UBarn Owl Ungowomndeni wakwa-barn owl futhi ungowokuhlaselwa, kepha ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu. Le nyoni inamagama amaningi ekwazi ukuyinikeza ezinganekwaneni ezahlukahlukene nasebucikweni bomdabu, ngokwesibonelo: isikhova esihlwabusayo noma isikhova, isikhova sasebusuku, “inyoni enobuso benkawu” nabanye.
Futhi empeleni, bheka nje isithombe-barn esinezithombe ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukufana okuthile kokuqala kungalandelelwa ngomfanekiso wale nyoni.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ososayensi be-ornithologists abakwazanga ukubeka izikhova zomhlambi kunoma yiliphi iqembu elithile, ngakho-ke banquma "ukubabela" isigaba sabo esihlukile. UBarn owl uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu, futhi olutholakala namuhla kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-owl isikhova iyisidlakudla, futhi ebusuku kakhulu kunayo yonke izikhova, ubukhulu bayo busezingeni eliphansi kakhulu: ubude bomzimba buqala ngamasentimitha amabili nanhlanu kuya kumashumi amahlanu, nesisindo - ukusuka kumakhulu amabili kuya kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili amagremu.
Izitho zesifazane zaseBarn owl zingamaphesenti ayishumi kunabesilisa. I-plumage yezinyoni i-fluffy futhi ithambile. Umzimba nekhanda eliphakeme kuvame ukuba ngompunga omnyama noma onsundu ngombala, ngenkathi yonke indawo yomzimba iminyene ngamachashazi.
I-Belly, i-muzzle nesifuba kumhlophe, kuvame ukuba namabala. Isidumbu sesikhova siyacile, emilengeni emnyama epinki izimpandla ezimnyama. Amehlo alezi zinyoni aboniswa kakhulu, ngombala omuhle we-iris omuhle.
UBarn owl Namuhla selusabalale cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba wembulunga yonke, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica kanye nezinye izifunda namazwe anesimo sezulu esibandayo, njengeNyakatho Melika neCanada.
Njengoba umzimba we-barn Owls unganqunyelwe ekuqongeleleni izinqolobane zamafutha, izinga lokushisa eliphansi impela alifaneleki kulezi zikhova. E-Russia, ungahlangana nezikhova zesilungu kuphela esifundeni saseKaliningrad.
I-Barn Owl endizeni
Izindawo ezinezintaba ezinamawa amakhulu nogwadule lwase-Afrika nazo azinethezekile nge-Owarn barn. Ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, le nyoni yathunyelwa ngenkani eCanary, eHawaii naseSeychelles, manje manje kunezinhlobo zayo eziningi.
IBarn Owls ihlala ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zemvelo nezindawo ezihlala kuzo, noma kunjalo, le nyoni ikhetha ukuhlala emathafeni avulekile anehlathi elingajwayelekile futhi kunamachibi amaningi namachibi aseduze.
Ama-Gullies, ama-vacod amaningi, izikhala ezingenamuntu kanye nezindawo zemvelo nakho kuyizindawo eziyintandokazi zezindawo zezikhova. Imvamisa zitholakala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu nezindawo zasemapulazini, ngoba lapha ungahlala uthole ukudla futhi, ikakhulukazi, izinduku ezincane. IMasked Barn Owl noma australian barn Owl azisabalalisi kuphela e-Australia, kepha futhi naseNew South Wales, Tasmania nakwezinye izindawo.
Esikhaleni semashi semask
Izikhova zase-Australia zomgodi ziyehluka kwabanye abamele izinhlobo zazo hhayi ngokubukeka kwazo okukhazimulayo, kodwa futhi ngosayizi: izikhova zabesifazane ezibhekwa njengezinkulu kunazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
Isikhova esimnyama - okwamanje yamanje yesikhathi ibhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezifundwe, ngoba umsebenzi wayo uwela ngobusuku obujulile futhi ufihliwe ekubonweni komuntu. Ihlala ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamahlathi we-eucalyptus, ama-fringes kanye nezimbane zeNew Guinea nengxenye esempumalanga yezwekazi lase-Australia.
Esithombeni isithombe esimnyama somhlambi obandayo
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Isidlaliso esithi "ghost owl" isikhova esibuthelelo satholwa ngekhono laso ukuze sivele ngokushesha ebusweni bomuntu ongabhekile, ngaphandle kokwenza umsindo omncane. Kunombono wokuthi igama lesiRashiya elithi "Barn Owl", leli nyoni lizitholele izwi laso elimtoti, elingathusa umuntu ohamba ngengozi olahlekile ehlathini.
Ngaphezu kwekhono lokuhamba emoyeni buthule, isikhova esinezimbali sinombono othuthukisiwe kakhulu, okuvumela ukuba uzingeleze phakathi kobusuku, obuqonde ubumnyama.
Emini, i-Owl eyisikhonkwane ihlala emgodini, ophahleni noma kwenye indawo yokuhlala ethembekile. UBarn Owl - Owl, ukhetha indlela yokuphila yodwa, kepha kulezo zindawo lapho kunenala yokudla, ungabuka amaqembu amancane namaqoqo wezinyoni.
IBarn Owls imatasatasa izungeza insimu yayo, lapho iguqula ukuphakama kwayo kaningi. Ngemuva kokubona isivakashi esingafuneki, isikhova siqala ukwenza ukunyakaza okusongela ukuze sisabise ophikisana naye. Iphephe amaphiko ayo, isibungu sesikhova singakwazi ukuhlasela isitha ngosizo lwamasondo aso aqinile, futhi sethula umlomo waso, sisichwe ngobunono ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa.
Kunezimo ezivame ukwenzeka lapho izikhova zesibaya zakha izidleke zazo eduze komuntu: ku-attic yezakhiwo zokuhlala, ezimgodini noma ezakhiweni ezakhiwayo. Endle, lesi sikhova singangena kalula esidlekeni noma emgodini womunye umuntu.
Umsoco
IBarn Owl iyinyoni edla inyama edla ngokuyiphatha lapho ifile ebusuku. Eqhubeka nokuzingela, indiza iphansi impela, iwele ngaphezu komhlabathi, ifuna inyamazane yayo engase ibe khona.
Ukudla okuyinhloko ekudleni kwezikhova zezikhova kukhona amagundane amancane ahlukahlukene: ama-hamsters, ama-moles, amagundane, amagundane asensimini, ama-locum nabanye abaningi. Izinyoka zalezi zinyoni ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesifunda sendawo yokuhlala, futhi izinyoni, ngisho nama-carnivores, amasele, amalulwane, izinyamazane kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezingenamsoco, zithola ukudla kwezikhova.
Ikhaya lesikhwanyana Owl - hhayi ukhetho olungcono kakhulu njengesilwane esifuywayo, ngoba, okokuqala, umzimba wesikhova sakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi zidinga ukudla okungenani izinduku ezintathu eziphilayo ngosuku, ngakho-ke uma unquma ukuthenga i-Owl ye-barn, qiniseka ukuthi uyalibheka leli qiniso.
Okwesibili, ibarn owl iyinyoni ebusuku, ngakho-ke, njengesilwane sasekhaya, ilungele kuphela abantu abalala emini futhi bahlale bephapheme ebusuku.
