Uma ubuza cishe noma yimuphi umuntu ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo eziluhlaza ezidlayo, khona-ke njengomthetho ungezwa ngomanyolo - i-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potash. Ikharikhulamu ngesizathu esithile yaqhuba ngokuqinile lolu lwazi emakhanda ethu. Impendulo izwakala ngandlela thize: "Ilanga namanzi." Kepha embuzweni wokuthi yiziphi izitshalo eziphefumlayo, iningi liyaphendula: “I-Carbon dioxide. Baphefumula umoya-mpilo owusizo. ” Vele, zonke lezi zimpendulo azilungile. Eqinisweni, konke kuhlukile ...
Njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni oMhlaba (ngaphandle kwamagciwane e-anaerobic kanye nezakhamizi zezintaba-mlilo ezijulile zolwandle - "ababhemayo abamnyama"), izitshalo eziluhlaza ziphefumula umoya-mpilo. Kepha abayikhiphi i-carbon dioxide nhlobo, kepha ... yidla! Kusuka kwikhabhoni okuyisakhiwo sayo ukuthi izitshalo zakha zonke izitho zazo nezicubu zazo, kuba nguphethiloli nezinto zokwakha zazo. Ngakho-ke, esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhula kwezitshalo eziluhlaza kungukuqukethwe kwekhabhoni dioksijini emvelweni (emoyeni wezitshalo zomhlaba kanye namanzi wamanzi), CO2. Sizokhuluma ngaye namhlanje ...
Kungani ikhabhoni dioksijini e-aquarium
Isizathu esiyinhloko esenza i-CO ingezwe ku-aquarium2, Ingabe kukhona ukudla kwezimila zasemanzini. Emathangini asendlini ajwayelekile, i-carbon dioxide ifinyelela ku-30 mg ilitha elilodwa lamanzi.
Iphesenti elithile lekhabhoni dioksayidi lingena emanzini e-aquarium ngenxa yempilo yezinhlanzi, kodwa leli nani alanele ukuba khona kwezitshalo ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kokudla okujwayelekile kwe-carbon ezithweni zezicubu zezitshalo, ukwakheka kwamandla lapho inqubo ye-photosynthesis iyaphela.
Musa overdo it!
Ubulukhuni be-Carbonate, i-acidity yamanzi kanye nokugxila kwe-CO2 ngamapharamitha athembekile, ngakho-ke, ukwazi amabili awo, unganquma owesithathu. Qondisisa kahle ukuthi kuyini ukuqoqwa kwe-CO2 ku-aquarium yakho, izinkomba zokuqina kwe-carbonate (kH) kanye ne-acidity (pH) yamanzi kuzokusiza, kanye naleli tafula:
Usebenzisa i-bubble counter, udinga ukulungisa ukugeleza kwekhabhoni dioksi kusistimu yakho kuya e-aquarium ukuze okuqukethwe kuyo kusendaweni “eluhlaza”. Uma i-aquarium yakho izinzile, kuvame ngokwanele ukulungisa inkomba kanye ngenyanga noma ezimbili, khumbula izinga lokuhamba kukagesi kumabhamuthi ngomzuzu, bese umane ulondoloze ukugeleza kulelijubane eliqhubekayo. CO ubusuku bonke2 kumele icishwe (ngesandla noma nge-othomathikhi), ngaphandle kwalokho ebusuku i-pH yamanzi izokwehla kakhulu.
Ungenza lula inqubo ngokuthenga inkomba yengilazi ye-CO2 emanzini, okubizwa nge- "drop Checker". Umbala wewuketshezi kuwo uyashintsha ngokuya ngensimbi yokuboniswa kwekhabhoni, futhi isho okufanayo nemibala esencwadini ye-nameplate kulesibalo: ophuzi - iningi le-CO2, okwesibhakabhaka - okuncane, nokuluhlaza - kunjalo nje. Kungcono ukungalokothi ukulethele umbala ophuzi: imvamisa i-ketshezi ese-eye isheke iyaphenduka iphuzi lapho okuhlushwa kudlule izinga eliyingozi kunhlanzi. Khumbula ukuthi "i-drop Checker" iyithuluzi elisebenzayo "futhi ayiphenduli ezishintsheni ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokushintsha izinga lokugeleza kwegesi, kufanele ulinde uhhafu wehora ngaphambi kokuba ukufundwa kwayo kuqale ukuhambelana neqiniso. I-index yenkomba kuma-drop Checkers ihlala izinyanga ezintathu, bese iyaphenduka ibe mnyama, inamafu, futhi idinga ukushintshwa. Ngendlela, uketshezi lwe-drop-Checkers lemikhiqizo ehlukene ethengiswa ezitolo zezilwane lushintshana ngokuphelele (ukwakheka kwazo kuyafana).
Imithombo eminingi yezemibhalo iluleka ukuthi, ngobulukhuni obujwayelekile be-carbonate ezindaweni zethu zasemanzini, cishe nge-kH = 4, setha isilinganiso sokuhlinzekwa kwekhabhoni dioksijini sifinyelele kumabhamuthi angama-5 ngomzuzu kuwo wonke amalitha angama-50 wevolumu ye-aquarium. Kuyacaca ukuthi lesi sibalo cishe, kodwa kungcono ukulawula ukuhamba kwezinkomba, kuqala ngaso. uma kungenjalo, futhi, kunobungozi bokukusebenzisa ngokweqile.
Ukufakwa kwamabhaluni
Le yindlela elula nefanele kunazo zonke yokuhlinzeka ngegesi emanzini. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa ethangini elikhulu elijwayelekile.
Uhlelo lufaka isilinda kanye ne-gearbox, okubandakanya:
- Amawashi wokulungiswa okuhle kwesilinganiso sokugeleza kwegesi,
- I-Solenoid valve ngekhoyili,
- I-valve yokusiza yokucindezela,
- Izingcindezi zokucindezela
- Isiphikiso se-Bubble.
Ungathenga ukufakwa esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukuthi izindleko zedivayisi kuncike kumkhiqizi nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukukhulisa: intengo yesilinda sesikhathi esisodwa icishe ibe ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15, futhi ekugcwaliseni kabusha kuzodingeka ukhokhe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-50.
Inzuzo ye-Generator - ukulawula okuqondile kokuhlushwa kokukhipha kwe-CO2. Okubi ngumhlangano oyinkimbinkimbi.
Isilinda singaphansi kwengcindezi. Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokufanele:
- Musa ukwehla
- Gcina endaweni enomoya omncane kude nemithombo yokushisa nomlilo.
- Ungashiyi elangeni eliqondile, noma endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula khona + 50 ° C,
- Sebenza uqonde
- Refuel eziteshini eziklanywe ngokukhethekile,
- Ungaphefumuli igesi.
IBraga
Umthombo onjalo we-CO2 Kuyisitsha esinezimpawu ezivaliwe, lapho ishubhu lishiya khona. Ngaphakathi kukhona imash.
Imiyalo yokuthi ungawusebenzisa kanjani umkhiqizo: Ama-300 g kashukela no-0,3 g wegwele elomile athathelwa ilitha elilodwa lamanzi esitsheni esingu-2-litre. Kwesinye isikhathi isixhumi sesibili sixhunywa ukuvikela izakhi zegwebu ekungeneni emanzini e-aquarium. Ukuze wandise ukuvutshelwa, sebenzisa isoda, i-gelatin noma isitashi. Kepha noma kunjalo, le divayisi ayisebenzi isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ama-2: imvubelo, selicutshungushelwe ushukela, iyafa ngotshwala obubangelwa. Kufanele sihlukanise idizayini, ehlanzekile, ne-refuel.
