Ososayensi bakhombisile ukuthi chimpanzi endle kwesinye isikhathi zidakwa ujusi wesundu obilisiwe. Ukutholwa kufakazela ukuthi uthando lotshwala kungenzeka ukuthi seluvele kumadlozi akude omuntu.

Lokhu kushiwo embhalweni wabaphengululi bezinto ezingamaPutukezi nabaseBrithani abashicilelwe ephephabhukwini iRoyal Society Open Science.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwatholakala ukuthi izidalwa ezinjengezimpompo ezihlobene nabantu. Ngakho-ke, chimpanzee angazihlobisa ngobucwebecwebe bawo bese eya ekuzingeleni ngemikhonto. Ababhali balesi sihloko bakhombisile ukuthi iz chimpanzee nabantu futhi bahlanganiswe ngumlutha wotshwala.

Sekuyiminyaka engu-17, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zibona inani lezinhlwathi ezihlala edolobhaneni laseBossou eGuinea (eNtshonalanga Afrika). Izakhamizi zakule ndawo zivuna lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yiwayini lesundu - i-raffia, ijusi yesundu, eye yenziwa ukuvuvukala kwemvelo. Ukuqoqa lesi siphuzo, abalimi basika iziqongo zezandla bese bebeka iziqukathi lapho ujamu ugeleza khona.

Ukuqoqwa “kwewayini” kwenziwa ekuseni nakusihlwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zezimpimpi zosuku zivakashela iziqukathi. Ososayensi babuka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthi bagcobe amaqabunga emilonyeni yabo, bawenze abe uhlobo lwesipanji. Ngemuva kwalokho chimpanzi uzifaka emgqonyeni bese ufaka ujusi ovuthiwe emilonyeni yazo. Imvamisa abantu abaningana bazibandakanya kulokhu ngasikhathi sinye, abadala nabancane.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, okuqukethwe ngotshwala be-ethyl ku ijusi yesundu kufinyelela ku-3-3,5%. Inani lalesi siphuzo, elidakwa yizinkawu ngasikhathi, ngokuya okuqukethwe utshwala, kwesinye isikhathi lingalingana nebhodlela lewayini elijwayelekile. Yize kuvela imibiko yothando lwezinkawu zotshwala ekuqaleni, ababhali balo msebenzi baqale ukuloba ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ejwayelekile yizinyoni zasendle.

Ososayensi babona ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi chimpanzee alala ngaso leso sikhathi ngemuva kokuthi “iqembu” noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lijabule. Isibonelo, ngolunye usuku, ngenkathi ezinye chimpanzee zakha okokugcina ubusuku, umngani wazo odakiwe wayeduka ngokuzungeza izihlahla eziseduzane ihora.

Ukusuka kulokhu, ababhali baphetha ngokuthi idlozi elijwayelekile lama-apth anthropoid nabantu bangazisebenzisa ngokuphepha izithelo ezivuthiwe nokunye ukudla okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kotshwala. Khumbula, muva nje, izazi zezakhi zofuzo zithole ukuthi okhokho bethu bathola ikhono lokungenisa utshwala be-ethyl cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-10 edlule.

Izindlovu

Lawa makhambi amakhulu abhekwa njengabathanda kakhulu utshwala. Baphenduka umlutha wotshwala lapho bezama izithelo zezithelo zezitshalo ezibilisiwe. Manje izindlovu zinomkhuba wokugoqa izitshalo ezinoshukela emgodini, zizilahle ngamaqabunga zilinde uhlobo lwe-mash. Konke kuzohamba kahle, kepha izindlovu ezidakwayo zingenza izinto ezimbi. Amacala okulimala kwabantu nezakhiwo zabo akuvamile emhlambini wezindlovu ezidakiwe.

Monkey

Izilwane ezinjengezilwane kakhulu abathanda kakhulu utshwala. Badla izithelo ezibilisiwe futhi bantshontsha utshwala kubantu. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngisho nabazingeli bezinkawu. I-Alcohol ingenye yezindlela zokugembula ezaziwa kakhulu ngabazingeli. Kuliqiniso, izinkawu azikwazi ukuphuza nakancane. Umuntu oyisidina angayeka kuphela uma esedakwe ngokuphelele.

Isibaya

Imvukuzane ibhekwa njengabaphuza kakhulu emndenini wezinyamazane. Uma bedakiwe, nabo baba yingozi. Futhi lapho sekutholwe imbungulu yedakwa kakhulu ibambekile phakathi kwezihlahla ezimbili. Ezinye izinhlobo zenyamazane nazo zithanda ukuphuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunephethini ecacile: enyakatho indawo yokuhlala kwenyamazane, kulapho amathuba abo okuthi aphuze khona utshwala.

Izinyoni

Izinyoni nazo azinandaba nokuphuza ujusi wezitshalo ezivuthiwe. Izinyoni eziningi zithanda utshwala, ngisho nezikhova. Futhi amashumi amathathu kubhekwa njengabaphuza kakhulu. Izazi zesayensi yemvelo ziye zathola ukuthi uthando lwazo ngezithelo ezivuthiwe luphezulu kunolo lwezinye izinyoni.

