Ukufuya onogwaja abalimi abaningi kuyibhizinisi elihle elinenzuzo, kepha ukuze ufuzo unogwaja ulethe imali yangempela, abanikazi abasebenza noboya kufanele baqonde ukuthi izilwane zingenwa yigciwane, izifo ezingamagciwane empilweni yazo yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele umndeni we-hare uhlushwa yizifo ezingathathelanayo futhi zingalimala.
Izilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo zifuna kakhulu ukulungiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukhulise onogwaja abanempilo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela ukunakekelwa okuhlelekile okuhlelekile, ukudala izimo ezifanele zokuzigcina, ukuqapha impilo yabo njalo. Cabanga ngezifo ezikhona zonogwaja nokwelashwa kwazo ekhaya. Sinikeza izincomo, izeluleko zesazi, zikutshela ukuthi ungamelana kanjani nalesi sifo ngokwakho.
Ungawuhlukanisa kanjani onogwaja abanempilo kusuka ogulayo?
Yini onogwaja abagula nayo? Yiziphi izifo ezikuzo onogwaja, izimpawu zazo kanye nokwelashwa. Indlela yokwelapha nokuthi ungakuvikela kanjani ukutheleleka kwezilwane ezifuywayo? Imibuzo enjalo iyathakazelisa kubo bonke abalimi be-novice nalabo abahlelele ukuzalela izilwane ezifuywayo.
Kumarabi, kutholakala izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezingatheleleki (ezingatheleleki), isidlakudla, amagciwane kanye namagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onogwaja bathambekele ekubandeni (ekuphefumuleni), kwezifo zezindlebe. Ezilwaneni ezi-furry, i-conjunctivitis yemithi ehlukahlukene, izifo ezihlaselayo zivame ukubonwa. Izilwane zingalimala, zithole ilanga, ukushiswa ukushisa. Cabanga okufanele ukwenze uma unogwaja egula kunokuphatha izilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya.
Kubalulekile! Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izifo eziningi zibeka ingozi yokufa konogwaja futhi azinakuphikwa, uma umuntu oyedwa ethelelekile, isifo sisakazekela ngokushesha ezilwaneni ezinempilo.
Ukutheleleka konogwaja kwenzeka nge-aerogenic, indlela yokuxhumana. Onogwaja, ikakhulukazi onogwaja abancane, bangangenwa yizithwali zegciwane lapho bedla ukudla okungcoliswe ngama-microorganisms e-pathogenic ngokuphuza amanzi nemishini.
Phakathi kwezizathu ezaholela ekuthelelekeni konogwaja zingakhonjwa:
- izimo ezingezinhle
- ukudla okungalinganiseli
- ushintsho olubukhali kohlobo lwemithi, njengokuphaka,
- ukwenza buthakathaka kokumelana, ukumelana nomzimba,
- Ama-pathologies angamahlalakhona, wokuzalwa kwezitho zangaphakathi,
- izifo ze-endocrine, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.
Ukudla okungalinganiselwe, ukondla okuphakelayo okusezingeni eliphansi kungadala izifo zokuvuvukala, ikati lomgudu wesisu. Uma ekudleni kwezilwane kunesamba esikhulu sokudla okumnandi, izilimo zezimpande, iklabishi - lokhu kuzodala isifo sohudo, ukuvutshelwa amathumbu. Amandunami athola ukungaguquguquki koketshezi, abe ongaguquki, abe nephunga elithile le-acid. Ezindondweni, kukhona izingxenyana zegazi, imicu, kufakwa ngaphakathi, izinsalela zokudla okungaphanjwanga, Foam, mucus.
Kubalulekile! Kumavundla anempilo, abantu abadala, indle inezindlela zepuni encane, emnyama, nsundu.
Uma unogwaja egula, isilwane siba sibi, sibulalane. Isifiso sokudla siyancipha, isimo sejazi siya ngokuba sibi. Ngezifo zokuphefumula, nezinqubo zokuvuvukala okunamandla, ukwanda kokushisa kungenzeka. Ikhala lomile, lingaba nokuqhekeka.
Uma unogwaja uyagula, uphawu lokuwohloka kwempilo ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokugaya (ukuhuda, ukugabha), profuse ulwelwesi lwama-mucous, kanye nokuphuma kwe-serous emehlweni nasekhaleni. Mhlawumbe ukwephulwa kwesigqi senhliziyo, umsebenzi wokuphefumula. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa emsebenzini wezitho zangaphakathi, izifo ezithathelwanayo, izifo ezihlaselayo ezilwaneni, ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lwezinzwa (i-paresis, izicubu zomsipha, kanye namaqhubu) kuyaphawulwa.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zonogwaja zitholakala ezilwaneni ezincane nezindala. Imvamisa kwenzeka kaningi ngefomu elibi, elingaphansi. Ziyavela ngenxa yokufiphala kwamagciwane, amagciwane, ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic asendaweni okwenziwa kuwo futhi ahlukanisa izitho ezihlukene zangaphakathi. Ukutheleleka kungavusa ne-ectoparasites, izinambuzane eziphuza igazi.
Ezinye zezifo eziyingozi kakhulu zezifo zomvundla yilezi:
- myxomatosis
- i-mastitis esithathelwanayo
- i-virin rhinitis,
- i-listeriosis
- fascioliasis
- i-tularemia
- pasteurellosis
- i-stomatitis
- coccidiosis,
- i-hemorrhage viral,
- i-spirochitosis,
- imikhaza (umkhaza wendlebe).
I-Myxomatosis
I-Myxomatosis ingesinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezithinta onogwaja. Lapho umuntu etheleleke, wonke umphakathi ungatheleleka. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo siyabulala. Kumarabi nakubantu abadala, kutholakala uhlobo lwedematous, nodular of myxomatosis.
Izimpawu ze-myxomatosis kunogwaja:
- izinga lokushisa
- ihaba, ukudangala
- ukuhlangana okungahambi kahle kokunyakaza,
- isifo sohudo, ukugabha, ukwenqaba ukudla,
- ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamehlo, ukugeleza kusuka ekhaleni, emehlweni,
- ukuba khona kwe-edema, izigaxa emzimbeni wezilwane.
Ngendlela yokutheleleka yokutheleleka onogwaja, amafomu we-edema ekhanda, emilenzeni, ezizitho zangasese, lesi silwane sibukeka kabi. Ikhala liyashisa, limbozwe ngamakhaza amile, amnyama. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10, isilwane esigulayo siyafa. Ukwelapha okwenzelwe i-myxomatosis akukaze kwenziwe. Ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi okuvimbela onogwaja kuphela kuzosiza ukuvikela ukutheleleka.
Pasteurellosis
Ukutheleleka kuthinta ngokushesha sonke isibalo. Kubhekiselwa ezifweni ezibulalayo zomvundla we-etiology ethelelekayo. Onogwaja izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye namaqembu yobudala iyagula. Izithwali zamagciwane ayingozi izinyoni, izinduku. Ukutheleleka kubonakaliswa ngentuthuko esheshayo yombani.
Ngemuva kokutheleleka ezinsukwini zokuqala, izinga lokushisa lomzimba selikhuphuka kakhulu laya kuma-41-43 degrees. Ama-lymph node wesifunda akhuphuka kakhulu, ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyaphazamiseka. Kukhuliswe kakhulu umthamo wobubanzi. Kufa unogwaja ogulayo, uma ungaqali ukwelashwa, ngolwesibili- ngosuku lwe-4.
I-Fascioliasis
I-Fascioliasis yisifo sonogwaja esidala ama-trematode. Iqhubeka ngesimo esibuhlungu, esingamahlalakhona. Ezilwaneni ezigulayo, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, izinkophe ziyavuvukala kakhulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyashesha. Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo ukoma, i-anemia ye-mucous membrane, ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokugaya (ukuhuda, ukugabha, isicanucanu, ukwenqaba ukondla), isihluku, ukonakala kwejazi.
Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngesikhathi, lesi sifo singakhipha ukudakwa okukhulu, ukukhathala futhi kungabulala nokufa kwaso sonke isibalo.
I-listeriosis
Isifo esithathelwanayo asiyona ingozi kuphela kumarabi. kodwa futhi nabantu. Abathwali bokutheleleka yilezi zinambuzane, imikhaza, abadla izintwala, nezinye izinambuzane ezikhipha igazi. Izindawo zokugcina izifo zingamagundane amancane.