Izinzuzo zedivayisi - umhlangano olula, ukusetshenziswa okuphephile. Okubi - ukukhishwa okungazinzile nokungalawulwa kwe-carbon dioxide.
Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali
Indlela engaphansi yokusebenzisa ikhaya ukusuthisa amanzi we-CO2, - ukwenza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwemikhiqizo yemvelo ye-carbonate (i-soda, i-chalk, i-egghell, i-dolomite) ne-acid (i-citric, i-acetic). Ukulawula inani lekhabhoni dioksi ekhishwe, inqubo yenziwa kwelebhu yelebhu yaseKipp.
Inzuzo yendlela inzuzo. Okubi, njengalokho kukheshi: ukulawulwa okuyinkinga kwezinga lokukhiqizwa kwegesi, isidingo sokuvuselela ama-reagents. Ukufakwa okuphoqelekile kwensiza evikelayo, njengoba umphumela wekhabhoni dayokthasi ususa izinhlayiya ze-acid, kunengozi yokufaka ubuthi kubantu abahlala endaweni yokugcina amanzi.
Ukulungiselela i-Carbon
I-Liquid (isb. Tetra CO2 I-Plus) noma njengamathebulethi anyibilikayo (Hobby Sanoplant CO2) equkethe i-calcium carbonate ne-organic acid. Umgomo waleli thuluzi ulula: ithebhulethi, lapho yehliselwa emanzini e-aquarium, incibilika kancane ngokukhishwa kwekhabhoni dayoksi. Kepha okususwayo ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthola umthamo womuthi ngamehlo, futhi akuyona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Amadivayisi okuhlinzeka nge-carbon dioxide emanzini
Ngaphezu kukhiqizi we-CO2, we-aquarium udinga iyunithi ekhethekile yokufafaza. Inhloso esetshenziselwa yona ukuvikela ukuphunyula kwekhabhoni dayibheli emanzini ungene emoyeni osuzungezile. I-atomizer evamile evela ohlelweni lwe-aeration ngeke isebenze. Basebenzisa idivaysi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi yi-CO reactor.2. Kungaba:
- I-Glass diffuser ehlanganiswe ekufakweni kwamathangi. Ihamba kahle ngohlelo lwe-balloon nendlela ye-carbonate-acid.
- Ikhala insimbi.
- Isifutho sokweba. Inika amabhamuza amakhulu.
- Isitebhisi se-Bubble. Umgomo wokusebenza - ngengilazi noma ngengilazi epulasitiki, i-bubble yegesi ikhuphuka kancane endleleni lapho kuhanjwa khona, incibilike emanzini.
- Amagatsha eRowan. Nikeza ngamabhamuza amancane. Kodwa izinto ezingcolile kufanele zishintshwe njalo.
Inani elinikezwe i-carbon dioxide
Kudingeka i-carbon dioxide engakanani kunqunywa ngosayizi we-aquarium kanye nenani lezimila.
Emvelweni, ukuqoqwa kwe-CO2 emanzini agobhozayo yi-2-10 mg / l, kumile - 30 mg / l. Emanzini empompo - akukho ngaphezu kwe-3 mg / l. E-aquarium ngaphandle kwe-generator, ngaphansi kuka-1 mg / l.
Izitshalo eziningi ziyahlomula nge-CO ethe xaxa.2abanye abangaphansi. Ama-Aquarists azama ukugcina izinga eliphakathi kwama-3-5 mg / l. I-overdose ayemukeleki uma inani lidlula i-30 mg / l.
I-carbon dioxide engaphezulu idala ingozi yezinhlanzi, iba yingozi ngokubabazekayo, ingasebenzi. Ku-CO egcwele2 elula aquarium algae ziqala ukwanda ngenkuthalo.
Ukuntuleka kwekhabhoni diokishini kubonakaliswa ukwehla kwe-acidity yamanzi. Ukunquma izinga lobunzima bamanzi, sebenzisa itafula elikhethekile nokuhlolwa kwezinkomba, okungathengwa esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Futhi kungcono ukusebenzisa i-dropchecker. Amanzi avuzwe kulesi sikhombisi aphenduka aphuzi lapho i-CO idlulwa2, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - okune-deficit, nohlaza - okujwayelekile.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwekhabhoni dayokhi kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze izinhlanzi zihlale ziphilile, izitshalo zikhula kahle. Uma impilo yezilwane ezifuywayo ze-aquarium iba mandundu, ukuphuma kwegesi kufanele kuncishiswe, noma kuphazanyiswe, kuze kube yilapho ukwakhiwa kwamanzi sekujwayelekile.
Indlela elula yokuhlinzekela isikhutha
Into eyinhloko isitsha (ibhodlela lepulasitiki elinamalitha amabili, ngokwesibonelo) nge-braga ejwayelekile. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zokuvutshelwa kuthululelwa ebhodleleni:
Izinto ezingavuthiwe zithululelwa nge-1 litre lamanzi, ushukela awuvuswa. I -hubhu (i-hose) ifakwa ngendlela enobuhlakani ebhokisini lamabhodlela ngesinye isiphetho, bese kuthi elinye icala leshubhu lihliselwe emanzini e-aquarium. Lapho kuqala inqubo yokuvutshelwa, kukhishwa i-carbon dioxide ekhishwa ku-aqua.
Ukuvimbela ukugoqeka kwezingxube zemithi zingangeni kwi-aquarium, unganamathisela ibhodlela elincane lepulasitiki ethangini elikhulu bese unamathisela amanye amashubhu ama-2 ukuze imikhiqizo yegesi neyokuvutshelwa kuqala iwele ethangini elincane bese ingena kwi-aquarium.
Le ndlela inezinkinga ezinkulu:
- ukungakwazi ukulungisa inani lekhabhoni dayoksi elinikezwe emanzini e-aquarium kanye nokungazinzi kokuphakelwa kwayo,
- isikhathi esifushane sohlelo olunjalo sifinyelela kumaviki amabili.
DIY CO2 generator
Ukukhiqiza i-generator yegesi esebenza kahle ngokulawula ukugeleza, kuzodingeka izinto zokwenziwa okuningana nabasebenzi.
Umgomo wokusebenza kokufakwa uqukethe ukunikezwa kancane kancane kwe-citric acid kusuka kwesinye isikejana kuya kwesinye, lapho kutholakala khona isoda lokubhaka. I-asidi ixubana noshukela, bese kuthi i-CO2 ekhishwe ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali ingene ethangini le-aquarium. Cabanga ngenqubo yokukhiqiza ngokuya ngezigaba zomsebenzi.
Ukudalwa kwezinto zokusebenza
Thatha amabhodlela epulasitiki amabili afanayo. Ezibophweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushaye ngokucophelela izimbobo ezi-2 ku-Drill yesihlahla ukuze kufakwe amabhubhu (hoses) alandelayo. I-tube eyodwa ene-valve yokuhlola ixhumanisa ithangi 1 kuya ethangini 2.
Kufakwe ithubhu le-tee endaweni evulekile yesibili yamakhaphethi, elinye lamagatsha libuye libe ne-valve yokuhlola. Ama-hoses anama-valve angabuyi kufanele afakwe ethangini No. 2, kufakwe isikhuni esincane egatsheni eliphakathi le-tee ukulawula ukugeleza.
Ama-Reagents Abalulekile
Isixazululo esimanzi se-soda (60 g kasawoti nge-100 g yamanzi) sithululelwa ebhodleleni Cha 1, bese ibhodlela No. 2 ligcwele isixazululo se-citric acid (50 g ye-asidi nge-100 g lamanzi). Amabhulukwe anamashubhu kufanele ahlutshiwe ngokuqinile emabhodleleni.
