa kuyaqala, kanti nenhlanzi isilungele ukumvundiswa. Umehluko ukuthi ngemuva kokuthwala amaqanda, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezinyosi ezizalwayo, kodwa ingxenye yamaqanda kuphela. Zonke ezinye zihlala esiswini futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezizayo zingaphinde zikhiqize ezincane ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kabusha. Isibonakaliso sokuthi insikazi izobeletha maduze nje ukungcwatshwa kwesikhumba.
Okokuqala, izingane zivame ukugcwalisa i-bubble yokubhukuda emoyeni. Zikhula ngokuzikhandla, futhi ziyakwazi ukudla ukudla okujwayelekile, okuchobozekile kube yi-powder, ngakusasa.
Izinhlanzi ezi-Viviparous ziyanda kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi izala izingane ezingaba ngamakhulu amabili.
Ukuze uvikele izilwane ezisanda kuzalwa ekuziphatheni okunolaka kwabantu abadala, kufanele kube nezitshalo eziminyene e-aquarium ukuze zibe nendawo yokucasha. Kufanele futhi ondle izilwane ezifuywayo kakhulu, ukuvimba ukudliwa kwamafry.
Izinhlanzi ezithandwayo bukhoma
Pecilian futhi I-Gambuzievye. Emvelweni, izinhlanzi zihlala eningizimu nasenyakatho Melika. Ukudla okuyinhloko izibungu zezimpukane, omiyane nokunye ukudla okuphilayo. Anombala ongalingani okhanyayo ovela ku-olive uye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesiliva onamachashazi amnyama. Ubukhulu bomzimba buyi-4-7 cm, futhi isikhathi sokuphila cishe siyiminyaka emibili.
I-Belonesox noma uSarganoshchuk ungomunye wabamele abangajwayelekile bomndeni wamaPecilian.
Izinkemba. Zingaqashelwa kalula ngumcibisholo ophakeme esitsheni somsila ngendlela yenkemba. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yimizimba yamanzi yaseCentral America. Izinkemba zingahanjiswa nge-pecilia, zithole ama-nzalo ngombala ongalindeleki, futhi, mhlawumbe, izinkemba ezimbili emsila.
Molinesia. Ithandwa kakhulu ngabaqalayo. Zikhanga iso ngaso leso ngombala wazo ogqamile, ngoba imibala ingaqhamuka emnyama, burgundy, isiliva negolide kuye ingwe.
UWolfera Molliesia
Guppy. Izinhlanzi ezaziwayo ezinomsila we-chic fan nemibala egqamile. Ukuzithobela kakhulu nokuqina, ngokuzalanisa masinyane, ngaphandle kokudinga izimo ezikhethekile. Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlanzi zokuqala zabaqalayo zimane nje ziyizinja, eziqala ukuheha ngomsila wazo omnandi, ziwubambe ngokuhamba kahle.
I-Guppy tricolor ingummeleli ongafani nenhlanzi ye-viviparous.
Glossy ameka. Inombala wesiliva ngombala omnyama ophuzi womsila kanye namabala amnyama emzimbeni wezinsikazi. Kwabesilisa abadala, i-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivela eduze nomsila, futhi isisu sithola i-tint ye-orange.
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