I-Barn Owl: Incazelo
Igama lale nyoni edla inyama, ngokusobala, yaqhamuka emibonweni engafani yezwi layo, efana nohlobo lokudonsa noma isilo. Kuhlukile kwabanye abamele izikhova ngendlela ye-disc yobuso ngendlela yenhliziyo, futhi kubukeka sengathi ugqoke imaskhi emhlophe. Inyoni encane inombala okhanyayo nobuso obungajwayelekile. Usayizi waso ucishe ufane nesikhova noma i-jackdaw. Ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-33-39 cm, isisindo somzimba waso singama-300-355 g, kanti amaphiko aso angaba amasentimitha angama-90. Ngendlela, isisindo saso sinokuhluka phakathi kwemikhawulo ebanzi futhi kuya ngomuntu othize. Kungaba isisindo se-180 g ne-700 g.
Engxenyeni engenhla, umbala wayo uzuze umbala wesihlabathi (obomvu) onamabala amhlophe namnyama. Isikhova sesikhumba simhlophe engxenyeni engezansi (okuvame kakhulu ophuzi), ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amabala amnyama ku-plumage. I-disc yangaphambili ilula futhi inokubukeka okufekethisiwe, iphinde yathola umngcele we-buffy, ngaphansi kwamehlo kunendawo encane yezimpaphe ezibomvu. Izimpiko zimhlophe qwa ngamaphethini egolide. Iris imnyama nsundu noma imnyama. Amehlo akhe ayabonakala futhi makhulu. Inomzimba omncane, futhi inemilenze emide, enamapulangwe awugqinsi futhi athambile asezinzwaneni. Unomsila omfishane. UBill umhlophe ophuzi. Ngendlela, umbala wengxenye engezansi kuya ngensimu yesikhova. Ukwenza isibonelo, eNyakatho Afrika, eNtshonalanga naseNingizimu Yurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi kumhlophe, kepha kulo lonke elaseYurophu kunombala osawolintshi.
Ngaphandle, empeleni akuhlukile komunye nomunye ngocansi. Izinsikazi zimnyama kancane, kepha aziphawuleki. Amachwane amancane nawo awahlukile kubantu abadala, kwesinye isikhathi anemibala ethe xaxa.
Njengoba siphawulile, inyoni enjengesikhova esibayeni ibukeka kahle kakhulu, isithombe sisikhombisa kahle lokhu.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isikhathi sokuzala siyaqhubeka phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala ezintathu zasentwasahlobo. Iduna linquma indawo esidlekeni esizayo, futhi kufanele lifihlwe ngokucophelela emehlweni abantu nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilumko ezimbi nezitha.
Kufanekiswa nezikhova zesikhumba
Imvamisa izinyoni zihlela izidleke zazo endaweni ephakeme ngenhlonipho kusuka emhlabathini. Kwelinye i-clutch, insikazi iletha amaqanda amane kuya kwayisikhombisa, amantshontsho azo avela ngenyanga. Ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu, inzalo iyaqina futhi ishiye isidleke sokuphila okuzimele.
Cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zazo zonke izingane ezisencane ziyafa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ezinye ziyasinda zifike cishe kwezilishumi nanye. Kunezimo lapho, ekuthunjweni, izikhova ezikhohlakele zifinyelela eminyakeni ezwakalayo yamashumi eminyaka eminyaka.
Habitat
IBarn Owl yizinhlobo ezingama-35 ezisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica kuphela, zitholakala naseziqhingini. Phambilini, ibingatholakala emazweni aseBaltic nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS: manje ihlala ngamanani amancane lapho. Ensimini yeRussia itholakala kuphela esifundeni saseKaliningrad. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu, ayikho ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezinhlelo zezintaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-owl ejwayelekile yesikhumba iguqulwa ibe ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala, ngoba isatshalaliswa cishe yonke indawo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayinawo amandla okuqongelela ukugcinwa kwamafutha ngokwawo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ayibekezeleli isimo sezulu esibuhlungu. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-United States nasezindaweni eziningi zaseCanada, eNyakatho Yurophu nakulo lonke elaseRussia, akunjalo. Le nyoni ayikwazi nokuhlala ogwadule lwase-Afrika nase-Asia.
Kwakunezimo lapho i-owl yesikhova ixazululwa ngokomuntu ngumuntu kulezo zindawo lapho yayingakaze ibekhona. Ngaleyo ndlela wabonakala eSeychelles naseHawaiiian Islands, eNew Zealand. Ngemuva kokuba isikhova esibayeni sesilungisiwe eSeychelles, kwehla ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu abasebenza kestrel, ababesondla.
Izindawo ezithandekayo zokuhlala
IBarn Owl cishe njalo ihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu. Izindlebe emadolobheni amakhulu nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ithanda ukuthi ixazululwe kuma-attic, emigodini nasemigodini yezindonga. Ilungisa uphahla lwezindlu nezakhiwo ezishiywe dengwane. Imvamisa, i-Owl barn itholakala emathafeni avulekile, lapho inani elincane lezihlahla likhona. Lezi zingaba yizindawo ezinjengezinkuni, amachibi, iminyene eminyene, nezinyoni futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezingenamuntu, amachibi, izigodi nemigwaqo emikhulu.
Imvamisa itholakala lapho amapulazi ezolimo kanye nezindlu zabantu atholakala khona. Isikhova esibhuqayo sizama ukugwema amahlathi aminyene nezindawo eziphakemeyo. Kule nyoni, imibandela elandelayo yokusatshalaliswa iyadingeka: ukutholakala kokudla, ukuntuleka kobusika obubandayo nomncintiswano obuthakathaka nabanye abazingeli. Ngokuyisisekelo, aziguquli indawo yazo yokuhlala, ngaphandle kwezimo lapho izimo zokudla endaweni yazo ziphela.
Ngabe kudlani?
Ukudla kwakhe akuthandayo ngamagundane afana negundane, futhi uyakwazi ukubhekana ne-pasyuk (rat enkulu yegrey). Ungabamba amagundane afinyelela ku-15 ubusuku ngabunye. Izinyoni ezingaphansi zivame ukudla izinyoni ezincane, ikakhulukazi, ondlunkulu, kanye nezinambuzane ezinkulu nezinkulu. Amagundane, ama-voles asensimini, ama-hamsters, ama-shrews, ama-Optum angasetshenziswa njengokudla. Bangabamba amalulwane, amasele, izinyamazane kanye nama-invertebrates. Isikhova sibamba umhlatshelo khona lapho empukane, siwunamathisele ngezinsika zawo eziyishumi bese siwususa endaweni lapho singadlela khona ngesizotha.
Ukugqama kwendawo yosizo lokuzwa kuvumela inyoni ukuba ibambe yonke imisindo eyenziwe isisulu, emsiza kakhulu lapho izingela. Izindlebe zakhe zinokuhleleka okungalingani: enye yazo isezingeni lamakhala, kanti enye isebunzini.
I-Barn Owl Voice Voice
Ukhuluma ngengulube ehlekisayo. Izikhova ezishayayo zishayela amaphiko azo futhi zidonsa imilomo yazo. By the way, lesi sici sabo singathusa ngokungenakuvinjwa abantu abathathe isinqumo sokuphumula ehlathini bathule bahlangana naye. Imisindo eminingi eyenziwe yile isikhova iye yaphawulwa, kodwa okugqamile kuyo yi-hoillse shrill trill, engazwakala ngenkathi indiza. Ingqimba yesikhova esigangeni iphansi ithoni.
Endleleni, le nyoni yathola igama layo lesiRussia ngokukhala okuphansi, okunewashi, okuzwakala ngathi “heee”. Bazishicilela kaningi ngaphezu kwe-owl hoot ejwayelekile. Izwi lakhe eliphakeme eliyisiqu lifana nokukhwehlela.