Wonke amalunga nokuvuleka kufanele kuvalwe ngokuphephile nge-resin noma nge-silicone ukuvikela ukuvuza kwegesi. Amaphethelo we-hose yokuqala kufanele ehliselwe kwizisombululo, futhi amashubhu asekhohlo nangakwesobunxele e-tee kufanele afakwe ngenhla kwezinga lezisombululo - i-CO2 izodlula ngakubo.
Ukuqala komsebenzi
Ukuqala inqubo yokuphehla igesi, udinga ukucindezela inombolo yebhodlela 2 (nge-citric acid). I-acid nge-hose yokuqala ingena kusisombululo se-soda, futhi ukusabela kwenzeka ngokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide. I-valve engabuyisi ye-nozzle ayivumeli isisombululo sesoda ngaphansi kwengcindezi ukuze singene ethangini No. 2.
Ugesi oguquliwe ugeleza ngezindlela ezimbili:
- ebhodleleni le-citric acid, okudala ingcindezi yesizukulwane esiqhubekayo,
- egatsheni eliphakathi le-tee, lapho i-CO2 ingena kwi-aquarium.
Usebenzisa isikulufu esiqiniselwe ekugcineni kwethumbu, ungalawula ukugeleza kwegesi. Uma usebenzisa ama-hoses kusuka ku-dropper yezokwelapha esikhundleni sethayela elenzelwe ekhaya, kuzovela elinye i-bubble gesi, elungele kakhulu ukudala ukuqoqwa okunembile kwe-CO2 emanzini e-aquarium.
Ama-generator we-CO2
Olunye uhlobo Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-CO2 ukusetshenziswa I-CO2 generator. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-generator we-CO2. Owokuqala Mash. Okwesibili kungumkhiqizi wamakhemikhali usebenzisa i-carbonate ene-asidi. Lezi zindlela zombili zilungele ama-aquarium asayizi aphakathi nendawo - afinyelela kumalitha ayi-100. Ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemanzini, futhi ikakhulu nangobukhulu bokutshala obukhulu, izitshalo ze-aquarium zingahle zingabi namandla angaphezulu wesizukulwane se-CO2.
I-CO2 ye-aquarium kusuka ku-mash
Umakhi onjalo ikakhulukazi uqukethe umkhumbi otshalwe ngendlela enophawu olune-tube yokucekela phansi kanye ne-CO2. Ibhodlela lepulasitiki lingasebenza njengesitsha. Kwesinye isikhathi basebenzisa isicupho esingeziwe esivela ebhodleleni lepulasitiki lesibili, uma kwenzeka amagwebu evele ebhodleleni. Isicupho sivimba imash ukuthi ingangeni ku-aquarium.
I-mash ngokwayo ingaqukatha amagremu ushukela (hhayi oncibilikisiwe), amagremu we-0,3 we-SafLevure yeast eyomile (yeziphuzo namakhekhe), ilitha eli-1 lamanzi ebhodleleni elingu-2. Kwesinye isikhathi ushukela uyancibilika kanye ne-gelatin ngamalitha amanzi ayi-0.5 namalitha ayi-0.5 engxube yemvubelo namanzi afudumele athululelwa phezu kwawo. Njengomthetho, i-mash enjalo ayidluli amaviki angaphezu kwamabili. Ukwehlukahluka kokupheka kwe-mash kulwandle nje, kepha kuyaqabukela lapho kungenzeka ukwengeza umsebenzi wawo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ayi-2.
- ukukhululeka komhlangano
- intengo ephansi yezinto zokuhlangana,
- ukuphepha.
- ukungazinzi Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-CO2,
- insiza ephansi
- ukuntuleka kokulawula kokuphakelayo.
Umkhiqizi we-CO2 ovela ku-citric acid no-soda.
Ngokungafani namash, anjalo I-CO2 generator ihlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa okuthe xaxa kwekhabhoni dioxide. Ngoba kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kokufana kwekhambi le-citric acid kusisombululo se-soda ngokukhululwa kwe-CO2 kunenqubo efanayo yokufaka ushukela ushukela.
Kunemiklamo ehlukahlukene yabakhiqizi be-CO2 abanjalo. Inketho ethakazelisa kakhulu, eyenziwe ngohlelo olulandelayo, oluthathwe kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi i-51co2.com (KuRuNet itholakala njengeYuri TPV CO2 Generator):
Umongo wokufakwa okunjalo I-CO2 generator kulelo citric acid livela esitsheni FUTHI esitsheni I-AT nge-soda, lokhu kukhiqiza i-CO2. Ikhabhoni dioksiyidi ephumela lapho idala ingcindezi eyengeziwe kuzo zombili izitsha, ngoba zixhunywe yisiteshi 2-1-10-9 nama-valves wokuhlola ezinhlangothini zombili (3 futhi 8) Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-valve 3,8 futhi 7 hlinzeka ukunyakaza kwe-CO2 endaweni eyodwa kuphela - kusuka esitsheni I-AT ukuze FUTHI futhi ungene ku-aquarium, kodwa hhayi emuva. Lapho nje i-CO2 iphuma i-generator, esiteshini 2-1-10-9 nesitsha I-AT ingcindezi iyancipha, kepha hhayi esitsheni FUTHI (i-valve 3 ambambe). Ngakho-ke, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi esitsheni FUTHI inyenya i-citric acid esitsheni FUTHI esitsheni I-AT futhi futhi kukhona isizukulwane se-CO2.
Ukuqina kwesizukulwane kulawulwa yi-valve yenaliti. D.
- intengo ephansi yezinto zokuhlangana,
- ukuphepha,
- ukuzinza okugculisayo Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-CO2,
- amandla okulawula ubukhulu Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-CO2.
- Ubunzima bomhlangano, ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphansi zezinto zokwakha,
- insiza ephansi
- umfutho ophansi wokuphakelwa kwe-CO2.
Kwizinhlelo ezifakwe kuhlu Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-CO2 Okudingayo i-reactor lapho i-CO2 ichithwa / ifafazwe emanzini we-aquarium kanye nekhawunta ye-bubble lapho inani le-CO2 elinikezwe i-aquarium lilawulwa khona. Kunenombolo enkulu yama-reactors asebenza ezimisweni ezahlukahlukene. Inketho elula kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo kunazo zonke Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-CO2 ekungeneni kwesihlungi sangaphakathi ku-aquarium. Izinketho ezithakazayo zixoxwa ngesihloko seforamu Ukukhetha i-Reactor Esebenzayo. Kodwa akuzona zonke izindlela zokuhlinzeka ze-CO2 ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-reactor. Funda ngakho ngezansi.
I-Carbon dioxide e-aquarium, intshebe emnyama nomqondo ojwayelekile
Umlayezo OkweRoma »Dec 27, 2011 12:56 a.m.
Isigameko esisanda kwenzeka ku-birdie sangenza ngangiqala ukubhala lo mbhalo. Umlingani wasondela kimi, saxoxa isikhathi eside, ngenza okuningi futhi, kwakubonakala kimi, ngamchazela ngokuningiliziwe imigomo yokusebenzisa i-CO2 e-aquarium, kwathi ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva kwesinye sezithangami ngamthola ekhala ngenxa yokuthi wathenga isifutho sokopha, Yebo, kepha akwenzeki lutho ... Kulungile naye, umlingani ongaqondakali, kwenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha isisindo sezinganekwane nokucatshangwa okungenangqondo okuphathelene nokunikezwa kwekhabhoni dioksijini kuya e-aquarium kudinga ukucaciswa okuthile.