I-ejenti ye-causative imelana kakhulu nethonya lemvelo, ingaphila enhlabathini, emanzini, iyondlayo. Ukutheleleka konogwaja kwenzeka ngokuxhumana, i-alimentary, i-aerogenic.
Ezilwane ezigulayo, izinqubo zokugaya ziyaphazamiseka. Onogwaja buthaka phambi kwamehlo abo, anciphise isisindo ngokushesha. I-Mucous pale, icteric. Ukukhula okusha kusala emuva ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni. Ama-lymph node ayanwetshwa. Inani eliphakeme lokufa liyabonakala phakathi konogwaja abakhulelwe.
Isifo Sokuphefumula Isifo Sogwaja
Phakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala kwezifo zokuphefumula onogwaja, kukhona:
- ubhejane
- bronchopneumonia,
- inyumoniya yegciwane.
I-Rhinitis yemivundla yenzeka ngesimo esibuhlungu, esingamahlalakhona. Ezilwane ezigulayo, i-mucosa yendlela ephezulu yokuphefumula iyavutha, iyakhwehlela, inyenyeze, futhi ibe buthaka kakhulu. Ukuphuma kwe-mucous, ne-catarrhal kuyabonakala emehlweni. Ikhala lome, liyashisa. Izinga lokushisa kusuka kokujwayelekile lenyuka ngama-1-1,5 degrees, ukuphefumula kukhulu, akujulile, ngokushesha.
I-pneumonia, i-bronchitis ihambisana nomkhuhlane, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukozela, ukuswakama uma uphefumula, i-conjunctivitis. Izilwane zicindezelwe, zenqaba ukudla, ziphiwa okukhona. I-purulent, ukuphuma kwe-mucous kuyabonakala emakhaleni.
Ama-Scabies noma ama-ear mite onogwaja
Lesi sifo sivusa umkhaza wendlebe othela esikhunjeni. Ezindlebeni zomkhaza othintekile, izilonda, amahlumela ompunga, amabala, inani elikhulu lesibabule kuyabonakala. Ngalesi sifo, imihuzuko, izilonda ezincane ziyabonakala emzimbeni, endaweni yezindlebe zezilwane ezifuywayo. Iphunga elithile elingathandeki livela ezindlebeni. Ama-Auricles ayashisa, abomvu, ayavuvukala. Ungaqaphela imikhaza yesinambuzane ezindlebeni kuphela ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwesibonakhulu.
Ngokutheleleka kanzima, unogwaja ogulayo wenqaba ukudla, abe okubabayo, angasebenzi, acindezeleke. Izilwane ezigulayo zihlikihla izikhala zazo ngamadolo, ngezindlebe. Izilwane zaphawula ukulunywa kanzima, ukwanda okuncane kokushisa.
Izifo zonogwaja ezingathathelanayo
Izifo ze-etiology ezingatheleleki, ezivame ukutholakala kumarabi, zifaka:
- ilanga, ukushiswa ukushisa,
- ukulimala, ukulimala okuhlukahlukene,
- i-tympanum, ukuqhakaza,
- Ama-GI carats
- hypo-, ukusweleka kwevithamini, ama-rickets.
Kubantu abasha, uma ukudla kungatholi ngamanani anele adingekayo ekukhuleni, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-macro- kanye nama-microelements, ama-amino acid, amavithamini, aqaphela ukukhula nokukhula. Thola ama-rickets.
Izimbangela zezifo ezingalawuleki onogwaja zivame ukubangelwa ukudla okungekuhle, okungenakulinganiswa, kanye nezimo ezingafanele zokuboshwa.
I-Catarrh, iqhakaza ukukhula lapho kudliwa ukudla okune-low-grade complements feed, i-stale, imifino ebunjiweyo. Ezilwane ezigulayo, isifiso sokudla siyancipha. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ziyasebenza. Izimpawu ze-tympanum zifaka phakathi isisu esikhulisiwe, sokuvuvukala, uhudo lwe-mucous, ukugabha, kanye nenausea. Ukukhula okusha kunciphisa ngokushesha isisindo, kubuthakathaka, kubukeka kukhathele.
Phezu kwezifo ezingathathelanayo, onogwaja, abantu abadala ezimpilweni zabo zonke zingangenwa yizifo ezihlaselayo nezihlaselayo. Imvamisa, onogwaja bahlushwa yi-helminthic infestations, nematodoses kanye ne-cestodoses.
Ungawaphatha kanjani onogwaja
Ukwelashwa konogwaja kuya ngesisekelo sezimpande. Ukwelashwa okulingene kahle, okusebenzayo kufanele kunqunywe ngudokotela wezilwane, kucatshangelwa iminyaka yobudala, izici ngazinye zesitho sezilwane, isimo, isigaba sesifo.
Ukutheleleka, izifo zezinhlobo zamagciwane, i-etiology yamagciwane ziphathwa ngemithi eyinkimbinkimbi yendawo yonke. Izilwane zinikezwa imithi elwa namagciwane. Onogwaja banikezwa ukwelashwa okubonakalayo okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhloswe ngalo ukumisa izimpawu eziyinhloko, kufane nokujwayelekile kusimo esijwayelekile. Ochwepheshe bezilwane banquma izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic, ama-immunomodulators, ama-premixes evithamini, ama-enzyme, futhi baguqule nokudla.
Ngomhudo, okucasulwa ubuthi, okuphakelayo okusezingeni eliphansi okwenziwe ngamakhompiyutha, imithambo, ama-probiotic, kanye nemithi ehlelekile kunganikezwa ukunciphisa isimo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Uma onogwaja bavimba ngokuqinile, ama-antibhakitiriya (i-Biseptolum, i-Levomycetinum), ama-antibacterial agents afakwa emanzini okuphuza. Ngokugaya, onogwaja banganikwa umhluzi oqinile welayisi we-oak bark, i-chamomile, i-wort yase-St. John, isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
Imithi ezibhebheni, ukuyichoboza ibe yimpuphu, ingaxutshwa ekudleni okuhlanganisiwe, ukuphuza amanzi abilisiwe.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, onogwaja abagulayo bahlukaniswa nabantu abanempilo futhi bahlala yedwa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-rhinitis kunogwaja, kusetshenziswa i-1% furatsilin, okumele ixutshaniswe ne-penicillin (amayunithi angama-20,000 nge-1 mg). Faka umxube kabili ngosuku emakhaleni onke. I-Econovocillin ingasetshenziswa. Umuthi ufakwa emanzini abilisiwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2 noma nesixazululo seNaCl. Amaconsi 4-5 afakwa emakhaleni.
Uma unogwaja unamehlo okuvuvukala, i-conjunctivitis iyatholakala, ukwelashwa okubandakanya kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yendawo, enezimpawu. Izilwane zinqunyelwe amaconsi e-antibacterial okwelashwa, amafutha, izibuko.
Lapho amabanga ebekelwa i-anti-inflammatory, ama-antihistamines, izidakamizwa zokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle emaconsi, okokugcoba, kwamagiya.
Uma kwenzeka izifo ezibangelwa yisinambuzane, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-helminthic, onogwaja banikezwa izidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-anthelmintic zesenzo esisetshenziswayo, izidakamizwa ze-anthelmintic zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela nokwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-helminth.
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Ngokuhlola izifo zorabi nezindlela zokwelashwa, abalimi bangavimbela ukukhula kwezifo eziningi ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi. Vikela ukutheleleka kwezilwane ezinamagciwane ayingozi, amagciwane azosiza ukugonywa okufika ngesikhathi. Onogwaja bangagonywa ngokushesha ngemuva kokukulunyulwa kunogwaja ongumama.
Kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, izinsana zithola amasosha omzimba avikela nge-colostrum, ubisi lwebele. Ukugoma kokuqala kunikezwa onogwaja, kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 kuya kwezine.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela inhlanzeko kumagumbi lapho kugcinwa khona izilwane zoboya. Nikeza izilwane izifunzo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zamakhompiyutha, ukudla okulinganiselayo. Vikela izilwane ezifuywayo ekushiseni ngokweqile, ku-hypothermia, ekucindezelekeni. Ezimpawu zokuqala zokuguga, isimo esiba sibi kakhulu, bonana nodokotela wezilwane. Uchwepheshe uzokhetha ukwelashwa, akutshele ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani kahle izilwane ezi-fluffy.