Ubusuku
Uyandiza ayozingela kusihlwa futhi uphila impilo ebusayo impela. Njengomthetho, bahlala bodwa, kepha bangatholakala ngamaqembu amancane ezindaweni zokuqongelela umdlalo. Njengoba izikhova zesikhova zihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo ebusuku, phakathi nosuku abalala ngalo. Ngephupho bakhetha i-niche ethile, yemvelo noma yokufakelwa - ingaba umgodi emhlabathini noma i-attic engasetshenziswanga.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ziguqula ukuphakama kwazo - zingase zikhuphuke, bese ziphinde zehle futhi, ezindiza zizungeze impahla. Bangalindela nesisulu, bacashe abaqamekeli. Izimpiko zazo zihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi indiza yazo ihlale ithule futhi ithambile ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, inokubona nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, kwezinye izifunda izikhova zibuye zizingele phakathi nosuku, ngokwesibonelo, eBrithani, kepha ngalesi sikhathi sosuku kunengozi yazo ngesimo sezinyoni ezidla inyama, njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-gulls.
Isikhova esibulala isisulu ngezihlakala zaso, bese siwela kuso ngomlenze omude bese sikudabula ngoqhwaku lwaso. Inentambo yeselula kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ingadla inyamazane, cishe ngaphandle kokugoba. Ngesikhathi sokudla, izimpaphe ze-disc yobuso zihamba, futhi kubonakala sengathi izikhova zenza ubuso.
Ukuziphatha ngesikhathi sengozi
Esimweni esizolile, isikhova esihleliyo sibamba umzimba siqonde, futhi uma inyoni ikhathazekile, ithatha indawo esongelayo - isabalalisa imilenze yayo, yethule amaphiko ayo endizeni enezingqimba bese ithinta umhlabathi. Lapho ehlangana nomuntu ophula impahla yakhe yendawo, uphakamisa amaphiko akhe ngentshiseko, esondela futhi eduze nesitha. Hisses kakhulu futhi chofoza umlomo waso. Uma lokhu kungasizi, khona-ke kuhlasela isitha, siwele emhlane wakhe sishaye ngemilenze eshayekile.
UBarn Owl Chicks
Amantshontsho amancanyana athembele ngokuphelele kubazali bawo, abazondla ngasikhathi sinye. Ekuzalweni, ambozwe nge-fluff emhlophe emhlophe. Uma kwenzeka kubanda kakhulu, isikhova esibayeni asishiyi isidleke nakancane futhi sifudumeza amaphuphu, esiqala ukuzimela ngokuphelele emva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Amachwane asekhulile andiza aye ezindaweni ezintsha futhi athole enye insimu yokuphila nokuzala. Isikhova esibayeni singabonakala ngesikhathi ngisho namachwane ayi-10, uma izimo zivuma, kepha ngonyaka olambile, njengomthetho, akuwona amaqanda angaphezu kwama-4 alindelwe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indlela yokuziphatha kwamachwane abo akuyona ejwayelekile ezinyoni: zikhombisa ukuzithemba, zenqaba ukudla zivumela labo abalambile kakhulu kunabo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni eziningi, lapho amawundlu ekhipha khona ukudla komunye nomunye ukuze azidle, leli qiniso libangela isasasa elikhulu enyameni efana nesikhova esibayeni. Izithombe zam amaphuphu akhe zibonisa ukuthi zibukeka kanjani lapho zizalwa.
Abazali bayabanakekela ngisho nangemva kokuba amaphuphu abo ephuma endlekeni: bayaqhubeka nokubanakekela futhi babondle kuze kube yilapho sebezimele ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, bafika eminyakeni yezinyanga ezintathu.
Isimo sabantu
IBarn owl kubantu ibilokhu iyisibonakaliso sokuhlakanipha, kepha ngasikhathi sinye baphatha le nyoni ngokwesaba okukhohlisa. Izinkolelo-ze manje sekuyinto yesikhathi esidlule, futhi abantu baya ngokuya bekhombisa intshiseko yangempela ngayo. U-Barn owls wakhuthaza ukwesaba abantu ngenxa yezici zabo ezithile: ubuso obumhlophe obufana nemaskandi, imisindo eyethusayo, futhi ngenxa yomkhuba wale nyoni ukundiza buthule futhi ubukeke buvele phambi komuntu, abantu abawubiza ngokuthi isikhova esikhulu.
IBarn Owl ikakhulukazi idla ngamagundane, ngaleyo ndlela izuzise abantu. Abantu kade balwazisa usizo lwalezi zikhova ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane.Ngakho-ke, ngekhulu le-17, lo mkhuba wawushubile, lapho kwenziwa amawindi akhethekile ezindlini, ezindlini, ezigayo nakwezinye izakhiwo lapho izikhova zingangena ngaphakathi futhi zichithe izinduku. Ngale ndlela, izinyoni zahlala zondlekile kahle, futhi izinzuzo zabantu zalethwa.
Uma bebona abantu abaseduze, baqala ukuziphatha ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu: bayakhuphuka, baphendukele emilenzeni yabo ngezindlela ezihlukile futhi ngasikhathi sinye babonisa ubuhle obuhlukahlukene. Uma usondela kakhulu kuye, khona-ke, njengomthetho, uyandiza ahambe.
Zingaphi izinqolobane zezikhoba ezihlala?
Ku-vivo, izikhova ezisesibayeni zingaphila iminyaka eyi-18, kepha lokhu kuyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Eqinisweni, kuvela ukuthi baphila kakhulu okuncane kakhulu - isikhathi sabo sokuphila esiphakathi siyiminyaka emi-2. Kwakunamacala aqoshiwe lapho i-owl isikhova ikwazi ukuhlala esimweni semvelo kuze kube yilapho ineminyaka eyi-17, eNyakatho Melika, inyoni eyayithunjiwe yafa ineminyaka engu-11,5, kodwa eNgilandi kwaphuka irekhodi - le nyoni yahlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engu-22.
Sikhulume ngenyoni ethokozisayo efana nesikhova esibayeni, ngemikhuba yayo nokuthi ilusizo kanjani kubantu. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yezinguquko ezikhona emvelweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zaseYurophu, inani le-barn Owl lehla. Amacala okushona kwezinyoni ngenxa yokushayisana nezimoto emigwaqweni emikhulu nawo akujwayelekile. Njengamanje, i-barn Owl iyinyoni, ebhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zamazwe ambalwa aseMpumalanga Yurophu, lapho ngezizathu ezingaziwa, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kuye kwehla ngokushesha inani layo.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani isikhova esivamile esibayeni?