Ngakho-ke, kungani i-CO2 idliwe ku-aquarium? Imvamisa, ukunikezwa kwe-CO2 kukhulunywa ngezimo ezimbili - ukusheshisa ukukhula kwesitshalo ezindaweni ezihlobisa imvelo nokulwa nentshebe emnyama (kulabo abangazi, lokhu kungumhlobiso oyisidlakela futhi olimazayo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili kwecala lokuqala nelesibili, kwenziwa amaphutha amaningi nokungaqondakali ngokuphelele komsuka wenqubo kukhonjiswa kaningi. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokufeza uhlelo lokufundisa.
Okokuqala, masikhumbule ukuthi kungani i-carbon dioxide (okwabizwa ngayo CO2) ngokuvamile iyadingeka empilweni yezitshalo? Wonke umuntu kufanele akhumbule enkambweni yesikole se-botany (ngithemba ukuthi wonke umuntu wafunda esikoleni?) Ukuthi izitshalo ekukhanyeni zidonsa i-carbon dioxide futhi zikhiphe i-oxygen. Imvamisa, ulwazi luphela lapho, futhi akekho ongakhumbula ukuthi kungani lumunca lapho. Eqinisweni, i-CO2 iyisakhi esibaluleke kakhulu se-photosynthesis yezitshalo, uma uyichaza ngefomula yamakhemikhali, uthola lokhu:
I-6CO2 + 6H2O + amandla elanga -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Kuvela ukuthi ama-carbohydrate, ama-amino acid nezinye izinto eziphilayo akhiwe ngamanzi kanye nekhabhoni dayokthokho. Lokho wukuthi, empeleni, singasho ukuthi lesi sitshalo "sakha" ngokwaso ngokungenisa i-CO2. I-oksijini ekhishiwe ingumkhiqizo owenziwe okuthile, into esemqoka okudingeka isitshalo ukuthola izinto zokwakha zamaseli ayo, lapho isiqu, amaqabunga, ukhipha izimbali nakho konke okutshala izitshalo kukhula. I-CO2 ingukudla okuyinhloko, kudambisa isitshalo se-CO2 futhi izokuma ikhule futhi iqale ukubuna, wonke umanyolo, amabhola ezimpande, amaphilisi emhlabathini, umanyolo owuketshezi - konke lokhu akulutho ngaphandle kwezengezo. Vele, ukuqhathanisa okunjalo akulungile, kepha ochwepheshe bazongithethelela, kepha kuzozwakala ngokwengeziwe ama-dummies - ngingaqhathanisa wonke umanyolo ngamavithamini. Lapha ulapha, yebo yebo, uyakwazi ukuzenzela ukudla ngamavithamini kuphela? Vumela okuhle kakhulu futhi okubiza kakhulu? Noma ingabe usadinga i-steak eyosiwe yempilo, noma okungenani i-oatmeal emanzini? Lokhu nokuthi, nakhu izitshalo zidinga futhi okudingekayo - i-CO2, konke okunye kuyinsiza, uhlobo lwamavithamini kithi. Khumbula lokhu ngokuqinile futhi ungazididanisi umanyolo (amavithamini) nge-CO2 (isidlo sasemini esimnandi). Lezi izinto ezahlukahlukene.
Manje siphendukela lapho inkinga ne-CO2 ku-aquarium ivelaphi. Ezincwadini ezifanayo zesikole, kuyaziwa ukuthi i-CO2 itholakala emkhathini kanti isabelo sakhona sifinyelela ku-0,03% (lokhu kucishe kube yi-1/700 yesabelo se-oxygen). Emanzini, isilinganiso sishintsha kakhulu - aze afike ku-0,5 mg / l CO2 angaqothulwa kwilitha lamanzi, elingaba ngu-70 izikhathi ezingaphezu komoya nangomoya ongu-7 cm3 / ilitha komoya (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-0,01 CO2 ne-oxygen engu-210 emoyeni). Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, isilinganiso sishintshe kakhulu, i-CO2 incibilika kangcono emanzini, futhi umoya-mpilo, kunalokho, kubi kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokumangazayo, kepha i-CO2 nayo ingakhishwa emanzini ngokushesha nje uma iphazanyiswa noma iphazamiseka.
Emvelweni, ukutholwa kwe-CO2 ngamanzi kwenzeka ku-99% ngenxa yokuxhumana komoya nangaphezulu kwamanzi. Ungabhala kahle inqubo ngokusho ukuthi amagagasi antshontsha i-CO2 emoyeni. Okunye ukuphefumula kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kanye nezitshalo ngokwazo. Yebo Yebo! Izitshalo zibuye ziphefumule, futhi ekukhanyeni le nqubo ifana ne-photosynthesis, okungukuthi, i-CO2 idonswa kanyekanye futhi kukhululwa i-oksijini, kuthi kuphume umoya-mpilo bese kukhululwa i-CO2. Kungukuthi ubukhulu be-photosynthesis ekukhanyeni buphakeme kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kutholakala i-oxygen eningi. Ebumnyameni, izitshalo ziphefumula kuphela, okungukuthi, zikhipha i-CO2. Kepha ebuningini obujwayelekile, okuvame ukuvelela ngenxa yokuphefumula kuyinto ebuhlungu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngezibi zemvelo, ukuphefumula kunganakwa. Amaphesenti adabukisayo we-CO2 aphumelelayo awaqhathaniswa nemanani athathwe emoyeni.
Kepha qhathanisa isilinganiso sezitshalo nezindawo ezingaphezulu zamachibi emvelo! Isitshalo ngasinye sinendawo enkulu engaphezulu kwamanzi. Eqinisweni, empeleni, izitshalo zihlala emaphethelweni asogwini, futhi ngisho nengxenye yazo iphuma emanzini, ithola ikhabhoni dioksijini futhi emoyeni. Manje bheka i-aquarium - yileli kanye ucezu lwesifunda olusogwini, ikhiyubhu eligcwele izitshalo. Kodwa zikuphi izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba lapho i-CO2 idonswa khona? Kepha abekho ku-aquarium. Zonke izitshalo ezikhona ze-CO2 zidliwa emizuzwini embalwa ngemuva kokukhanyisela, bese kutholwa kuphela imvuthuluka evela ekuphefumuleni kwezinhlanzi. Vele, kukhona okungena emanzini ngesikhathi se-aeration, kepha uyakhumbula ukuthi i-CO2 incibilika kalula emanzini futhi idedelwa kalula kuyo. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi i-aeration iyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili - ichitha kancane, ithatha inani elifanayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho - cishe akukho okuguqukayo. Futhi izitshalo, njengoba zazihlala zilambile, ngakho hlala ulambile.
Kuliqiniso, inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi lingadambisa isimo, kepha ezimeni eziningi, izinhlanzi azanele ekukhuleni kwesitshalo okujwayelekile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngemihlobiso yemifino etshalwe izitshalo. Imvamisa kunezinhlanzi ezimbalwa emanzini anjalo, kepha kunezitshalo eziningi. Futhi isilinganiso sezitshalo sidabukisa kakhulu. Kwabaningi bezazi zasemanzini lokhu kubonakala kwanele, amaqabunga ayakhula, abanye babonakala bekhula ngokushesha, yini okufanele sikhathazeke ngayo? Kwabaningi, kulula kakhulu, akukho lutho olukhula ngokuxakile, akudingeki usondele e-aquarium isikhathi esingange kanye ngenyanga futhi akumelwe usike noma yini. Konke kulula futhi kumnandi.