Ngabe ubukeka kanjani unogwaja onempilo?
Ukufuya onogwaja akuyona neze into exakile esikhathini sethu. Iphathwa womabili la mapulazi ngezinhloso zezimboni kanye nemizi emincane ngezidingo zawo. Futhi emibuthanweni ethile, izilwane zokuhlobisa ziyathandwa. Banokubukeka okuhle futhi banomoya opholile, ngenxa yokuthi bathatha indawo yabo ngokuphumelelayo ezifuyweni.
Ukuhlolwa okufika ngesikhathi kusiza ukukhomba i-pathology ngesikhathi esifanele. Kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuzalela, ngaphambi nangemva kwe-okrolya futhi ngokuhlelekile njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kowesifazane okhulelwe futhi esikhathini sokuzalwa, onogwaja, ababonwa nsuku zonke. Yize kunjalo, ngumuntu ophile kahle kuphela okwazi ukumunca ngokugcwele futhi ondle inzalo.
Impilo yesilwane esizalela uboya ithinta ukubukeka kwayo. Uma isimo singekho, anganikezwa lencazelo elandelayo:
- nohlanga olucwebezelayo nge undercoat emnyama,
- ukungabikho kwama-opaque kanye nama-secretions amaningi ku-mucous membrane,
- ukuphefumula ngesilinganiso sezikhathi ezingama-60 ngomzuzu,
- ukukala kwenhliziyo okushaywe ngo-120-160 ngemizuzwana engama-60,
- lokushisa lomzimba phakathi kuka-38.5-39.5 ° C.
Unogwaja onjalo unesifiso esijwayelekile sokudla, unamandla futhi unomzimba oqinile.
Izimpawu eziphambili zomvundla ogulayo
I-pathology ngayinye inezimpawu zayo zokuziphatha, okungatholakala kuyo. Zingavela isikhashana emva kokutheleleka noma zingazizwa zikho nakancane.
Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezejwayelekile eziveza ubuhlungu bunogwaja, phakathi kwalokhu:
- ukubukeka okucindezelekile, okubulalayo, ukungakwazi ukuma ngezinyawo zomuntu,
- ukukhubazeka okuyingxenye noma okuphelele,
- ukungaphenduli kokushukunyiswa kwangaphandle,
- isifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa, ukuqhuma okuphathekayo,
- isimo sokukhathazeka, ukwethuka,
- omisiwe, obuthuntu, obulala uthuthu,
- ukubanjwa kwezitho ezihlukene noma umzimba wonke,
- ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla, ukoma ngokweqile,
- ukuphefumula okungaphezulu komhlaba,
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo ukushaya okungaphezulu kuka-150 ngomzuzu,
- ukuphuma kwe-purulent kusuka emehlweni, ekhaleni noma kowesifazane,
- izilonda zesikhumba
- ukuba khona kwamakhaza nezintwala,
- ukungcola kwegazi emchini nasezindondweni,
- isitho esikhanyayo esikhanyayo,
- ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa ngenhla kuka +39.5 ° C.
Lokhu kanye nokunye ukubonakaliswa kuzosiza ekutholeni lesi sifo ngesikhathi futhi kuvikeleke ukutheleleka kwezinye izilwane emhlambini.
Izinhlobo Zesifo Sogwaja
Ama-pathologies abonwa onogwaja ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:
- Invasive ibangelwa yizinambuzane ezingena emzimbeni noma ezitholakala ijazi. Ngenxa yokuzala kwazo, izicubu ezahlukahlukene nezitho zomzimba zithintekile. Lokhu kubangela ukuwohloka kwempilo yabantu kanye nokwehla kwenani labo.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo zibeka ingozi enkulu empilweni. Akhula lapho umzimba ungenwe ngamagciwane, amagciwane.Ngisho nangemva kokululama, kukhona ubungozi bokugula kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo.
- Okungatheleleki akuphatheli, ngokulandelana, ukusongelwa onogwaja abasondelene nabo abathwalwa. Zivela ngenxa yokungondleki okungafanele, ukwephulwa kwezimo zokuboshwa nezinga lokushisa, ukulimala.
Amanye ama-pathologies, anezibonakaliso ezifanayo, anganikezwa kunoma yisiphi salezi zigaba. Lokhu kusebenza kumkhuhlane ojwayelekile, lapho isilwane siqala ukuthubeleza, bese kuvela ikhala eligobhozayo neqhubu elomile ekhaleni, ukubomvu kwezimpawu zamehlo. Izizathu zalokhu yilezi:
- amagciwane namagciwane
- ukungezwani komzimba kuthuli, iphunga eliphambili, ama-synthetics,
- ukungatheleleki kokuqina, kanye ne-hypothermia.
Ungase futhi uqaphele i-peritonitis, lapho izindonga zangaphakathi ze-peritoneum zikhanyiswa. Ngokusho kwe-etiology, kungabangelwa:
- ukutheleleka okuhambisana nokuvuvukala kwamathumbu esiswini nesifuba, ukuqunjelwa uketshezi kuyo,
- ama-helminths ngomonakalo wesibindi yi-cestode larvae,
- Izici ezingatheleleki, kufaka phakathi ama-enzyme ama-pancreas, ukunqwabelana kwegazi, i-bile, umchamo ngokuqhuma kwezitho zangaphakathi.
Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwe-peritonitis kufaka i-lethargy kanye nobuthakathaka bomuntu, futhi ukuxilongwa okunembile kungenziwa ngemuva kokuvula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehluleka kwezinso nokunye okunjalo kuyatheleleka futhi kungatheleleki.
Yiziphi izimpawu zomvundla ogulayo?
Okokuqala, isilwane esinempilo siphila impilo esebenzayo. Akanazo izinkinga zokudla. Impumulo nezindlebe kumvundla onempilo ngaphandle kokukhishwa. Ijazi libushelelezi futhi. Izimpawu zesifo zingahlulelwa ngamalongwe nomchamo. Imvamisa izindunduma zonogwaja zimnyama, ukwakheka kufana nethanga. Njengomthetho, umchamo nawo unombala omnyama. Kepha kuya ngokondlayo, kungashintsha. Isibonelo, ngemuva izaqathi ziphenduka i-orange.
Kepha unogwaja ogulayo, indlela aziphatha ngayo ihlukile kunempilo. Unobulwelwe, uhlala ngaphandle kokunyakaza noma futhi ulala ngamehlo akhe avalekile, aphefumula kakhulu. Ngokuya ngesifo sonogwaja, ukulahleka ngokweqile kwezinwele, izilonda esikhunjeni zingasebenza njengesibonakaliso. Kusukela ekhaleni nasezindlebeni kukhona kokukhipha, ngokubukeka kufana nobomvu.
Ekuphazamisekeni kwamathumbu, isisu sonogwaja sivame ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngamanani amakhulu amafolishi amabhele futhi kuholele ekufeni.
Ukuvimbela Izifo - Amaphuzu Ngokujwayelekile
Ukuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo yokugcina izilwane akuvumeli nje kuphela ukufezekisa isisindo esisheshayo, uboya obuhehayo nomsebenzi wokuzala, kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezifo nokulimala.
Isilinganiso sokuzivikela | Inqubo |
Ukubulala amagciwane nokuthuthwa kwendle | Emangqamuzaneni ezilwane udinga ukuhlanza njalo. Izitsha zokuphuza nabondli kufanele zihlanzwe kahle okungenani kanye ngesonto. Uma isilwane siyagula, kubalulekile ukuthi usheshe ukhiphe isibulala magciwane ekhaya nayo yonke imishini |
Ukuhlukaniswa | Izilwane ezilethwa kwezinye izindawo kumele zihlaliswe ngokwahlukana nezilwane esezisepulazini amasonto amathathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, umlimi unethuba lokuqiniseka ukuthi yonke imivundla inempilo. Emva kwalokho, zingaxazululwa eduze kwabanye abantu, kodwa zingcono kumaseli ahlukile. Uma kuvela izimpawu ezisolisayo ezilwaneni ngazinye, kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha kwezinye. Izilwane ezixhumana nazo kufanele zigcinwe zodwa futhi zigadwe. |
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle | Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezilwane kuvikela izifo eziningi eziyingozi. Ukuhlolwa okungavamile kwesimo sonogwaja kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuza nokugaya, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ngaphambi kokubeka onogwaja kunina. |
Uma kuhlolwa onogwaja abanempilo, kufanele kubhekwe okulandelayo:
- isifiso esihle
- umsebenzi ophakeme
- ijazi elibushelelezi
- Ukuntuleka kokukhipha emakhaleni namehlo,
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngaphakathi kwe-38.5-39.5 ℃,
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo kokushaya okungu-120-160 ngomzuzu,
- isilinganiso sokuphefumula - izikhathi ezingama-50-60 ngemin.