Ukuvela kwesikhova esibayeni kucacile kakhulu. Ubuso bunokuma kwenhliziyo okufana nomaskandi. Le nyoni ingahlukaniswa ngokuqondile ngenxa yalesi sici sesakhiwo se-disc yobuso. IBarn Owl incane ngosayizi, ubude bayo bomzimba bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-35, futhi inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-250. Umbala wezimpaphe zesikhova esibayeni ngaphambili komzimba ukhanya kakhulu nsundu ngemithende emhlophe namnyama namachashazi. Umzimba ophansi we-owl wesikhwanyana unombala we-beige ngombala, kepha ungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Izindlebe zezinwele azikho kulezi zikhova, futhi amadivaysi endlebe atholakala njenge-asymmetrically. Amehlo wesikhova esivamile esivuthayo akhanya ngombala omnyama noma onsundu.
p, blockquote 3,0,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 4,0,1,0,0 ->
Kulolu hlobo lwezinyoni, umehluko wobulili uvezwa buthaka kakhulu. Insikazi ingaba mnyama kancane kunowesilisa, kepha lokhu akuhlale kubonakala.
p, blockquote 5,0,0,0,0 ->
Habitat
IBarn Owl inezikhala ezingafika ku-35, ngakho-ke indawo yokuhlala yayo ihluke kakhulu. IBarn Owl iyakwazi ukusinda kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu ngaphandle kokubanda kakhulu futhi komile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le nhlobo ayiqoqeki izindawo ezigcwalisiwe ngokwayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, indiza ejwayelekile ye-Owl iyivelakancane kakhulu ukuyithola eRussia, enyakatho yeYurophu, eCanada nasezifundeni ezibandayo zaseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni ayibekezeleli isimo sezulu esomile sase-Afrika nase-Asia.
p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->
Inani lezindawo ezifuywayo ezejwayelekile zivamile eningizimu yeYurophu, e-Australia, e-UK naseNingizimu Melika.
p, blockquote 7,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 8.1,0,0,0 ->
Njengezindawo zokuphila, ibarn owl ikhetha izikhala ezivulekile ngenani lezihlahla, izindawo eziseduze namachibi, inkatho engenamuntu nemisele.
p, blockquote 9,0,0,0,0 ->
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
UBarn Owl waqala wachazwa ngonyaka ka-1769 ngudokotela waseTyrolean nodokotela wezemvelo D. Scopoli. Wanikeza inyoni igama elithi Strix alba. Njengoba kuchazwe izinhlobo zezikhova eziningi, igama elithi Strix lalisetshenziselwa izikhova ezinamapulangwe zamalungu omndeni ajwayelekile - uStrigidae, kwathi isikhova esibayeni sabizwa ngokuthi yiTyto alba. Igama empeleni lisho ukuthi "isikhova esimhlophe", elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini sasendulo. Le nyoni yaziwa ngamagama amaningi ajwayelekile ahambelana nokubukeka kwayo, imisindo, indawo yokuhlala noma i-eerie kanye nendiza ethule.
Ividiyo: UBarn Owl
Kususelwa kudatha ye-DNA evela e-American garn bhl owl (T. furcata) kanye ne-Curacao barn owl (T. bargei) kwaqashelwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile. Kuphakanyisiwe nokuthi uT. A. I-delicatula ichazwe njengohlobo olwehlukile, olwaziwa njenge-sarn barn yasempumalanga. Kodwa-ke, ikomidi le-International Ornithological Committee liyakungabaza lokhu futhi lithi ukuhlukaniswa kweTyto delicatula kuT. Alba "kungadinga ukuthi kubuyekezwe."
Okunye okubhalwe esiqhingini ososayensi kwesinye isikhathi kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile, kepha lokhu kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokubonwa okunye. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-mitochondrial DNA kukhombisa ukwehlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezimbili, i-alba ye-Old World ne-furcata yeNew World, kepha lolu cwaningo aluzange lufake u-T. a. i-delicatula, nayo echazwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile. Inani elikhulu lokuhlukahluka kofuzo latholakala phakathi kwama-stertens ase-Indonesia kanye namanye amalungu e-alba oda.
IBarn Owls yande kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zesikhova. Ukubhalwa okuningi kuhlongowe ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kepha ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokucika kokunye phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene. Izindlela zesiqhingi zivame ukuncane, ngokungafani nezwekazi, futhi ngamafomu amahlathi, amapayipi amnyama kakhulu, amaphiko amafushane kunalawo atholakala emadlelo avulekile.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo
IBarn Owl akuyona inhlobo esisongelayo, kepha ukuncishiswa kwezindawo zayo ezijwayelekile zokuhlala izidleke kuyingozi enkulu kuyo. EMpumalanga Yurophu, emashumini eminyaka amuva, ngenxa yezizathu ezingachazwanga, kuye kwehla inhlekelele enanini lezikhova ezisesibayeni. Izinhlobo sezicishe zanyamalala emazweni aseBaltic naseBelarus; sekuyivelakancane e-Ukraine naseMoldova. Manje i-barn ejwayelekile i-Owl ifakwe kuzincwadi ezibomvu zamazwe ambalwa aseMpumalanga Yurophu.
Buka futhi ndoda
AmaBarn Owls ajwayela ukuhlala lapho kuhlala khona umuntu, kuhlalwe ku-attic, ezakhiweni zamapulazi, emanxiweni, emasontweni nasezindlini. Shono nje, ngemuva kwakho konke, elithi “barn owl” lihunyushwa ngokuthi “isikhova”. Emadolobheni lapho kuhlala kukhona khona amagundane namagundane amaningi, ama-Owls aqoqekile ahlala kulula ukuthola ukudla. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izikhova “zasemadolobheni” ezifundwa ukukhanya kwezibane zikhanyisela izinambuzane namalulwane ebusuku.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zezikhova, izikhova zesikhova bezilokhu ziphathwa ngokwesaba okukhohlisayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba zazivame ukuhlangana eduze nemizi yazo. Futhi njengezinye izikhova, izikhova zaziyinkomba yokuhlakanipha. Manje izinkolelo-ze mayelana nezikhova, ngenhlanhla, ziyinto yesikhathi esedlule, futhi abantu baziphatha ngobubele izinyoni lezi. Futhi iqhaza lesigcini sezikhova ekulweni namagundane asemadolobheni lisobala futhi alithinteki.
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
UBarn Owl ungenye yezinyoni ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Itholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, naseziqhingini eziningi, kufaka phakathi eziqhelile. Kodwa-ke, i-owl yesikhova ayibekezeleli isimo sezulu esibandayo sasenyakatho, ngakho-ke ayenzeki ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zeCanada naseNyakatho Yurophu. IBarn Owl yethulwe ngempumelelo (yavuselelwa kabusha) eziqhingini eziningi ezikude: iHawaiiian, iSeychelles, neNew Zealand. Kodwa-ke, ukwethulwa kwesikhova sezimbali e-Seychelles ngo-1949 kwabonisa ukuthi ibuthakathaka kangakanani imvelo futhi kulula kangakanani ukucasuka. Iqiniso ngukuthi isikhova esibayeni eSeychelles saqala ukuzingela hhayi amagundane nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nesifo seychelles kestrel, inani laso laqala ukwehla kakhulu.
Ensimini yendawo enkulu, kunezindawo ezingaphezulu kwezingama-30 zezindawo zokubhalela ezisesibayeni.
Ezweni lethu, i- barn Owl itholakala kuphela esifundeni saseKaliningrad.
UBarn Owl uhlala ezinhlobonhlobo zama-biotope, uvikela amahlathi aminyene kuphela. Lesi ngesinye sezinhlobo zezinyoni ezimbalwa ezihlomule emisebenzini yezomnotho yabantu ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi nasekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo, ngoba lokhu kwandise ukunikezwa kokudla futhi kwenze ukuthi kusabalale kabanzi. UBarn Owl uzimisele ukuhlala eduze kwekhaya lomuntu.
Incazelo Nezici
Akukenzeki ukuthi le nyoni izithambise ngegama layo elingajwayelekile. Imayelana nokucaciswa kwezwi lakhe, njengokuhlwitha noma ukuhlwitha. Isikhova sesikhumba sihlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezikhova ngumbala ohlukile wesimo esingajwayelekile onokubukeka okumise okwenhliziyo. Kuzwakala sengathi bambeka imaski. Uma kunesithombe barn isikhova esithombeni, lapho-ke ungayibona ngokunembile ngalesi sibonakaliso.