Futhi konke kuzohamba kahle, kepha i-idyll ngesinye isikhathi ingahle yephulwe ngendlela ebukhali kakhulu - ukuhlaselwa kwe-algae ye-parasitic. Ngeke ngize ngibe nezizathu zokuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka ngokungazelelwe e-aquarium ebiyinhle futhi ichuma, vele ngiyithathe njengeqiniso - umhubhe, ikakhulukazi "intshebe emnyama", bavele ngokuzumayo bese konke kuhamba kabi. Ngemuva kwalokho i-aquarist iqala ukubheka izindlela zokusindiswa enhlekeleleni ebingayilindelanga, icwaninga ukubuyekezwa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene angabulala ubuthi obungafuneki, igaye kwi-Intanethi nasezincwadini ezikhethekile. Futhi ekugcineni, ibinzana lomlingo elithi "Tse-O-Mbili" lizoba yimpendulo yomlingo yokuthola izindlela zokuxazulula inkinga, futhi okokuqala umazi wasemanzini oyindidane uzohlangana nezinto ezinjengesilinda noma “ugesi”, umhlaziyi ophikisayo ne-CO2 Reor.
Vele, lapha ngilethe icala eleqisayo, kepha okuhlangenwe nakho kwami komuntu kukhombisa ukuthi abantu abaningi kakhulu beza isidingo sokusebenzisa i-CO2 ukulwa nje nokulwa kwama-algae kunalabo abathandayo abangajwayelekile abamane bakhulele ezingeni lokwakha i-aquarium yokuhlobisa.
Ngaphambi kokubheka izindlela nezindlela zokusungula i-CO2 emanzini, sizothola ukuthi ukwandisa inani le-CO2 emanzini kungasiza kanjani ekulweni ne-algae. Eqinisweni, konke kulula kakhulu lapha futhi kwehlela umncintiswano phakathi kwezitshalo. Iqiniso ngukuthi umetabolism kanye nokusebenza kwe-photosynthesis ezitshalweni eziphakeme kusebenza kakhulu kunase-algae yakudala neyokuqala. Ngakho-ke, i-algae inganqoba kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile, "ezingathandeki" zezitshalo eziphakeme. Futhi esinye salezi zimo ukubulawa yindlala kwekhabhoni. I-CO2 enqabile ekhona emanzini inanele i-algae yasendulo, kodwa ayinele ngokuphelele ezitshalweni eziphakeme eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-algae iyakhula, idla ngempumelelo izakhi zomzimba ezihlakazwe emanzini, futhi izitshalo eziphakeme zimi cishe ngaphandle kokukhula bese zigoba buthule. Omunye anganquma - kuyadingeka ukufaka i-CO2 emanzini futhi konke kuzolungiswa ngaso leso sikhathi! Uqinisile, kepha uhhafu. Ngoba i-CO2 kuphela akuyona i-panacea. Khumbula ifomula, kunezinye izinto ezimbili - amanzi nokukhanya. Ake sithi sinamanzi amaningi, i-aquarium ephelele, kepha ingabe kukhona ukukhanya okwanele? Kukhanya okulungile, ingabe kudonswa izitshalo? Ngokuthola okungu-90%, ngizozibeka engcupheni yokuthatha ukuthi cha. Zonke izindawo zasemanzini ezinamagama (futhi ezingenawo uphawu) ziza ngokukhanya okuphansi kakhulu. Imvamisa ungabona ukuthi ama bulb ama-watt amabili abekwa kanjani kwi-aquarium yamalitha ayi-120. Hlukanisa i-2x15 nge-120 futhi uthole amandla akhanyayo angama-0,25 watts ilitha ngalinye. Lokhu akwanele, isici sokukhula okusebenzayo kwesitshalo sizoba okungenani ama-watts ayi-0,5 ilitha, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujula kwe-aquarium kanye nokwakheka okuhle kwamalambu kufanele kubhekwe. Okusho ukuthi, e-aquarium ejwayelekile enjalo kuzofanela ufake amanye amalambu amabili, ukuze unikeze izitshalo ukukhanya okwanele kwe-photosynthesis.
Kepha ake sicabange ukuthi sibeka ezinye izibani ezimbili ku-aquarium, kepha azange siguqule okunye, okungukuthi, inani le-CO2 lahlala lifana. Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi konke onakho kuzoqhakaza futhi kukhuphuke? Akunandaba! Ngokunokwenzeka uzokhuphuka ngentshiseko ulwelwe oluhlaza, futhi namanzi 'ayoqhakaza' abe ngombala njengengubo enhle. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka kusuka ukungalingani kwe-banal - kunokukhanya okuningi, kepha akukho ukudla okwanele, okungukuthi, i-CO2. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo azikakhuli, kepha i-algae ingumhlaba wangempela.
Lungisa lesi simo, unikeze i-CO2 ku-aquarium. Izitshalo zizokhula kakhulu, umdwebo uzoqala ukungavinjelwa, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana izitshalo zizophinda zime futhi ziyeke ukukhula. Kwenzenjani? Ingabe kunokudla okwanele manje? Futhi ayama, lapho, ngisho namaqabunga aqala ukuphuma aphuzi futhi ambozwe izimbobo ... Kepha iqiniso ukuthi sikhohliwe “ngamavithamini”. Izitshalo zakhipha zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokulandela emanzini futhi zime. Futhi kunqumuke isikhashana uzame futhi ukusebenzisa i-algae. Okufanele ngikwenze? Sifaka umanyolo nama-microelements emanzini bese amaqabunga esephinde aba namanzi futhi eluhlaza, izitshalo “zinamathela njengesibhamu”, kanti ulwelwe luyadabukisa endaweni ethile ezindlini ezingemuva zilinde elinye ithuba.
Ngakho-ke, ngawodwana, ayikho neyodwa yezici zokukhanya komanyolo we-CO2-ezophumelela. Kepha uma uzisebenzisa zonke kanyekanye, ngasikhathi sinye, lapho-ke yilapho kuphela lapho uzothola khona ingadi yangempela engaphansi kwamanzi, nentshebe emnyama emnyama izofa yodwa, ingakwazi ukumelana nomncintiswano, futhi i-aquarium ijabulise iso. Kepha ngaphambi kokuba uphuthume esitolo uku-oda uhlelo lwe-CO2, ama-bulbs akhanyayo alungile kanye nesikhwama somanyolo - ake sibheke amamodeli nezimiso zokusebenza kwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlinzekwa kwe-CO2 e-aquarium.
Kumele ngisho khona manje ukuthi ukuhambisa i-CO2 nge-atomizer evamile akunamsebenzi. Okokuqala, iningi lama-bubble alinaso nje isikhathi sokuncibilikisa, okusho ukuthi uzokuchitha okuqukethwe ibhaluni kungasizi ngalutho. Okwesibili, ngokuhlinzekwa okunjalo, akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukukhipha isilinganiso sokuchithwa kwe-CO2 emanzini. Futhi i-overdose ayisebenzi neze. Inani elikhulu le-CO2 elichithwe emanzini liholela ekwakhekeni kwe-carbonic acid. I-acid ebuthakathaka, kodwa futhi ngokwanele ukwehlisa inani le-pH emanzini. Ngakho-ke, ngokushaya i-CO2 emanzini, ugijimisa ubungozi bokuthola amanani aphansi kakhulu we-pH, aze afike ku-4-5. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi izoqhuma isisu bese izitshalo ziwashiya amaqabunga zife. Ngakho-ke ukulinganisela kuyadingeka kukho konke, futhi ukuthambisa amanzi akho, kulapho udinga ngokucophelela khona ukusondela kule nqubo.