Umlimi onolwazi ukhuluma ngemigomo yokunakekelwa kwezilwane nezindlela zokuvimbela izifo kule vidiyo elandelayo:
Izifo ze-etiology ezingeyona eyegciwane
Ama-pathologies alandelayo afaka izifo ezingatheleleki noma, njengoba zibizwa nangokuthi, izifo ezingatheleleki zonogwaja:
- ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla - onogwaja banesisu esibuthakathaka, basabela ngokushesha nangobuhlungu kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo ongadala ukukhathazeka kwesisu futhi kuholele ekufeni,
- imiphumela yemishini (i-frostbite, ukwethuka, okusalungiswa, uthuli, ukulimala nabanye),
Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokugaya ukudla
Onogwaja basekhaya bavame ukuba nezinkinga zokugaya. Kubantu abadala, izifo zamapheshana emathunjini zivame ukuholela kulokhu:
- okuphakelayo okusezingeni eliphansi (kubolile, kuvuthiwe),
- okuqukethwe okuphezulu ekudleni kwama-legumes,
- ukweqwa kwezithelo ezintsha nemifino,
- izimo ezingezona ezokuhlanzeka.
Ngokuphathelene nonogwaja, lapho udlulisela izingane ukuya ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ubudala ku-roughage (ngokuntuleka kobisi kumama), kunengozi enkulu yezilonda ku-mucosa emathunjini, ukuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala.
Ukuba khona kwe-pathology ye-gastrointestinal kunganqunywa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- indle ethambile noma uhudo, imvamisa ngokungcola kwegazi noma ukungcola kwegazi,
- ukuqhakaza
- ukuntuleka kokuhamba kwamathumbu
- ukulahleka kwesifiso
- ukunganaki, umsebenzi ophansi.
Ngokuya ngenkinga, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo zokwelapha:
Isimpawu esiyinhloko | Izenzo |
Ukuqunjelwa | Isilwane sinikezwa ngaphakathi kwe-1.5 tsp. uwoyela we-castor, isisu sigcotshwa ngesisombululo se-5% kasawoti (1 tsp. nge-100 ml yamanzi), amanzi afudumele wesepha asetshenziswa njenge-enema. Ngemuva kwezinqubo, unogwaja uyadedelwa ukuba asebenze. Uma amaphutha enzekile, isilwane singanikezwa izaqathe, umhluzi we-oat |
Ukuqhakaza | Ngaphakathi nikeza u-5 ml wesisombululo se-10% se-ichthyol, yenza ukuthambisa kwesisu kancane, bese uyikhipha ukuze uhambe. |
Isifo sohudo | Abadala banikezwa amalahle asebenze kahle (ithebhulethi engu-1 nge-10 kg yesisindo bukhoma), i-synthomycin (0,1 g izikhathi ezingama-1-2 ngosuku) kanye ne-2 tsp. decoction of oki bark. Khipha okuphakelayo okunamafutha ekudleni. Ukwelapha isifo sohudo ezilwaneni ezisencane, ithebhulethi eli-1 le-synthomycin liyoncibilika kumalitha ama-2 amanzi bese kuthuthwa amathisipuni amabili onogwaja. Izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku |
Uma kunezinkinga zokugaya ukudla, isilwane sikhonjiswa ukudla okulambile, kepha hhayi isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-12-20. Ngemuva kwalokho ukudla okuthambile kunikezwa kunogwaja ngamanani amancane: okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe okwenziwa ngamanzi abilayo, amazambane abilisiwe.
Izimbangela nezibonakaliso
Imininingwane yesifo ngasinye etafuleni elingezansi.
Izifo zonogwaja ezingathathelanayo | ||
Izifo | Izimbangela | Izimpawu |
Ukuphazamiseka Kwesisu | Ukudla okungekudla, okunamahloni noma okwenqatshelwe, izimo ezingezinhle | Ukuthambisa, indle ewuketshezi noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele, ukuqhakaza, ukudangala, ukulahleka kwesifiso |
Izifo ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwemishini | I-Frostbite - ukuboniswa okushisa aphansi | Ama-bubble esikhunjeni anokuqukethwe kwe-ketshezi, ukuvuvukala kwezindlebe |
Ukushisa kanye nokushiswa yilanga - ukubeka amaseli ngaphansi kwelanga ngqo nezangaphakathi ngaphandle komoya | I-Lethargy, ukuntuleka kokunyakaza, ubomvu bezimpawu zolwelwesi lomlomo, izinkophe namakhala, ukuphefumula ngokushesha | |
Uthuli, okusalungiswa, impova yezitshalo, izinto ze-gaseous - i-pleurisy, i-rhinitis, i-bronchitis ingakhula | Ukucwilisa, ukuhlwitha noma ukugoqa umoya ngenkathi uphefumula, umkhuhlane, ukuphuma kumaphara wamakhala | |
Ukulimala - ukulimala kubangelwa amaseli aphukile, izilwane eziningi endaweni encane | Ukuvuvukala endaweni yokulimala, ukopha, ukuqhuma kwesikhumba | |
I-Subdermatitis (i-dermatitis enotshani) | Iphansi lamaseli enziwe laths, kuhlanganiswe pubescence obuthaka izinyawo kanye onogwaja abakhuluphele | Amanxeba ezinyaweni, ngomonakalo omkhulu - ukopha. Unogwaja awutholi ngezinyawo zalo, uvame ukuqamba amanga, udla kancane |
I-Subdermatitis
Lesi sifo sonogwaja kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala kwabamele izinhlobo ezinkulu, abantu abanesisindo somzimba esithe xaxa, kanye nangobuthakathaka obuthambile nobumnene bamaphawu we-paw. Esikhathini esiningi, izinyanda zezilwane ziyalimala lapho zigcinwa emakheji ngesikhala noma nge-rack floor. Ukutheleleka kungena emanxebeni avele. Izinkinga zesifo se-plantar dermatitis onogwaja zigqugquzelwa yizimo ezingezinhle ezindlini zezindiza.
Izimpawu zesifo kumarabi zikhula kancane:
- ekuqaleni, ummbila kanye nemifantu kuyavela ezintanjeni zama-paws, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokopha okuncane. Lapho-ke amafomu wokuvuvukala okuhlanzayo ezindaweni zamanxeba,
- izilwane zilahlekelwa yinhliziyo, zihamba njalo zisuka kolunye uhlangothi ziye kwesinye,
- ngezigaba ezithuthukile, izilwane azisakwazi ukuhlala, ngakho-ke kufanele zilale.
Abalimi abaningi be-novice babukelwa phansi ubulukhuni besi sifo, kepha ukuntuleka kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kungaholela ekufeni.
Ukwelashwa
Ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwe-dermatitis yensimbi, ukwelashwa kunikeza umphumela ophumelelayo futhi osheshayo. Amanxeba aphathwa nge-zinc ointment (10%). Izindawo zezicubu ezifile ziyahlanzwa, emva kwalokho amabhulukwe agcotshwe ngama-antiseptics (i-iodine, aluhlaza okotshani, njll.). Izilonda kufanele zifafazwe nge-tetracycline noma ziphathwe ngamafutha e-Vishnevsky. Amabhandeji kufanele asetshenziswe kulezi zindawo futhi aguqulwe nsuku zonke.
Imfuneko ekwelashweni kwe-pododermatitis ipallet ehlanzekile neyomile esitokisini.
Izigaba ezithuthukile nazo ziyelapheka, kepha unogwaja kuzodingeka uthathe isikhathi eside.
Izindlela zokuvikela eziyisisekelo:
- phansi okuqinile ekhejini
- yokuhlanza ejwayelekile kanye noshintsho kadoti,
- ukwenqatshwa kwabantu abathile abaphethwe yilesi sifo.