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinkulu, zinobuso obukhethekile nombala okhanyayo. Ubude bomuntu omdala buphakathi kwama-33 - 39 cm, isisindo somzimba silinganiselwa ku-300-355 g.Izimpiko zifinyelela kuma-90 cm. Ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba ihlukaniswa yikhanda elinombala wesihlabathi, lapho kubonakala khona amachashazi amhlophe namnyama. Ingxenye engezansi ilula, ne-plumage enamabala amnyama.
Ingxenye yangaphambili iflathiwe, ilula ngomngcele we-buffy. Izimpiko zimhlophe qwa, zibe nephethini yoqobo yegolide-jet tint. IBarn Owl ingaqashelwa ngamehlo ayo amakhulu aqabulayo, umzimba omzimba omncane, imilenze emide enezimpaphe eziwugqinsi nezimfushane emilenzeni. Umsila awubude, uqhwaku mhlophe qwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umbala wengxenye engezansi yomzimba wenyoni kuya ngokuthi uhlala kuphi. Isibonelo, eNyakatho Afrika, eNtshonalanga naseNingizimu Yurophu, eMiddle East kuhlala abantu abamele izinhlobo lapho le ngxenye yomzimba imhlophe. Kuyo yonke iYurophu, izikhova ezinjena zinengxenye ephansi ye-orange yomzimba.
Abesifazane nabesilisa bafana kakhulu. Uma ubhekisisa, ungakhombisa kuphela ukuthi izintokazi zinombala omnyama kancane, kepha lokhu akumangazi. UBarn Owl ubhekwa njengenyoni eyedwa. Uma, lapho indiza phezu kwensimu yayo, izobona isihlobo, bese ihlasela ngaso leso sikhathi.
Emini ifihla endaweni ephephile, ebusuku inyoni iya ukuyofuna. Indiza buthule, ngakho-ke ibizwa nge- “owl ghost” phakathi kwabantu. Usizwa kakhulu ngamehlo abukhali nokuzwa. Ukuhlala kuyindlela yokuphila engafani nakancane nayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ingahambela endaweni entsha ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.
Umndeni we-barn owl uqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-11 ezinikezwe i-2 genera. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezidumile kakhulu:
1. UBarn owl Itholakala eMelika, e-Asia (ngaphandle kwaseSiberia, eMaphakathi nePhakathi), e-Afrika, eMadagascar nakwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Europe. Inyoni encane (33- cm cm ubude) izidleke emigodini, imvamisa ezakhiweni. Okuphakelayo kuma-shrews, izinduku ezincane,
2. EMadagascar Red Barn Owl ingatholakala emahlathini aseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeMadagascar. Ihlukahluka ngobukhulu obuncane (umzimba unobude obungamasentimitha angama-27,5) futhi ungowokuhlala ebusuku. Lolu hlobo lungaqashelwa ukukhala kwezinhlobo, okuzwakaliswa ngumsindo omkhulu (cishe imizuzwana eyi-1.5), ophela ngomsindo omkhulu onamandla. Ngokuzingela, ukhetha imiphetho yehlathi, amasimu erayisi,
3. Mask barn Owl uhlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu neNew Guinea nezindawo ezivulekile zase-Australia. Ngokuthola indawo yokuhlala, ukhetha amahlathi kanye nendawo evulekile eyisicaba enezihlahla ezimbalwa. Ukuze izidleke ukhetha imisele kanye namathiphu emvelo. Ubukhulu bomuntu osekhulile buyehluka phakathi kwama-38-57 cm.Izinyoni eziboshwe endaweni eyodwa zikhonjiswa endaweni yokuhlala kuphela ebusuku, zifuna ukudla - izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni zasepulazini.
4. Imithi yesikhumba se-herbal - Umhlali emathafeni anotshani obuphakeme ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezisempumalanga yeNdiya, ezansi kwamagquma aseHimalaya, ezindaweni eziseningizimu nasempumalanga yeChina, iTaiwan. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo lwesiqhingi saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, iqembu leziqhingi zasePhilippine.
5. Isikhova esimnyama - Uhlobo olutholakala e-Australia. Inyoni encane (ubude cishe 37-51 cm) iyindawo ehlala izikhala ezivulekile ezishisayo. Umthandi wezingodo ze-eulipt ezinomswakama omningi, ikakhulukazi ukhetha izihlahla ezindala ezineziqu eziphakeme. Ekuzingeleni, le nyoni ingaya emahlathini omile, kepha ilindela ukukhanya kwemini emithanjeni eshisayo eshisayo. Izindlovu nazo ezindaweni ezishisayo. Akufani ngokuhlukahluka ngokukhethekile ekukhetheni kokudla: ayikwazi ukudla izilwane nezinkukhu ezincane kuphela, kodwa futhi ayizideleli izinambuzane, izilobe ezincane.
6. Isikhwanyana esincane esimnyama - uhlobo oluhlukile oluzinze ezindaweni ezishisayo ezingafinyeleleki zogu lwase-Australia. Igama liyazikhulumela - usayizi womuntu omdala awudluli kuma-38 cm. Izinkanyezi zenzeka emigodini, futhi okuthandwa kunikezwe kuzimbobo ezinkulu.
Kwesinye isikhathi ihlala ekucindezelekeni okungokwemvelo phakathi kohlelo lwemithi nasekujuleni kwemvelo. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, bobabili abamele lo mbhangqwana basondele komunye nomunye, kodwa ngaphandle kwesizini bahlala bodwa futhi basezindaweni ezihluke ngokuphelele phakathi nosuku. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda kowesifazane, kuthatha okungenani izinsuku ezingama-42 ukuqandeka. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uthola futhi amlethele ukudla ngaphezu kokukodwa ngobusuku.
Ubumqoka barn isikhova ukuthi izinyoni zalolu hlobo ngesikhathi sokuzingela zindiza kalula ngokusebenzisa izindawo ezishisayo ezingangeneki ngisho nasebusuku. Akuyona neze inkinga ngabo ukuthola indawo yalowo ohlukumezekile, bese bemhlasela ngokungazelele. Ngaphezu kwamagundwane ahlukahlukene, izibankwa, amasele, angazijabulisa nezinye izilwane ezincane. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamatshe, izinyoni, nezinsimbi.
7. Grey garn owl - Umhlali wezifunda zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Yathola igama laso ngenxa yohlobo olwempunga olwepayi. Encane ngosayizi, amasentimitha angama-23 kuya kwangama-33. Le nyoni ayihlali emahlathini kuphela, kodwa futhi igcwele amathafa.
Endimeni yezindawo ezidlekayo, ikhetha izimbobo zesihlahla. Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni, izinyamazane futhi azideleli izinambuzane. Izikhova zaseBarn zifana nezikhova eziyiqiniso, kodwa zinezici ezihlukile.
Ukubukeka kanye ne-morphology
IBarn Owl iyisikhova esinciphile esinemilenze emide. Yilolu hlobo lwesikhova segumbi "ngandlela-thile" phezulu esihlukile kuzo zonke ezinye izikhova. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-33- 39, amaphiko angama-80-95 cm, isisindo esilingana no-300-400 g. Amapayipi athambile kakhulu futhi ayashisi. Umzimba ongaphezulu uvame ukuba nemisipha emifushane eguqukayo nemivimbo emincane emincane nemachashazi. Ngezansi ngentethe emnyama engajwayelekile. I-disc yangaphambili imhlophe futhi inomumo wenhliziyo, nayo ehlukanisa ngokushesha isikhova esibayeni kwezinye izikhova.
Abesilisa nabesifazane bacishe bangafani ngombala.