Indlela elula, kodwa engaphumeleli, yokuqhafaza okokufaka kwe-CO2 ukugcwalisa inkomishi efakwa ngaphakathi negesi. Okusho ukuthi, uthatha inkomishi ejwayelekile yepulasitiki (ngisebenzisa eyama-quadrangular kusuka ngaphansi kwama-yoghurts, kulula ukuyilungisa ekhoneni le-aquarium), uyigwinye, uyijike bese ukhipha igesi encane ngayo. I-bubble form ingaphakathi kwenkomishi, encibilika kancane. Imvamisa kusihlwa lonke igesi eliphuma enkomishini lingena emanzini. Inkinga kuphela ukulungisa le ndebe ukuze ingaphumi futhi ingapheli. Ngezinkomba ezijwayelekile zokuqina kukaMoscow (ukuqina mayelana ne-10, i-carbonate cishe nge-6, pH esondele ku-7) awukwazi ngisho ukulawula noma yini ngezivivinyo. Akukho gesi eningi engilazini, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlakazeka akukuphakeme, ngakho-ke azikho izinkinga ngokuncipha kwe-pH.
Ukugcwalisa inkomishi, ungasebenzisa i-siphon evamile yasendlini ukuthola amanzi kasawoti. Uma ukhumbula, kanye, ezikhathini zeCoca-Cola, zazikhona. Babekwe amacala amathini we-CO2 oncindezelwe. Le siphon nayo ingasetshenziswa, ishubhu ende ingafakwa kuyo futhi njalo ekuseni fafaza i-CO2 encane ezingilazini ezilengelwa kuma-aquariums. Ngale ndlela, uhlelo lokulethwa kweTetra CO2-Optimat lusebenza kumgomo ofanayo - yize inkomishi ingekho eyenziwe ekhaya, kodwa izinkomishi zokubamba, futhi ukwakheka kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, kepha igesi nayo ifafazwa isuka kwisifutho esincane. Into esemqoka ukungakhohlwa ukufafaza ingxenye entsha yegesi ekuseni. Futhi anele lokhu kufafaza emfucumeni ejwayelekile wamalitha ayi-100, cishe inyanga.
Kepha le nqubo iyadina, futhi ama-aquarists angabantu abangamavila, ezinye izindlela zenzelwe lokhu. Isistimu ethokozisayo kakhulu isanda kuphakanyiswa yiSERA - i-CO2-Start kit. Isimiso siyefana - inkomishi ebhukuqiwe. Kepha awudingi ukushaya igesi kusuka ku-can can kuwo, i-CO2 ikhishwa kwithebhulethi ekhethekile. Ithebhulethi iphonswa ku-slot ekhethekile, kanye lapho kufakwa kwikhompiyutha oyifunayo kuqala ukukhipha amandla futhi ngenxa yalokho ikhipha cishe i-100 cm3 ye-CO2. Icebo liwukuthi ithebhulethi, ngaphezu kwegesi, inemicronutrients edingekayo yezitshalo ("amavithamini" afanayo, ukuze kokunye icwile ungagcini nje ngokugcwalisa amanzi nge-carbon dioxide, kodwa futhi unikeze nokufaka umanyolo wezitshalo nge-micronutrient yezitshalo. i-aquarium yanele izinyanga ezimbili, ithebhulethi eyodwa yanele izinsuku ezingama-3-4. Uma ivolumu enkulu ye-aquarium, amaphilisi kufanele aphonswe kaningi, kanti ubukhulu obukhulu bunqunyelwe kumalitha ayi-150-170.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaphilisi adinga ukuphonswa kaningi ku-aquarium enkulu, futhi lokhu vele Akubangeli ukwanda ngokweqile kwezinto zomkhondo, umklamo olula futhi olusebenzayo ololo.
Kepha akupheleli lapho. Ama-Aquarists angabantu abasebenzelayo futhi aqhamuke namanye adinga amasistimu abamba kakhulu abasebenzi ukunikela i-CO2 e-aquarium.
Uyazi ukuthi iyiphi imash? Yebo, ukwahlulela ngokumamatheka okubuqili kweningi - niyazi. Ngakho-ke, sithatha ibhodlela (ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kweCoca-Cola), sithulule ushukela, isipuni somvubelo lapho bese siqala inqubo yesiyaluyalu. Yini evelele ngesikhathi ukuvutshelwa? Kulungile - CO2! Kuyasala ukuthola ukuthi unganamathisela kanjani isigaxa esembozweni bese uselulela ku-aquarium. Ngikuxwayisa ngaso leso sikhathi, akulula njengoba kubonakala, i-carbon dioxide iyamanzi kakhulu futhi ingena kalula kwizikhala ezincane. Ngakho-ke kufanele ukhanye ngokubopha onke amalunga namalunga. Kepha ngemuva kwalokhu, uba ngumnikazi wedivayisi ezimele ezokhipha ama-bubble wegesi ku-aquarium isikhathi esingangenyanga. Ukuze i-mash uqobo ingangeni ku-aquarium, kungcono ukudlula igesi kwelinye ibhodlela, lapho kufanele, khona lapho kuzoqoqwa imvubelo engathandeki. Ibhodlela eliphakathi nendawo lingaba lincane, i-0.5l yanele.
Kulungile, amabhubhu angena ku-aquarium, kodwa yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo? Futhi-ke ungabaqondisa enkomishini efanayo, noma uguqule ishubhu kusuka ku- "oscillator" kokuphumayo kwesihlungi. Njengoba ukuhlunga okuningi kunamandla okuncela emoyeni ukwehlisa amanzi, i-tube ijoyina okokuhlunga, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuthathe i-bubble, kuyiphule, iphonse ifu lamabhamu amancane e-aquarium ngamandla. Inkinga eyodwa, ngisho namakhubububhu anjalo ahlala ekwazi ukuphuma ngaphambi kokuba ancibilike emanzini bese kuthi enye igesi ilahlekile. Vele, ungabeka isihlungi ngaphezulu, khona-ke indlela yama-bubble ngaphezulu iba yinde futhi izoncibilika kangcono. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukusebenza kokuchithwa okunjalo kuphansi. Okufanele ngikwenze?
Ngokuchithwa okusebenzayo kwamabhamuthi we-CO2, kusungulwe izinto eziningi ezikhethekile.Ngokuvamile, inkampani ngayinye ehlonishwayo ikhiqiza uhlelo lwayo lokuqeda i-CO2 endaweni ye-aquarium, kepha ngokuningilokhu ngizogxila kulokho okubili okuhle kakhulu, kusukela ekuboneni kwami, i-Dennerle yaseJalimane ne-AdA yaseJapan (lena nguTakashi Amano). Umgomo abawusebenzayo ukwelula indlela ye-bubble emanzini ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngaleyo ndlela bayinike isikhathi sokuqothula ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa amasu obuqili lapho ibumbble inyukela khona isikhathi eside iye phezulu kanye nasesitebhisini icibilika ngokuphelele lapho isondela ebusweni. Ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ezinjalo kufinyelela ku-100% futhi nakhu abaholi abangaphikanga. Ngokwami, ngithanda impela i-renerner yeDennerle, kuyo ibhamuza likhuphuka isitebhisi esitebhisi bese lincibilika phambi kwamehlo ethu! Ukuphendula okunjalo kungaxhunywa kunoma yimuphi umthombo waphakade wegesi - isilinda sangaphandle (ngizokutshela okuningi ngabo) noma ngisho nakuyi “generator yethusi” ehamba phambili. Ngendlela, uhlelo lwe-CO 30 FLIPPER-SET olwenziwe nguDennerle lususelwa ngqo emgomweni wokuvutshelwa - ikhebula elincane lokuthambisa lithululelwa kwisilinda ngejeli ekhethekile esebenza ngokusebenza, eqala inqubo yokuvutshelwa kuyo. Futhi amabhubhu angena emanzini ancibilikisa usebenzisa i-reactor efakiwe. Uyabuza - yini iphuzu uma ungakwenza okufanayo ngoshukela ojwayelekile kanye nemvubelo? Kucacile ukuthi i-rection iyaphola, kepha kungani uthenge konke okunye? ... Iqiniso ukuthi imvubelo ejwayelekile “ye-generator” iqala ngokushesha kakhulu, ezinsukwini zokuqala inani ngokweqile le-carbon dioxide, bese ukusebenza kwalo kusheshe kwehle. Kuhlelo olufanayo, ukuvutshelwa kwenzeka ngesivinini esingaguquki nesilinganayo futhi kuncike kuphela ekushiseni kwesilinda. Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwesilinda kanye nokushisa kwe-aquarium, ibekwa esitsheni esikhethekile odongeni lwe-aquarium, futhi nekhompiyutha ye-bubble nayo ilungiswa lapho. Konke kuxubile futhi kucocekile, isilinda likhipha igesi, kukhiqizwe ama-bubble angama-300,000 kusuka kusilinda esisodwa, okuthi ngokushisa okuphakathi kwamadigri angama-24 kwanele ngenyanga nje. Kumanani wokuqina okuphakathi nendawo, uhlelo luhlinzeka ngokugcwaliswa okugcwele kwe-CO2 endaweni ye-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha ayi-100-120, uma ubunzima be-carbonate buphansi, khona-ke ivolumu enkulu yanele. Ama-reactors ngokwawo atholakala ngosayizi ohlukile namakhono ahlukile; amamodeli anjalo anikela ngokuchithwa kwe-CO2 ye-1002 kuma-aquariums kusuka kumalitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-400. Futhi kuma-aquariums amakhulu kunezinhlelo ezinjenge-CYCLO 5000 ezixhunywe kusihlungi, zinikezela ngokuchithwa okusebenzayo kumanani kuze kufike kumalitha angama-5000.