Ukwelashwa
Izifo zonogwaja, izithombe nezincazelo zazo ezethulwe ngenhla, zingelashwa uma uziqala ngendlela efanelekile.
Ngokuphazamiseka kwesisu, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo zokwelapha:
- Ukuzila ukudla amahora ama-12- 20. Unganikeza okuphakelayo okuthambile ngamanani amancane. Isibonelo, uthele amanzi abilisiwe ngaphezulu kokuphakelayo bese ukuvumela ukuba kuqubuke.
- Ngomhudo, unogwaja udinga i-enema. Amafutha e-Castor noma amanzi anensipho wokuhlushwa okuncane kufanelekile kulokhu.
- Ngomhudo, i-0,1 g ye-synthomycin kufanele inikezwe ngomlomo izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngosuku, ihlanjululwe ngenani elincane lamanzi.
- Lapho ukuqhakaza, unogwaja udinga ukunikezwa isixazululo se-ichthyol (10%) ngevolumu engu-8 ml.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma kwenzeka kuyi-frostbite kunogwaja? Uma zingabalulekile, akumele wenze noma yini ekhethekile. Kwanele ukufudumeza isilwane ngokusisusa endaweni efudumele. Uma i-frostbite ibaluleke ngokwengeziwe futhi izimpawu zayo zibonakala esweni elinqunu, i-blister kumele ivulwe ukuze kukhiphe uketshezi kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho isilonda siphathwa nge-zinc noma i-iodine ointment. Uma i-frostbite iholele ku-necrosis yezicubu, kuzodingeka uzisuse. Isilonda sitshelwa nge-iodine, kanti nokugqoka okuqinile kufakwa endaweni eyonakele.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa noma ukushiswa yilanga, unogwaja udluliselwa endaweni epholile. Izingcindezi kufanele zisetshenziswe emilengeni nasekhanda (moisten a rag in the cold water) frequency of 5 imizuzu.
Uma unogwaja egula ngenxa yokuchayeka kokusalungiswa, kuzosiza ukushisa, amavithamini nomoya ohlanzekile. Lapho uthuli, amagesi ayingozi noma ezinye izinto zingena emgudwini wokuphefumula, kufakwa i-furatsilin ekhaleni (amaconsi ama-4 emakhaleni). Lapho i-lesion inzima, kusetshenziswa isidakamizwa esilwa ne-antibacterial.
Ukwelashwa konogwaja kokulimala kuya ngohlobo nobungako besilonda. Uma kulimala, kufakwa i-compress ebandayo endaweni elimele. Uma isilonda sivulekile futhi ukuphuma kwegazi sekuqalile, kufanele kumiswe kuqala bese kulashwa nge-iodine.
Nge-plantar dermatitis, izinyawo zikanogwaja zigcotshwe nge-zinc noma ngamafutha okuhola. Amanxeba aphathwa nge-iodine. Uma i-foci isidalile nge-pus, kufakwa i-Vishnevsky ointment.
Ezinye izifo ezijwayelekile
Onogwaja bayizilwane ezithambile, ngakho-ke kudingeka zivikelwe ekuxinekeni, ekubhalweni, elangeni eliqondile, linamathele kuhulumeni wokushisa ofanele.
Uma kungekho kufakwa kweseli emakhazeni, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme nomswakama ezindaweni ezihlala izilwane, kanye nokuba khona kokungalungiswa ezilwaneni, kungavela lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:
Isimo sePathological | Izimpawu | Izindlela zokwelapha |
Frostbite yezindlebe | Ukuvuvukala kwezindlebe · Ukuvela kwamabhamuthi ngoketshezi olucacile, I-Necrosis yesikhumba | Kuyadingeka ukudlulisa isilwane egumbini lokufudumala futhi uphathe izindawo ezibandayo ngamafutha ancibilikile (ihansi, ingulube, unogwaja). Ngokuvuvukala okunzima, i-1% camphor noma i-iodide ointment isetshenziswa. Uma kukhona ama-vesicles, khona-ke kufanele avulwe, bese uthambisa amanxeba aphumelelayo ngamafutha e-zinc. Lapho kukhona izingosi ezifile, amanxeba afakwa ku-iodine bese kufakwa i-gauze eqinile. |
Ukushiswa unhlangothi | Isilwane silala esiswini noma ohlangothini lwaso, Ukwenqatshelwa kokudla, Ukungasebenzi Ukuphefumula okusheshayo Ukuvuvukala kwe-Mucosal | Masinyane hambisa unogwaja uye endaweni epholile. Mboza ikhanda nemilenze yakho ngethawula eliyisikhumba elicwilisiwe emanzini apholile |
Ukuvuvukala okuphefumulayo | Ukukhishwa okusobala noma okungacacile kusuka ekhaleni, Ukuthuthumela Ukwanda kokushisa komzimba I-Lethargy Izinkinga zokuphefumula | Isilwane sidluliselwa ekushiseni, okusalungiswa nokunye okulimazayo kukhishwa, bese ikhwalithi yokudla ibhekwa. Lapho kukhona i-rhinitis, amaconsi ama-3-5 esisombululo se-1% se-furatsilin afakwa ekhaleni. |
Ukulimala ngomshini | Amanxeba, imihuzuko, Ukopha Ukuvuvukala | Izilonda ezivulekile ziphathwa nge-antiseptics, i-compress ebandayo isetshenziselwa ukuvuvukala |
Izifo ze-etiology viral
Uma izifo ze-etiology engekho-viral zingavinjelwa (empeleni, umuntu kufanele asolwe ngazo), ngakho-ke akekho ophephile ekuthelelekeni.
Kuze kube manje, imigomo iye yathuthukiswa ngokumelene nezifo eziyingozi ezithathelwanayo ezenzeka kunogwaja.
Izifo ezilandelayo zorabi ziyaziwa (isithombe nencazelo engezansi), ezikwazi ukudluliselwa ukusuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye:
- i-myxomatosis (izifo zamehlo nezinye izingxenye zomzimba),
- isifo se-hemorrhagic isifo,
Isifo Sogwaja Wegciwane Hemorrhagic (HBVC)
Igciwane elibanga lesi sifo liyathathelana kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho lisakazeka ngokushesha phakathi kwezilwane. Ukutheleleka akuyona abantu abangenwe kuphela, kodwa nezikhumba zabo, imikhiqizo edoti. Ukudluliselwa kwaleli gciwane kwenzeka ngamaconsi omoya, futhi nangokusungula, okuphakelayo, amanzi amdaka, njll.
Izilwane ezindala ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-3-3,5 zitholakala kalula ngalesi sifo. Ukushintshwa kwe-pathological kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko esibindini, kuqhubeka ngokushesha futhi kucishe ku-asymptomatic. Ukushona kwabantu kusuka ku-HBV kufinyelela kuma-90%. Ukubuyisa abantu abathile kusalokhu kungabaphethe leli gciwane, ngakho-ke, nakho kungaphansi kokubhujiswa.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Alikho ikhambi lesifo se-hemorrhagic, ngakho-ke abafuyi bomvundla kufanele banakekele ukugoma kwezilwane okufika ngesikhathi.
Uma kwenzeka ukuqubuka kwegciwane le-hepatitis B epulazini, izilwane ezigulayo nezisolisayo ziyabulawa, izidumbu ziyashiswa. Izindawo abahlala kuzo zibulawa amagciwane ngokuphelele. Ukubulala amagciwane nakho kungaphansi kwemishini, okokugqoka nendawo ezungezile.
Uzothola incazelo eningilizayo yezindlela zokuvimbela nokuhlukaniswa yedwa esihlokweni esithi "Hemorrhagic matenda onogwaja" kuwebhusayithi yethu.
I-Stomatitis
Ama-Mokrets ajwayele ukubonwa kakhulu ezilwaneni ezisencane ezinamaviki amathathu kuya kwezinyanga ezintathu. Uma lesi sifo simnene, onogwaja bayalulama ngosuku lwe-12. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukufa kwenzeka ngemuva kwesonto.