Vocalization
Izwi lesikhova esibayeni - i- "heee" ekhethekile ethokomele - lasebenza njengokubonakala kwegama lesiRussia lenyoni. Ngokuvamile, izikhova "ezikhulayo" kakhulu ngesikhathi sezidleke. Ngalesi sikhathi, bayabhonga noma badubule bamemeze futhi babe ngamafutha. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, izikhova Izikhova zivame ukuthula. Ngaphezu kwemisindo yezwi, kwesinye isikhathi ziguqula umlomo wazo noma zishaye amaphiko azo ngokungazelele.
Indlela yokuphila nesimo senhlalo
IBarn Owls iphila impilo eyedwa, kepha ezindaweni ezinothile okuxhashazwayo, ingahlala ngamaqembu amancane. Lesi ngesinye sezikhova "zobusuku" kakhulu. Izikhova zeBarn zilala phakathi nosuku, futhi ngobusuku bakhetha i-niche yemvelo noma yokwenziwa: igobo, umgodi noma i-Attic endala endlini. Njengomthetho, bahlala ngokuzinzile, kepha lapho kungekho khona inyamazane (“iminyaka engeyona yegundane”) bangathuthela endaweni entsha.
Lapho ihlangana nomhlukumezi wempahla yayo yendawo, isikhova sesibankulwana sasakaza amaphiko aso futhi siwashukumisa, sisondela eduze kwesitha. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhova sikhala kakhulu futhi sichofoza uqhwaku lwaso. Isisongo, njengaleso esinye isikhova, asikho ezikhohlakalini zomzimba. Esikhundleni salokho, welula amaphiko akhe kwiplanethi enezingqimba bese elala phansi, ebambelela emhlabathini nge-plumage ecindezelwe kakhulu. Uma ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kungasizi, i-Owl eyisikhonkwane ingahlasela isitha, iwele emhlane wakhe bese ishaya imilenze eshisiwe.
Lapho umuntu esondela, izikhova zesibaya zivame ukukhuphuka phezulu emilenzeni yazo ende bese zizulazula phansi, ngenkathi zihambisa izimpaphe zediski yobuso, “zenze ubuso”, bese ziyandiza zibaleke
Ukubona kwesikhova esibayeni kuthuthukiswe kahle, zibonakala kahle ebumnyameni nasekukhanyeni okukhanyayo.
Ukuzwa, njengazo zonke ezinye izikhova, nakho kukhuliswe kahle. Izindlebe zitholakala njenge-asymmetrically ezinhlangothini zekhanda, kwesobunxele kuphakeme, ilungelo liphansi. Lesi sakhiwo sosizo lokuzwa sisiza izinyoni ukuzwa imisindo eyenziwe ngabantu abangaba izisulu ezivela kuma-engele ahlukene. Izimpaphe ezikhulu ezimfishane ezakha i-disc yangaphambili ziyiziboniso ezinhle zomsindo. Izikhova zaseBarn zitholakala kalula kuzo zonke izinkomba ezinomsindo, futhi uma kunomsindo omkhulu zimboza izimbobo zezindlebe ngamapulangwe angafani ambozwe izimpaphe ezincane.
Ukuzala kanye nokuziphatha kwabazali
Njengoba izikhova zomqando zihlala ezimeni ezihlukile zezulu, isikhathi sazo sokuzala nazo zenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, isikhathi sokuzala ngokuvamile asikho; ezindaweni ezifudumele, izikhova ziqala ukuzalaniswa ngoMashi - Ephreli.
IBarn Owls iyinqaba, kepha amacala ngesithembu kwesinye isikhathi ayaqapheleka (owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningana). Zihlala ngambili ngazimbili, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo - emigodini, emiseleni, ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni, izikhova Izikhova azizakhi izidleke zazo. Esimweni se-anthropogenic, bafaka isidleke kuma-attic, emabheleni, ezindlini. Izinhlungu zitholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ngokweqile, kepha ngokuvamile azikho ngaphezu kwama-20 m ngaphezu komhlaba.
Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, insikazi iyandiza izungeze isihlahla ayikhethile esidlekeni, yenze imisindo ebukhali, eyinqaba yokuheha ukunakwa kowesifazane. Ube eseqala ukuxosha insikazi, kuthi phakathi nokujaha zombili izinyoni sezivele zikhale kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi ibeka u-4-8 (kule “minyaka yegundane” kuze kufike ku-16) amaqanda amancane ancanyana (ezinye izikhova zinamaqanda ayindilinga), omhlophe noma ukhilimu. Amaqanda abekwa ngezikhathi ezithile zezinsuku ezi-1 noma ezi-2. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezingama-29- 34, kuphela izidalwa zesifazane, kanti owesilisa umondla ngaso sonke lesi sikhathi. Amantshontsho aminyene ambozwe nge-fluff emhlophe emhlophe futhi angasizi ngalutho. Batali babaphathela kudla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-35-45, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke, kuthi lapho esenezinsuku ezingama-50- 55 aqale ukundiza. Ziba nokuzimela ngokuphelele eminyakeni yezinyanga, bese zindiza zihlukane. Ngesonto lokugcina lokuphila kwabo nabazali babo, abazingeli abasebasha nabo, bamukela okuhlangenwe nakho kokuzingela kwabadala babo. Izikhova zaseBarn zivezwa yindawo enkulu kakhulu yokusakazeka kwentsha - kumakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha.
“Eminyakeni yegundane”, izikhova Izikhova, noma zilandelana ezifudumele, zingaba neziqu ezi-2 eziphumelelayo ngesizini.
Amancane angaqala ukuzalanisa eseneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngokusho kwe-banding, i-Owarn barn ingaphila ngemvelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18, kepha isilinganiso sayo sokuphila siphansi kakhulu - cishe iminyaka emi-2. Kodwa-ke, futhi kunemiphumela “yokuba ngumpetha”: eNyakatho Melika isikhova esasihlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engu-11 izinyanga eziyisithupha, eHolland isikhova esasihlala ngaphansi kwendalo sineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-17 ubudala kanti umqali ogciniwe uyisikhova esivela e-England, esahlala ejele iminyaka engu-22.
E-zoo yethu, izikhova ezisesibayeni zihlala e-Night World pavilion, okuyiqiniso ukuthi, yilezi zinhlobo efanelekile. Manje iqukethe izinyoni ezi-5. Esichazelweni ungahlala ubona amabhangqa ama-1, amanye "aphumule" egumbini elingachazi, kanye ngonyaka aguqula izinyoni. Iningi lezikhova ezifuywayo lithathwe emvelweni. Iqhude elilodwa lezikhwanyana Izilo ezifuywayo ezijwayelekile, zazivele zinamantshontsho amane. Bafaka i-clutch futhi bondle amaphuphu ngokwabo.
Ukudla kwesikhwanyana se-owl ku-zoo kuqukethe amagundane ayi-6 nsuku zonke.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe libukeka kanjani ibanda Owl?
IBarn Owl iyisilinganiso esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, nesikhova esikhanyayo esinamaphiko omude nomsila omfishane wesikwele. Ama-subspecies anokuhluka okukhulu ngobude bomzimba obubanzi obugcwele ukusuka kuma-29 kuye kwangama-44 cm kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Amaphiko asukela ku-68 kuya ku-105 cm. Isisindo somzimba somuntu omdala futhi siyahlukahluka ukusuka ku-224 kuya ku-710 g.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Njengomthetho, izikhova ezisesibayeni ezihlala eziqhingini ezincane zincanyana futhi zilula, mhlawumbe ngoba zincike kakhulu ekuphambekeni kwezinambuzane futhi kufanele ziqondiswe kakhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwesikhumba se-owl eCuba naseJamaica luphinde lube ngummeli wesiqhingi.