Abaningi babone ukwakheka okufanayo kwe-reactionor kusuka ku-Amano emhlanganweni wokugcina. Lesi isigaxa sengilazi esine-spiral tube ngaphakathi, lapho kuqhuma igamu. Kumuntu wethu, ukubukeka kwawo kubangela ukuhlangana okuqinile nokukhanya kwenyanga, kepha lokhu akuphumeleli nganoma iyiphi indlela ukusebenza kwayo. Inkinga eyodwa, imikhiqizo ye-ADA ezweni lethu ayisatholakali kabanzi, futhi amanani aphakeme futhi enzelwe abasemanzini abacebile kakhulu. Noma emhlabeni wonke yimikhiqizo ye-Amano edume kakhulu futhi ethengiswa kakhulu, vele ubheke okungenani ububanzi bezitolo eziku-inthanethi.
[Ukunwetshwa gif bekunqatshiwe, okunamathiselwe akusatholakali.]
Manje njengoba usuyazi ngokunyakaza kahle i-CO2 emanzini, ungadlulela ezinhlelweni ezingaphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe babo butholakala ikakhulu ngentengo, ngomqondo wokuthi lokho akusho ukuthi abakhiqizi bezitshalo abangochwepheshe kuphela abasebenzisa lezo zinhlelo. Futhi, ngokuheha isipiliyoni saseNtshonalanga, singasho ukuthi uhlelo olunjalo lufakiwe kusethi yemishini yanoma iyiphi i-aquarium yokuhlobisa enezitshalo. Yini ehlanganiswe ohlelweni olunjalo?
Isakhi esiyinhloko nesimangalisa kakhulu yibhodlela legesi! Ama-Cylinders ahlukile, kusuka ku-500g kuya ku-20 kg, abathandi basekhaya bakhetha ukuthola amasilinda ethu ejwayelekile athengwa emakethe yezokwakha, othe ngokucebile uthenga ikhithi elinophawu lwesilinda enophawu ngokushesha. Isilinda singasetshenziswa kaningi, into esemqoka ukuthola indawo efanelekile lapho ingagcwaliswa futhi, futhi lokhu kuzodingeka, kuye ngomthamo, kusuka kanye ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kanye ngonyaka. Ngicabanga ukuthi akukho nzima kangako ukugcwalisa ibhodlela njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, akunjalo?
Kepha isilinda ngokwayo akuyona yonke. Kudingeka umshini wokunciphisa ingcindezi ukuze isilinda inciphise ingcindezi, futhi ukuze ube nombono wokuthi kungakanani okusele kwisilinda, kungakuhle ukuthi ube ne-manometer. Njengoba ngishilo, isikhutha siwuketshezi kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga i-valve enhle ngokulungiswa okuhle, futhi udinga ne-solenoid valve. Kudingeka i-valve ye-electromagnetic ukucisha i-CO2 ebusuku lapho amalambu ecisha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke kwehle i-pH eqinile kuphela, kodwa inhlanzi izoqala ukwanda. Kuhlelo lwe-CO2 dosing, sidinga ukuhlala ngemininingwane eminingi.
Konke kuhle ngokulinganisela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekuqoqweni kwe-CO2 emanzini. Ukuze ungabangeli ukweqisa ngokwehla kwenhlekelele ezingeni le-pH, i-CO2 kufanele inikezwe ngamandla achazwe ngokuqinile. Izinga elijwayelekile lokugeleza kwegesi liseduze kwama-bubule angama-6-8 ngomzuzu nge-100 yelitha ye-aquarium. Ngokusebenza kwe-reactor ephansi (ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuncibilika nge -zzle yomhluzi), ubukhulu kumele bukhuliswe. Izinga lokugcotshwa kwamanzi we-CO2 linqunywa izivivinyo ezikhethekile, ngakho-ke i-SERA ikhiqiza iphiramidi yesikhathi eside lokuhlola elikuvumela ukuthi uqaphe njalo izinguquko ezingeni le-CO2 emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga le-pH elilungile lingabalwa kusuka ekulinganiseni kobunzima be-carbonate (KH) ne-pH yamanzi ngokuya kuleli thebula:
Ngokusebenzisa leli tafula, ukwazi ubunzima be-pH ne-carbonate yamanzi, kungenzeka ukunquma okuqukethwe ku-mg / ilitha ye-CO2 emanzini. Isibonelo, ngokuba nobunzima be-8 ne-pH ka-6.8, sithola okuqukethwe yi-CO2 okungama-40 mg ilitha ngalinye.
Le nketho ilungele labo asebevele benezivivinyo ezifanele futhi abafuni ukusebenzisa imali okusha. Kulabo abazimisele ukusebenzisa imali, kunamamitha we-pH we-elekthronikhi aphezulu ahlotshaniswa nesilawuli esikhethekile. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zihlala zigada imingcele yamanzi futhi zinciphise noma zikhulise ukuhanjiswa kwegesi ku-aquarium, kuya ngesidingo. Uhlelo olunjalo luyikhono kakhulu futhi luyiqiniso, ngoba lunikeza ukunemba kokuphakelwa okufanele futhi lususa amathuba okuba ngokweqile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-aquarist kufanele ikhethe isilinganiso sokuphakelayo ngesivivinyo nephutha, ihlola amanzi njalo ngezivivinyo. Ngokuvamile, akunzima kangako ukuyiguqula kanye bese uyisebenzisa izinyanga ezimbalwa, kepha ebusuku kusele kungenzeka ukwehla okungalawulwa kwe-pH. Ngakho-ke, njengento efiseleka ngokwedlulele yohlelo olunjalo, kudingeka i-valve eyi-electromagnetic evimba ukuhanjiswa kwegesi ebusuku. Lapho uxhuma i-valve enjalo ohlelweni olwenziwe ekhaya, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-valve yenzelwe umkhawulo othile wokucindezela. Isibonelo, ama-valve we-SERA solenoid enzelwe izingcindezelo aze afike ku-8 bar no-Dupla CO2-Magnetventil valves aze afike ku-10 bar. Ama-valves ngokwawo angahle ahluka ekusebenzeni kwamandla, ngokwezomnotho ngokwengeziwe, njengokuhlala kubiza kakhulu.