Izimpawu
I-Stomatitis ihambisana ne-profuse salivation, ukubonakala kwe-plaque emhlophe (kwesinye isikhathi inezilonda) olimini, okuthola i-grey ebomvu grey. Izilwane ziba ezibulalayo. Ngaphandle kokugcina iphango, azikwazi ukudla nokuphuza ngokwejwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi ziqala ukuncipha. Izinwele ezisehlathini eliphansi ziyaphuma, isikhumba sikhanyiswe.
Ukwelashwa
Uma, ngemuva kokutholwa kwezimpawu zokuqala, ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, khona-ke emva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3 ukwelashwa kunikeza umphumela omuhle.
Umgogodla womlomo uphathwa kabili ngosuku ngesisombululo esingu-2% samanzi we-sulfate yethusi. Abafuyi abaningi bokwalusa bacebisa ukusebenzisa i-streptocide: gaya i-150 mg (isigamu sethebhulethi) ibe yimpuphu bese uyifaka emlonyeni wesilwane, uphinde inqubo ngemuva kwamahora ayi-10. Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, hlanganisa zombili izindlela.
Uma ama-midges okuluma etholakala, ukwelashwa akudingeki kuphela kwiziguli, kodwa futhi nakubantu abanempilo abanikezwe amaphilisi we-1/3 ngomlomo (i-100 mg) ye-streptocide. Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, kubalulekile ukunaka ngokukhethekile ekunakekelweni kwezilwane, uzidlulisele kokupholile okuthambile.
Uma emuva kokululama lesi sifo singabuyi kungakapheli amasonto ama-2, unogwaja ubhekwa njengophilile. Inyama yayo ingasetshenziswa njengokudla. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi onogwaja abagulayo asetshenziselwa kuphela izinjongo zokuthengisela, ukuzalanisa kwabo akuvunyelwe.
I-Coccidiosis (eimeriosis)
Umenzeli obangela lesi sifo esiyingozi ama-paricites ama-unicellular - coccidia (eimeria), angena emzimbeni wezilwane ngokudla namanzi. Lapho kutholakala khona izimuncagazi, amafomu e-renal kanye namathumbu ahlukaniswa, okuvame ukwenzeka ngokulandelana.
Ukuba khona kokuhlaselwa okunamandla okulimazayo kwesilwane kukhonjiswa ngu:
- isifiso sokukhubazeka noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele,
- ukuqhakaza
- isifo sohudo
- izinwele ezishubile, ezinyanyile.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile nemithamo yezidakamizwa ebekelwe i-coccidiosis itholakala embhalweni ohlukile kwiwebhusayithi yethu.
Umphumela omuhle wokwelapha ubonwa ekwelashweni konogwaja abane-sulfonamides. Izidakamizwa zinikezwa ngomlomo izinsuku ezingama-5. Ungasebenzisa i-norsulfazole (400 mg ngayinye) ne-phthalazole (kususelwa ku-10 mg nge-1 kg yesisindo somzimba wesilwane) noma i-sulfadimethoxin (200 mg ngosuku lokuqala, 100 mg ngezinsuku ezilandelayo).
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo kubandakanya:
- Ukuhlanza njalo kwe-feeders nezitsha zokuphuza (okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezi-2),
- ukubulala amagciwane amaseli (kabili ngenyanga),
- Ukuntuleka kwe-bran, amakhambi omuncu kanye nemidumba ekudleni,
- ukungafakwa emhlambini wezilwane ezigulayo.
Ividiyo
Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu zorabi zichazwa ngumlimi onolwazi kule vidiyo elandelayo:
Indoda enothando nobaba okhathalelayo. Umuntu oguquguqukayo onesifiso sokuthola konke ngokweqiniso. Izihloko ezingadini zihlukile. Ngijabule njalo ukuthola into entsha bese ngiyabelana nabanye abantu. Kungumbono wokuthi imvelo iyikhaya lesibili kuwo wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke kufanele iphathwe ngenhlonipho.
Uthole iphutha? Khetha umbhalo ngegundwane bese ucindezela:
Izicelo ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Android zenzelwe ukusiza abalimi nabalimi. Okokuqala, kuhlwanyelwa (amakati, imbali, njll.) Amakhalenda, omagazini abazihloko, amaqoqo wezeluleko eziwusizo. Ngosizo lwabo, ungakhetha usuku oluhle lokutshala uhlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo, unqume isikhathi sokuvuthwa nokuvunwa kwabo ngesikhathi.
Umquba - izinsalela ze-organic zemvelo zemvelaphi ehlukahlukene. Ungayenza kanjani? Konke kuhlanganiswe ngenqwaba, emgodini noma ebhokisini elikhulu: izinsalela zasekhishini, iziqalo zezilimo zasensimini, ukhula olunqunywe kwezimbali, amagatsha amancanyana. Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe ne-phosphate rock, kwesinye isikhathi utshani, umhlaba noma i-peat. (Ezinye izakhamizi zasehlobo zengeza ama-accelerator akhethekile wokuqamba.) Mboza ngefilimu. In the process of overheating, a group of frequent or tiredous or piercired of the flow of a fresh air. Ngokuvamile umquba "uvuthwa" iminyaka emi-2, kepha ngezithasiselo zesimanje zingahle zilungele inkathi eyodwa ehlobo.
EDenmark encane, noma yisiphi isiqephu somhlaba sijabulisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abalimi bendawo bazivumelanisa nokukhulisa imifino emisha ngamabhakede, izikhwama ezinkulu, amabhokisi egwebu agcwele ngengxube ekhethekile yobumba. Izindlela ezinjalo ze-agrotechnical zikuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno ngisho nasekhaya.
Utamatisi awunakho ukuvikela okungokwemvelo kokulimaza sekwephuzile. Uma ukuhlaselwa okulimaza sekwephuzile, noma yiliphi utamatisi liyafa (namazambane nawo), akunandaba ukuthi okushiwo encazelweni yezinhlobonhlobo ("izinhlobo ezingamelana nokulimaza sekwephuzile" kumane nje kuyindlela yokuthengisa).
Kuyadingeka ukuqoqa izimbali zokwelapha kanye nama-inflorescence ekuqaleni kwenkathi yezimbali, lapho okuqukethwe kwezakhi kuzo kuphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Izimbali kufanele zidwengulwe izandla, zephule ama-pedicel aluhlaza. Izimbali ezomile neziqoqiwe, kufafazwa ngesendlalelo esincanyana, egumbini elipholile lokushisa lemvelo ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
Kukholakala ukuthi imifino nezithelo ezithile (ukhukhamba, iselendeli lesigaxa, zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi, upelepele, ama-apula) ziba nokuqukethwe "okungamakhalori" okungukuthi, lapho kugaywa, kudliwa amakhalori amaningi kunalokho aqukethe. Eqinisweni, ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, kudliwa ama-10-20% kuphela kilojoule otholakala ngokudla.
Umlimi wase-Oklahoma, uCarl Burns, wafuya izinhlamvu zommbila ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, ezazibizwa ngeRainbow Corn ("uthingo"). Okusanhlamvu endlebeni ngayinye kunemibala ehlukene nemithunzi: nsundu, pink, violet, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, luhlaza, njll. Lo mphumela watholwa iminyaka eminingi yokukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ezinemibala kakhulu nokuwela kwazo.
I-humus - umquba obolile noma ukuphonsa inyoni. Bayilungiselela ngale ndlela: umquba uhlanganiswe ngenqwaba noma inqwaba, ihlanganiswe ne-sawdust, i-peat kanye nenhlabathi yengadi. IBurt imbozwe ngefilimu ukusimamisa amazinga okushisa kanye nomswakama (lokhu kuyadingeka ukwandisa umsebenzi wama-microorganisms). Umanyolo "uvuthwa" kungakapheli iminyaka emi-2-5 - kuya ngezimo zangaphandle nokwakheka kwesithako sokudla. Umphumela uyisisindo esikhululekile esinephunga elimnandi lomhlaba omusha.
Ubuthi bemvelo butholakala ezitshalweni eziningi, futhi lezo ezitshalwe ezingadini nasezivandeni zemifino nazo zihlukile. Ngakho-ke, emathanjeni ama-apula, ama-apricots, ama-petshisi kukhona i-hydrocyanic (cyanide) acid, kanti eziqongweni kanye ne-peel of solanaceous engaxuthiwe (amazambane, isitshalo seqanda, utamatisi) - i-solanine. Kepha ungesabi: inani labo lincane kakhulu.