Ukwakheka komsila ithuba lokuhlukanisa isikhova esigodlayo nesikhova esijwayelekile emoyeni. Ezinye izici ezihlukile yiphethini elinjenge-wave lendiza nokundiza imilenze ngezimpaphe. Ubuso obumbeke ngenhliziyo nobuso obumnyama bumnyama bunika inyoni endizayo ukubukeka okwehlukanisayo, njengesifihla-buso esinezihlakala ezinkulu ezimnyama zamehlo. Ikhanda likhulu futhi liyindilinga, ngaphandle kwezihloko zezindlebe.
Izikhova zaseBarn zinamaphiko ayindilinga nomsila omfushane, zimbozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe noma ezikhanyayo onsundu. Ngemuva nenhloko yenyoni kukhanya okukhanyayo okunendawo eshintshashintshayo emnyama namhlophe. Ngaphansi kunombala omhlophe. Ukuvela kwalezi zikhova kuyinto eyisimanga kakhulu. I-Ornithologists inezinhlobo eziyi-16, kanti inhlobo iTyto alba inezinhlobo ezingama-35, ezihlukaniswa ngesisekelo sokuhluka ngobukhulu nangebala. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngaphakathi kwesibalo esisodwa, abesilisa banezindawo ezimbalwa ezivela ngezansi, futhi bamathole kunabesifazane. Amachwane ambozwe nge-fluff emhlophe, kepha isimo sobuso esibonakalayo siyabonakala ngemuva nje kokubopha.
Uhlala kuphi isikhova esibayeni?
Isithombe: Owl Barn Owl
IBarn Owls yizinyoni zomhlaba ezivame kakhulu ezihlale kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Uhla lwayo lubandakanya yonke iYurophu (ngaphandle kweFennoscandia neMalta), ukusuka eSpain eseningizimu kuye eningizimu yeSweden nasempumalanga yeRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhla lubandakanya iningi lase-Afrika, i-Indian subcontinent, ezinye iziqhingi zasePacific, lapho bethulwa khona ukulwa namagundane kanye neMelika, i-Asia, ne-Australia. Izinyoni ziphila impilo yokuhlala futhi abantu abaningi, sebezinzile endaweni ethile, bahlala lapho, noma zishiywe izindawo zokudlela eziseduze.
I-Barn Owl (T. alba) - inobubanzi obubanzi. Ihlala eYurophu, kanye nase-Afrika, e-Asia, New Guinea, e-Australia naseMelika, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisenyakatho ze-Alaska naseCanada.
- i-owl-barn owl (i-glaucops) - isiphetho eHaiti,
- I-Barn Owl (T. capensis) - etholakala eCentral naseNingizimu Afrika,
- izinhlobonhlobo zaseMadagascar zitholakala eMadagascar,
- uhla lwe-brown-brown (T. nigrobrunnea) ne-Australia (T. novaehollandiae) luhlanganisa iNew Guinea nengxenye ye-Australia,
- T. multipunctata - indali yase-Australia,
- I-Golden Barn Owl (T. aurantia) - isiphetho kuFr. New Britain
- T. manusi - cishe. Manus
- T. nigrobrunnea - cishe. Sula
- T. sororcula - cishe. Tanimbar
- ISulawesi (T. rosenbergii) neMinahasa (T. inexpectata) bahlala eSulawesi.
IBarn Owls inezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya kuya emadolobheni. Zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphansi ezindaweni ezivulekile njengamamadows, ogwadule, amachibi nezinkambu zezolimo. Zidinga iziza ezidlekayo, njengezihlahla eziyize, imigodi emadwaleni nasemifuleni yomfula, emihumeni, emigodini yesonto, ezinqolobaneni, njll. Ukutholakala kwezindawo ezifanele zokwakha isidleke kukhawula ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezifanele ukondla.
Ngabe kudlani isikhova?
Isithombe: UBarn Owl kuNdiza
Lezi yizilwane ezidla ebusuku ezikhetha izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. IBarn Owls iqala ukuzingela yodwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Ukuthola ithagethi elihambayo, bakhulisa umbono ozwelayo ngokukhanya okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, lapho zizingela ebumnyameni ngokuphelele, isikhova sithembela endlebeni ebukhali ukuze ibambe inyamazane. IBarn Owls yizinyoni ezinembe kunazo lapho ufuna inyamazane ngomsindo. Enye into esisiza ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo yizimpaphe zazo ezi-fluffy, ezisiza ukudonsa umsindo lapho uhamba.
Isikhova singasondela esilwaneni saso cishe singanakwa. Izikhova zaseBarn zihlasela inyamazane yazo ngezindiza eziphansi (1.5-5,5 metres ngenhla komhlaba), zibambe inyamazane ngezinyawo zazo bese zishaya emuva kwesigebhezi ngemilomo yazo. Ngemuva kwalokho bamunca wonke umkhiqizo. IBarn Owls igcina ukudla, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalela.
Ukudla okuphambili komhlambi Owl kuqukethe:
UBarn owl uyazingela, endiza kancane futhi ahlole umhlaba. Angasebenzisa amagatsha, uthango noma amanye amapulatifomu wokubuka ukuskena indawo. Le nyoni inamaphiko amade, abanzi, okuyivumela ukuba ikwazi ukuhamba futhi ijika kakhulu. Imilenze neminwe yakhe mide futhi mncane. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola ukudla ngamahlamvu aminyene noma ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi isibaya esithile sidla ama-voes owodwa noma amaningi ubusuku, okuhambelana namaphesenti angamashumi amabili nantathu esisindo somzimba wale nyoni.
Ukukhiqizwa okuncane kudwengulwa kube yizicucu kudliwe ngokuphelele, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa okukhudlwana, okungaphezulu kwe-100 g, kukhungathekiswa futhi izingxenye ezingangeneki ziphonswa ngaphandle. Ezingeni lesifunda, imikhiqizo engenagundane isetshenziswa ngokuya ngokubiza. Eziqhingini ezicebile ngezinyoni, ukudliwa kwezikhwanyana Owls kungafaka phakathi kwezinyoni eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-15.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: UBarn Owl
Izikhova zesikhumba ziyaphaphama ebusuku, zibala ukuzwa okujulile ebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Ziqala ukusebenza ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zibonakala phakathi nosuku lapho zisuka endaweni eyodwa ziye kobusuku. Kwesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukuzingela emini uma ubusuku obudlule bebumanzi futhi benza ukuzingela kube nzima.
IBarn Owls akuzona izinyoni ezihlala endaweni ethile, kepha inebanga elithile lekhaya abazondla kulo. Kwabesilisa eScotland lokhu kuyindawo engaba amakhilomitha ayi-1 ukusuka endaweni yezidleke. Uhla lowesifazane luhlangana kakhulu nalolo lomlingani. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzala, abesilisa nabesifazane bavame ukulala ngokwahlukana. Umuntu ngamunye unezindawo cishe ezintathu lapho ungacasha khona phakathi nosuku, nokuthi ziphi isikhathi esifushane phakathi nobusuku.
Lezi zindawo zifaka:
- izihlahla eziyize
- imigodi emadwaleni
- izakhiwo ezilahliwe
- chimneys
- imichilo nge hay, njll.
Njengoba isikhathi sokuzalela sisondela, izinyoni zibuyela endaweni yesidleke esikhethiwe ubusuku bonke. IBarn Owls yizindawo ezivulekile, ezinjengamapulazi noma amadlelo anendawo ethile yezinkuni, ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000. Lesi sikhova sithanda ukuzingela emaphethelweni ehlathi noma emaphethelweni otshani obulukude nedlelo.