“Ukuphuza njengenhlanzi” kuthiwa kunesizathu. Imfucuza eminingi yotshwala ingena emifuleni nasemachibini, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlanzi ziye zafunda ukuyisebenzisa. Izinhlanzi ezidakiwe, njengomthetho, ziziphatha ngokwengeziwe nangolaka. Futhi ukudakwa kubonakala phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasemfuleni. I-Alcoholism ayizange ibonwe phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini.

Izingulube

Phakathi kwezilwane ezifuywe ekhaya, izingulube zingumnqobi ongathandeki kwabathandi botshwala. Bathanda udoti oqukethe utshwala futhi bahlala bekulungele ukusetshenziswa kwabo. Uma udakiwe, izingulube ziziphatha ngendlela ehlekisayo: shona odakeni nasesikhathini bese ukhala kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ingulube esimweni esihle kungenzeka idakwe kakhulu. Futhi, utshwala busiza izingulube zikhulule isisindo.

Yabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nezidakwa zezilwane kumazwana!

Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside lokuziphatha kwe-chimpanzee

Ucwaningo olwenziwe phakathi kweminyaka eyi-17 luqophe ukuthi chimpanzee baphuza kanjani ujusi abilisiwe besebenzisa amaqabunga. Abanye bakwazile ukugwinya kakhulu baze bakhombisa "izimpawu zokudakwa." Ku-athikili eshicilelwe eRoyal Society Open Science, isiphuzo esikhethwe yibo ababizwa ngama-primates naso sibizwa ngegama elithi - yiwayini lesundu elithosiwe, elitholwa ujusi we-raffia.

EGuinea-Bissau, lapho kwenziwa khona lolu cwaningo, abanye abantu bavuna “iwayini lesundu”, bagebha umqhele wesihlahla baqoqe ujusi ezitsheni zepulasitiki, bese bezicosha kabili ngosuku, ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ososayensi bafakaze kaninginingi ukuthi chimpanzee - imvamisa ngamaqembu - ekhuphuka izihlahla zesundu futhi aphuze loluju.

I-chimpanzee yasendle iphuza iwayini lesundu nesipanji esivela emaqabunga

AmaChimpanzee afunde nokwenza amathuluzi - amathuluzi angempela okusebenza kwezilwane. Uyini umsebenzi? Ekukhiqizeni uketshezi! Ukuze wenze lokhu, bathatha amaqabunga amaqabunga, bahlafuna bese baphenduka isisindo esidonsa. Lapho-ke izinkawu zidonsa imishini yazo ezitsheni bese zincela okuqukethwe yizihloko ezinsiponji.

Ososayensi abaholwa nguDkt Kimberley Hockings - Inyuvesi yase-Oxford Brooks kanye ne-Center for Anthropological Research, ePortugal - babala okuqukethwe ngotshwala ewayinini (kwakukhona notshwala ababalelwa ku-3%) basusa "chimpanzee abaphuzayo."

Izilwane zakhombisa zonke izinkomba zokudakwa: ezinye zalala ngemuva nje kokuphuza utshwala, kwathi isikhulu sembumbulu sendoda endala sasebenza ngokuthokoza. Wazulazula esihlahleni esiya kwesinye isihlahla ihora esikhundleni sokuhlala phansi ubusuku, njengabo abanye.

Ukuphuza i-chimpanzee endle (ividiyo)

Ngokokuqala ngqa, izazi zokuziphatha zibhale futhi zilinganise ukusetshenziswa ngokuzithandela kotshwala yinkawu yasendle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthando olusobala lwamachimpane ngalesi siphuzo lunezela emlandweni wolwazi lokuziphendukela kwemvelo mayelana nokuthambekela okuvamile kwezikhulu (abantu nezinkawu) notshwala.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe nguMatthew Carrigan, eSanta Fe College, e-USA, luveze ukuthi okhokho babantu kanye nezinkawu zase-Afrika bathola izakhi zofuzo ezibavumela ukuthi bathathe kahle i-ethanol.

USolwazi Richard Byrne waseNyuvesi yaseSt Andrews waphawula ukuthi imvelaphi yokuvela kwalolu hlobo mhlawumbe ukuthi "yavula ukufinyelela kulo lonke ushukela olulula - umthombo omuhle wamandla" ovikelwe 'ngengozi ngotshwala obuyingozi. "

NgokukaDkt Katherine Hobeyter - Inyuvesi yaseSt Andrews, kungakuthokozela ukufunda ngokuziphatha kwezimpimpi ngokwengeziwe: ngokwesibonelo, ingabe banawo yini umncintiswano emzabalazweni wokuthola utshwala.

"Ngisho sekwedlule iminyaka engama-60 befunda [iz chimpanzee], basamangaza njalo."
UDkt Katherine Hobater