Izifo ze-parasitic
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinambuzane ezingangenwa ngazo onogwaja:
- Ama-Helminth nezinambuzane ezilula ezifaka ezithweni kuthiwa ngama-endoparasites.
- Phakathi kwama-ectoparasites kukhona izintwala, amazeze kanye nemikhaza ezivuthisa ungqimba loboya kanye nokufakelwa.
Nabanye babo, izilwane ziphila kuze kube ukuguga, ukuthelela abanye abantu. Bangaba abathwali impilo yabo yonke, futhi ngaphandle lokhu ngeke kubonakale. Lokhu kufaka i-coccidia ebangela i-coccidiosis.
Enye into elula eyenziwe yi-spore-forming microsporidia Encephalitozoon cuniculi, ebangela i-encephalozoonosis. Ngezinye izikhathi yena akazenzi azizwe ethandwa, kepha kwezinye kuholela empilweni engeyinhle, impilo engeyinhle nokufa komuntu.
Izikelemu emzimbeni zivusa i-nematodosis, i-passalurosis, i-trematodosis, i-cysticercosis, i-fascioliasis. Zenzeka kubantu ngabanye eziqukethwe emigodini nasezintweni ezihlanganisiwe nge-floor yodaka. Idluliselwa ngamanzi, ukudla, esikhunjeni.
Kwezokwelapha, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- I-Tibenzene kusuka kuma-nematode ekubalweni kwe-100-200 mg / kg kanye ngosuku,
- I-Gamavit iphathwe ngokungazenzisi izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala,
- I-Albendazole amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku ithathwa yodwa noma iphethwe ngokungahambi kahle ngemuva kweGamavit,
- I-Levomizole ngesimo semijovo ne-powder ekuphathweni komlomo,
- I-Hexa-chloroethane i-0,2 g / kg inikezwa zonke ezinye izinsuku ezintathu.
Ama-parasites angaphandle ajwayelekile afaka amabalezi ahlala ngaphansi kwangaphansi futhi aba ngabathwali bezifo eziningi ezimbi. Phakathi kokubonakaliswa kwabo kukhona ukubomvu kwezindawo eziluma, ukuba khona kwezibungu kanye okusanhlamvu okumnyama kokugobhoza kwezinambuzane.
Ukwelashwa kungasetshenziswa:
- IShampoos Neguvon neBolfo yokuwasha masonto onke,
- Inzuzo, i-Front Line iyehla ngokubuna njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2,
- Isixazululo se-0.5% Brommocyclin sokubhukuda.
Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kuzodingeka izinyathelo ezingathi sína.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zezifo zezilwane
Ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo zezifo, kunezimpawu ezijwayelekile ezibonisa ukuthi i-eyred handsome ayilungile. Futhi yize, ngokwalezi zibonakaliso zokuqala, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu ongekho emtholampilo akwazi ukukuxilonga ngokufanele, kodwa kungenzeka (futhi kudingekile!) Ukufuna usizo kudokotela wezilwane.
Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi bese uqala ukwelapha lesi sifo ekuqaleni, lapho amathuba empumelelo ephakeme kakhulu.
Lezi zibonakaliso okufanele uphendule kuzo zifaka:
- ukubekeka phansi kwesilwane noma i-motor hyperactivity uncharacteristic of the sung,
- ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla noma ukoma okungaphenduleki,
- ukuqunjelwa kaningi noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitofu ezikhululekile,
- ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuqeda kwe-mucous kusuka ku-nasopharynx,
- ukubukeka kobuhlungu, umbala obuthuntu noma ukulahlekelwa izinwele,
- ukwesaba ukukhanya
- ukubonakala kwamathumba noma izilonda emehlweni, ekhaleni, ezindlebeni nasezindongeni,
- ukuqina kokunyakaza noma ukukhubazeka ngokuphelele.
Uma unogwaja uphilile, uziphatha ngokuzolile, udla kahle futhi unyakazisa okuningi. Ukuphefumula kukhanya, kukhululekile, ekhaleni kanye namehlo, ngaphandle kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kuhlala kumile. Ungesabi uma, ngokulinganisa amazinga okushisa ne-pored pointer, uzobona isikhombisi esingu-38,5 - 39.5 ° ku-thermometer - lokhu kuyizinga lokushisa elijwayelekile labanogwaja.
Ukuvimbela nokugoma
Ukuze ungalahli umhlambi wonogwaja ofuywayo, kufanele unakekele izindlela zokuthibela:
- ngokushesha ngemuva kokutholwa, gcina abantu behlukene okungenani amaviki amathathu,
- hlola njalo imfuyo futhi ulinganise izinkomba ezibalulekile,
- qaphela imvamisa yokugoma,
- yenza ukubonwa kwezilwane ezigulayo,
- phatha amaseli nge-blowtorch, i-creolin, i-bleach,
- izinsimbi zesikali ngamanzi abilayo, utshwala obushisayo, i-lysol, i-creolin,
- faka umoya emagcekeni
- okondlayo okuhlanzekile, izitsha zokuphuza kaninginingi ngenyanga,
- vikela kungakapheli, umswakama kanye neqhwa,
- susa imichilo nezinambuzane,
- ukumboza phansi kufakwe phansi ukususa imfucuza nokusakazeka komoya,
- hlanza amaseli kusuka ezinhlayiyeni zothuli ezingcolile
- ukuthenga okuphakelayo okuvela ezindaweni eziphephe ku-VGBK,
- amboze ophahleni ngotshani noma ngamagatsha, amhlophe qweqwe ukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile,
- faka izilwane ezifuywayo ngokwezinkambiso.
Ngenhloso ye-disin Assembly kusuka kuma-parasites nama-virus, kutholakala izixazululo ze-bleach, i-ash base noma i-formaldehyde. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kabusha komhlambi ngamunye nokuthola umuntu ogulayo.
Ngaphambi kokugoma, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulwa ne-coccidiosis ngeBaykoks noma iSolikok, iDirofen Pasta isetshenziselwa ama-helminths. Ngemuva kwalokho zigonyelwa lezi zifo ezilandelayo:
- Ukusuka ku-myxomatosis kanye ne-HBV, izilwane zigonyelwa ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5, ngomthamo we-booster we-6-9. Sebenzisa uNobivak Myxo-RHD, iLapimun Gemiks, RABBIVAK-V.
- Imivundla igonyelwa i- pasteurellosis ngezinsuku ezingama-28, 35, ezingama-70, bese kugonywa umjovo weCzech PASORIN-OL kabili ngonyaka.
Manje kusetshenziswa imijovo yokugoma engavikela umzimba ngasikhathi sinye kuma-pathologies amaningana. Akuhloselwe ukwelapha abantu abagulayo, kepha kwethulwa yonke indawo njengendlela yokuvimbela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo nencazelo yazo
Zonke izifo zorabi zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-3: ezingatheleleki, ezithathelanayo nezihlaselayo.
Izifo ezingathathathelene nezifo zifaka phakathi:
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane kwama-paws (subdermatitis),
- ukulimala kwemishini
- ukushiswa ukushisa
- i-frostbite
- ukusabela okuhlukahlukene komzimba,
- izinkinga zesisu.
Iqembu lezifo ezithathelwanayo yile:
- mokrets,
- staphylococcus
- ukutheleleka kwe-rhinitis nabanye.
Izifo ezingabonakali:
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi kwenani labantu onogwaja kugwema ukuvela kwezifo eziningi eziyingozi ezithathelwanayo.
Izifo zesisu
Izifo zesisu, okokuqala, ubuthi bokudla nazo zonke izinhlobo zokugaya ezihambisana nazo.
Babonakala ngezimpawu ezinjalo:
- Izinkinga zokuhamba kwamathumbu (ukuqunjelwa noma izitofu ezikhululekile),
- ukubonakala kokugcwala kokungcola,
- ukuvuvukala kwesisu
- ukuntuleka okuphelele kokudla, kanti amathe ahlala evela kwinkampani,
- ukunyakaza kwesilwane esinezifo kube okubabayo futhi kube yiphutha.