Njengezikhova eziningi, izikhova zesikhoba sezikhuphuka zithule, amazinyo amancane emaphethelweni angaphambili ezimpaphe kanye nomucu onjengezinwele emaphethelweni wethrekhi usiza ukusika ekuphaphazeni komoya, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isiyaluyalu nomsindo ohambisana nawo. Ukuziphatha kwezinyoni nokuthandwa yindawo ezungezile kungahluka kancane phakathi kwezindawo ezingomakhelwane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: UBarn Owl
Izikhova zaseBarn izinyoni ezinyantayo, noma kunemibiko yesithembu. Ababili bahlala ndawonye inqobo nje uma bobabili abantu besaphila. Ukuqomisana kuqala ngokuboniswa kwezindiza ngabesilisa, eziqiniswa ngumsindo nokujaha insikazi. Owesilisa uzobuye aqandeke emoyeni phambi kowesifazane ohlezi imizuzwana eminingana.
Ukukopisha kwenzeka njalo ngemizuzu embalwa ngenkathi ufuna i-jack. Bobabili ubulili bathontelana phambi komunye nomunye ukuze bakhiqize ukukopishwa. Owesilisa ukhuphukela kowesifazane, ambambe ngentambo nangezilinganiso ngamaphiko asakazekile. Ukulingisa kuyaqhubeka nokuncipha kwemvamisa kukho konke ukufukelwa nokukhuliswa kwezinkukhu.
UBarn izikhova zizalela kanye ngonyaka. Zingakwazi ukuzala cishe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kuye ngomsoco. Iningi labantu liqala ukuzala lineminyaka engu-1 ubudala. Ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokuphila seminyaka yonke yezimbali zesikhova (isilinganiso seminyaka emi-2), iningi labantu lizala kanye kuphela noma kabili. Njengomthetho, amabele owl akhula ama-brood owodwa ngonyaka, yize kwamanye amabhangqa kunokukhuphuka kwama-broods amathathu ngonyaka owodwa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izitho zensikazi zaseBarn owl zishiya isidleke ngesikhathi sokufakelwa isikhashana futhi ezimeni ezinkulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa udla insikazi ekufukameleni. Uhlala esidlekeni kuze kube yilapho amaphutha esondele ezinsukwini ezingama-25. Iziduna ziletha ukudla esidlekeni sensikazi namachwane, kepha insikazi kuphela yondla amawundlu, ekuqaleni igqekeza ukudla kube izingcezu ezincane.
IBarn Owls ivame ukusebenzisa isidleke esidala esineminyaka eminingi ikhona, esikhundleni sokwakha esisha. Owesifazane uvame ukugoqa isidleke ngemvuthuluka echobozekile. Uzala amaqanda amabili kuya kwayi-18 (imvamisa engu-4 kuye kwayi-7) ngesilinganiso seqanda elilodwa njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-29 kuye kwezingama-34. Izinkukhu zibamba futhi zidle insikazi ngemuva kokuqunjelwa. Bashiya isidleke ezinsukwini ezingama-50-70 ngemuva kokuqokwa, kepha babuyela esidlekeni ubusuku. Bazimela ngokuphelele kubazali babo amasonto angama-3-5 ngemuva kokuba sebeqale ukundiza.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi izikhova zesibaya zibukeka kanjani. Ake sibheke ukuthi isikhova sihlala kanjani endle.
Izitha Zemvelo ZeBarn Owls
Isithombe: UBarn Owl
Izikhova zaseBarn zinezinyamazane ezimbalwa. Imikhuba kwesinye isikhathi ibanjwa ama-ermines nezinyoka. Kukhona futhi nobufakazi bokuthi isikhova esinezimpondo kwesinye isikhathi sisebenzisa abantu abadala. Ukubhaliswa kweBarn engxenyeni esentshonalanga yePalearctic kuncane kakhulu kunaseNyakatho Melika. Izinkozi zegolide, amakhayithi abomvu, amanqe, izimpungushe ze-peregrine, izimpungushe, nezikhova zokhozi ngezinye izikhathi zizingela lezi zindawo ezithandwa kuzo.
Lapho ibhekene nomuntu ongangeneki kuyo, izikhova ezisebenza esibayeni zelula amaphiko azo bese zizithambeka ukuze ubuso bazo obuphakathi babhekane nomuntu ongangenayo. Bese benikina amakhanda bebuyela emuva. Lokhu kuboniswa kwesongo kuhambisana nokweshelwa kanye nezikweletu, ezinikezwa ngamehlo aqobayo. Uma umhlaseli eqhubeka nokuhlasela, isikhova siwela emhlana wakhe bese siyishaya ngempama.
Ama-Siri angamakhosi ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikhubekiso. Amapheya akhona ezindaweni zokudla izidleke. Kuhlaselwa nemikhaza yezimpaphe nezimpaphe, ezidluliswa kusuka enyangeni kuya kunyoni ngokuxhumana ngqo. Imvamisa kuba khona izimpukane ezingena ngegazi, njenge-Ornithomyia avicularia, ezihamba phakathi kwephaneli. Ama-parasites angaphakathi afaka i-Fluke Strigea strigis, i-tapeworms Paruternia candelabraria, izinhlobo eziningana zomjikelezo we-parasitic kanye nezibungu zepickly ezivela kuhlobo lweCentrorhynchus. Lezi zinambuzane zamathumbu zitholakala lapho izinyoni zidla emafweni athelelekile.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Photo: Ngabe libukeka kanjani ibanda Owl?
Le nhlobo ibilokhu inezindlela ezinzile zokuphila kwabantu kule minyaka engama-40 edlule eMelika. Amanani abantu eYurophu alinganiselwa ukuthi ayashintshashintsha. Namuhla, inani labantu baseYurophu balinganiselwa ku-111,000-230,000 ngazimbili, elihambelana nabantu abangama-222,000-460,000 abantu abavuthiwe. I-Europe icishe ibe yi-5% yebanga lomhlaba jikelele, ngakho-ke ukulinganisa okuyingqophamlando kwenani labantu emhlabeni ngabantu abangama-4,400,000-9,200,000 abavuthiwe, yize kuqinisekiswa eminye imininingwane yalokhu kulinganisa.
Emapulazini anamuhla, azisekho izakhiwo ezanele zamapulazi zokudlela izidleke, futhi umhlaba wamapulazi awusenakukwazi ukuqukatha izinduku ezanele ukondla i-Owls yasesibayeni. Isibalo sezikhova, noma kunjalo, sehla kuphela kwezinye izindawo, hhayi kulo lonke uhla lwazo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukubhaliswa okuhlukile kwabantu abancane besiqhingi nakho kusengozini ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe.
UBarn owl iphendula ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukubulala izibulala-zinambuzane nezinguquko ezenzweni zezolimo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, aziqoqeki amafutha ngokweqile emzimbeni njengendawo ebekelwe isimo sezulu esibi sasebusika. Ngenxa yalokhu, izikhova eziningi ziyafa esimweni sezulu esineqhwa noma zibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba zizale kabusha intwasahlobo elandelayo. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane nayo ibe nomthelela ekwehleni kwalesi zinhlobo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, izikhova zesikhova zihlupheka kakhulu ngemiphumela yokubulala izinambuzane kunezinye izinhlobo zezikhova. Le mithi yokubulala izinambuzane imvamisa inembangela yokuncipha kweshellic yamaqanda.