Ukuthola umbono wezindleko zezinhlelo ezinjalo, ngizokunikeza lezi zinombolo - ikhithi le-sera nebhodlela le-500g, i-ancer, i-bubble counter kanye ne-CO2 reactionor kuzobiza ama-euro angama-200. Isethi efanayo evela eDennelre ibiza cishe ama-euro ayi-190. Enye i-oda lama-euro angama-50 izobiza i-valve eyi-electromagnetic. Uma i-aquarist ifuna ukufaka uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo kuyo, khona-ke uhlelo lwe-Dennelre pH-Controller 588 luzodla cishe ama-euro angama-360- 300, kanti uhlelo lokulawula i-sera Seramic luzodla ama-euro angama-330. Ngakho-ke i-aquarist ezokwakha uhlelo lokulawula lwe-CO2 elilungile ezingxenyeni zokuphathelene kufanele ilungele ngokwengqondo ukukhokha kusuka kuma-200 kuya kuma-600 euros ngayo.
[Ukunwetshwa gif bekunqatshiwe, okunamathiselwe akusatholakali.]
Kodwa-ke, kwabaningi, uhlelo olulula kakhulu “lwenkomishi ebunjiweyo” lwanele. Ngakho-ke kuthiwani uma igesi incibilika ngokungalingani lapho, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuphansi? Kepha lapho kushibhile, i-overdose ayifakwa eceleni, kepha kukhona ithuba elihle lokunikeza izitshalo ngokudla okunempilo. Ngokuvamile, konke kuncike kuzinga lezicelo zakho - othile uzozihlolela okungaphansi kwesistimu evela ku-Amano, futhi kothile, inkomishi ebheke phezulu izokwanela.
Futhi, ngendlela, cishe ngomqondo owodwa ojwayelekile - bathi izitshalo zitshalwa ku-CO2 njengesidakamizwa futhi ziyafa ngaphandle kwaso. Lutho lolo hlobo, ngivame ukuhudula izihlahla ezivela emanzini lapho ngidlela khona i-CO2 ngaphandle kwamafuthi. Futhi akukho okubi okwenzekayo. Yebo, lesi sitshalo sinciphisa ukukhula kwalo futhi siqale ukukhiqiza amaqabunga angenamkhawulo kangako, kepha lokhu kunengqondo! Ukudla sekunciphile, manje angandisa kanjani ama-biomass ngokulandela inkambo yokuzila ukudla? Kepha ukuthi izitshalo zilahle amaqabunga, noma zife zishiywe ngaphandle kwe-CO2 - lokhu akunangqondo okuphelele! Futhi labo abakusho lokhu bangalulekwa kuphela ukuthi babheke ezinye izimbangela zokufa kwezitshalo. Isibonelo, izitshalo zivame ukubanda ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Abaningi sebejwayele ukugqoka izinhlanzi esifubeni, kepha uma bethenga izitshalo, abantu bavame ukushiya ngokungakhathali befaka isikhwama esincane esinezihlahla ezisanda kuthengwa. Nasemgwaqweni ama-degree angu-4 kuphela! Futhi izitshalo ezishisayo! Kuyamangaza ukuthi zibola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuthenga? Futhi ukondla kwe-CO2 akulona icala lapha, kepha ubuwula bomuntu wasemanzini ukukamisa isihlahla noma ukusifaka emanzini esihluke ngokuphelele ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali ngaphandle kokuzivumelanisa ...
Omunye umbuzo othokozisayo wabaqalayo - kanti izinhlanzi azikhubeki? Cha, ngeke zinele, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuphefumula kunokuncipha okujwayelekile. Lapho i-CO2 ihlinzekwa futhi ikhanya kakhulu, inqubo ye-photosynthesis yesitshalo iholela ekwakhekeni okusheshayo komoya-mpilo lapho izitshalo zimbozwe ngokoqobo ngama-bubble e-O2 emsulwa. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane namabhamuza we-oksijini akhuphukela phezulu, anciphise amaqabunga, bese kuqoqwa amabhamu amakhulu. I-aneration enjalo, nge-oxygen emsulwa, awukwazi ukuhlinzeka nganoma yisiphi ama-atomizer nama-compressors. Uma kukhona i-valve eyi-electromagnetic kanye ne-CO2 supply icishiwe ebusuku, kanye nenani lezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile ku-aquarium, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokuthola usizo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma i-CO2 yakho ihlinzekwa "yi-generator" eyenziwe ekhaya futhi ngamandla amakhulu, kungakuhle ukuthi ihlinzeke ngamathuba wokuvula amandla okusebenza ebusuku. Noma ... Imvamisa, izinhlelo ezenziwa ekhaya azihlome ngohlelo olusebenzayo lokuchithwa, ngakho-ke noma ngabe kungakanani ukugoqeka lapho, kepha uhhafu uyachithwa. Futhi ngezibuko ezinkingeni zasebusuku ezine-overdose, awukwazi ukucabanga nakancane.
Ekuphetheni, ngiyaphinda futhi ngifuna ukufingqa lokhu okushiwoyo:
1. Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-CO2 kuphela akuyona i-panacea ye-algae! Ama-bulbs akhanyayo kanye nokugqoka oku-micronutrient kumele kufakwe kwi-CO2!
2. Akukho phuzu kokushaya i-CO2 kwi-aquarium ngaphandle kwezitshalo. Uma ungathola amatshe emadwaleni nabantu baseMalawi, khona-ke i-CO2 engakanani ungayishayi ngeke ibe ngaphansi. Kepha maduze nje kuzoba sekuningi.
3. Ungadidanisi i-CO2 kanye ne-fertilizer yezitshalo! I-CO2 ingukudla okuyinhloko kwezitshalo, i-Steak lapho ikhula khona. Futhi umanyolo akulutho ngaphandle kwamavithamini. Engadini yakho yomanyolo, konke kukhula kuphela ngoba izitshalo zithola i-CO2 eningi emoyeni. E-aquarium, isimo sehlukile.
4. Uma uhlinzeka nge-CO2 ngesilinda, bese ukhetha isilinganiso sokugeleza kwezivivinyo. Futhi cabanga - kufanelekile ukuchitha ku-solenoid valve? Ngempela, ebusuku, izitshalo azidli i-CO2 futhi inqwabelana emanzini.
5. Ukuqina okuqinile noma ukusetshenziswa “kwezimpophoma” kunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-CO2 emanzini ngamanani amancane. Ngamalambu amahle, i-aquarium ayidingi aeration nhlobo, ngaphandle kwasebusuku kuphela!
Ngiyethemba ukuthi okubhaliwe kuzoletha ukucaca okuthile futhi kusize abaqalayo abaningi ukunquma ukuthi yini CO2 ekuyi-aquarium, kungani iyadingeka nokuthi ingakuhlomisa kanjani konke. Noma kunjalo, uma unquma ukudala i-aquarium yokuhlobisa enenombolo enkulu yezitshalo, ngincoma kakhulu ukuxhumana nabachwepheshe. Njengoba besho, ukugwema. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa uhlelo olunjalo ngaphansi kokuqashwa okusondele futhi ezimweni eziningi kulula futhi kushibhile ukukhokha uchwepheshe kunokuzivivinya ngamapharamitha ngokwakho. Uchwepheshe nezitshalo kuzosiza ukukha, nokubeka ukukhanya okulungile, futhi, futhi, kuzosungula ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lwe-CO2.