Uma uthola lezo zimpawu ezilwaneni ezigqamile: udinga ukuyihlanza ngokuphelele futhi ukhiphe isibulala-magciwane isisele, abaphuzayo nabondlayo, kanye nokushintsha okuphakelayo, amanzi kanye nemibhede. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuphakelayo kudinga ukushintshwa okusha, okungcono. Lokhu kungenziwa noma ngaphambi kokuvakashela udokotela wezilwane - nakanjani ngeke kube nokulimala kulokhu kusuka kunogwaja, kusizakale kuphela.
Ukwelashwa ngokwalo kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokuvunyelwa udokotela wezilwane. Imvamisa, ukufaka isitulo ngokwejwayelekile ngohudo owuketshezi kunogwaja, amanzi ophuzayo athathelwa indawo nge-decoction ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili nebandayo ye-oat noma ilayisi.
Uma isilwane sihlushwa ukuqunjelwa, khona-ke ama-laxatives afakwa emanzini.
Ngokuqhakaza okukhulu esiswini sonogwaja, udinga ukubamba ngaphandle kokudla amahora ayi-15-18. Futhi kudingekile ngokuphelele “ukushayela” isilwane esinobuthi, i.e. uzoqinisekisa ukuthi ihamba amahora amaningi kakhulu nangokujulile.
Izinkinga ezinoshevu ngepheshana emathunjini ezimeni eziningi zivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Onogwaja abasebancane abaneminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili, umugqa ophambili ubisi lukamama, akuvamile ukuba babhekane nezinkinga zokushiswa kwamathumbu esiswini - kuphela kulezo zimo ezivamile lapho ukudla komuntu okhulile “kudla” ngenxa yokushoda kobisi.
Ukushiswa unhlangothi
Uma ikheji lomvundla elifakwe ngaphandle lingafakwanga nge-visor ende ngokwanele evikela elangeni elishisayo, isilwane singaba yisisulu sokushiswa ukushisa.
Kuvela njengokulandelayo:
- isilwane siba sibi kakhulu, sikhathale masinyane,
- ulwelwesi lwe-mucous ekhaleni nasemlonyeni luyavutha futhi lubomvu,
- isilwane siphefumula kanzima
- ukuhlangana okungahambi kahle kokunyakaza,
- ukusonta okuzenzakalelayo kwemilenze (ukwehluleka) kungenzeka.
Ukusiza isilwane esithole ukuhlaselwa ukushisa ukuthi sibuye ngokushesha, udinga ukusibeka imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-5. endaweni ethile emthunzini oyilungiswa, emboza ikhanda lakhe nasemhlane ngensangu emanzi.
Frostbite
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, onogwaja bahlala emiseleni. Kukhiywe ekhejini, abakwazi ukufihla kujule emhlabathini kusuka kusihlwa. Uma ikheji lingafakwanga noma lingafakelwa ngokwanele, i-frostbite isongelwa onogwaja.
Izimpawu zayo yilezi:
- izindlebe ziphansi, unogwaja uyema ukuzihambisa,
- isikhumba esilunywe yiqhwa siyaphela,
- ukudumba ezinqeni nasezindlebeni
- ama-vesicles esikhumba anoketshezi olungenamibala ngaphakathi angavela ezindaweni ezilunywe isithwathwa.
Uma ubona izimpawu ezifanayo esilwaneni, udinga ukusidlulisela ngokushesha ekushiseni bese usiphuza ngamanzi afudumele. Ngemuva kokuthi isilwane some futhi sifudumale, izindlebe kufanele zigcotshwe ngamafutha engulube, kanti ama-vesicles esikhunjeni kufanele avulwe ngokucophelela, kukhiphe uketshezi kubo bese kubulawa magciwane.
Isikhumba esifile kufanele siphathwe ngokucophelela nge-iodine noma ngotshwala futhi siboshwe ngebhandeshi. Futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphambi kokubuyisela isilwane ekhejini, kufanele sifakwe ngokucophelela.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-allergic
Umthombo we-allergies onogwaja ungaba uthuli, ukungcola, okusalungiswa, ukungasebenzi kanye nomlingani wakhe othembekile - isikhunta, intuthu eyingozi nezinye izizathu eziningi.
Ukubonakala kokungezwani komzimba onogwaja yile:
- ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwakhala kanye namehlo luvutha amalangabi, luphenduke lubomvu,
- isilwane sivame ukuthimula, amehlo anamanzi, umiyane ongenamibala ugeleza usuka ekhaleni,
- ukuphefumula kuyashesha
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingakhuphuka
- izitho zangasese zishintsha umbala.
Njengoba sesizibonile lezo zimpawu, kungcono ukusifaka masinyane isilwane kwesinye ikheji elinethe xaxa. Ikhaya elisha kufanele lihlanzeke futhi lifudumele.
Ukudla komvundla ogulayo kufanele kubuyekezwe, kwenze kube okuhlukahlukene futhi okunempilo. Amaviki ambalwa udinga ukufaka izithasiselo zamavithamini ekudleni kwesiphuzo noma esiphuzweni sesilwane, futhi uma udokotela wezilwane enikeza okuzoqhubeka, khona-ke fakani inkambo yemithi elwa namagciwane.
Ukulimala kwemishini
Izilwane zingathola imihuzuko ehlukahlukene, imihuzuko, ngisho nokuqhekeka uma zigcinwa eziningana emakhejini aqinile, lapho ziphoqelelwa ngokoqobo ukuba zigxume phezu kwamakhanda omunye nomunye. Ukugwema ukulimala okunjalo kulula kakhulu - udinga nje ukunikeza onogwaja amakheji abanzi, futhi kahle - usethe kabusha "ezindlini" ezihlukile.
Ukukhonjwa kokulimala okunjalo kuvame ukuba nzima ngoba kufihlwe izinwele ezinohlonze. Okwamanje, umuntu akufanele angakunaki ukulimala okunjalo - ngabo, ukutheleleka kungangena emzimbeni wesilwane.
Uma ukwazile ukukhomba indawo elimele, kumele ihlanzwe ngoboya bese ibulawa magciwane ne-iodine noma notshwala. Uma kutholakala i-hematomas noma isimila, indawo elimele yambozwa ngezicubu ezimanzi ukwehlisa isimila.
Izifo ezithathelanayo nezihlaselayo
Lezi zifo ziyingozi kakhulu, ngoba eziningi zazo azikabi nakho ukwelashwa okusebenzayo emkhondweni wabazalanisi.
Kwezinye izimo, izinga lokufa kwezinkomo emhlanjini lingafinyelela kuma-98%, abanikazi abaningi bakhetha ukungaziphathi, kepha ukubulala ngokushesha nokulahla izilwane ezigulayo, bezama ngale ndlela ukuvikela abanye abantu emhlanjini ekuthelelekeni.
Isilinganiso esinesihluku, kepha esinobulungiswa, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi izilwane ezihlanzekile ezingcolile zivuleleka kalula ezifweni ezithelelanayo nezihlaselayo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zibangelwa amagciwane ayingozi namagciwane. Ama-Helminths, imikhaza nezinye izimuncagazi ezingena emzimbeni wesilwane ziba ngumthombo wokutheleleka ngezifo.
I-cysticercosis onogwaja
Isithombe:
Umthombo wokutheleleka yisinambuzane esiqinisa ikakhulu esifubeni nasesiswini sogwadule futhi sibe nomthelela ongemuhle ebuchosheni baso.
Imvamisa, leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni wesilwane ngokudla noma ngamanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi unogwaja ungangenwa yizo ezivela kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, ngokwesibonelo, inja.
Unogwaja onegciwane ulahlekelwa yisifiso sakhe sokudla, abe opha amandla, abukeke ekhathele, acishe ayeke ukunyakaza. Isitulo siba uketshezi, amabhulukana amancane avele emzimbeni onoketshezi olungena umbala ngaphakathi.
Onogwaja abasebancane batholwa kakhulu yi-cysticercosis - izilwane ezineminyaka eyi-1 kuye kwezintathu. Lesi sifo sihlala kancane - ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7, isilwane esinegciwane siyafa. Azikho izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo.
Kwi-prophylaxis, akukhuthaziwe ukugcina amakheji onogwaja eduze kwezinja, nokwenza i-"chemotherapy" - ngezikhathi ezithile faka ukudla okuhlanganisiwe ekudleni konogwaja, nge-10% mebelvent granulate. Inkambo yokuthatha lokhu kudla okuhlanganisiwe yizinsuku ezingama-30- 40.